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The exhibition for the flame in the National Glass Museum is a tribute to the craftsmanship of glass instrument maker Edwin Dieperink. Craftsmen behind the works of artists and designers often receive little attention. while without their technical knowledge, inventiveness, perseverance and listening ear of a seemingly unfeasible idea, the execution would never have come about.

For the Flame shows work, by Dieperink, by Evert Meitner, Esther Jiskoot, Richard Meitner, Regula Maria Muller, Menno Jonker, Mieke Groot, Melvin Anderson

De tentoonstelling voor de vlam in het Nationaal Glasmuseum is een eerbetoon aan het vakmanschap van glasinstrumentmaker Edwin Dieperink. Vakmensen achter de werken van kunstenaars en ontwerpers krijgen vaak weinig aandacht. terwijl zonder hun technische kennis, inventiviteit, doorzettingsvermogen en luisterend oor van een ogenschijnlijk onhaalbaar idee was de uitvoering nooit tot stand gekomen.

Voor de Vlam toont werk, door Dieperink, van onder meer Evert Meitner, Esther Jiskoot, Richard Meitner, Regula Maria Muller, Menno Jonker, Mieke Groot, Melvin Anderson.

Das Norwegische Industriearbeitermuseum ist ein Industriemuseum in Rjukan, Norwegen. Es befindet sich im Kraftwerk Vemork und wurde 1988 gegründet, um den Erhalt der Industriegesellschaft zu ermöglichen, die von Norsk Hydro geschaffen wurde, als sie sich 1907 in Rjukan niederließen.

Die Forschung und Ausstellungen des Museums umfassen die Geschichte der energieintensiven Industrie in Norwegen nach 1900; einschließlich Wasserkraft , elektrochemischer Industrie und der Prämisse für die Arbeiter. Insbesondere dem lokalen Erbe von Tinn und der norwegischen Schwerwassersabotage wird hohe Priorität eingeräumt.

In den Kriegsjahren 1942 bis 1945 wurde das südnorwegische Rjukan in der Provinz Telemark Schauplatz einer brisanten Auseinandersetzung. Dort befand sich seit 1934 im Chemie- und Wasserkraftwerk Vemork die einzige europäische Fabrik (Norsk Hydro), die durch ihren immensen Energieüberschuss schweres Wasser in nennenswerten Mengen herstellen konnte.

Ende der 1930er Jahre hatten Otto Hahn, Fritz Straßmann und Lise Meitner das Prinzip der nuklearen Kettenreaktion entdeckt, woraus sich nach dem Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs ein Wettlauf mit den Alliierten um die Kontrolle über die Fabrik entwickelte. Für das deutsche Uranprojekt war dabei die Verwendung von schwerem Wasser als Moderator eines Versuchsreaktors vorgesehen, mit dem unter anderem waffenfähiges Plutonium hätte hergestellt werden könnte.

Somit richtete sich das Augenmerk der Alliierten auf die Anlage in Rjukan, deren Ausschaltung die deutsche Nuklearforschung auf einen Schlag neutralisieren konnte: Nach mehreren Rückschlägen wurde am 27. Februar 1943 von zwölf norwegischen Widerstandskämpfern (unterstützt durch das Special-Operations-Executive), die sich auf der Hochebene von Hardangervidda versteckt gehalten hatten, die Sprengung an der Hochkonzentrieranlage für schweres Wasser der Norsk Hydro Werke durchgeführt. Bereits wenige Wochen später war der entstandene Schaden jedoch behoben, und die deutschen Besatzer ließen die Produktion verstärkt wieder anlaufen. Die norwegisch-französische Koproduktion Kampf ums schwere Wasser (Kampen om tungtvannet, 1948), der britische Spielfilm Kennwort „Schweres Wasser“ (The Heroes of Telemark, 1965) sowie die norwegisch-dänisch-britische Fernsehminiserie Saboteure im Eis – Operation Schweres Wasser (Kampen om tungtvannet, 2015) handeln von diesen Begebenheiten.

Es folgten mehrere alliierte Bombenangriffe auf das Kraftwerk und die wiederaufgebaute Anlage, bis sich die deutschen Besatzer entschlossen, die Fabrik aufzugeben und 50 Fässer bereits produzierten schweren Wassers mitzunehmen. Die Konzentration des Deuteriumoxids schwankte zwischen 1 % und 99 %, sie wurde durch eine zweistellige Nummer auf den Fässern gekennzeichnet, die für Außenstehende keinen Rückschluss auf die Konzentration zuließ.

Die Eisenbahnfähre der Rjukanbanen namens Hydro, beladen mit schwerem Wasser, wurde am 20. Februar 1944 durch einen Sprengsatz im Maschinenraum sabotiert. Die Fähre sank binnen weniger Minuten auf dem 460 Meter tiefen Tinnsjø (norwegisch für ‚See bei Tinn‘). Fässer mit stark konzentriertem Inhalt, die nur teilweise befüllt waren, trieben nach dem Untergang an der Wasseroberfläche. Sie wurden von den Deutschen geborgen und drei Wochen nach der Versenkung nach Deutschland versandt und später im Forschungsreaktor Haigerloch verwendet. Beim Untergang der Fähre kamen vier deutsche Soldaten und 14 Zivilisten ums Leben.

