View allAll Photos Tagged santouri
(+) www.flickr.com/photos/midea_foto/albums
. . . . . .
"Impressionist" (low-resolution), inland images taken on a remedial digital tablet amidst a New Year winter stay in Παλαιά Φώκαια (Palaia Fokaia), between some months in Κυψέλη (Kipséli) and a week in the Παλαιό Φάληρο (Palaio Faliro) area of Athens proper, before departing for Italy - 1-8 January, 2020.
Palaia Fokaia (Παλαιά Φώκαια, "Old Phocaea") is a seaside town in East Attica, Greece, located on the Saronic Gulf coast between Sounio and Anavyssos in the southeastern part of the Attica peninsula, and is part of the greater Athens metropolitan area. Since 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Saronikos, of which it is a municipal unit with an area of 22.944 km2 and a population of 3,436. The community of Palaia Fokaia includes the settlements: Thymari - Agia Fotini, Katafygi and the Settlement of the Agricultural Bank of Greece. There are low mountains south and east of the town. It lies 2 km south of Anavyssos, 9 km west of Lavrio and 36 km southeast of Athens centre. Greek National Road 91 (Athens - Sounio) passes through the town. The municipal unit includes the village of Thymari and the small, rocky and deforested island of Patroklos, which is uninhabited.
The settlement of Palaia Fokea was created in the 1920s as a settlement of refugees from the Phocaea of Asia Minor, named Palaia Fokaia and not "Nea" as is customary in refugee settlements. In 1250 AD, inhabitants of Fokaia founded a new village 9 km north of Fokaia, which was named Nea Fokaia. In the following years, the settlement that was located in the ancient site was named Palaia Fokaia to distinguish it from the newer one. The refugees who settled in the area of Anavyssos and came from Palaia Fokaia, did not give the settlement they founded the name Nea Fokaia because there was another village in Asia Minor with the namesake. Thus the new settlement retained the name "Palaia Fokaia", which was the name of their particular homeland. The settlement was initially included in the community of Kalivia Thorikou, while from 1947 it was a separate community, and recognized within the borders of the community in 1971 and the settlement of Thymari. The community of Palaia Fokaia occupied an area of 23 sq.km. and had a population of 2,051 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census. In 2011, it was abolished with the implementation of the Kallikratis program, joining the new municipality of Saronikos.
. . .
Ancient History.
Palea Fokea is a city built in the northwest part of the Asia Minor peninsula. It was founded in the 8th BC century by settlers of Fokida led by the Athenian Philogenes. Its inhabitants were adventurous sailors and were the first to build "five-masted ships", light ships with fifty oars, the city being one of the 12 Ionian cities and its merchant navy competing with the Phoenician navy. They gained wealth and power through trade and founded many colonies.
The Fokians were the first to travel by ship to Gibraltar and built trading posts in many parts of the Mediterranean. From the 7th century BC began to establish colonies, the most important being: Lampsakos on the shores of the Hellespont, Elea in lower Italy, Alar in 565 BC with a very large port in Corsica, and Tartisos off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Another important one is Marseille in 600 BC, which founded new colonies such as Nicaea (C Κυte d'Azur), Olivia (Coast of the Mountains). From Marseilles the letters spread to neighboring peoples and the Phocaeans became the first civilization in the west before the Romans. When in 540 BC, they were conquered by the Persians, they boarded their ships and asked to buy Oinousses, islands of Chios to settle. The Chians, however, refused and so left for their other colonies.
Phocaea also minted the Phocaean stator as a gold coin. Its bay was divided into two ports, the Naval Station (large shore) and Lampitra (Small shore).
Pytheas, a great Greek seafarer, the first to see the glaciers of the B. Ocean, came from Marseilles.
1914-1922 Planning and Execution of Persecutions.
Central Asia was the largest part of ecumenical Greece, being 530,000 sq.km., while metropolitan Greece is 130,000 sq.km. So when Greece lost it in 1453 and in 1922 with the persecutions, it lost its economic power and shrank by four-fifths its size and financial strength.
In 1915 Greece, division raged again (1915), Venizelos resigns for the second time, and the central powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary) defeat.
Young Turks believe that their big day has arrived. The German military finds in the face of the neo-Turks the ruthless executor of the most barbaric measures, the recruitment of the Christian population, joining the infamous labor battalions, the displacement of the coastal population, measures of the Turks re-signed by the German general Liman von Sanders. The reason for this anti-Greek attitude was that Turkey was a large and easy-going Asian country - booty for all forms of exploitation. Its geographical location, Mosul's oils and navigation were its targets. These efforts confronted the Greek presence that for centuries held the reins of all economic sectors and especially shipping.
On May 14, 1914, the Minister of Interior of Turkey, Talat, sent a telegram to the Commander-in-Chief of Izmir: "..... It is urgent for political reasons to force the Greeks living on the shores of Central Asia to evacuate their villages and settle in the provinces of Erzurum and others. If they refuse to be transported to the indicated places, you will be pleased to see oral instructions to our Muslim brothers, as for all kinds of deviants force the Greeks to expatriate themselves at will. 'Do not forget to obtain in this case from these immigrants a certificate confirming that they are leaving the hearths of their own initiative so that no political issues arise.'" The plan of the diversions, that is, massacres and persecutions, was implemented in the most brutal and inhuman way by the Turks, the test starting from Palea and Nea Fokea.
Documented by French archaeologist Sartio and the team of Mansier, Carlier and Dandrias, Sartio came from Marseilles and made archeological excavations at that time. In his book "The looting of Phocaea and the expulsion of the Ottoman Greeks of Central Asia" and Mansier in his description, "The last days of Phocaea" plot the massacre and persecution of its inhabitants.
In a document of the Austrian embassy (April 3, 1917): "The Grand Vizier and Foreign Minister asked me and the German ambassador to let our governments know that military reasons of paramount importance are forcing the Turkish government to displace from Ayvalik and its environs, a population of 10 to 15,000 Greeks. The Turkish government has stated that General Liman von Sanders insists on the implementation of this measure. 'Residents should leave their homes within a certain period of time, but they are free to choose the place of their new residence inland.'" The continuation of the document is more revealing, "Under these circumstances, I FORCED the Turkish Ministry of War, where Ember Pasha, as well as the government, resisted the execution of the aforementioned measures."
And then the catastrophe of 1922.
Recent History.
Founded by Phocaea, Marseille's inhabitants did not forget their origin in any case, sincerely expressing their love and affection for the ancient Diocese, when in fact they celebrate the third millennium as the founding of their city with magnificent celebrations, and they invited the Mayor of Phocaea of Marseille. The younger inhabitants of Phocaea Asia Minor were sailors but at the same time cultivated the rich land of their region. The main source of prosperity was the salt flats, the richest salt flats in the Mediterranean. P. and N. Fokaia were cities with a Greek population for the most part, P. Fokea with 12,000 inhabitants, 9,000 Greeks and 3,000 Turks and N. Fokea with 7,500 inhabitants, 6,500 Greeks and 1,000 Turks. Here, people spoke only Greek, even the Turks. It had schools, churches and many chapels. The metropolitan church was Agia Irini. Another large church was Agia Triada, Agios Nikolaos and Agios Konstantinos to the north. The church of the Holy Trinity was built by the workers of the saltworks, holding a grand 7-day festival there where local musicians played violins, oud, santouri, organ (lantern), drums.
It was said to be a good life ruined by the Turks in June 1914. The archaeologist Sartio writes: "Her rich nobles left the cities barefoot because these shoes had also been removed. Unheard of sacrileges were committed in the temples". Mansier of the team of archaeologists says: "At night the city was looted. We are told a woman is on the verge of death because she was raped by 17 Turks. A total of 81 people were killed, including 17 women, so that with their own eyes, in the most barbaric times, all the characteristics of the destruction of a city, namely: theft, looting, arson, murder and disgrace of women."About a thousand inhabitants landed on fishing boats and sailed from Phocaea to Mytilene. Others landed on a large French sailboat loading salt from the port of Foca.
El. Iliopoulos, Consul General of England, who arrived in the city two days after its evacuation, was informed that in the canteens of the city butchers were hung pieces of human meat with "G" meatballs - that is, Greek meat. But the catastrophe was complete in 1922. More than 1,500,000 Greeks of ecumenical Greece were made by the order of Germany, the Greek division and the failed advance of King Constantine to the interior of Turkey, north of Turkish atrocity. Thus unpunished to today, Turkey carried out in the same century three genocides of different tribes of Central Asia, the Armenians, the Pontians and the Kurds.
The installation in Anavyssos.
Like all Hellenism in Central Asia, the Phocaeans fled to the nearest islands, Athens and Piraeus.
The late Ath. Papoutsis gave the following information on 20/2/1960 to Mr. Ap. "Proteus" and with elections elected Mr. Vassilis Tsouros, military doctor, Panagiotis Zinane, infantry officer, Ath. A. Papoutsis, Evagg. Pouloudas, Anastasios Ananidis and Ioannis Staveras, one of his goals being to choose an area for installation: "We went to Kassandra, Halkidiki, with a week's hassle. But it was far from Athens and the place was uninhabited. We left disappointed, we are Papoutsis Ath, Metalikis A. and X iotis N. We started looking for the installation of Anavyssos."
In Anavyssos, there were salt pans that a company had, recruiting people who knew better about salt production. Finding Christoulis Karapiperis an excellent craftsman, the took a team of 20-25 patriots who all worked. After the first year they had 2,000 tons more salt, the company so pleased it asked asked to hire all the Phocaeans that existed, electing a committee of Hatzis Karpouzis, Ioannis Dede, Ath. Papoutsis to take care of the installation.
At that time Athens - Lavrio had a train. The committee took the train and left Keratea. From there, Anavyssos walked down to the salt pans to see the place and the estates belonging to Petraki Monastery, where everyone could settle, then uninhabited with only one small church, Agios Georgios.
Later asking the Ministry of Agriculture for permission to settle in Anavyssos, they were refused because the area was intended for a team from Aretsou, Constantinople. Finally, on October 15, 1920, by order of the Ministry of Welfare and a boat, they reached the salt pans and stayed in 50 tents. In 10 days other families arrived by boat and took 100 tents, the tented area owned by relatives from Kalivia.
The new settlers went to the Minister and asked him to make a statement in the newspapers, that the Phocaeans will settle in Anavyssos because they are salt bars that produce salt, the statement read in the villages and stopped the settlement's current accounting. The families had come from Chalkida, Volos, Crete, went to Piraeus for work, others made charcoal and many worked in the saltworks. But as soon as the second winter came and they saw that the restoration was not taking place, a few were forced to leave for Piraeus and Athens. With no trees or water on the beach of Anavyssos, they lived from the saltworks and were given tools to immediately open a well. Unfortunately, from October 1924 to March 1926 they remained in tents, 19 months of agony. Every three months they had changes of government, and of the 160 original families, only 90 remained.
In March 1926, Pangalos ordered the arrival of the topographic service of the Ministry of Agriculture to define the settlement. He took 7,500 acres from the Petraki Monastery, 1,000 acres from the Logothetis estate, 400 acres from the area of Agios Georgios, yet they still did not have a church. Mr. Beis had set up 20 shacks for the settlers, the settlers taking materials from these to build their church.
Their President, "Garyfalos Papoutsis, came and we asked him and he sent us 100,000 and we started to build the school. We all helped together and the contractor who built it did not get a single drachma. He was a good man, his name was Hermes Philip. The school was built in 1932. For 4 years we paid a teacher to send the children to school." In 1947, Palaia Fokaia became a Community.
Contemporary History.
The first years of the exile, among the other difficulties faced by the refugees, was their non-acceptance by the Greeks of Metropolitan Greece.
The area of P. Fokea - Anavyssos was uninhabited, owned mainly by the Petraki monastery and also rented by the inhabitants and cattle breeders of the surrounding villages for grazing or cultivation. The settlement of the refugees brought several disputes between them, but their cohabitation and acquaintance resulted in mutual respect, acceptance, friendship with good cooperation, coexistence, prestige. Indeed, from the pre-war era, the nomadic cattle breeders began to settle permanently and to add vitality to the life of the village with their strength and hard work. In fact, after 1947, when it became a Community, the life of the village entered an upward course with important infrastructure projects carried out.
In 1954-55 the town's main road opened and connected the village with urban centers, leading to developments in tourism and an increasing population.
.
- from web.archive.org/web/20020806012444/http://www.attikos.gr/...
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(+) An 18-year Journey, in Poetry and Image:
.
La tierra es de los dioses y la música su medio de comunicación.
La palabra música proviene del griego Mousike.
La música griega recibió influencia de civilizaciones antiguas muy avanzadas, como la Mesopotámica, Egipcia, Etrusca y las Indoeuropeas. Atribuían su origen a los dioses. Platón la consideraba como la base de la educación. La escritura musical la realizaban con las letras del alfabeto. Se conservan aproximadamente unos cuarenta fragmentos musicales que permiten reconstruir, aunque sea de forma esquemática, cómo fue la música de entonces, no obstante, la principal fuente de información, son los textos literarios.
Los instrumentos musicales de la Antigua Grecia pertenecen a tres familias:
• la familia de la percusión: El tambor, el Tympanon griego, o parche tensado sobre un gran círculo de madera, simboliza la locura dionisíaca y aparece siempre en manos de mujeres como el crótalo, platillos utilizados en las danzas. El tambor, los címbalos, el sistro y las castañuelas eran los instrumentos de percusión más de moda.
• la familia de los aerófonos: El aulos, especie de flauta cruzada con un clarinete y de la familia del oboe, tenía una doble lengueta y estaba formado por dos cañas por las que se soplaba al mismo tiempo. También había aulos de una sola caña, la siringa o flauta de Pan. Es un instrumento consagrado a Dionisios y su invención se atribuye a Minerva y al propio Apolo.
• la familia de los cordófonos: La Lira, atribuída su invención al dios Hermes, y el barbitos, de siete cuerdas y una apariencia imponente, la cítara, considerado el atributo de Apolo, pasó a ocupar un primer plano en las sobremesas de las fiestas y reuniones.
Museum of Vietnamese History. This is a Khim, the Asian version of the Greek santouri and our hammered dulcimer. For me it is fascinating to think that at the time instruments like this were being made in Vietnam, my great great grandfather was building similar instruments in Suffolk, England, To hear a hammered dulcimer visit www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g4QkJjV4ro to hear Tim Simek play Music Box Dancer.
(+) www.flickr.com/photos/midea_foto/albums
. . . . . .
"Impressionist" (low-resolution), inland images taken on a remedial digital tablet amidst a New Year winter stay in Παλαιά Φώκαια (Palaia Fokaia), between some months in Κυψέλη (Kipséli) and a week in the Παλαιό Φάληρο (Palaio Faliro) area of Athens proper, before departing for Italy - 1-8 January, 2020.