Der Unterwasserarchäologe Brett Phaneuf erhielt mit einem norwegisch-amerikanischen Forscherteam 60 Jahre nach Untergang der Hydro die Genehmigung zu einer Tauchfahrt zur Hydro, jedoch mit der Auflage, nur genau ein Fass zu heben, da das Wrack offiziell als Kriegsgrab gilt.

Das sehr gut erhaltene Fass Nr. 26 ließ sich nach der Bergung mühelos öffnen, da der Dichtungsgummiring des Spundlochs nach über 60 Jahren noch intakt war. Laut der geheimen Ladeliste von 1944 sollte das Fass ein Destillat von 1,64 % schwerem Wasser enthalten. Tatsächlich ergaben Untersuchungen an Bord sowie später in London einen annähernd hohen Anreicherungsgrad von 1,1 % ± 0,2.

Mehr Informationen über das Kraftwerk und die Geschehnisse während des 2. Weltkrieges gibt es hier: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Industrial_Workers_Museum

und hier: de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweres_Wasser

The Norwegian Industrial Workers' Museum is an industrial museum in Rjukan, Norway. Located at Vemork Power Plant, it was established in 1988 to enable the preservation of the industrial society created by Norsk Hydro when they settled in Rjukan in 1907.

The museum's research and exhibitions include the history of energy-intensive industry in Norway after 1900; including hydroelectric power, electrochemical industry and the premise for the workers. In particular, the local heritage of Tinn and Norwegian heavy water sabotage is given high priority.

During the war years 1942 to 1945, Rjukan in the province of Telemark in southern Norway became the scene of an explosive conflict. Since 1934, the only European factory (Norsk Hydro) was located in the chemical and hydroelectric power station Vemork, which was able to produce heavy water in significant quantities due to its immense energy surplus.

At the end of the 1930s, Otto Hahn, Fritz Straßmann and Lise Meitner had discovered the principle of the nuclear chain reaction, which led to a race with the Allies for control of the factory after the outbreak of World War II. For the German uranium project, the use of heavy water as a moderator of an experimental reactor was intended, with which, among other things, weapons-grade plutonium could have been produced.

The Allies' attention was thus directed to the Rjukan plant, the elimination of which could neutralize German nuclear research in one fell swoop: After several setbacks, on February 27, 1943, twelve Norwegian resistance fighters (supported by the Special Operations Executive) who hidden on the Hardangervidda plateau, carried out the demolition at Norsk Hydro Works' heavy water high-concentration plant. However, the damage was repaired just a few weeks later and the German occupying forces restarted production. The Norwegian-French co-production The Battle for Heavy Water (Kampen om tungtvannet, 1948), the British feature film The Heroes of Telemark (1965) and the Norwegian-Danish-British TV miniseries Operation Heavy Water (Kampen om tungtvannet, 2015) deal with these events.

Several Allied bombing raids on the power plant and the rebuilt plant followed, until the German occupiers decided to abandon the factory and take 50 barrels of heavy water that had already been produced with them. The concentration of deuterium oxide varied between 1% and 99%, it was identified by a two-digit number on the barrels, which did not allow outsiders to draw any conclusions about the concentration.

The Rjukanbanen railway ferry called Hydro, loaded with heavy water, was sabotaged by an explosive device in the engine room on February 20, 1944. The ferry sank within a few minutes on the 460 meter deep Tinnsjø (Norwegian for 'lake near Tinn'). Barrels with highly concentrated contents, which were only partially filled, floated on the water's surface after sinking. They were salvaged by the Germans and shipped to Germany three weeks after the sinking and later used in the Haigerloch research reactor. When the ferry sank, four German soldiers and 14 civilians died.

Underwater archaeologist Brett Phaneuf and a Norwegian-American research team received permission to dive to the Hydro 60 years after the sinking of the Hydro, but with the condition that they only lift one barrel, as the wreck is officially considered a war grave.

Barrel No. 26, which is in very good condition, was easy to open after it was salvaged, as the rubber seal of the bunghole was still intact after more than 60 years. According to the 1944 secret loading list, the cask was to contain a distillate of 1.64% heavy water. In fact, investigations on board and later in London revealed an almost high degree of enrichment of 1.1% ±0.2.

More information about the power station and what happened during WWII can be found here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Industrial_Workers_Museum

and here: de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweres_Wasser

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„Das Leben muss nicht leicht sein, solange es nicht leer ist.“ (Lise Meitner)

“Life doesn’t have to be easy as long as it isn’t empty.” (Lise Meitner)

Berlin

Science Park II, Ulm, Germany.

Fall, 1913: The basement of Berlin’s Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut for Chemistry housed the ‘Hahn-Meitner Laboratory’, which was a converted wood shop with a few electroscopes to study ‘radiochemistry’. The all-male chemistry institute ignored Lise Meitner for being a woman – albeit, one of the handful few contemporary women with a Ph.D. in Physics, and disregarded Otto Hahn for working on trivial trace moieties, which one could neither smell, see, or weigh. Meitner used the basement’s own external entrance to come and go; women were not allowed to set foot in the rest of the building. Despite such odds, Meitner and Hahn made important pioneering discoveries (including discovering Protactinium) and in recognition of their contribution, the building, as part of the Free University of Berlin, was renamed ‘Hahn-Meitner building’ in 2010.

1938-39: In July, Nazi Germany stormed Austria. Anti-Semitic laws were installed prohibiting university professors from leaving the country. Fearing persecution due to her Jewish heritage, Hahn helped Meitner escape across the Dutch border. Meitner evaded evil and settled in Sweden. Meanwhile, in December, back at the wood shop, a baffling alchemy happened. Following Nobel laureate Enrico Fermi’s experiments in Rome, Hahn bombarded an uranium atom with a single neutron – for trope, think David and Goliath. Not much was supposed to happen. Unexpectedly, as an end product, such bombardment produced barium, an element almost half the mass of uranium. Hahn communicated this finding and his perplexities to his collaborator in exile. Meitner was equally stunned, but soon came up with an explanation: the neutron had sliced the uranium nucleus roughly in half – ‘nuclear fission’. The atom (ἄτομος atomos, Greek: indivisible) was now split – literally – and the stage was set for mankind’s worse nightmare.

Fall, 1939: One of the fallout of a nuclear fission reaction is the release of additional secondary neutrons from the splitting nucleus, which could then go on to torpedo fresh rounds of atomic nuclei, resulting in what physicists on both sides of the pond then excitedly referred to as ‘nuclear chain reaction’. This information was precious. Physicists Szilard, Fermi, and Joliot-Curie self-censored and did not publish their chain reaction-related theories and findings. They feared that this information could land in the wrong Nazi hands; after all, World war II was looming large. Instead, Leó Szilárd –and Albert Einstein– wrote a letter to president Franklin Roosevelt: “…it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power … would be generated. … This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs… A single bomb of this type, carried by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory”. Seeds of the famed Manhattan project were thus sowed.

1944: The Manhattan project was in full swing, gestating the ‘Little Boy’, the first atomic fission bomb in human history.

Aug 6, 1945: Little Boy, containing 64 kg of pure human apathy masked as Uranium-235, was dropped on Hiroshima. With only 1-2% of its material fissioning, from pure scientific perspective, the bomb was a spectacular ‘failure’. It was also a failure on many humanitarian fronts. But the then president – Truman – claimed otherwise. “United States and its allies had spent two billion dollars on the greatest scientific gamble in history—and won."

Nov 16, 1945: Otto Hahn was named the ‘1944’ Nobel Prize recipient in Chemistry for his “discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei”. Lise Meitner was notably ignored. One wonders about Hahn’s motives to exclude Meitner from his publications that lead to the Nobel Prize. Not untouched by contemporary Nazi politics, it would be dangerous for him to acknowledge his persistent ties with Meitner. One also wonders about the motives of the Nobel Prize committee; Science could have waited for Hiroshima to heal before rushing to celebrate the very discovery that led to its unimaginable woes.

Aftermath: Although she was not a part of the Manhattan project, Lise Meitner acknowledged her moral failing in the process. Somewhat harshly, she was also condemning of Hahn, who never participated in the failed German nuclear weapons program: “You all worked for Nazi Germany. And you did not even try passive resistance.” Hahn, and other leading German physicists, were arrested by the Alsos Mission and interned in England from July 1945 until January 1946. While in custody, Hahn learned about the devastation their discovery had caused, and fell on the brink of despair contemplating suicide. In later years, he spoke often against nuclear proliferation in West Germany.

Today (Aug 6, 2020) is the 75th anniversary of Hiroshima’s atomic bombing, the day more than 100,000 human beings vaporized instantly and hundreds of thousands of others ("hibakusha") maimed for generations to come. In one of his papers, Otto Hahn acknowledged, that the splitting of the atom “violated all previous experience in the field of nuclear physics.” The unhinged application of this discovery by mankind seven years later violated a lot more.

Epilogue: I remember, as a teenager, how I felt the first time I heard about and saw images of bombed Hiroshima. My mind was painfully foggy for days to come. “I am a scientist,” Hahn had said during his formative years, “and like all scientists am interested only in discovery and not application.” Wrong. We're foremost human beings and for everything else we might be, our interests must always align with whatever it takes to be empathetic to each other. While shooting the above scene under starlight, it was funny to see that wild white horse hide its head in the bushes for the entire duration I was there (1-2 hours). Now, looking back, it was almost a borderline metaphor for many of mankind's actions during demanding times. At history's urging, we must do better.

Science Park II, Ulm, Germany.

Visit this location at Cafe and Refle, Lise Meitner in Second Life

My School

Lise-Meitner-Gymnasium

This is my corner of my room where I keep the things I am working with, because of my cramped living conditions I work on only one larger canvas at the time and that is "degenerated art" and it is not featured on the pic, it is slightly behind the photographer, some of the objects are in "pause mode" since I don´t get out in to the real world any longer, so at times I run out on paint and materials, I see one painting that is ready lying about in the corner, I apologize for that I will archive it straight away because I shouldn´t just be laying about until it gets ruined :)

Peace and noise!

Your creator MushroomBrain!