Palaia Fokaia (Παλαιά Φώκαια, "Old Phocaea") is a seaside town in East Attica, Greece, located on the Saronic Gulf coast between Sounio and Anavyssos in the southeastern part of the Attica peninsula, and is part of the greater Athens metropolitan area. Since 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Saronikos, of which it is a municipal unit with an area of 22.944 km2 and a population of 3,436. The community of Palaia Fokaia includes the settlements: Thymari - Agia Fotini, Katafygi and the Settlement of the Agricultural Bank of Greece. There are low mountains south and east of the town. It lies 2 km south of Anavyssos, 9 km west of Lavrio and 36 km southeast of Athens centre. Greek National Road 91 (Athens - Sounio) passes through the town. The municipal unit includes the village of Thymari and the small, rocky and deforested island of Patroklos, which is uninhabited.
The settlement of Palaia Fokea was created in the 1920s as a settlement of refugees from the Phocaea of Asia Minor, named Palaia Fokaia and not "Nea" as is customary in refugee settlements. In 1250 AD, inhabitants of Fokaia founded a new village 9 km north of Fokaia, which was named Nea Fokaia. In the following years, the settlement that was located in the ancient site was named Palaia Fokaia to distinguish it from the newer one. The refugees who settled in the area of Anavyssos and came from Palaia Fokaia, did not give the settlement they founded the name Nea Fokaia because there was another village in Asia Minor with the namesake. Thus the new settlement retained the name "Palaia Fokaia", which was the name of their particular homeland. The settlement was initially included in the community of Kalivia Thorikou, while from 1947 it was a separate community, and recognized within the borders of the community in 1971 and the settlement of Thymari. The community of Palaia Fokaia occupied an area of 23 sq.km. and had a population of 2,051 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census. In 2011, it was abolished with the implementation of the Kallikratis program, joining the new municipality of Saronikos.
. . .
Ancient History.
Palea Fokea is a city built in the northwest part of the Asia Minor peninsula. It was founded in the 8th BC century by settlers of Fokida led by the Athenian Philogenes. Its inhabitants were adventurous sailors and were the first to build "five-masted ships", light ships with fifty oars, the city being one of the 12 Ionian cities and its merchant navy competing with the Phoenician navy. They gained wealth and power through trade and founded many colonies.
The Fokians were the first to travel by ship to Gibraltar and built trading posts in many parts of the Mediterranean. From the 7th century BC began to establish colonies, the most important being: Lampsakos on the shores of the Hellespont, Elea in lower Italy, Alar in 565 BC with a very large port in Corsica, and Tartisos off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Another important one is Marseille in 600 BC, which founded new colonies such as Nicaea (C Κυte d'Azur), Olivia (Coast of the Mountains). From Marseilles the letters spread to neighboring peoples and the Phocaeans became the first civilization in the west before the Romans. When in 540 BC, they were conquered by the Persians, they boarded their ships and asked to buy Oinousses, islands of Chios to settle. The Chians, however, refused and so left for their other colonies.
Phocaea also minted the Phocaean stator as a gold coin. Its bay was divided into two ports, the Naval Station (large shore) and Lampitra (Small shore).
Pytheas, a great Greek seafarer, the first to see the glaciers of the B. Ocean, came from Marseilles.
1914-1922 Planning and Execution of Persecutions.
Central Asia was the largest part of ecumenical Greece, being 530,000 sq.km., while metropolitan Greece is 130,000 sq.km. So when Greece lost it in 1453 and in 1922 with the persecutions, it lost its economic power and shrank by four-fifths its size and financial strength.
In 1915 Greece, division raged again (1915), Venizelos resigns for the second time, and the central powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary) defeat.
Young Turks believe that their big day has arrived. The German military finds in the face of the neo-Turks the ruthless executor of the most barbaric measures, the recruitment of the Christian population, joining the infamous labor battalions, the displacement of the coastal population, measures of the Turks re-signed by the German general Liman von Sanders. The reason for this anti-Greek attitude was that Turkey was a large and easy-going Asian country - booty for all forms of exploitation. Its geographical location, Mosul's oils and navigation were its targets. These efforts confronted the Greek presence that for centuries held the reins of all economic sectors and especially shipping.
On May 14, 1914, the Minister of Interior of Turkey, Talat, sent a telegram to the Commander-in-Chief of Izmir: "..... It is urgent for political reasons to force the Greeks living on the shores of Central Asia to evacuate their villages and settle in the provinces of Erzurum and others. If they refuse to be transported to the indicated places, you will be pleased to see oral instructions to our Muslim brothers, as for all kinds of deviants force the Greeks to expatriate themselves at will. 'Do not forget to obtain in this case from these immigrants a certificate confirming that they are leaving the hearths of their own initiative so that no political issues arise.'" The plan of the diversions, that is, massacres and persecutions, was implemented in the most brutal and inhuman way by the Turks, the test starting from Palea and Nea Fokea.
Documented by French archaeologist Sartio and the team of Mansier, Carlier and Dandrias, Sartio came from Marseilles and made archeological excavations at that time. In his book "The looting of Phocaea and the expulsion of the Ottoman Greeks of Central Asia" and Mansier in his description, "The last days of Phocaea" plot the massacre and persecution of its inhabitants.
In a document of the Austrian embassy (April 3, 1917): "The Grand Vizier and Foreign Minister asked me and the German ambassador to let our governments know that military reasons of paramount importance are forcing the Turkish government to displace from Ayvalik and its environs, a population of 10 to 15,000 Greeks. The Turkish government has stated that General Liman von Sanders insists on the implementation of this measure. 'Residents should leave their homes within a certain period of time, but they are free to choose the place of their new residence inland.'" The continuation of the document is more revealing, "Under these circumstances, I FORCED the Turkish Ministry of War, where Ember Pasha, as well as the government, resisted the execution of the aforementioned measures."
And then the catastrophe of 1922.
Recent History.
Founded by Phocaea, Marseille's inhabitants did not forget their origin in any case, sincerely expressing their love and affection for the ancient Diocese, when in fact they celebrate the third millennium as the founding of their city with magnificent celebrations, and they invited the Mayor of Phocaea of Marseille. The younger inhabitants of Phocaea Asia Minor were sailors but at the same time cultivated the rich land of their region. The main source of prosperity was the salt flats, the richest salt flats in the Mediterranean. P. and N. Fokaia were cities with a Greek population for the most part, P. Fokea with 12,000 inhabitants, 9,000 Greeks and 3,000 Turks and N. Fokea with 7,500 inhabitants, 6,500 Greeks and 1,000 Turks. Here, people spoke only Greek, even the Turks. It had schools, churches and many chapels. The metropolitan church was Agia Irini. Another large church was Agia Triada, Agios Nikolaos and Agios Konstantinos to the north. The church of the Holy Trinity was built by the workers of the saltworks, holding a grand 7-day festival there where local musicians played violins, oud, santouri, organ (lantern), drums.
It was said to be a good life ruined by the Turks in June 1914. The archaeologist Sartio writes: "Her rich nobles left the cities barefoot because these shoes had also been removed. Unheard of sacrileges were committed in the temples". Mansier of the team of archaeologists says: "At night the city was looted. We are told a woman is on the verge of death because she was raped by 17 Turks. A total of 81 people were killed, including 17 women, so that with their own eyes, in the most barbaric times, all the characteristics of the destruction of a city, namely: theft, looting, arson, murder and disgrace of women."About a thousand inhabitants landed on fishing boats and sailed from Phocaea to Mytilene. Others landed on a large French sailboat loading salt from the port of Foca.
El. Iliopoulos, Consul General of England, who arrived in the city two days after its evacuation, was informed that in the canteens of the city butchers were hung pieces of human meat with "G" meatballs - that is, Greek meat. But the catastrophe was complete in 1922. More than 1,500,000 Greeks of ecumenical Greece were made by the order of Germany, the Greek division and the failed advance of King Constantine to the interior of Turkey, north of Turkish atrocity. Thus unpunished to today, Turkey carried out in the same century three genocides of different tribes of Central Asia, the Armenians, the Pontians and the Kurds.
The installation in Anavyssos.
Like all Hellenism in Central Asia, the Phocaeans fled to the nearest islands, Athens and Piraeus.
The late Ath. Papoutsis gave the following information on 20/2/1960 to Mr. Ap. "Proteus" and with elections elected Mr. Vassilis Tsouros, military doctor, Panagiotis Zinane, infantry officer, Ath. A. Papoutsis, Evagg. Pouloudas, Anastasios Ananidis and Ioannis Staveras, one of his goals being to choose an area for installation: "We went to Kassandra, Halkidiki, with a week's hassle. But it was far from Athens and the place was uninhabited. We left disappointed, we are Papoutsis Ath, Metalikis A. and X iotis N. We started looking for the installation of Anavyssos."
In Anavyssos, there were salt pans that a company had, recruiting people who knew better about salt production. Finding Christoulis Karapiperis an excellent craftsman, the took a team of 20-25 patriots who all worked. After the first year they had 2,000 tons more salt, the company so pleased it asked asked to hire all the Phocaeans that existed, electing a committee of Hatzis Karpouzis, Ioannis Dede, Ath. Papoutsis to take care of the installation.
At that time Athens - Lavrio had a train. The committee took the train and left Keratea. From there, Anavyssos walked down to the salt pans to see the place and the estates belonging to Petraki Monastery, where everyone could settle, then uninhabited with only one small church, Agios Georgios.
Later asking the Ministry of Agriculture for permission to settle in Anavyssos, they were refused because the area was intended for a team from Aretsou, Constantinople. Finally, on October 15, 1920, by order of the Ministry of Welfare and a boat, they reached the salt pans and stayed in 50 tents. In 10 days other families arrived by boat and took 100 tents, the tented area owned by relatives from Kalivia.
The new settlers went to the Minister and asked him to make a statement in the newspapers, that the Phocaeans will settle in Anavyssos because they are salt bars that produce salt, the statement read in the villages and stopped the settlement's current accounting. The families had come from Chalkida, Volos, Crete, went to Piraeus for work, others made charcoal and many worked in the saltworks. But as soon as the second winter came and they saw that the restoration was not taking place, a few were forced to leave for Piraeus and Athens. With no trees or water on the beach of Anavyssos, they lived from the saltworks and were given tools to immediately open a well. Unfortunately, from October 1924 to March 1926 they remained in tents, 19 months of agony. Every three months they had changes of government, and of the 160 original families, only 90 remained.
In March 1926, Pangalos ordered the arrival of the topographic service of the Ministry of Agriculture to define the settlement. He took 7,500 acres from the Petraki Monastery, 1,000 acres from the Logothetis estate, 400 acres from the area of Agios Georgios, yet they still did not have a church. Mr. Beis had set up 20 shacks for the settlers, the settlers taking materials from these to build their church.
Their President, "Garyfalos Papoutsis, came and we asked him and he sent us 100,000 and we started to build the school. We all helped together and the contractor who built it did not get a single drachma. He was a good man, his name was Hermes Philip. The school was built in 1932. For 4 years we paid a teacher to send the children to school." In 1947, Palaia Fokaia became a Community.
Contemporary History.
The first years of the exile, among the other difficulties faced by the refugees, was their non-acceptance by the Greeks of Metropolitan Greece.
The area of P. Fokea - Anavyssos was uninhabited, owned mainly by the Petraki monastery and also rented by the inhabitants and cattle breeders of the surrounding villages for grazing or cultivation. The settlement of the refugees brought several disputes between them, but their cohabitation and acquaintance resulted in mutual respect, acceptance, friendship with good cooperation, coexistence, prestige. Indeed, from the pre-war era, the nomadic cattle breeders began to settle permanently and to add vitality to the life of the village with their strength and hard work. In fact, after 1947, when it became a Community, the life of the village entered an upward course with important infrastructure projects carried out.
In 1954-55 the town's main road opened and connected the village with urban centers, leading to developments in tourism and an increasing population.
.
- from web.archive.org/web/20020806012444/http://www.attikos.gr/...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
(+) An 18-year Journey, in Poetry and Image:
.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur.
The santur (سنتور – also santūr, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. It is a trapezoid-shaped box often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The name means one hundred strings in Persian. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of approximately three octaves. The right-hand strings are made of brass, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.Two rows of 9 articles called "Kharak" (Totally 18 kharaks) divide Santur into three positions and each lead four unitone strings to the right and left side of the instrument . Each note comes three times in three positions [making (9*3) 27 tones all together] and doubles in frequency going to the left . As four notes are repeated in tonation we have only 23 tones in Santur. The Santur is primarily tuned a variety of different diatonic scales which utilizes 1/4 tones or semi-tones. There are 12 modes of Persian classical music which is known as a Dastgah (mode). Each Dastgah has its own tuning and character which derives from the different parts of Iran (Persia) which dates back thousands of years and was only preserved thru performance until the late Ostad Abol Hassan Saba who notated and categorized 3500 years of Persian music into the "Radif of Saba" (12 Dastgahs).
==Derivations==
Many instruments around the world at least in part derive from the santur. Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like Armenia, Turkey, and Iraq for centuries. The Indian [[santoor]] is thicker, more rectangular, and can have more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently. The Chinese [[yangqin]] may have originated from the Persian santur. The [[Roma (people)|Roma people]] introduced a derivative of the santur called the [[cymbalum]] to Eastern Europe, which in turn likely led to the development of the [[clavichord]] and the [[piano]]. The [[Greeks|Greek]] [[santouri]] is also derived from the santur, and in Nikos Kazantzakis' classic novel ''[[Zorba the Greek]]'' Zorba plays the santouri.
===History===
Ancient Assyrian and Babylonian illustrations depict santurs. [http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx]
Notable Persian santur players
* Ostad Abol-Hassan Sabâ
* Ostad Manoochehr Sadeghi
* Ostad Faramarz-e Payvar
* Ostad Faramarz Heydari
* Ostad Parviz Meshkatian
* Ostad Majid Kiani
* Ostad Mirza Ali Akbar Shâhi
* Hasan Khân
* Ostad Habib Soma'i
* Hoseyn Malek
* Rezâ Varzandeh
* Mansur Sâremi
* Djalal Akhbari
* Omid Tahmasebpur
* Ostad Arfa Atrai
* Dariush Saghafi
* Afshin Max Sadeghi
* ostad Ardavan Kamkar
* Pashang Kamkar
* Behnam Manahedji
* Kazem Davoudian
* Reza Shafian
* Kourosh Zolani
* Pooyan Nassehpoor
* Ali Tahriri
* Edward A. M. Gloeggler iv
Notable Iraqi santur players
* Amir ElSaffar
* Hugi Pataw
* Mohamed Zaki Darwish
==External links==
*[http://www.santur.com Santur.com]
*[http://www.luth.org/downloads/AL92/naini.htm Santur introduction in American Lutherie magazine]
*[http://www.santoori.com Info about Persian musicians and santur]
*[http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur]
*[http://www.turkmusikisi.com/calgilar/santur Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)]
*[http://kereshmeh.com/view_instrument.php?id=santur Santur]
(+) a 15-year Journey: www.flickr.com/photos/midea_foto/albums
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"Impressionist" (low-resolution), inland images taken on a remedial digital tablet amidst a New Year's Day winter stay in Παλαιά Φώκαια (Palaia Fokaia), between some months in Κυψέλη (Kipséli) and a week in the Παλαιό Φάληρο (Palaio Faliro) area of Athens proper, before departing for Italy - 1-8 January, 2020.