Boca Chess at Meitner Park

“A nuclear-propelled spacecraft, shown being assembled in an orbit around the earth, prepares for take-off to Mars. An orbital assembly team is depicted swinging a second stage assembly into position, using space tugs. This second stage will brake the craft into its orbit around Mars. A cluster of four cylinders (upper right), will house the astronauts during the long Martian voyage. At right angles to the astronauts’ quarters are temporary living quarters of the assembly team, which will spend nearly four months in earth orbit assembling the spacecraft for the Mars mission. This “typical” Mars mission was conceived by scientists at the Westinghouse Electric Corporation’s Astronuclear Laboratory and was described by Dr. William M. Jacobi of Westinghouse, at the American Institute of Astronautics and Aeronautics meeting. Heart of the system is a nuclear reactor (housed in the engine at lower left) which Westinghouse is developing in connection with the Rover Program, the nation’s effort to develop nuclear rocket propulsion systems for advanced space missions. The reactor will be incorporated into the NERVA (Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application) engine under development by Aerojet-General Corporation for the AEC-NASA Space Nuclear Propulsion Office, based on a concept originated by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.”

Additionally. It’s very long but incredibly informative, enlightening & pertinent, with LOTS of content I wasn’t aware of. Not to mention, who knows how long it’ll continue to be available online:

“Before his death, renowned science fiction writer, inventor, and futurist Arthur C. Clarke (1917–2008) confidently declared the space age had not yet begun, and would only commence when reliable nuclear-powered space vehicles become available to drastically reduce the cost of moving humans and heavy payloads from the surface of the earth to the farthest reaches of the solar system. It is a little appreciated fact that Pittsburgh’s Westinghouse Electric Company played a central role in bringing that vision much closer to reality through its participation in the Nuclear Energy for Rocket Vehicle Applications (NERVA) program between 1959 and 1973. With recently renewed interest in the human exploration of Mars and destinations in the outer solar system, attention is once again focusing on the remarkable accomplishments that Westinghouse made in the development of the largely untapped potential of the nuclear thermal rocket.

As early as 1949, the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, conducted research to develop a solid core nuclear thermal rocket engine to power intercontinental ballistic missiles. The idea of a nuclear-powered rocket had already captured the imagination of many serious science fiction writers, evidenced by Robert A. Heinlein’s 1948 novel Space Cadet that featured a sleek nuclear-powered rocket ship that inspired the 1950 CBS television series Tom Corbett, Space Cadet, starring Frankie Thomas (1921–2006). With encouragement from science advisor Willy Ley, in 1951 Joseph Lawrence Greene, writing under the pseudonym Carey Rockwell at the publishing house of Grosset and Dunlap, launched Tom Corbett, Space Cadet, a juvenile novel series that fired the imagination of an entire generation of America’s youth with images of a streamlined manned single-stage-to-deep space atomic-powered rocket called the Polaris.

Similar to the nuclear rocket engine eventually developed under the NERVA program, the Polaris employed turbo-pumps to supply propellant to a uranium-fueled reactor core. Virtually all of the single-stage rockets of the golden age of science fiction were described at the time as using some form of atomic energy for propulsion. In a classic example of scientific theory inspiring art and, in turn, inspiring practical engineering concepts, by 1957 Los Alamos Laboratory had acquired a test facility at Jackass Flats, Nevada, to test the first KIWI series of nuclear rocket engines as part of Project Rover. Because these were ground tests rather than actual flight tests, the early engines were named after the flightless Kiwi bird endemic to New Zealand. The trials were conducted with the engines mounted upside down on their test stands with the rocket plume firing upward into the atmosphere.

In 1959, the Westinghouse Electric Company of Pittsburgh and its Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory in nearby West Mifflin, also in Allegheny County, were busy building nuclear reactors for the U.S. Navy and had also designed the nation’s first commercial nuclear power plant at Shippingport, Beaver County, that went online in December 1957. In anticipation of landing more lucrative government contracts, John Wistar Simpson, Frank Cotter, and Sidney Krasik convinced Westinghouse CEO Mark W. Cresap Jr. in 1959 to approve the creation of the Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory (WANL) to investigate the feasibility of building nuclear rocket engines.

Authorized in May 1959, WANL officially became a Westinghouse division on July 26, 1959, and consisted of just six employees with Simpson at the helm. Krasik, a Cornell University physicist, served as technical director and Cotter worked as Simpson’s executive assistant and marketing director. Born in 1914, Simpson graduated from the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, joined Westinghouse in 1937, and earned an MS from the University of Pittsburgh in 1941. Working in the switchgear division of Westinghouse’s East Pittsburgh plant, Simpson helped develop electric switchboards that could survive the extreme impacts experienced by naval vessels under bombardment in the Pacific Theater during World War II. In 1946, he took a leave of absence from Westinghouse to work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to familiarize himself with atomic power. Upon his return three years later, he became an assistant manager in the engineering department of Westinghouse’s Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. He subsequently managed the construction of the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in 1954 and the following year was promoted to general manager of the Bettis Laboratory. He was elected a Westinghouse vice president in 1958. By 1959 Simpson and his team had become enthusiastic about taking on the new challenge of building nuclear-powered rockets to explore the solar system.

WANL was first headquartered in a shopping mall in the Pittsburgh suburb of Whitehall. By 1960 its staff and the leaders of Aerojet General had pooled resources to compete for the lucrative NERVA program contract from NASA’s Space Nuclear Propulsion Office (SNPO). Aerojet and Westinghouse won the contract to develop six nuclear reactors, twenty-eight rocket engines, and six Rocket In Flight Test (RIFT) flights the following year. With a substantial contract in hand, WANL increased its staff to 150 and relocated to the former site of the Old Overholt Distillery. By 1963, Westinghouse and its collaborators employed eleven hundred individuals on the project, based near the small town of Large, thirteen miles south of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County. Large was named for a former distillery founded during the early nineteenth century by Joseph Large. Together, Aerojet and Westinghouse developed the NRX-A series of rocket test engines based on an 1120 megawatt Westinghouse reactor. Assembled at Large, the reactors were loaded on rail cars for delivery to the nuclear test facility at Jackass Flats for field testing.

The initial objective of the NERVA program was to build a rocket engine that could deliver at least eight hundred seconds of specific impulse, fifty-five thousand pounds of thrust, at least ten minutes of continuous operation at full thrust, and the ability to start-up on its own with no external energy source. Seventy pounds per second of liquid hydrogen pumped from the propellant tank into the reactor nozzle would provide regenerative cooling for the rocket nozzle. The cylindrical graphite core of the nuclear reactor was surrounded by twelve beryllium plates mounted on control drums to reflect neutrons. The drums, also containing boral plates on opposite sides to absorb neutrons, were rotated to control the chain reaction in the core. The core consisted of clusters of hexagonal graphite fuel elements, the majority of which consisted of six fueled element sectors and one unfueled sector. The fuel, pyrographite-coated beads of uranium dicarbide, was coated with niobium carbide to prevent corrosion caused by exposure to hydrogen passing through the core. Each fuel rod cluster was supported by an Inconel tie rod that passed through the empty center section of each fuel rod cluster, and a lateral support and seal was used to prevent any of the hydrogen from bypassing the reactor core. Inconel is a high-temperature alloy, one version of which was being used at the time as the skin on the famous X-15 rocket plane.

The solid core nuclear thermal rocket used highly enriched uranium embedded in a graphite matrix. As the highly fissionable uranium 235 atoms absorb a neutron they split to form lighter elements, more neutrons, and a large amount of thermal energy. The nuclear rocket uses the thermal energy generated by a nuclear chain reaction to heat hydrogen, forced through narrow channels in the reactor core. The hydrogen propellant is delivered under pressure to the reactor core using turbo-pumps. The nuclear chain reaction in the reactor core causes the hydrogen to become superheated and expelled through the rocket nozzle at extremely high velocity as an explosively expanding reaction mass resulting in a high specific impulse of 825 seconds. In a chemical rocket, where a fuel (such as liquid hydrogen) and an oxidizer (such as liquid oxygen) are brought together and burned in a combustion chamber, the maximum specific impulse achievable is only about 450 seconds. Specific impulse is a measure of efficiency of a rocket and is defined by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky’s rocket equation as the pounds of thrust produced for the pounds of fuel consumed per second and is expressed in seconds.

With a high specific impulse, the ability to conduct multiple shutdowns and restarts, and a highly favorable energy to weight ratio, the nuclear rocket was the kind of vehicle that the early rocket pioneers Robert Goddard, Herman Oberth, Wernher von Braun, and Tsiolkovsky had long envisioned. As early as 1903, Tsiolkovsky, a Russian mathematics teacher, had hoped that it might be possible to somehow extract atomic energy from radium in order to power a rocket, but it was not until 1938 that Otto Hahn in Germany first succeeded in causing uranium to fission. Hahn’s former colleague Lise Meitner, living in exile in Sweden, realized the significance of what he had done—and the door to the atomic age flung open!

The power density of traditional chemical rockets is puny compared to the extraordinarily high power density of a nuclear rocket engine. Chemical rockets consist of numerous throwaway stages and require an enormous volume of their mass devoted to carrying both a propellant and an oxidizer. A nuclear rocket can be built as a single-stage vehicle, and requires no oxidizer because it heats a propellant that serves as the reaction mass, and is also able to undergo numerous shutdowns and restarts, making lengthy missions to the ends of the solar system both possible and economical. While the inefficiencies inherent in chemical rockets result in nominal costs of $3,500 to $5,000 per pound to deliver payload to low earth orbit, the more favorable propellant to payload mass ratio of the nuclear rocket promises costs in the range of just $350 to $500 per pound.

After radiation safety concerns were raised by SNPO at NASA over launching nuclear-powered rockets directly from the earth’s surface, von Braun at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, developed a proposal to boost a nuclear-propelled second-stage NERVA rocket to the edge of space using his Saturn V first-stage before firing the nuclear rocket engine after it was well above the densest part of the atmosphere. There is some debate as to whether this precaution is necessary for a well-designed nuclear rocket, but the prevailing cautiousness regarding anything nuclear renders it unlikely that direct ascent from the earth’s surface will be found acceptable anytime soon. The early NERVA rocket engine tests were, in fact, open atmospheric tests.

Westinghouse Astrofuel’s fabrication plant at Cheswick, Allegheny County, supplied nuclear fuel for the NERVA project. Fuel element corrosion was tested by heating the fuel elements by their own resistance, first at the Large site, and later at a new facility at Waltz Mill, Westmoreland County. In order to ensure fuel corrosion resistance and the stability of dimensional tolerances to several thousandths of an inch, the materials in the core elements were extruded into a bar possessing a hexagonal cross section having nineteen longitudinal holes. The extrusion was then polymerized, baked at a low temperature, and graphitized at a higher temperature of about 2200 degrees Centigrade. The resulting unfinished fuel element was subjected to a high-temperature chemical vapor process to coat the surfaces of the longitudinal channels with a gas mixture of niobium pentachloride, hydrogen, and methane. This mixture reacted with the graphite to form a niobium carbide coating intended to prevent corrosion of the core when it was exposed to the hydrogen propellant. The great challenge was to achieve a good match between the thermal expansion coefficients of the graphite and the niobium carbide to prevent cracking.