Palaia Fokaia (Παλαιά Φώκαια, "Old Phocaea") is a seaside town in East Attica, Greece, located on the Saronic Gulf coast between Sounio and Anavyssos in the southeastern part of the Attica peninsula, and is part of the greater Athens metropolitan area. Since 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Saronikos, of which it is a municipal unit with an area of 22.944 km2 and a population of 3,436. The community of Palaia Fokaia includes the settlements: Thymari - Agia Fotini, Katafygi and the Settlement of the Agricultural Bank of Greece. There are low mountains south and east of the town. It lies 2 km south of Anavyssos, 9 km west of Lavrio and 36 km southeast of Athens centre. Greek National Road 91 (Athens - Sounio) passes through the town. The municipal unit includes the village of Thymari and the small, rocky and deforested island of Patroklos, which is uninhabited.
The settlement of Palaia Fokea was created in the 1920s as a settlement of refugees from the Phocaea of Asia Minor, named Palaia Fokaia and not "Nea" as is customary in refugee settlements. In 1250 AD, inhabitants of Fokaia founded a new village 9 km north of Fokaia, which was named Nea Fokaia. In the following years, the settlement that was located in the ancient site was named Palaia Fokaia to distinguish it from the newer one. The refugees who settled in the area of Anavyssos and came from Palaia Fokaia, did not give the settlement they founded the name Nea Fokaia because there was another village in Asia Minor with the namesake. Thus the new settlement retained the name "Palaia Fokaia", which was the name of their particular homeland. The settlement was initially included in the community of Kalivia Thorikou, while from 1947 it was a separate community, and recognized within the borders of the community in 1971 and the settlement of Thymari. The community of Palaia Fokaia occupied an area of 23 sq.km. and had a population of 2,051 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census. In 2011, it was abolished with the implementation of the Kallikratis program, joining the new municipality of Saronikos.
. . .
Ancient History.
Palea Fokea is a city built in the northwest part of the Asia Minor peninsula. It was founded in the 8th BC century by settlers of Fokida led by the Athenian Philogenes. Its inhabitants were adventurous sailors and were the first to build "five-masted ships", light ships with fifty oars, the city being one of the 12 Ionian cities and its merchant navy competing with the Phoenician navy. They gained wealth and power through trade and founded many colonies.
The Fokians were the first to travel by ship to Gibraltar and built trading posts in many parts of the Mediterranean. From the 7th century BC began to establish colonies, the most important being: Lampsakos on the shores of the Hellespont, Elea in lower Italy, Alar in 565 BC with a very large port in Corsica, and Tartisos off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Another important one is Marseille in 600 BC, which founded new colonies such as Nicaea (C Κυte d'Azur), Olivia (Coast of the Mountains). From Marseilles the letters spread to neighboring peoples and the Phocaeans became the first civilization in the west before the Romans. When in 540 BC, they were conquered by the Persians, they boarded their ships and asked to buy Oinousses, islands of Chios to settle. The Chians, however, refused and so left for their other colonies.
Phocaea also minted the Phocaean stator as a gold coin. Its bay was divided into two ports, the Naval Station (large shore) and Lampitra (Small shore).
Pytheas, a great Greek seafarer, the first to see the glaciers of the B. Ocean, came from Marseilles.
1914-1922 Planning and Execution of Persecutions.
Central Asia was the largest part of ecumenical Greece, being 530,000 sq.km., while metropolitan Greece is 130,000 sq.km. So when Greece lost it in 1453 and in 1922 with the persecutions, it lost its economic power and shrank by four-fifths its size and financial strength.
In 1915 Greece, division raged again (1915), Venizelos resigns for the second time, and the central powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary) defeat.
Young Turks believe that their big day has arrived. The German military finds in the face of the neo-Turks the ruthless executor of the most barbaric measures, the recruitment of the Christian population, joining the infamous labor battalions, the displacement of the coastal population, measures of the Turks re-signed by the German general Liman von Sanders. The reason for this anti-Greek attitude was that Turkey was a large and easy-going Asian country - booty for all forms of exploitation. Its geographical location, Mosul's oils and navigation were its targets. These efforts confronted the Greek presence that for centuries held the reins of all economic sectors and especially shipping.
On May 14, 1914, the Minister of Interior of Turkey, Talat, sent a telegram to the Commander-in-Chief of Izmir: "..... It is urgent for political reasons to force the Greeks living on the shores of Central Asia to evacuate their villages and settle in the provinces of Erzurum and others. If they refuse to be transported to the indicated places, you will be pleased to see oral instructions to our Muslim brothers, as for all kinds of deviants force the Greeks to expatriate themselves at will. 'Do not forget to obtain in this case from these immigrants a certificate confirming that they are leaving the hearths of their own initiative so that no political issues arise.'" The plan of the diversions, that is, massacres and persecutions, was implemented in the most brutal and inhuman way by the Turks, the test starting from Palea and Nea Fokea.
Documented by French archaeologist Sartio and the team of Mansier, Carlier and Dandrias, Sartio came from Marseilles and made archeological excavations at that time. In his book "The looting of Phocaea and the expulsion of the Ottoman Greeks of Central Asia" and Mansier in his description, "The last days of Phocaea" plot the massacre and persecution of its inhabitants.
In a document of the Austrian embassy (April 3, 1917): "The Grand Vizier and Foreign Minister asked me and the German ambassador to let our governments know that military reasons of paramount importance are forcing the Turkish government to displace from Ayvalik and its environs, a population of 10 to 15,000 Greeks. The Turkish government has stated that General Liman von Sanders insists on the implementation of this measure. 'Residents should leave their homes within a certain period of time, but they are free to choose the place of their new residence inland.'" The continuation of the document is more revealing, "Under these circumstances, I FORCED the Turkish Ministry of War, where Ember Pasha, as well as the government, resisted the execution of the aforementioned measures."
And then the catastrophe of 1922.
Recent History.
Founded by Phocaea, Marseille's inhabitants did not forget their origin in any case, sincerely expressing their love and affection for the ancient Diocese, when in fact they celebrate the third millennium as the founding of their city with magnificent celebrations, and they invited the Mayor of Phocaea of Marseille. The younger inhabitants of Phocaea Asia Minor were sailors but at the same time cultivated the rich land of their region. The main source of prosperity was the salt flats, the richest salt flats in the Mediterranean. P. and N. Fokaia were cities with a Greek population for the most part, P. Fokea with 12,000 inhabitants, 9,000 Greeks and 3,000 Turks and N. Fokea with 7,500 inhabitants, 6,500 Greeks and 1,000 Turks. Here, people spoke only Greek, even the Turks. It had schools, churches and many chapels. The metropolitan church was Agia Irini. Another large church was Agia Triada, Agios Nikolaos and Agios Konstantinos to the north. The church of the Holy Trinity was built by the workers of the saltworks, holding a grand 7-day festival there where local musicians played violins, oud, santouri, organ (lantern), drums.
It was said to be a good life ruined by the Turks in June 1914. The archaeologist Sartio writes: "Her rich nobles left the cities barefoot because these shoes had also been removed. Unheard of sacrileges were committed in the temples". Mansier of the team of archaeologists says: "At night the city was looted. We are told a woman is on the verge of death because she was raped by 17 Turks. A total of 81 people were killed, including 17 women, so that with their own eyes, in the most barbaric times, all the characteristics of the destruction of a city, namely: theft, looting, arson, murder and disgrace of women."About a thousand inhabitants landed on fishing boats and sailed from Phocaea to Mytilene. Others landed on a large French sailboat loading salt from the port of Foca.
El. Iliopoulos, Consul General of England, who arrived in the city two days after its evacuation, was informed that in the canteens of the city butchers were hung pieces of human meat with "G" meatballs - that is, Greek meat. But the catastrophe was complete in 1922. More than 1,500,000 Greeks of ecumenical Greece were made by the order of Germany, the Greek division and the failed advance of King Constantine to the interior of Turkey, north of Turkish atrocity. Thus unpunished to today, Turkey carried out in the same century three genocides of different tribes of Central Asia, the Armenians, the Pontians and the Kurds.
The installation in Anavyssos.
Like all Hellenism in Central Asia, the Phocaeans fled to the nearest islands, Athens and Piraeus.
The late Ath. Papoutsis gave the following information on 20/2/1960 to Mr. Ap. "Proteus" and with elections elected Mr. Vassilis Tsouros, military doctor, Panagiotis Zinane, infantry officer, Ath. A. Papoutsis, Evagg. Pouloudas, Anastasios Ananidis and Ioannis Staveras, one of his goals being to choose an area for installation: "We went to Kassandra, Halkidiki, with a week's hassle. But it was far from Athens and the place was uninhabited. We left disappointed, we are Papoutsis Ath, Metalikis A. and X iotis N. We started looking for the installation of Anavyssos."
In Anavyssos, there were salt pans that a company had, recruiting people who knew better about salt production. Finding Christoulis Karapiperis an excellent craftsman, the took a team of 20-25 patriots who all worked. After the first year they had 2,000 tons more salt, the company so pleased it asked asked to hire all the Phocaeans that existed, electing a committee of Hatzis Karpouzis, Ioannis Dede, Ath. Papoutsis to take care of the installation.
At that time Athens - Lavrio had a train. The committee took the train and left Keratea. From there, Anavyssos walked down to the salt pans to see the place and the estates belonging to Petraki Monastery, where everyone could settle, then uninhabited with only one small church, Agios Georgios.
Later asking the Ministry of Agriculture for permission to settle in Anavyssos, they were refused because the area was intended for a team from Aretsou, Constantinople. Finally, on October 15, 1920, by order of the Ministry of Welfare and a boat, they reached the salt pans and stayed in 50 tents. In 10 days other families arrived by boat and took 100 tents, the tented area owned by relatives from Kalivia.
The new settlers went to the Minister and asked him to make a statement in the newspapers, that the Phocaeans will settle in Anavyssos because they are salt bars that produce salt, the statement read in the villages and stopped the settlement's current accounting. The families had come from Chalkida, Volos, Crete, went to Piraeus for work, others made charcoal and many worked in the saltworks. But as soon as the second winter came and they saw that the restoration was not taking place, a few were forced to leave for Piraeus and Athens. With no trees or water on the beach of Anavyssos, they lived from the saltworks and were given tools to immediately open a well. Unfortunately, from October 1924 to March 1926 they remained in tents, 19 months of agony. Every three months they had changes of government, and of the 160 original families, only 90 remained.
In March 1926, Pangalos ordered the arrival of the topographic service of the Ministry of Agriculture to define the settlement. He took 7,500 acres from the Petraki Monastery, 1,000 acres from the Logothetis estate, 400 acres from the area of Agios Georgios, yet they still did not have a church. Mr. Beis had set up 20 shacks for the settlers, the settlers taking materials from these to build their church.
Their President, "Garyfalos Papoutsis, came and we asked him and he sent us 100,000 and we started to build the school. We all helped together and the contractor who built it did not get a single drachma. He was a good man, his name was Hermes Philip. The school was built in 1932. For 4 years we paid a teacher to send the children to school." In 1947, Palaia Fokaia became a Community.
Contemporary History.
The first years of the exile, among the other difficulties faced by the refugees, was their non-acceptance by the Greeks of Metropolitan Greece.
The area of P. Fokea - Anavyssos was uninhabited, owned mainly by the Petraki monastery and also rented by the inhabitants and cattle breeders of the surrounding villages for grazing or cultivation. The settlement of the refugees brought several disputes between them, but their cohabitation and acquaintance resulted in mutual respect, acceptance, friendship with good cooperation, coexistence, prestige. Indeed, from the pre-war era, the nomadic cattle breeders began to settle permanently and to add vitality to the life of the village with their strength and hard work. In fact, after 1947, when it became a Community, the life of the village entered an upward course with important infrastructure projects carried out.
In 1954-55 the town's main road opened and connected the village with urban centers, leading to developments in tourism and an increasing population.
.
- from web.archive.org/web/20020806012444/http://www.attikos.gr/...
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(+) An 18-year Journey, in Poetry and Image:
.
Happy birthday to Golshifteh Farahani
Golshifteh Farahani was born on 10 July 1983 in Tehran, the daughter of actor/theater director Behzad Farahani and Fahime Rahiminia and sister of actress Shaghayegh Farahani. She started studying music and playing the piano at age of five. At 12, she entered a music school in Tehran. At 14, Golshifteh was cast as the lead in Dariush Mehrjui's The Pear Tree for which she won the Crystal Roc for Best Actress from the International Section of the 16th Fajr International Film Festival in Tehran.
Since then she has acted in 20 films, many of which have received international awards. For Boutique she won the Best Actress award from the 26th Nantes Three Continents Festival (France). In recent years she has acted in movies by some of Iran's best directors: Dariush Mehrjui's controversial film Santouri (The Santoor Player) and Bahman Ghobadi's Half Moon (winner of the Golden Shell at the 2006 San Sebastian Film Festival), the late Rasool Mollagholipoor's M for Mother (Iran's nominee for the 2008 Academy Awards for the Best Foreign Language Film category) for which she won the special prize by the jury for the Best Actress from the 37th Roshd International Film Festival which was held in Tehran in 2007 and Asghar Farhadi's "About Elly" (Silver Bear for Best Director from Berlin Film festival and Best film from Tribeca Film festival). Golshifteh is highly involved in environmental activities and has also become the ambassador for fighting tuberculosis in Iran.[1] Subsequent to her involvement in the U.S. film Body of Lies, she reportedly had been prevented by Iranian authorities from leaving Iran, but this was denied by her colleagues and she later appeared at the Body of Lies premiere in the U.S.[3] As her last acting experience in Iran, she appeared in About Elly directed by Asghar Farhadi. The film has been selected at the Tribeca Film Festival and won a Silver Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival.[4] She now lives in Paris, France with her husband Amin Mahdavi. In Iran, Golshifteh was part of an underground rock band named "Kooch Neshin" (Nomads) which won the 2nd Tehran Avenue underground rock competition. Since leaving Iran, Golshifteh has been able to continue her music career as well. She has teamed up with another exiled Iranian musician Mohsen Namjoo. Their new album Oy was released in October 2009. They have also started an international tour with 2 concerts in Italy. Since Golshifteh moved to Paris she has been working with directors Roland Joffe, Hiner Saleem and Marjan Satrapi. She has also been a member of the international jury at the 63rd Locarno Film Festival.