On September 24, 1964, the NRX-A2 established proof of concept by providing six minutes of power. By April 23, 1965, Aerojet and Westinghouse tested the NRX-A3 nuclear rocket engine at full power for sixteen minutes and demonstrated a three-minute restart. Pulse cooling was also introduced at this time in which bursts of LH₂ were used to cool the reactor core. This was followed by a test of the NRX/Engine System Test (EST) engine equipped with Aerojet’s new nozzle and turbo-pump mounted next to the engine in place of the earlier Rocketdyne pump that had been housed separately behind a concrete wall. This permitted full operational testing of all of the equipment in a high radiation environment typical of an actual spaceflight. In 1966, Aerojet and Westinghouse commenced an additional series of tests to demonstrate ten startups on the NRX-A4/EST and full power operation of the NRX-A5 engine for two periods totaling thirty minutes of operation. On December 13, 1967, the NRX-A6 reached sixty minutes of operation at full power. According to data compiled by Aerojet and Westinghouse, on June 11, 1969, the XE engine was started twenty times for a total of three hours and forty-eight minutes, eleven of which were at full power. By 1970, the proposed NERVA I concept vehicle that evolved out of this work was projected to be capable of delivering 1500 MW of power and 75,000 pounds of thrust. It also had a projected lifetime runtime of ten hours and could be started and stopped 60 times while delivering 825 seconds of specific impulse for each hour of continuous operation. Especially encouraging was the fact that it was projected to have a total weight of less than fifteen thousand pounds.

Capable of starting up on its own in space and reaching full power in less than one minute, the design operating temperature of the reactor was 2071 degrees Centigrade and its reliability was projected to be at least 0.997. The .003 projected failure rate covered all forms of operational deficiencies, not just a catastrophe such as a crash or explosion. In one test conducted at Jackass Flats on January 12, 1965, a KIWI-TNT nuclear rocket engine reactor was intentionally exploded to more accurately assess the consequences and cleanup implications of a truly catastrophic launch pad accident. Off-site radiation from the test was judged to be statistically insignificant, adding just 15 percent to an individual’s average annual exposure at a distance of 15 miles from ground zero, and technicians were able to thoroughly clean up the site at ground zero within a matter of weeks.

Aerojet and Westinghouse prepared to begin construction of five reactors and five NERVA I rocket test engines for actual flight testing from the Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island in Florida beginning in 1973, the year the federal government terminated the NERVA program. Total government expenditure by that time on the combined Rover/ NERVA program from 1955 to 1973 had reached more than $1.45 billion (equivalent to roughly $4.5 billion today). As a result of the cancellation of this program, a NASA plan to use a NERVA-type vehicle to place humans on Mars by 1981 was quietly shelved.

Based on the rapid improvements made to the design of the NRX engines in little more than a dozen years, it has been argued that with subsequent improvements in materials science, coupled with a better understanding of physics, the solid core nuclear thermal rocket would have been improved to the point where it could have delivered at least 1000 seconds of specific impulse, 3000 MW of power, and been capable of perhaps 180 recycles. Such a rocket would have been capable of continuously cycling back and forth to Mars about fifteen times with each transit taking as little as 45 to 180 days depending upon the transfer orbit configuration chosen, instead of the six to nine months required for a chemical powered rocket to make the same trip. The faster transit would actually lower astronauts’ exposure to radiation from cosmic rays, the van Allen radiation belts, and solar flares; it would also make it possible to launch heavier vehicles with larger crews and better shielding against cosmic radiation.

After the NERVA program ended, the Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory in Pittsburgh continued to work on several other projects, including the development of a nuclear-powered artificial heart. Amidst a changing political climate concerned with finding “green” energy sources, the laboratory became the Westinghouse Advanced Energy Systems Division (AESD) in 1976. Engineers at AESD experimented with a heliostat and worked on the Solar Total Energy Project in Shenandoah, Georgia, that used five acres of solar collectors to power a knitting factory. AESD also worked on a prototype for a magnetohydrodynamic system which reuses exhaust gases to increase the electrical output of a coal-powered plant by 30 percent. Following Westinghouse’s shuttering of AESD, several former employees formed Pittsburgh Materials Technology Inc. in 1993 at the former Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory. Pittsburgh Materials Technology specializes in producing high temperature specialty metal alloys for government and industrial customers.

During the 1970s, Westinghouse Electric Corporation sold its home appliance division and oil refineries, and in 1988 closed its East Pittsburgh manufacturing plant. In 1995, the company purchased CBS and the following year acquired Infinity Broadcasting. Renaming itself CBS Corporation in 1997, it sold off the nuclear energy business to British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. which, in turn, sold it to Toshiba in 2006. Under the wing of Toshiba, the nuclear energy business continues to operate under the name Westinghouse Electric Company and, because of rapid expansion in overseas demand for nuclear power plants, moved its corporate headquarters in 2009 to a new larger campus in Cranberry Township, Butler County.

In 1963, when Cresap died, Simpson was responsible for eighteen major Westinghouse divisions. Six years later he became president of Westinghouse Power Systems. He earned the Westinghouse Order of Merit and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1966. In 1971, he won the prestigious Edison Medal. A member of the board of governors of the National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) and chairman of NEMA’s Power Equipment Division, he was also a fellow of the American Nuclear Society where he served on the board of directors, on the executive committee, and as chairman of the finance committee. In 1995, the American Nuclear Society published his book Nuclear Power from Underseas to Outer Space, in which he recounted his experiences at Westinghouse. The book includes a detailed description of the company’s astronuclear program. Simpson died at the age of ninety-two on January 4, 2007, at Hilton Head, South Carolina.

The Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory was a product of an era of bold optimism in the promise of science and technology to solve problems and to bring to fruition a vision long shared by rocket pioneers Sergei Korolev, Stanislaw Ulam, Freeman Dyson, Tsiolkovsky, Goddard, Oberth, von Braun, and many others to eventually spread mankind across the vast solar system. Much of the science fiction of the era, such as the Tom Corbett television and juvenile novel series, was grounded in hard science as it was understood at the time. Overtaken by the social and political upheavals that accompanied the growing disillusionment with the Vietnam War and social dissension at home, the NERVA program nonetheless achieved remarkable successes that were ultimately cut short by shifting political events and a narrowing of national horizons. Despite a long hiatus, those successes are now inspiring a new generation of aerospace engineers to once again think boldly and embrace the difficult challenges articulated by President John F. Kennedy, a strong early supporter of the NERVA Program, at Rice University, Houston, Texas, in 1962: “We choose to go to the moon in this decade, and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.”

The collaboration of Westinghouse Electric and Aerojet General in tackling the difficult work of developing a viable solid core nuclear thermal rocket engine is a down payment on the eventual human exploration and settlement of the solar system. The full utilization of such nuclear technology will make possible the fulfillment of the dream first enunciated by Tsiolkovsky who more than a century ago proclaimed, “The earth is the cradle of mankind, but a man cannot live in the cradle forever.” Nurtured by the dreamers in the cradle of western Pennsylvania’s Three Rivers Valley for a brief but shining period of fourteen years, the dream of one day boldly setting off into the new frontier moved a little closer to reality.”

At:

paheritage.wpengine.com/article/aiming-stars-forgotten-le...

Credit: “PENNSYLVANIA HERITAGE” website

Although no signature is visible, to me, there’s a Ludwik Źiemba influence visible, although not as exquisitely detailed or precise. Maybe by one of his protégés? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

“Venus Topographic Map -- This contour map of Venus covers about 80 per cent of the planet’s surface, from 75 degrees north to 63 degrees south latitude. Contour interval is 1 km (.6 mi).

The black curved gap on the left side of the map is being filled in by the Pioneer-Venus Orbiter during April and May 1980.

Before Pioneer less than one per cent of Venus’ topography had been measured (by Earth radar). Venus’ topography consists of highlands, lowlands, and huge planet-wrapping, rolling plain which covers about 60 per cent of the planet’s surface. The lowlands, which appear to be something like the Earth’s ocean basins, cover only about 16 per cent of Venus’ surface, compared with over two thirds of the Earth’s surface covered by oceans. Despite having a flat, rolling surface in general, the range of elevations on Venus is about two thirds of Earth’s. The range of altitudes on Venus is 13.7 km (45,000 ft), from 2.9 km (9500 ft) below “sea level” to 10.8 km (35,400 ft) above “sea level”.”

The ’post’ April/May filling in of areas, despite the “original” photo identification of the image apparently being “AC78-9135. Maybe it served as the base image. The “ARC-YYYY-“ prefix seems to be a contemporary digital thing. It’s lame, wrong & effed up...and likely, the path of least resistance.

images.nasa.gov/details-ARC-1980-AC78-9135

Science Park II, Ulm, Germany.

Lise Meitner, Austrian Physicist

Austrian physicist Lise Meitner, wearing a patterned dress stands alongside a goat, circa 1925. Meitner was notable for her discovery of the element protactinium and for jointly confirming that nuclear fission was a replicable process within physics. (Photo by European/Archive Photos/Getty Images)

Credit: Archive Photos / Stringer

Editorial #: 2159920841

Collection: Archive Photos

Date created: January 01, 1925

Credit:

www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/austrian-physicist-...

For more information about Professor Meitner, please visit:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitner

ABOUT OTTO HAHN:

Otto Hahn, OBE, ForMemRS (8 March 1879 – 28 July 1968) was a German chemist and pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is referred to as the father of nuclear chemistry. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 for the discovery and the radiochemical proof of nuclear fission. He served as the last President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in 1946 and as the founding President of the Max Planck Society from 1948 to 1960. Considered by many to be a model for scholarly excellence and personal integrity, he became one of the most influential and respected citizens of the new postwar country West Germany. Hahn was an opponent of national socialism and Jewish persecution by the Nazi Party. Albert Einstein (who was born six days after him) wrote that Hahn was "one of the very few who stood upright and did the best he could in these years of evil" After World War II, Hahn became a passionate campaigner against the use of nuclear energy as a weapon.