Her upcoming movie is Rumi's Kimia, a film in development which is directed by Dariush Mehrjui starring Golshifteh Farahani and based on a novel.
[edit]Exile from Iran
In January 2012, Golshifteh was banned from returning to her homeland after posing nude for the César Award's video for Most Promising Actors category. Britain's Daily Telegraph reported that government officials told Farahani, 28, that "Iran does not need any actors or artists. You may offer your artistic services somewhere else." The picture on her Facebook page garnered over 14,000 likes and 1,500 shares, initiating a debate on the role of women in Iranian society. She also appeared topless in a short black-and-white film by Jean-Baptiste Mondino, called Corps et Âmes, or Bodies and Souls.
(+) www.flickr.com/photos/midea_foto/albums
. . . . . .
"Impressionist" (low-resolution), inland images taken on a remedial digital tablet amidst a New Year winter stay in Παλαιά Φώκαια (Palaia Fokaia), between some months in Κυψέλη (Kipséli) and a week in the Παλαιό Φάληρο (Palaio Faliro) area of Athens proper, before departing for Italy - 1-8 January, 2020.
Palaia Fokaia (Παλαιά Φώκαια, "Old Phocaea") is a seaside town in East Attica, Greece, located on the Saronic Gulf coast between Sounio and Anavyssos in the southeastern part of the Attica peninsula, and is part of the greater Athens metropolitan area. Since 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Saronikos, of which it is a municipal unit with an area of 22.944 km2 and a population of 3,436. The community of Palaia Fokaia includes the settlements: Thymari - Agia Fotini, Katafygi and the Settlement of the Agricultural Bank of Greece. There are low mountains south and east of the town. It lies 2 km south of Anavyssos, 9 km west of Lavrio and 36 km southeast of Athens centre. Greek National Road 91 (Athens - Sounio) passes through the town. The municipal unit includes the village of Thymari and the small, rocky and deforested island of Patroklos, which is uninhabited.
The settlement of Palaia Fokea was created in the 1920s as a settlement of refugees from the Phocaea of Asia Minor, named Palaia Fokaia and not "Nea" as is customary in refugee settlements. In 1250 AD, inhabitants of Fokaia founded a new village 9 km north of Fokaia, which was named Nea Fokaia. In the following years, the settlement that was located in the ancient site was named Palaia Fokaia to distinguish it from the newer one. The refugees who settled in the area of Anavyssos and came from Palaia Fokaia, did not give the settlement they founded the name Nea Fokaia because there was another village in Asia Minor with the namesake. Thus the new settlement retained the name "Palaia Fokaia", which was the name of their particular homeland. The settlement was initially included in the community of Kalivia Thorikou, while from 1947 it was a separate community, and recognized within the borders of the community in 1971 and the settlement of Thymari. The community of Palaia Fokaia occupied an area of 23 sq.km. and had a population of 2,051 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census. In 2011, it was abolished with the implementation of the Kallikratis program, joining the new municipality of Saronikos.
. . .
Ancient History.
Palea Fokea is a city built in the northwest part of the Asia Minor peninsula. It was founded in the 8th BC century by settlers of Fokida led by the Athenian Philogenes. Its inhabitants were adventurous sailors and were the first to build "five-masted ships", light ships with fifty oars, the city being one of the 12 Ionian cities and its merchant navy competing with the Phoenician navy. They gained wealth and power through trade and founded many colonies.
The Fokians were the first to travel by ship to Gibraltar and built trading posts in many parts of the Mediterranean. From the 7th century BC began to establish colonies, the most important being: Lampsakos on the shores of the Hellespont, Elea in lower Italy, Alar in 565 BC with a very large port in Corsica, and Tartisos off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Another important one is Marseille in 600 BC, which founded new colonies such as Nicaea (C Κυte d'Azur), Olivia (Coast of the Mountains). From Marseilles the letters spread to neighboring peoples and the Phocaeans became the first civilization in the west before the Romans. When in 540 BC, they were conquered by the Persians, they boarded their ships and asked to buy Oinousses, islands of Chios to settle. The Chians, however, refused and so left for their other colonies.
Phocaea also minted the Phocaean stator as a gold coin. Its bay was divided into two ports, the Naval Station (large shore) and Lampitra (Small shore).
Pytheas, a great Greek seafarer, the first to see the glaciers of the B. Ocean, came from Marseilles.
1914-1922 Planning and Execution of Persecutions.
Central Asia was the largest part of ecumenical Greece, being 530,000 sq.km., while metropolitan Greece is 130,000 sq.km. So when Greece lost it in 1453 and in 1922 with the persecutions, it lost its economic power and shrank by four-fifths its size and financial strength.
In 1915 Greece, division raged again (1915), Venizelos resigns for the second time, and the central powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary) defeat.
Young Turks believe that their big day has arrived. The German military finds in the face of the neo-Turks the ruthless executor of the most barbaric measures, the recruitment of the Christian population, joining the infamous labor battalions, the displacement of the coastal population, measures of the Turks re-signed by the German general Liman von Sanders. The reason for this anti-Greek attitude was that Turkey was a large and easy-going Asian country - booty for all forms of exploitation. Its geographical location, Mosul's oils and navigation were its targets. These efforts confronted the Greek presence that for centuries held the reins of all economic sectors and especially shipping.
On May 14, 1914, the Minister of Interior of Turkey, Talat, sent a telegram to the Commander-in-Chief of Izmir: "..... It is urgent for political reasons to force the Greeks living on the shores of Central Asia to evacuate their villages and settle in the provinces of Erzurum and others. If they refuse to be transported to the indicated places, you will be pleased to see oral instructions to our Muslim brothers, as for all kinds of deviants force the Greeks to expatriate themselves at will. 'Do not forget to obtain in this case from these immigrants a certificate confirming that they are leaving the hearths of their own initiative so that no political issues arise.'" The plan of the diversions, that is, massacres and persecutions, was implemented in the most brutal and inhuman way by the Turks, the test starting from Palea and Nea Fokea.
Documented by French archaeologist Sartio and the team of Mansier, Carlier and Dandrias, Sartio came from Marseilles and made archeological excavations at that time. In his book "The looting of Phocaea and the expulsion of the Ottoman Greeks of Central Asia" and Mansier in his description, "The last days of Phocaea" plot the massacre and persecution of its inhabitants.
In a document of the Austrian embassy (April 3, 1917): "The Grand Vizier and Foreign Minister asked me and the German ambassador to let our governments know that military reasons of paramount importance are forcing the Turkish government to displace from Ayvalik and its environs, a population of 10 to 15,000 Greeks. The Turkish government has stated that General Liman von Sanders insists on the implementation of this measure. 'Residents should leave their homes within a certain period of time, but they are free to choose the place of their new residence inland.'" The continuation of the document is more revealing, "Under these circumstances, I FORCED the Turkish Ministry of War, where Ember Pasha, as well as the government, resisted the execution of the aforementioned measures."
And then the catastrophe of 1922.
Recent History.
Founded by Phocaea, Marseille's inhabitants did not forget their origin in any case, sincerely expressing their love and affection for the ancient Diocese, when in fact they celebrate the third millennium as the founding of their city with magnificent celebrations, and they invited the Mayor of Phocaea of Marseille. The younger inhabitants of Phocaea Asia Minor were sailors but at the same time cultivated the rich land of their region. The main source of prosperity was the salt flats, the richest salt flats in the Mediterranean. P. and N. Fokaia were cities with a Greek population for the most part, P. Fokea with 12,000 inhabitants, 9,000 Greeks and 3,000 Turks and N. Fokea with 7,500 inhabitants, 6,500 Greeks and 1,000 Turks. Here, people spoke only Greek, even the Turks. It had schools, churches and many chapels. The metropolitan church was Agia Irini. Another large church was Agia Triada, Agios Nikolaos and Agios Konstantinos to the north. The church of the Holy Trinity was built by the workers of the saltworks, holding a grand 7-day festival there where local musicians played violins, oud, santouri, organ (lantern), drums.
It was said to be a good life ruined by the Turks in June 1914. The archaeologist Sartio writes: "Her rich nobles left the cities barefoot because these shoes had also been removed. Unheard of sacrileges were committed in the temples". Mansier of the team of archaeologists says: "At night the city was looted. We are told a woman is on the verge of death because she was raped by 17 Turks. A total of 81 people were killed, including 17 women, so that with their own eyes, in the most barbaric times, all the characteristics of the destruction of a city, namely: theft, looting, arson, murder and disgrace of women."About a thousand inhabitants landed on fishing boats and sailed from Phocaea to Mytilene. Others landed on a large French sailboat loading salt from the port of Foca.
El. Iliopoulos, Consul General of England, who arrived in the city two days after its evacuation, was informed that in the canteens of the city butchers were hung pieces of human meat with "G" meatballs - that is, Greek meat. But the catastrophe was complete in 1922. More than 1,500,000 Greeks of ecumenical Greece were made by the order of Germany, the Greek division and the failed advance of King Constantine to the interior of Turkey, north of Turkish atrocity. Thus unpunished to today, Turkey carried out in the same century three genocides of different tribes of Central Asia, the Armenians, the Pontians and the Kurds.
The installation in Anavyssos.
Like all Hellenism in Central Asia, the Phocaeans fled to the nearest islands, Athens and Piraeus.
The late Ath. Papoutsis gave the following information on 20/2/1960 to Mr. Ap. "Proteus" and with elections elected Mr. Vassilis Tsouros, military doctor, Panagiotis Zinane, infantry officer, Ath. A. Papoutsis, Evagg. Pouloudas, Anastasios Ananidis and Ioannis Staveras, one of his goals being to choose an area for installation: "We went to Kassandra, Halkidiki, with a week's hassle. But it was far from Athens and the place was uninhabited. We left disappointed, we are Papoutsis Ath, Metalikis A. and X iotis N. We started looking for the installation of Anavyssos."
In Anavyssos, there were salt pans that a company had, recruiting people who knew better about salt production. Finding Christoulis Karapiperis an excellent craftsman, the took a team of 20-25 patriots who all worked. After the first year they had 2,000 tons more salt, the company so pleased it asked asked to hire all the Phocaeans that existed, electing a committee of Hatzis Karpouzis, Ioannis Dede, Ath. Papoutsis to take care of the installation.
At that time Athens - Lavrio had a train. The committee took the train and left Keratea. From there, Anavyssos walked down to the salt pans to see the place and the estates belonging to Petraki Monastery, where everyone could settle, then uninhabited with only one small church, Agios Georgios.
Later asking the Ministry of Agriculture for permission to settle in Anavyssos, they were refused because the area was intended for a team from Aretsou, Constantinople. Finally, on October 15, 1920, by order of the Ministry of Welfare and a boat, they reached the salt pans and stayed in 50 tents. In 10 days other families arrived by boat and took 100 tents, the tented area owned by relatives from Kalivia.
The new settlers went to the Minister and asked him to make a statement in the newspapers, that the Phocaeans will settle in Anavyssos because they are salt bars that produce salt, the statement read in the villages and stopped the settlement's current accounting. The families had come from Chalkida, Volos, Crete, went to Piraeus for work, others made charcoal and many worked in the saltworks. But as soon as the second winter came and they saw that the restoration was not taking place, a few were forced to leave for Piraeus and Athens. With no trees or water on the beach of Anavyssos, they lived from the saltworks and were given tools to immediately open a well. Unfortunately, from October 1924 to March 1926 they remained in tents, 19 months of agony. Every three months they had changes of government, and of the 160 original families, only 90 remained.
In March 1926, Pangalos ordered the arrival of the topographic service of the Ministry of Agriculture to define the settlement. He took 7,500 acres from the Petraki Monastery, 1,000 acres from the Logothetis estate, 400 acres from the area of Agios Georgios, yet they still did not have a church. Mr. Beis had set up 20 shacks for the settlers, the settlers taking materials from these to build their church.
Their President, "Garyfalos Papoutsis, came and we asked him and he sent us 100,000 and we started to build the school. We all helped together and the contractor who built it did not get a single drachma. He was a good man, his name was Hermes Philip. The school was built in 1932. For 4 years we paid a teacher to send the children to school." In 1947, Palaia Fokaia became a Community.
Contemporary History.
The first years of the exile, among the other difficulties faced by the refugees, was their non-acceptance by the Greeks of Metropolitan Greece.
The area of P. Fokea - Anavyssos was uninhabited, owned mainly by the Petraki monastery and also rented by the inhabitants and cattle breeders of the surrounding villages for grazing or cultivation. The settlement of the refugees brought several disputes between them, but their cohabitation and acquaintance resulted in mutual respect, acceptance, friendship with good cooperation, coexistence, prestige. Indeed, from the pre-war era, the nomadic cattle breeders began to settle permanently and to add vitality to the life of the village with their strength and hard work. In fact, after 1947, when it became a Community, the life of the village entered an upward course with important infrastructure projects carried out.
In 1954-55 the town's main road opened and connected the village with urban centers, leading to developments in tourism and an increasing population.
.
- from web.archive.org/web/20020806012444/http://www.attikos.gr/...
(+) www.flickr.com/photos/midea_foto/albums
. . . . . .
"Impressionist" (low-resolution), inland images taken on a remedial digital tablet amidst a New Year winter stay in Παλαιά Φώκαια (Palaia Fokaia), between some months in Κυψέλη (Kipséli) and a week in the Παλαιό Φάληρο (Palaio Faliro) area of Athens proper, before departing for Italy - 1-8 January, 2020.
HISTORY OF PALAIA FOKAIA
Palaia Fokaia (Παλαιά Φώκαια, "Old Phocaea") is a seaside town in East Attica, Greece, located on the Saronic Gulf coast between Sounio and Anavyssos in the southeastern part of the Attica peninsula, and is part of the greater Athens metropolitan area. Since 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Saronikos, of which it is a municipal unit with an area of 22.944 km2 and a population of 3,436. The community of Palaia Fokaia includes the settlements: Thymari - Agia Fotini, Katafygi and the Settlement of the Agricultural Bank of Greece. There are low mountains south and east of the town. It lies 2 km south of Anavyssos, 9 km west of Lavrio and 36 km southeast of Athens centre. Greek National Road 91 (Athens - Sounio) passes through the town. The municipal unit includes the village of Thymari and the small, rocky and deforested island of Patroklos, which is uninhabited.
The settlement of was created in the 1920s as a settlement of refugees from the Phocaea of Asia Minor, named Palaia Fokaia and not "Nea" as is customary in refugee settlements. In 1250 AD, inhabitants of Fokaia founded a new village 9 km north of Fokaia, which was named Nea Fokaia. In the following years, the settlement that was located in the ancient site was named Palaia Fokaia to distinguish it from the newer one. The refugees who settled in the area of Anavyssos and came from Palaia Fokaia, did not give the settlement they founded the name Nea Fokaia because there was another village in Asia Minor with the namesake. Thus the new settlement retained the name "Palaia Fokaia", which was the name of their particular homeland. The settlement was initially included in the community of Kalivia Thorikou, while from 1947 it was a separate community, and recognized within the borders of the community in 1971 and the settlement of Thymari. The community of Palaia Fokaia occupied an area of 23 sq.km. and had a population of 2,051 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census. In 2011, it was abolished with the implementation of the Kallikratis program, joining the new municipality of Saronikos.
. . .
Ancient History.
Palea Fokea is a city built in the northwest part of the Asia Minor peninsula. It was founded in the 8th BC century by settlers of Fokida led by the Athenian Philogenes. Its inhabitants were adventurous sailors and were the first to build "five-masted ships", light ships with fifty oars, the city being one of the 12 Ionian cities and its merchant navy competing with the Phoenician navy. They gained wealth and power through trade and founded many colonies.
The Fokians were the first to travel by ship to Gibraltar and built trading posts in many parts of the Mediterranean. From the 7th century BC began to establish colonies, the most important being: Lampsakos on the shores of the Hellespont, Elea in lower Italy, Alar in 565 BC with a very large port in Corsica, and Tartisos off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Another important one is Marseille in 600 BC, which founded new colonies such as Nicaea (C Κυte d'Azur), Olivia (Coast of the Mountains). From Marseilles the letters spread to neighboring peoples and the Phocaeans became the first civilization in the west before the Romans. When in 540 BC, they were conquered by the Persians, they boarded their ships and asked to buy Oinousses, islands of Chios to settle. The Chians, however, refused and so left for their other colonies.
Phocaea also minted the Phocaean stator as a gold coin.
Its bay was divided into two ports, the Naval Station (large shore) and Lampitra (Small shore).
Pytheas, a great Greek seafarer, the first to see the glaciers of the B. Ocean, came from Marseilles.
1914-1922 Planning and Execution of Persecutions.
Central Asia was the largest part of ecumenical Greece, being 530,000 sq.km., while metropolitan Greece is 130,000 sq.km. So when Greece lost it in 1453 and in 1922 with the persecutions, it lost its economic power and shrank by four-fifths its size and financial strength.
In 1915 Greece, division raged again (1915), Venizelos resigns for the second time, and the central powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary) defeat.
Young Turks believe that their big day has arrived. The German military finds in the face of the neo-Turks the ruthless executor of the most barbaric measures, the recruitment of the Christian population, joining the infamous labor battalions, the displacement of the coastal population, measures of the Turks re-signed by the German general Liman von Sanders. The reason for this anti-Greek attitude was that Turkey was a large and easy-going Asian country - booty for all forms of exploitation. Its geographical location, Mosul's oils and navigation were its targets. These efforts confronted the Greek presence that for centuries held the reins of all economic sectors and especially shipping.
On May 14, 1914, the Minister of Interior of Turkey, Talat, sent a telegram to the Commander-in-Chief of Izmir: "..... It is urgent for political reasons to force the Greeks living on the shores of Central Asia to evacuate their villages and settle in the provinces of Erzurum and others. If they refuse to be transported to the indicated places, you will be pleased to see oral instructions to our Muslim brothers, as for all kinds of deviants force the Greeks to expatriate themselves at will. 'Do not forget to obtain in this case from these immigrants a certificate confirming that they are leaving the hearths of their own initiative so that no political issues arise.'" The plan of the diversions, that is, massacres and persecutions, was implemented in the most brutal and inhuman way by the Turks, the test starting from Palea and Nea Fokea.
Documented by French archaeologist Sartio and the team of Mansier, Carlier and Dandrias, Sartio came from Marseilles and made archeological excavations at that time. In his book "The looting of Phocaea and the expulsion of the Ottoman Greeks of Central Asia" and Mansier in his description, "The last days of Phocaea" plot the massacre and persecution of its inhabitants.
In a document of the Austrian embassy (April 3, 1917): "The Grand Vizier and Foreign Minister asked me and the German ambassador to let our governments know that military reasons of paramount importance are forcing the Turkish government to displace from Ayvalik and its environs, a population of 10 to 15,000 Greeks. The Turkish government has stated that General Liman von Sanders insists on the implementation of this measure. 'Residents should leave their homes within a certain period of time, but they are free to choose the place of their new residence inland.'" The continuation of the document is more revealing, "Under these circumstances, I FORCED the Turkish Ministry of War, where Ember Pasha, as well as the government, resisted the execution of the aforementioned measures."
And then the catastrophe of 1922.
Recent History.
Founded by Phocaea, Marseille's inhabitants did not forget their origin in any case, sincerely expressing their love and affection for the ancient Diocese, when in fact they celebrate the third millennium as the founding of their city with magnificent celebrations, and they invited the Mayor of Phocaea of Marseille. The younger inhabitants of Phocaea Asia Minor were sailors but at the same time cultivated the rich land of their region. The main source of prosperity was the salt flats, the richest salt flats in the Mediterranean. P. and N. Fokaia were cities with a Greek population for the most part, P. Fokea with 12,000 inhabitants, 9,000 Greeks and 3,000 Turks and N. Fokea with 7,500 inhabitants, 6,500 Greeks and 1,000 Turks. Here, people spoke only Greek, even the Turks. It had schools, churches and many chapels. The metropolitan church was Agia Irini. Another large church was Agia Triada, Agios Nikolaos and Agios Konstantinos to the north. The church of the Holy Trinity was built by the workers of the saltworks, holding a grand 7-day festival there where local musicians played violins, oud, santouri, organ (lantern), drums.
It was said to be a good life ruined by the Turks in June 1914. The archaeologist Sartio writes: "Her rich nobles left the cities barefoot because these shoes had also been removed. Unheard of sacrileges were committed in the temples". Mansier of the team of archaeologists says: "At night the city was looted. We are told a woman is on the verge of death because she was raped by 17 Turks. A total of 81 people were killed, including 17 women, so that with their own eyes, in the most barbaric times, all the characteristics of the destruction of a city, namely: theft, looting, arson, murder and disgrace of women."About a thousand inhabitants landed on fishing boats and sailed from Phocaea to Mytilene. Others landed on a large French sailboat loading salt from the port of Foca.
El. Iliopoulos, Consul General of England, who arrived in the city two days after its evacuation, was informed that in the canteens of the city butchers were hung pieces of human meat with "G" meatballs - that is, Greek meat. But the catastrophe was complete in 1922. More than 1,500,000 Greeks of ecumenical Greece were made by the order of Germany, the Greek division and the failed advance of King Constantine to the interior of Turkey, north of Turkish atrocity. Thus unpunished to today, Turkey carried out in the same century three genocides of different tribes of Central Asia, the Armenians, the Pontians and the Kurds.
The installation in Anavyssos.
Like all Hellenism in Central Asia, the Phocaeans fled to the nearest islands, Athens and Piraeus.
The late Ath. Papoutsis gave the following information on 20/2/1960 to Mr. Ap. "Proteus" and with elections elected Mr. Vassilis Tsouros, military doctor, Panagiotis Zinane, infantry officer, Ath. A. Papoutsis, Evagg. Pouloudas, Anastasios Ananidis and Ioannis Staveras, one of his goals being to choose an area for installation: "We went to Kassandra, Halkidiki, with a week's hassle. But it was far from Athens and the place was uninhabited. We left disappointed, we are Papoutsis Ath, Metalikis A. and X iotis N. We started looking for the installation of Anavyssos."
In Anavyssos, there were salt pans that a company had, recruiting people who knew better about salt production. Finding Christoulis Karapiperis an excellent craftsman, the took a team of 20-25 patriots who all worked. After the first year they had 2,000 tons more salt, the company so pleased it asked asked to hire all the Phocaeans that existed, electing a committee of Hatzis Karpouzis, Ioannis Dede, Ath. Papoutsis to take care of the installation.
At that time Athens - Lavrio had a train. The committee took the train and left Keratea. From there, Anavyssos walked down to the salt pans to see the place and the estates belonging to Petraki Monastery, where everyone could settle, then uninhabited with only one small church, Agios Georgios.
Later asking the Ministry of Agriculture for permission to settle in Anavyssos, they were refused because the area was intended for a team from Aretsou, Constantinople. Finally, on October 15, 1920, by order of the Ministry of Welfare and a boat, they reached the salt pans and stayed in 50 tents. In 10 days other families arrived by boat and took 100 tents, the tented area owned by relatives from Kalivia.
The new settlers went to the Minister and asked him to make a statement in the newspapers, that the Phocaeans will settle in Anavyssos because they are salt bars that produce salt, the statement read in the villages and stopped the settlement's current accounting. The families had come from Chalkida, Volos, Crete, went to Piraeus for work, others made charcoal and many worked in the saltworks. But as soon as the second winter came and they saw that the restoration was not taking place, a few were forced to leave for Piraeus and Athens. With no trees or water on the beach of Anavyssos, they lived from the saltworks and were given tools to immediately open a well. Unfortunately, from October 1924 to March 1926 they remained in tents, 19 months of agony. Every three months they had changes of government, and of the 160 original families, only 90 remained.
In March 1926, Pangalos ordered the arrival of the topographic service of the Ministry of Agriculture to define the settlement. He took 7,500 acres from the Petraki Monastery, 1,000 acres from the Logothetis estate, 400 acres from the area of Agios Georgios, yet they still did not have a church. Mr. Beis had set up 20 shacks for the settlers, the settlers taking materials from these to build their church.
Their President, "Garyfalos Papoutsis, came and we asked him and he sent us 100,000 and we started to build the school. We all helped together and the contractor who built it did not get a single drachma. He was a good man, his name was Hermes Philip. The school was built in 1932. For 4 years we paid a teacher to send the children to school." In 1947, Palaia Fokaia became a Community.
Contemporary History.
The first years of the exile, among the other difficulties faced by the refugees, was their non-acceptance by the Greeks of Metropolitan Greece.
The area of P. Fokea - Anavyssos was uninhabited, owned mainly by the Petraki monastery and also rented by the inhabitants and cattle breeders of the surrounding villages for grazing or cultivation. The settlement of the refugees brought several disputes between them, but their cohabitation and acquaintance resulted in mutual respect, acceptance, friendship with good cooperation, coexistence, prestige. Indeed, from the pre-war era, the nomadic cattle breeders began to settle permanently and to add vitality to the life of the village with their strength and hard work. In fact, after 1947, when it became a Community, the life of the village entered an upward course with important infrastructure projects carried out.
In 1954-55 the town's main road opened and connected the village with urban centers, leading to developments in tourism and an increasing population.
.
- from web.archive.org/web/20020806012444/http://www.attikos.gr/...
(+) www.flickr.com/photos/midea_foto/albums
. . . . . .
"Impressionist" (low-resolution), inland images taken on a remedial digital tablet amidst a New Year winter stay in Παλαιά Φώκαια (Palaia Fokaia), between some months in Κυψέλη (Kipséli) and a week in the Παλαιό Φάληρο (Palaio Faliro) area of Athens proper, before departing for Italy - 1-8 January, 2020.
Palaia Fokaia (Παλαιά Φώκαια, "Old Phocaea") is a seaside town in East Attica, Greece, located on the Saronic Gulf coast between Sounio and Anavyssos in the southeastern part of the Attica peninsula, and is part of the greater Athens metropolitan area. Since 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Saronikos, of which it is a municipal unit with an area of 22.944 km2 and a population of 3,436. The community of Palaia Fokaia includes the settlements: Thymari - Agia Fotini, Katafygi and the Settlement of the Agricultural Bank of Greece. There are low mountains south and east of the town. It lies 2 km south of Anavyssos, 9 km west of Lavrio and 36 km southeast of Athens centre. Greek National Road 91 (Athens - Sounio) passes through the town. The municipal unit includes the village of Thymari and the small, rocky and deforested island of Patroklos, which is uninhabited.
The settlement of Palaia Fokea was created in the 1920s as a settlement of refugees from the Phocaea of Asia Minor, named Palaia Fokaia and not "Nea" as is customary in refugee settlements. In 1250 AD, inhabitants of Fokaia founded a new village 9 km north of Fokaia, which was named Nea Fokaia. In the following years, the settlement that was located in the ancient site was named Palaia Fokaia to distinguish it from the newer one. The refugees who settled in the area of Anavyssos and came from Palaia Fokaia, did not give the settlement they founded the name Nea Fokaia because there was another village in Asia Minor with the namesake. Thus the new settlement retained the name "Palaia Fokaia", which was the name of their particular homeland. The settlement was initially included in the community of Kalivia Thorikou, while from 1947 it was a separate community, and recognized within the borders of the community in 1971 and the settlement of Thymari. The community of Palaia Fokaia occupied an area of 23 sq.km. and had a population of 2,051 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census. In 2011, it was abolished with the implementation of the Kallikratis program, joining the new municipality of Saronikos.
. . .
Ancient History.
Palea Fokea is a city built in the northwest part of the Asia Minor peninsula. It was founded in the 8th BC century by settlers of Fokida led by the Athenian Philogenes. Its inhabitants were adventurous sailors and were the first to build "five-masted ships", light ships with fifty oars, the city being one of the 12 Ionian cities and its merchant navy competing with the Phoenician navy. They gained wealth and power through trade and founded many colonies.
The Fokians were the first to travel by ship to Gibraltar and built trading posts in many parts of the Mediterranean. From the 7th century BC began to establish colonies, the most important being: Lampsakos on the shores of the Hellespont, Elea in lower Italy, Alar in 565 BC with a very large port in Corsica, and Tartisos off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Another important one is Marseille in 600 BC, which founded new colonies such as Nicaea (C Κυte d'Azur), Olivia (Coast of the Mountains). From Marseilles the letters spread to neighboring peoples and the Phocaeans became the first civilization in the west before the Romans. When in 540 BC, they were conquered by the Persians, they boarded their ships and asked to buy Oinousses, islands of Chios to settle. The Chians, however, refused and so left for their other colonies.
Phocaea also minted the Phocaean stator as a gold coin. Its bay was divided into two ports, the Naval Station (large shore) and Lampitra (Small shore).
Pytheas, a great Greek seafarer, the first to see the glaciers of the B. Ocean, came from Marseilles.
1914-1922 Planning and Execution of Persecutions.
Central Asia was the largest part of ecumenical Greece, being 530,000 sq.km., while metropolitan Greece is 130,000 sq.km. So when Greece lost it in 1453 and in 1922 with the persecutions, it lost its economic power and shrank by four-fifths its size and financial strength.
In 1915 Greece, division raged again (1915), Venizelos resigns for the second time, and the central powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary) defeat.
Young Turks believe that their big day has arrived. The German military finds in the face of the neo-Turks the ruthless executor of the most barbaric measures, the recruitment of the Christian population, joining the infamous labor battalions, the displacement of the coastal population, measures of the Turks re-signed by the German general Liman von Sanders. The reason for this anti-Greek attitude was that Turkey was a large and easy-going Asian country - booty for all forms of exploitation. Its geographical location, Mosul's oils and navigation were its targets. These efforts confronted the Greek presence that for centuries held the reins of all economic sectors and especially shipping.
On May 14, 1914, the Minister of Interior of Turkey, Talat, sent a telegram to the Commander-in-Chief of Izmir: "..... It is urgent for political reasons to force the Greeks living on the shores of Central Asia to evacuate their villages and settle in the provinces of Erzurum and others. If they refuse to be transported to the indicated places, you will be pleased to see oral instructions to our Muslim brothers, as for all kinds of deviants force the Greeks to expatriate themselves at will. 'Do not forget to obtain in this case from these immigrants a certificate confirming that they are leaving the hearths of their own initiative so that no political issues arise.'" The plan of the diversions, that is, massacres and persecutions, was implemented in the most brutal and inhuman way by the Turks, the test starting from Palea and Nea Fokea.
Documented by French archaeologist Sartio and the team of Mansier, Carlier and Dandrias, Sartio came from Marseilles and made archeological excavations at that time. In his book "The looting of Phocaea and the expulsion of the Ottoman Greeks of Central Asia" and Mansier in his description, "The last days of Phocaea" plot the massacre and persecution of its inhabitants.
In a document of the Austrian embassy (April 3, 1917): "The Grand Vizier and Foreign Minister asked me and the German ambassador to let our governments know that military reasons of paramount importance are forcing the Turkish government to displace from Ayvalik and its environs, a population of 10 to 15,000 Greeks. The Turkish government has stated that General Liman von Sanders insists on the implementation of this measure. 'Residents should leave their homes within a certain period of time, but they are free to choose the place of their new residence inland.'" The continuation of the document is more revealing, "Under these circumstances, I FORCED the Turkish Ministry of War, where Ember Pasha, as well as the government, resisted the execution of the aforementioned measures."
And then the catastrophe of 1922.
Recent History.
Founded by Phocaea, Marseille's inhabitants did not forget their origin in any case, sincerely expressing their love and affection for the ancient Diocese, when in fact they celebrate the third millennium as the founding of their city with magnificent celebrations, and they invited the Mayor of Phocaea of Marseille. The younger inhabitants of Phocaea Asia Minor were sailors but at the same time cultivated the rich land of their region. The main source of prosperity was the salt flats, the richest salt flats in the Mediterranean. P. and N. Fokaia were cities with a Greek population for the most part, P. Fokea with 12,000 inhabitants, 9,000 Greeks and 3,000 Turks and N. Fokea with 7,500 inhabitants, 6,500 Greeks and 1,000 Turks. Here, people spoke only Greek, even the Turks. It had schools, churches and many chapels. The metropolitan church was Agia Irini. Another large church was Agia Triada, Agios Nikolaos and Agios Konstantinos to the north. The church of the Holy Trinity was built by the workers of the saltworks, holding a grand 7-day festival there where local musicians played violins, oud, santouri, organ (lantern), drums.
It was said to be a good life ruined by the Turks in June 1914. The archaeologist Sartio writes: "Her rich nobles left the cities barefoot because these shoes had also been removed. Unheard of sacrileges were committed in the temples". Mansier of the team of archaeologists says: "At night the city was looted. We are told a woman is on the verge of death because she was raped by 17 Turks. A total of 81 people were killed, including 17 women, so that with their own eyes, in the most barbaric times, all the characteristics of the destruction of a city, namely: theft, looting, arson, murder and disgrace of women."About a thousand inhabitants landed on fishing boats and sailed from Phocaea to Mytilene. Others landed on a large French sailboat loading salt from the port of Foca.
El. Iliopoulos, Consul General of England, who arrived in the city two days after its evacuation, was informed that in the canteens of the city butchers were hung pieces of human meat with "G" meatballs - that is, Greek meat. But the catastrophe was complete in 1922. More than 1,500,000 Greeks of ecumenical Greece were made by the order of Germany, the Greek division and the failed advance of King Constantine to the interior of Turkey, north of Turkish atrocity. Thus unpunished to today, Turkey carried out in the same century three genocides of different tribes of Central Asia, the Armenians, the Pontians and the Kurds.
The installation in Anavyssos.
Like all Hellenism in Central Asia, the Phocaeans fled to the nearest islands, Athens and Piraeus.
The late Ath. Papoutsis gave the following information on 20/2/1960 to Mr. Ap. "Proteus" and with elections elected Mr. Vassilis Tsouros, military doctor, Panagiotis Zinane, infantry officer, Ath. A. Papoutsis, Evagg. Pouloudas, Anastasios Ananidis and Ioannis Staveras, one of his goals being to choose an area for installation: "We went to Kassandra, Halkidiki, with a week's hassle. But it was far from Athens and the place was uninhabited. We left disappointed, we are Papoutsis Ath, Metalikis A. and X iotis N. We started looking for the installation of Anavyssos."
In Anavyssos, there were salt pans that a company had, recruiting people who knew better about salt production. Finding Christoulis Karapiperis an excellent craftsman, the took a team of 20-25 patriots who all worked. After the first year they had 2,000 tons more salt, the company so pleased it asked asked to hire all the Phocaeans that existed, electing a committee of Hatzis Karpouzis, Ioannis Dede, Ath. Papoutsis to take care of the installation.
At that time Athens - Lavrio had a train. The committee took the train and left Keratea. From there, Anavyssos walked down to the salt pans to see the place and the estates belonging to Petraki Monastery, where everyone could settle, then uninhabited with only one small church, Agios Georgios.
Later asking the Ministry of Agriculture for permission to settle in Anavyssos, they were refused because the area was intended for a team from Aretsou, Constantinople. Finally, on October 15, 1920, by order of the Ministry of Welfare and a boat, they reached the salt pans and stayed in 50 tents. In 10 days other families arrived by boat and took 100 tents, the tented area owned by relatives from Kalivia.
The new settlers went to the Minister and asked him to make a statement in the newspapers, that the Phocaeans will settle in Anavyssos because they are salt bars that produce salt, the statement read in the villages and stopped the settlement's current accounting. The families had come from Chalkida, Volos, Crete, went to Piraeus for work, others made charcoal and many worked in the saltworks. But as soon as the second winter came and they saw that the restoration was not taking place, a few were forced to leave for Piraeus and Athens. With no trees or water on the beach of Anavyssos, they lived from the saltworks and were given tools to immediately open a well. Unfortunately, from October 1924 to March 1926 they remained in tents, 19 months of agony. Every three months they had changes of government, and of the 160 original families, only 90 remained.
In March 1926, Pangalos ordered the arrival of the topographic service of the Ministry of Agriculture to define the settlement. He took 7,500 acres from the Petraki Monastery, 1,000 acres from the Logothetis estate, 400 acres from the area of Agios Georgios, yet they still did not have a church. Mr. Beis had set up 20 shacks for the settlers, the settlers taking materials from these to build their church.
Their President, "Garyfalos Papoutsis, came and we asked him and he sent us 100,000 and we started to build the school. We all helped together and the contractor who built it did not get a single drachma. He was a good man, his name was Hermes Philip. The school was built in 1932. For 4 years we paid a teacher to send the children to school." In 1947, Palaia Fokaia became a Community.
Contemporary History.
The first years of the exile, among the other difficulties faced by the refugees, was their non-acceptance by the Greeks of Metropolitan Greece.
The area of P. Fokea - Anavyssos was uninhabited, owned mainly by the Petraki monastery and also rented by the inhabitants and cattle breeders of the surrounding villages for grazing or cultivation. The settlement of the refugees brought several disputes between them, but their cohabitation and acquaintance resulted in mutual respect, acceptance, friendship with good cooperation, coexistence, prestige. Indeed, from the pre-war era, the nomadic cattle breeders began to settle permanently and to add vitality to the life of the village with their strength and hard work. In fact, after 1947, when it became a Community, the life of the village entered an upward course with important infrastructure projects carried out.
In 1954-55 the town's main road opened and connected the village with urban centers, leading to developments in tourism and an increasing population.
.
- from web.archive.org/web/20020806012444/http://www.attikos.gr/...
(+) www.flickr.com/photos/midea_foto/albums
. . . . . .
"Impressionist" (low-resolution), inland images taken on a remedial digital tablet amidst a New Year winter stay in Παλαιά Φώκαια (Palaia Fokaia), between some months in Κυψέλη (Kipséli) and a week in the Παλαιό Φάληρο (Palaio Faliro) area of Athens proper, before departing for Italy - 1-8 January, 2020.
Palaia Fokaia (Παλαιά Φώκαια, "Old Phocaea") is a seaside town in East Attica, Greece, located on the Saronic Gulf coast between Sounio and Anavyssos in the southeastern part of the Attica peninsula, and is part of the greater Athens metropolitan area. Since 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Saronikos, of which it is a municipal unit with an area of 22.944 km2 and a population of 3,436. The community of Palaia Fokaia includes the settlements: Thymari - Agia Fotini, Katafygi and the Settlement of the Agricultural Bank of Greece. There are low mountains south and east of the town. It lies 2 km south of Anavyssos, 9 km west of Lavrio and 36 km southeast of Athens centre. Greek National Road 91 (Athens - Sounio) passes through the town. The municipal unit includes the village of Thymari and the small, rocky and deforested island of Patroklos, which is uninhabited.
The settlement of Palaia Fokea was created in the 1920s as a settlement of refugees from the Phocaea of Asia Minor, named Palaia Fokaia and not "Nea" as is customary in refugee settlements. In 1250 AD, inhabitants of Fokaia founded a new village 9 km north of Fokaia, which was named Nea Fokaia. In the following years, the settlement that was located in the ancient site was named Palaia Fokaia to distinguish it from the newer one. The refugees who settled in the area of Anavyssos and came from Palaia Fokaia, did not give the settlement they founded the name Nea Fokaia because there was another village in Asia Minor with the namesake. Thus the new settlement retained the name "Palaia Fokaia", which was the name of their particular homeland. The settlement was initially included in the community of Kalivia Thorikou, while from 1947 it was a separate community, and recognized within the borders of the community in 1971 and the settlement of Thymari. The community of Palaia Fokaia occupied an area of 23 sq.km. and had a population of 2,051 inhabitants, according to the 2001 census. In 2011, it was abolished with the implementation of the Kallikratis program, joining the new municipality of Saronikos.
. . .
Ancient History.
Palea Fokea is a city built in the northwest part of the Asia Minor peninsula. It was founded in the 8th BC century by settlers of Fokida led by the Athenian Philogenes. Its inhabitants were adventurous sailors and were the first to build "five-masted ships", light ships with fifty oars, the city being one of the 12 Ionian cities and its merchant navy competing with the Phoenician navy. They gained wealth and power through trade and founded many colonies.
The Fokians were the first to travel by ship to Gibraltar and built trading posts in many parts of the Mediterranean. From the 7th century BC began to establish colonies, the most important being: Lampsakos on the shores of the Hellespont, Elea in lower Italy, Alar in 565 BC with a very large port in Corsica, and Tartisos off the coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Another important one is Marseille in 600 BC, which founded new colonies such as Nicaea (C Κυte d'Azur), Olivia (Coast of the Mountains). From Marseilles the letters spread to neighboring peoples and the Phocaeans became the first civilization in the west before the Romans. When in 540 BC, they were conquered by the Persians, they boarded their ships and asked to buy Oinousses, islands of Chios to settle. The Chians, however, refused and so left for their other colonies.
Phocaea also minted the Phocaean stator as a gold coin. Its bay was divided into two ports, the Naval Station (large shore) and Lampitra (Small shore).
Pytheas, a great Greek seafarer, the first to see the glaciers of the B. Ocean, came from Marseilles.
1914-1922 Planning and Execution of Persecutions.
Central Asia was the largest part of ecumenical Greece, being 530,000 sq.km., while metropolitan Greece is 130,000 sq.km. So when Greece lost it in 1453 and in 1922 with the persecutions, it lost its economic power and shrank by four-fifths its size and financial strength.
In 1915 Greece, division raged again (1915), Venizelos resigns for the second time, and the central powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary) defeat.
Young Turks believe that their big day has arrived. The German military finds in the face of the neo-Turks the ruthless executor of the most barbaric measures, the recruitment of the Christian population, joining the infamous labor battalions, the displacement of the coastal population, measures of the Turks re-signed by the German general Liman von Sanders. The reason for this anti-Greek attitude was that Turkey was a large and easy-going Asian country - booty for all forms of exploitation. Its geographical location, Mosul's oils and navigation were its targets. These efforts confronted the Greek presence that for centuries held the reins of all economic sectors and especially shipping.
On May 14, 1914, the Minister of Interior of Turkey, Talat, sent a telegram to the Commander-in-Chief of Izmir: "..... It is urgent for political reasons to force the Greeks living on the shores of Central Asia to evacuate their villages and settle in the provinces of Erzurum and others. If they refuse to be transported to the indicated places, you will be pleased to see oral instructions to our Muslim brothers, as for all kinds of deviants force the Greeks to expatriate themselves at will. 'Do not forget to obtain in this case from these immigrants a certificate confirming that they are leaving the hearths of their own initiative so that no political issues arise.'" The plan of the diversions, that is, massacres and persecutions, was implemented in the most brutal and inhuman way by the Turks, the test starting from Palea and Nea Fokea.
Documented by French archaeologist Sartio and the team of Mansier, Carlier and Dandrias, Sartio came from Marseilles and made archeological excavations at that time. In his book "The looting of Phocaea and the expulsion of the Ottoman Greeks of Central Asia" and Mansier in his description, "The last days of Phocaea" plot the massacre and persecution of its inhabitants.
In a document of the Austrian embassy (April 3, 1917): "The Grand Vizier and Foreign Minister asked me and the German ambassador to let our governments know that military reasons of paramount importance are forcing the Turkish government to displace from Ayvalik and its environs, a population of 10 to 15,000 Greeks. The Turkish government has stated that General Liman von Sanders insists on the implementation of this measure. 'Residents should leave their homes within a certain period of time, but they are free to choose the place of their new residence inland.'" The continuation of the document is more revealing, "Under these circumstances, I FORCED the Turkish Ministry of War, where Ember Pasha, as well as the government, resisted the execution of the aforementioned measures."
And then the catastrophe of 1922.
Recent History.
Founded by Phocaea, Marseille's inhabitants did not forget their origin in any case, sincerely expressing their love and affection for the ancient Diocese, when in fact they celebrate the third millennium as the founding of their city with magnificent celebrations, and they invited the Mayor of Phocaea of Marseille. The younger inhabitants of Phocaea Asia Minor were sailors but at the same time cultivated the rich land of their region. The main source of prosperity was the salt flats, the richest salt flats in the Mediterranean. P. and N. Fokaia were cities with a Greek population for the most part, P. Fokea with 12,000 inhabitants, 9,000 Greeks and 3,000 Turks and N. Fokea with 7,500 inhabitants, 6,500 Greeks and 1,000 Turks. Here, people spoke only Greek, even the Turks. It had schools, churches and many chapels. The metropolitan church was Agia Irini. Another large church was Agia Triada, Agios Nikolaos and Agios Konstantinos to the north. The church of the Holy Trinity was built by the workers of the saltworks, holding a grand 7-day festival there where local musicians played violins, oud, santouri, organ (lantern), drums.
It was said to be a good life ruined by the Turks in June 1914. The archaeologist Sartio writes: "Her rich nobles left the cities barefoot because these shoes had also been removed. Unheard of sacrileges were committed in the temples". Mansier of the team of archaeologists says: "At night the city was looted. We are told a woman is on the verge of death because she was raped by 17 Turks. A total of 81 people were killed, including 17 women, so that with their own eyes, in the most barbaric times, all the characteristics of the destruction of a city, namely: theft, looting, arson, murder and disgrace of women."About a thousand inhabitants landed on fishing boats and sailed from Phocaea to Mytilene. Others landed on a large French sailboat loading salt from the port of Foca.
El. Iliopoulos, Consul General of England, who arrived in the city two days after its evacuation, was informed that in the canteens of the city butchers were hung pieces of human meat with "G" meatballs - that is, Greek meat. But the catastrophe was complete in 1922. More than 1,500,000 Greeks of ecumenical Greece were made by the order of Germany, the Greek division and the failed advance of King Constantine to the interior of Turkey, north of Turkish atrocity. Thus unpunished to today, Turkey carried out in the same century three genocides of different tribes of Central Asia, the Armenians, the Pontians and the Kurds.
The installation in Anavyssos.
Like all Hellenism in Central Asia, the Phocaeans fled to the nearest islands, Athens and Piraeus.
The late Ath. Papoutsis gave the following information on 20/2/1960 to Mr. Ap. "Proteus" and with elections elected Mr. Vassilis Tsouros, military doctor, Panagiotis Zinane, infantry officer, Ath. A. Papoutsis, Evagg. Pouloudas, Anastasios Ananidis and Ioannis Staveras, one of his goals being to choose an area for installation: "We went to Kassandra, Halkidiki, with a week's hassle. But it was far from Athens and the place was uninhabited. We left disappointed, we are Papoutsis Ath, Metalikis A. and X iotis N. We started looking for the installation of Anavyssos."
In Anavyssos, there were salt pans that a company had, recruiting people who knew better about salt production. Finding Christoulis Karapiperis an excellent craftsman, the took a team of 20-25 patriots who all worked. After the first year they had 2,000 tons more salt, the company so pleased it asked asked to hire all the Phocaeans that existed, electing a committee of Hatzis Karpouzis, Ioannis Dede, Ath. Papoutsis to take care of the installation.
At that time Athens - Lavrio had a train. The committee took the train and left Keratea. From there, Anavyssos walked down to the salt pans to see the place and the estates belonging to Petraki Monastery, where everyone could settle, then uninhabited with only one small church, Agios Georgios.
Later asking the Ministry of Agriculture for permission to settle in Anavyssos, they were refused because the area was intended for a team from Aretsou, Constantinople. Finally, on October 15, 1920, by order of the Ministry of Welfare and a boat, they reached the salt pans and stayed in 50 tents. In 10 days other families arrived by boat and took 100 tents, the tented area owned by relatives from Kalivia.
The new settlers went to the Minister and asked him to make a statement in the newspapers, that the Phocaeans will settle in Anavyssos because they are salt bars that produce salt, the statement read in the villages and stopped the settlement's current accounting. The families had come from Chalkida, Volos, Crete, went to Piraeus for work, others made charcoal and many worked in the saltworks. But as soon as the second winter came and they saw that the restoration was not taking place, a few were forced to leave for Piraeus and Athens. With no trees or water on the beach of Anavyssos, they lived from the saltworks and were given tools to immediately open a well. Unfortunately, from October 1924 to March 1926 they remained in tents, 19 months of agony. Every three months they had changes of government, and of the 160 original families, only 90 remained.
In March 1926, Pangalos ordered the arrival of the topographic service of the Ministry of Agriculture to define the settlement. He took 7,500 acres from the Petraki Monastery, 1,000 acres from the Logothetis estate, 400 acres from the area of Agios Georgios, yet they still did not have a church. Mr. Beis had set up 20 shacks for the settlers, the settlers taking materials from these to build their church.
Their President, "Garyfalos Papoutsis, came and we asked him and he sent us 100,000 and we started to build the school. We all helped together and the contractor who built it did not get a single drachma. He was a good man, his name was Hermes Philip. The school was built in 1932. For 4 years we paid a teacher to send the children to school." In 1947, Palaia Fokaia became a Community.
Contemporary History.
The first years of the exile, among the other difficulties faced by the refugees, was their non-acceptance by the Greeks of Metropolitan Greece.
The area of P. Fokea - Anavyssos was uninhabited, owned mainly by the Petraki monastery and also rented by the inhabitants and cattle breeders of the surrounding villages for grazing or cultivation. The settlement of the refugees brought several disputes between them, but their cohabitation and acquaintance resulted in mutual respect, acceptance, friendship with good cooperation, coexistence, prestige. Indeed, from the pre-war era, the nomadic cattle breeders began to settle permanently and to add vitality to the life of the village with their strength and hard work. In fact, after 1947, when it became a Community, the life of the village entered an upward course with important infrastructure projects carried out.
In 1954-55 the town's main road opened and connected the village with urban centers, leading to developments in tourism and an increasing population.
.
- from web.archive.org/web/20020806012444/http://www.attikos.gr/...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur.
The santur (سنتور – also santūr, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. It is a trapezoid-shaped box often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The name means one hundred strings in Persian. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of approximately three octaves. The right-hand strings are made of brass, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.Two rows of 9 articles called "Kharak" (Totally 18 kharaks) divide Santur into three positions and each lead four unitone strings to the right and left side of the instrument . Each note comes three times in three positions [making (9*3) 27 tones all together] and doubles in frequency going to the left . As four notes are repeated in tonation we have only 23 tones in Santur. The Santur is primarily tuned a variety of different diatonic scales which utilizes 1/4 tones or semi-tones. There are 12 modes of Persian classical music which is known as a Dastgah (mode). Each Dastgah has its own tuning and character which derives from the different parts of Iran (Persia) which dates back thousands of years and was only preserved thru performance until the late Ostad Abol Hassan Saba who notated and categorized 3500 years of Persian music into the "Radif of Saba" (12 Dastgahs).
==Derivations==
Many instruments around the world at least in part derive from the santur. Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like Armenia, Turkey, and Iraq for centuries. The Indian [[santoor]] is thicker, more rectangular, and can have more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently. The Chinese [[yangqin]] may have originated from the Persian santur. The [[Roma (people)|Roma people]] introduced a derivative of the santur called the [[cymbalum]] to Eastern Europe, which in turn likely led to the development of the [[clavichord]] and the [[piano]]. The [[Greeks|Greek]] [[santouri]] is also derived from the santur, and in Nikos Kazantzakis' classic novel ''[[Zorba the Greek]]'' Zorba plays the santouri.
===History===
Ancient Assyrian and Babylonian illustrations depict santurs. [http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx]
Notable Persian santur players
* Ostad Abol-Hassan Sabâ
* Ostad Manoochehr Sadeghi
* Ostad Faramarz-e Payvar
* Ostad Faramarz Heydari
* Ostad Parviz Meshkatian
* Ostad Majid Kiani
* Ostad Mirza Ali Akbar Shâhi
* Hasan Khân
* Ostad Habib Soma'i
* Hoseyn Malek
* Rezâ Varzandeh
* Mansur Sâremi
* Djalal Akhbari
* Omid Tahmasebpur
* Ostad Arfa Atrai
* Dariush Saghafi
* Afshin Max Sadeghi
* ostad Ardavan Kamkar
* Pashang Kamkar
* Behnam Manahedji
* Kazem Davoudian
* Reza Shafian
* Kourosh Zolani
* Pooyan Nassehpoor
* Ali Tahriri
* Edward A. M. Gloeggler iv
Notable Iraqi santur players
* Amir ElSaffar
* Hugi Pataw
* Mohamed Zaki Darwish
==External links==
*[http://www.santur.com Santur.com]
*[http://www.luth.org/downloads/AL92/naini.htm Santur introduction in American Lutherie magazine]
*[http://www.santoori.com Info about Persian musicians and santur]
*[http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur]
*[http://www.turkmusikisi.com/calgilar/santur Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)]
*[http://kereshmeh.com/view_instrument.php?id=santur Santur]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur.
The santur (سنتور – also santūr, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. It is a trapezoid-shaped box often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The name means one hundred strings in Persian. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of approximately three octaves. The right-hand strings are made of brass, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.Two rows of 9 articles called "Kharak" (Totally 18 kharaks) divide Santur into three positions and each lead four unitone strings to the right and left side of the instrument . Each note comes three times in three positions [making (9*3) 27 tones all together] and doubles in frequency going to the left . As four notes are repeated in tonation we have only 23 tones in Santur. The Santur is primarily tuned a variety of different diatonic scales which utilizes 1/4 tones or semi-tones. There are 12 modes of Persian classical music which is known as a Dastgah (mode). Each Dastgah has its own tuning and character which derives from the different parts of Iran (Persia) which dates back thousands of years and was only preserved thru performance until the late Ostad Abol Hassan Saba who notated and categorized 3500 years of Persian music into the "Radif of Saba" (12 Dastgahs).
==Derivations==
Many instruments around the world at least in part derive from the santur. Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like Armenia, Turkey, and Iraq for centuries. The Indian [[santoor]] is thicker, more rectangular, and can have more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently. The Chinese [[yangqin]] may have originated from the Persian santur. The [[Roma (people)|Roma people]] introduced a derivative of the santur called the [[cymbalum]] to Eastern Europe, which in turn likely led to the development of the [[clavichord]] and the [[piano]]. The [[Greeks|Greek]] [[santouri]] is also derived from the santur, and in Nikos Kazantzakis' classic novel ''[[Zorba the Greek]]'' Zorba plays the santouri.
===History===
Ancient Assyrian and Babylonian illustrations depict santurs. [http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx]
Notable Persian santur players
* Ostad Abol-Hassan Sabâ
* Ostad Manoochehr Sadeghi
* Ostad Faramarz-e Payvar
* Ostad Faramarz Heydari
* Ostad Parviz Meshkatian
* Ostad Majid Kiani
* Ostad Mirza Ali Akbar Shâhi
* Hasan Khân
* Ostad Habib Soma'i
* Hoseyn Malek
* Rezâ Varzandeh
* Mansur Sâremi
* Djalal Akhbari
* Omid Tahmasebpur
* Ostad Arfa Atrai
* Dariush Saghafi
* Afshin Max Sadeghi
* ostad Ardavan Kamkar
* Pashang Kamkar
* Behnam Manahedji
* Kazem Davoudian
* Reza Shafian
* Kourosh Zolani
* Pooyan Nassehpoor
* Ali Tahriri
* Edward A. M. Gloeggler iv
Notable Iraqi santur players
* Amir ElSaffar
* Hugi Pataw
* Mohamed Zaki Darwish
==External links==
*[http://www.santur.com Santur.com]
*[http://www.luth.org/downloads/AL92/naini.htm Santur introduction in American Lutherie magazine]
*[http://www.santoori.com Info about Persian musicians and santur]
*[http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur]
*[http://www.turkmusikisi.com/calgilar/santur Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)]
*[http://kereshmeh.com/view_instrument.php?id=santur Santur]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur.
The santur (سنتور – also santūr, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. It is a trapezoid-shaped box often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The name means one hundred strings in Persian. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of approximately three octaves. The right-hand strings are made of brass, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.Two rows of 9 articles called "Kharak" (Totally 18 kharaks) divide Santur into three positions and each lead four unitone strings to the right and left side of the instrument . Each note comes three times in three positions [making (9*3) 27 tones all together] and doubles in frequency going to the left . As four notes are repeated in tonation we have only 23 tones in Santur. The Santur is primarily tuned a variety of different diatonic scales which utilizes 1/4 tones or semi-tones. There are 12 modes of Persian classical music which is known as a Dastgah (mode). Each Dastgah has its own tuning and character which derives from the different parts of Iran (Persia) which dates back thousands of years and was only preserved thru performance until the late Ostad Abol Hassan Saba who notated and categorized 3500 years of Persian music into the "Radif of Saba" (12 Dastgahs).
==Derivations==
Many instruments around the world at least in part derive from the santur. Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like Armenia, Turkey, and Iraq for centuries. The Indian [[santoor]] is thicker, more rectangular, and can have more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently. The Chinese [[yangqin]] may have originated from the Persian santur. The [[Roma (people)|Roma people]] introduced a derivative of the santur called the [[cymbalum]] to Eastern Europe, which in turn likely led to the development of the [[clavichord]] and the [[piano]]. The [[Greeks|Greek]] [[santouri]] is also derived from the santur, and in Nikos Kazantzakis' classic novel ''[[Zorba the Greek]]'' Zorba plays the santouri.
===History===
Ancient Assyrian and Babylonian illustrations depict santurs. [http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx]
Notable Persian santur players
* Ostad Abol-Hassan Sabâ
* Ostad Manoochehr Sadeghi
* Ostad Faramarz-e Payvar
* Ostad Faramarz Heydari
* Ostad Parviz Meshkatian
* Ostad Majid Kiani
* Ostad Mirza Ali Akbar Shâhi
* Hasan Khân
* Ostad Habib Soma'i
* Hoseyn Malek
* Rezâ Varzandeh
* Mansur Sâremi
* Djalal Akhbari
* Omid Tahmasebpur
* Ostad Arfa Atrai
* Dariush Saghafi
* Afshin Max Sadeghi
* ostad Ardavan Kamkar
* Pashang Kamkar
* Behnam Manahedji
* Kazem Davoudian
* Reza Shafian
* Kourosh Zolani
* Pooyan Nassehpoor
* Ali Tahriri
* Edward A. M. Gloeggler iv
Notable Iraqi santur players
* Amir ElSaffar
* Hugi Pataw
* Mohamed Zaki Darwish
==External links==
*[http://www.santur.com Santur.com]
*[http://www.luth.org/downloads/AL92/naini.htm Santur introduction in American Lutherie magazine]
*[http://www.santoori.com Info about Persian musicians and santur]
*[http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur]
*[http://www.turkmusikisi.com/calgilar/santur Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)]
*[http://kereshmeh.com/view_instrument.php?id=santur Santur]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur.
The santur (سنتور – also santūr, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. It is a trapezoid-shaped box often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The name means one hundred strings in Persian. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of approximately three octaves. The right-hand strings are made of brass, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.Two rows of 9 articles called "Kharak" (Totally 18 kharaks) divide Santur into three positions and each lead four unitone strings to the right and left side of the instrument . Each note comes three times in three positions [making (9*3) 27 tones all together] and doubles in frequency going to the left . As four notes are repeated in tonation we have only 23 tones in Santur. The Santur is primarily tuned a variety of different diatonic scales which utilizes 1/4 tones or semi-tones. There are 12 modes of Persian classical music which is known as a Dastgah (mode). Each Dastgah has its own tuning and character which derives from the different parts of Iran (Persia) which dates back thousands of years and was only preserved thru performance until the late Ostad Abol Hassan Saba who notated and categorized 3500 years of Persian music into the "Radif of Saba" (12 Dastgahs).
==Derivations==
Many instruments around the world at least in part derive from the santur. Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like Armenia, Turkey, and Iraq for centuries. The Indian [[santoor]] is thicker, more rectangular, and can have more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently. The Chinese [[yangqin]] may have originated from the Persian santur. The [[Roma (people)|Roma people]] introduced a derivative of the santur called the [[cymbalum]] to Eastern Europe, which in turn likely led to the development of the [[clavichord]] and the [[piano]]. The [[Greeks|Greek]] [[santouri]] is also derived from the santur, and in Nikos Kazantzakis' classic novel ''[[Zorba the Greek]]'' Zorba plays the santouri.
===History===
Ancient Assyrian and Babylonian illustrations depict santurs. [http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx]
Notable Persian santur players
* Ostad Abol-Hassan Sabâ
* Ostad Manoochehr Sadeghi
* Ostad Faramarz-e Payvar
* Ostad Faramarz Heydari
* Ostad Parviz Meshkatian
* Ostad Majid Kiani
* Ostad Mirza Ali Akbar Shâhi
* Hasan Khân
* Ostad Habib Soma'i
* Hoseyn Malek
* Rezâ Varzandeh
* Mansur Sâremi
* Djalal Akhbari
* Omid Tahmasebpur
* Ostad Arfa Atrai
* Dariush Saghafi
* Afshin Max Sadeghi
* ostad Ardavan Kamkar
* Pashang Kamkar
* Behnam Manahedji
* Kazem Davoudian
* Reza Shafian
* Kourosh Zolani
* Pooyan Nassehpoor
* Ali Tahriri
* Edward A. M. Gloeggler iv
Notable Iraqi santur players
* Amir ElSaffar
* Hugi Pataw
* Mohamed Zaki Darwish
==External links==
*[http://www.santur.com Santur.com]
*[http://www.luth.org/downloads/AL92/naini.htm Santur introduction in American Lutherie magazine]
*[http://www.santoori.com Info about Persian musicians and santur]
*[http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur]
*[http://www.turkmusikisi.com/calgilar/santur Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)]
*[http://kereshmeh.com/view_instrument.php?id=santur Santur]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur.
The santur (سنتور – also santūr, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. It is a trapezoid-shaped box often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The name means one hundred strings in Persian. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of approximately three octaves. The right-hand strings are made of brass, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.Two rows of 9 articles called "Kharak" (Totally 18 kharaks) divide Santur into three positions and each lead four unitone strings to the right and left side of the instrument . Each note comes three times in three positions [making (9*3) 27 tones all together] and doubles in frequency going to the left . As four notes are repeated in tonation we have only 23 tones in Santur. The Santur is primarily tuned a variety of different diatonic scales which utilizes 1/4 tones or semi-tones. There are 12 modes of Persian classical music which is known as a Dastgah (mode). Each Dastgah has its own tuning and character which derives from the different parts of Iran (Persia) which dates back thousands of years and was only preserved thru performance until the late Ostad Abol Hassan Saba who notated and categorized 3500 years of Persian music into the "Radif of Saba" (12 Dastgahs).
==Derivations==
Many instruments around the world at least in part derive from the santur. Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like Armenia, Turkey, and Iraq for centuries. The Indian [[santoor]] is thicker, more rectangular, and can have more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently. The Chinese [[yangqin]] may have originated from the Persian santur. The [[Roma (people)|Roma people]] introduced a derivative of the santur called the [[cymbalum]] to Eastern Europe, which in turn likely led to the development of the [[clavichord]] and the [[piano]]. The [[Greeks|Greek]] [[santouri]] is also derived from the santur, and in Nikos Kazantzakis' classic novel ''[[Zorba the Greek]]'' Zorba plays the santouri.
===History===
Ancient Assyrian and Babylonian illustrations depict santurs. [http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx]
Notable Persian santur players
* Ostad Abol-Hassan Sabâ
* Ostad Manoochehr Sadeghi
* Ostad Faramarz-e Payvar
* Ostad Faramarz Heydari
* Ostad Parviz Meshkatian
* Ostad Majid Kiani
* Ostad Mirza Ali Akbar Shâhi
* Hasan Khân
* Ostad Habib Soma'i
* Hoseyn Malek
* Rezâ Varzandeh
* Mansur Sâremi
* Djalal Akhbari
* Omid Tahmasebpur
* Ostad Arfa Atrai
* Dariush Saghafi
* Afshin Max Sadeghi
* ostad Ardavan Kamkar
* Pashang Kamkar
* Behnam Manahedji
* Kazem Davoudian
* Reza Shafian
* Kourosh Zolani
* Pooyan Nassehpoor
* Ali Tahriri
* Edward A. M. Gloeggler iv
Notable Iraqi santur players
* Amir ElSaffar
* Hugi Pataw
* Mohamed Zaki Darwish
==External links==
*[http://www.santur.com Santur.com]
*[http://www.luth.org/downloads/AL92/naini.htm Santur introduction in American Lutherie magazine]
*[http://www.santoori.com Info about Persian musicians and santur]
*[http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur]
*[http://www.turkmusikisi.com/calgilar/santur Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)]
*[http://kereshmeh.com/view_instrument.php?id=santur Santur]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur.
The santur (سنتور – also santūr, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. It is a trapezoid-shaped box often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The name means one hundred strings in Persian. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of approximately three octaves. The right-hand strings are made of brass, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.Two rows of 9 articles called "Kharak" (Totally 18 kharaks) divide Santur into three positions and each lead four unitone strings to the right and left side of the instrument . Each note comes three times in three positions [making (9*3) 27 tones all together] and doubles in frequency going to the left . As four notes are repeated in tonation we have only 23 tones in Santur. The Santur is primarily tuned a variety of different diatonic scales which utilizes 1/4 tones or semi-tones. There are 12 modes of Persian classical music which is known as a Dastgah (mode). Each Dastgah has its own tuning and character which derives from the different parts of Iran (Persia) which dates back thousands of years and was only preserved thru performance until the late Ostad Abol Hassan Saba who notated and categorized 3500 years of Persian music into the "Radif of Saba" (12 Dastgahs).
==Derivations==
Many instruments around the world at least in part derive from the santur. Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like Armenia, Turkey, and Iraq for centuries. The Indian [[santoor]] is thicker, more rectangular, and can have more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently. The Chinese [[yangqin]] may have originated from the Persian santur. The [[Roma (people)|Roma people]] introduced a derivative of the santur called the [[cymbalum]] to Eastern Europe, which in turn likely led to the development of the [[clavichord]] and the [[piano]]. The [[Greeks|Greek]] [[santouri]] is also derived from the santur, and in Nikos Kazantzakis' classic novel ''[[Zorba the Greek]]'' Zorba plays the santouri.
===History===
Ancient Assyrian and Babylonian illustrations depict santurs. [http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx]
Notable Persian santur players
* Ostad Abol-Hassan Sabâ
* Ostad Manoochehr Sadeghi
* Ostad Faramarz-e Payvar
* Ostad Faramarz Heydari
* Ostad Parviz Meshkatian
* Ostad Majid Kiani
* Ostad Mirza Ali Akbar Shâhi
* Hasan Khân
* Ostad Habib Soma'i
* Hoseyn Malek
* Rezâ Varzandeh
* Mansur Sâremi
* Djalal Akhbari
* Omid Tahmasebpur
* Ostad Arfa Atrai
* Dariush Saghafi
* Afshin Max Sadeghi
* ostad Ardavan Kamkar
* Pashang Kamkar
* Behnam Manahedji
* Kazem Davoudian
* Reza Shafian
* Kourosh Zolani
* Pooyan Nassehpoor
* Ali Tahriri
* Edward A. M. Gloeggler iv
Notable Iraqi santur players
* Amir ElSaffar
* Hugi Pataw
* Mohamed Zaki Darwish
==External links==
*[http://www.santur.com Santur.com]
*[http://www.luth.org/downloads/AL92/naini.htm Santur introduction in American Lutherie magazine]
*[http://www.santoori.com Info about Persian musicians and santur]
*[http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur]
*[http://www.turkmusikisi.com/calgilar/santur Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)]
*[http://kereshmeh.com/view_instrument.php?id=santur Santur]
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
In this Photo: Vasilis Sarikis plays a (David Roman) Deep Frame Mazhar (please correct me if I have misidentified the instrument).
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
"Despite its reputation as a temperate oasis, Nabonith was plagued by several notorious droughts. They became evident as rich soil and trails turned to clay and grass turned to a beige. It is widely believed that their effects sparked the bitter rivalry between the Nabon Republic and the Empire of Casscocia. Instead of watch his people suffer, King Quinbethe at the capital in Arbonuèyes ordered the Armed Forces to push westwards and sporadically harass Cassion-occupied Thorbettos. Villages were sacked, border fortifications razed and surpluses diminished by these unpredictable raids. With supplies gathered, the Nabon people could live on.
Perhaps the most notorious of these raiders was Santouri, from the cultural center of Pallesquèye. He took a small team of around two dozen men and a handful of war hounds, terrifying the Cassion protectorate up and down the border."
Personally, I really like the colors I ended up working with here, hope everyone likes it, too.
~Preston
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
Bahram Radan in Santouri on the screen, a film by Daryoush Mehrjouyi.
because of a huge crowd I couldn't enter to the cinema hall!!
An old Greek musical instrument (Santouri) at one of the streets of Plaka square, in Athens, Greece. I'd have liked to hear its sounds there, but the man was not around... Later I heard similar instruments on the Internet.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Britain. Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident) & Britain. Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
In this Photo: Vasilis Sarikis plays a (Cooperman) Bendir (please correct me if I have misidentified the instrument).
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
Like a piano without a lid, it's hit with hand-held hammers, to create a
sound between a piano and a harp. Accompanied by violin.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident) & Britain. Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur.
The santur (سنتور – also santūr, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. It is a trapezoid-shaped box often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The name means one hundred strings in Persian. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of approximately three octaves. The right-hand strings are made of brass, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.Two rows of 9 articles called "Kharak" (Totally 18 kharaks) divide Santur into three positions and each lead four unitone strings to the right and left side of the instrument . Each note comes three times in three positions [making (9*3) 27 tones all together] and doubles in frequency going to the left . As four notes are repeated in tonation we have only 23 tones in Santur. The Santur is primarily tuned a variety of different diatonic scales which utilizes 1/4 tones or semi-tones. There are 12 modes of Persian classical music which is known as a Dastgah (mode). Each Dastgah has its own tuning and character which derives from the different parts of Iran (Persia) which dates back thousands of years and was only preserved thru performance until the late Ostad Abol Hassan Saba who notated and categorized 3500 years of Persian music into the "Radif of Saba" (12 Dastgahs).
==Derivations==
Many instruments around the world at least in part derive from the santur. Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like Armenia, Turkey, and Iraq for centuries. The Indian [[santoor]] is thicker, more rectangular, and can have more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently. The Chinese [[yangqin]] may have originated from the Persian santur. The [[Roma (people)|Roma people]] introduced a derivative of the santur called the [[cymbalum]] to Eastern Europe, which in turn likely led to the development of the [[clavichord]] and the [[piano]]. The [[Greeks|Greek]] [[santouri]] is also derived from the santur, and in Nikos Kazantzakis' classic novel ''[[Zorba the Greek]]'' Zorba plays the santouri.
===History===
Ancient Assyrian and Babylonian illustrations depict santurs. [http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx]
Notable Persian santur players
* Ostad Abol-Hassan Sabâ
* Ostad Manoochehr Sadeghi
* Ostad Faramarz-e Payvar
* Ostad Faramarz Heydari
* Ostad Parviz Meshkatian
* Ostad Majid Kiani
* Ostad Mirza Ali Akbar Shâhi
* Hasan Khân
* Ostad Habib Soma'i
* Hoseyn Malek
* Rezâ Varzandeh
* Mansur Sâremi
* Djalal Akhbari
* Omid Tahmasebpur
* Ostad Arfa Atrai
* Dariush Saghafi
* Afshin Max Sadeghi
* ostad Ardavan Kamkar
* Pashang Kamkar
* Behnam Manahedji
* Kazem Davoudian
* Reza Shafian
* Kourosh Zolani
* Pooyan Nassehpoor
* Ali Tahriri
* Edward A. M. Gloeggler iv
Notable Iraqi santur players
* Amir ElSaffar
* Hugi Pataw
* Mohamed Zaki Darwish
==External links==
*[http://www.santur.com Santur.com]
*[http://www.luth.org/downloads/AL92/naini.htm Santur introduction in American Lutherie magazine]
*[http://www.santoori.com Info about Persian musicians and santur]
*[http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur]
*[http://www.turkmusikisi.com/calgilar/santur Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)]
*[http://kereshmeh.com/view_instrument.php?id=santur Santur]
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
In this Photo: Vasilis Sarikis plays a Cajón.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Britain. Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Britain. Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
In this Photo: Vasilis Sarikis plays a Davul (Daouli).
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2 (Kalia gig).
The Santouri is a Greek version of the Cimbalom or Hammered Dulcimer found in Eastern Europe. Smaller than the Concert Cymbalom, it is about 100 cm long and 60 cm wide. The Santouri has 100 to 140 strings and is played with two padded hammers.
Santouris are assigned the number 314.122-4 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-4 = Strings are caused to vibrate by hammers or beaters.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
In this Photo: Vasilis Sarikis plays a Darbuka.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
In this Photo: Vasilis Sarikis plays a Riq.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Britain. Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Britain. Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
In this Photo: Vasilis Sarikis plays a Tamborim.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident) & Britain. Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident). Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.
8th February 2013 at St Ethelburga’s, London EC2.
Part of "Listen to the World" series.
Country: Greece (British resident) & Britain. Style: Traditional Greek & Arabic.
Lineup: Kalia Baklitzanaki (v/ney/kaval/lafta), Vasilis Sarikis (percussion), Jon Banks (kanun/santouri), Ruth Goller (b) and guest: Theo Lais (cretan lyra/laouto/lafta/g).
Kalia grew up in Crete (she is half Greek and half English) and moved to London to study. As well as a background in Greek music and the classical Flute, she has learnt to play the Ney (or Nay) and to perform various Middle Eastern vocal traditions. Apart from Kalia I’ve seen all of the group before - Vasilis Sarikis with She’koyokh and Maurice el Medioni (click on tne tag of his name for photos), Jon Banks with the Burning Bush, and Ruth Goller with Acoustic Ladyland.
More information: www.kaliamusic.com/.