ABOUT THE EXPERIMENT:

The radiochemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann were bombarding elements with neutrons in their Berlin laboratory when they made an unexpected discovery. They found that while the nuclei of most elements changed somewhat during neutron bombardment, uranium nuclei changed greatly and broke into two roughly equal pieces. They split and became not the new transuranic elements that some thought Fermi had discovered but radioactive barium isotopes (barium has the atomic number 56) and fragments of the uranium itself. The substances Fermi had created in his experiments, that is, did more than resemble lighter elements; they were lighter elements. Importantly, the products of the Hahn-Strassmann experiment weighed less than that of the original uranium nucleus, and herein lay the primary significance of their findings. For it folIowed from Einstein's equation that the loss of mass resulting from the splitting process must have been converted into energy in the form of kinetic energy that could in turn be converted into heat. Calculations made by Hahn's former colleague, Lise Meitner, a refugee from Nazism then staying in Sweden, and her nephew, Otto Frisch, led to the conclusion that so much energy had been released that a previously undiscovered kind of process was at work. Frisch, borrowing the term for cell division in biology-binary fission-named the process fission. For his part, Fermi had produced fission in 1934 but had not recognized it.

Visit this location at Masquerade Park, Lise Meitner in Second Life

Photo André Knoerr, Genève. Reproduction autorisée avec mention de la source.

Utilisation commerciale soumise à autorisation spéciale préalable.

L'Avenio 56 vient de quitter le terminus de Science Park II de la nouvelle ligne 2 et parcourt un site dont les finitions sont encore en cours.

21163

24. Commemorative plaque

Meitner became the first female from the University of Vienna and second in the world to earn a doctorate in physics.

[en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitner]

"Lise Meitner House", Institute for Physics of the Humboldt University

Copyright © Baerbel A Rautenberg (BARefoot images). All rights reserved.

This photograph or any part of this photograph may NOT be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means (on websites, blogs) without prior permission. Use without permission is illegal.

'Tuna' (glass object, 1984) - by Richard Meitner,)European Museum of Modern Glass

IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi, launched the IAEA Lise Meitner Programme during the International Women’s Day 2023 held at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 8 March 2023

Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA

Speakers:

Monica Frisch, great-niece of Lise Meitner

HE Ms. Gabriela Sellner, Resident Representative of Austria to the IAEA

HE Ms. Annika Markovic, Resident Representative of Sweden to the IAEA

HE Ms. Laura S. H. Holgate, Resident Representative of the United States of America to the IAEA

Ms Lisa Marshall, Assistant Extension Professor and Director of Outreach, Retention and Engagement, Department of Nuclear Engineering at the NC State University

HE Ms Barbara Žvokelj, Resident Representative of Slovenia to the IAEA

HE Mr. Carlos Sérgio Sobral Duarte, Resident Representative of Brazil to the IAEA

Enrico Fermi (Roma,1901-Chicago, 1954) Premio Nobel 1938, nel celebre istituto romano di Via Panisperna,negli anni '30, bombardando l'uranio con neutroni lenti, ottenne la fissione nucleare, ma non se ne accorse, pensando di aver ottenuto elementi transuranici...Furono l'intuizione di Ida Noddack, i lavori di Otto Hahn e Fritz Strasmann, e la spiegazione di Lisa Meitner e Otto Frisch, nel '38/'39, a chiarire che il nucleo di uranio si era diviso in due nuclei più leggeri..il difetto di massa si converte in energia secondo la famosa equazione di Einstein: E=mc2....

In seguito Fermi e Oppenheimer lavorarono, negli Stati Uniti, al progetto Manhattan, da cui nacque la bomba atomica...

I fisici persero così la loro innocenza....

Universität Wien, la Università di Vienna, la Universidad de Viena, l'Université de Vienne, the University of Vienna

The University of Vienna is the oldest university in the German-speaking and -cultural area, and both the largest university in Austria as well as in German-speaking countries.

History

(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

The founding document of the University was signed on 12th March in 1365 by Duke Rudolph IV and his brothers Albert III and Leopold III. signed and the university therefore is also called "Alma Mater Rudolphina". It is after the University of Prague, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, the second oldest university in Central Europe. The present main building was built in 1877-1884 by Heinrich von Ferstel on the Vienna ring road (Ringstraße), previously the main building was near the office door (Stubentor), at Ignaz- Seipel-Platz, where the old University Church and the Austrian Academy of Sciences are located. In 1897, women were first admitted as regular listeners, even if at first only in the philosophical faculty. The remaining faculties partly followed at a considerable distance: 1900 the medical, the juridical 1919, 1923, Evangelical theological and in 1946 finally allowed the Catholic theological faculty women as ordinary listeners. With the romanist ​​Elise Richter succeeded eight years after the start of the women studying at the University of Vienna the first woman to habilitate (1905), she was 1921 also the first extraordinary professor. Only after the Second World War, the physicist Berta Karlik was appointed to the first full professor of the University of Vienna.

Research and teaching

Currently are around 63,000 students in about 130 disciplines at the University of Vienna enrolled, of which 22 are bachelor and 27 master's programs. The research activity of the University is carried in total of approximately 6,100 researchers and scientists. Of these 6,100 persons are approximately 3,200 people staff of the University of Vienna, about 900 people are active in projects that are financed by external funds. Among the 6,100 scientists and academics are also about 2,000 lecturers, many of whom also contribute to the research at the University of Vienna.

Location

The scientific institutions of the University of Vienna are spread over 60 locations in Vienna. The center is the historic main building on the Ringstrasse (Universitätsring). Here is the seat of the university management and the administration of most organizations. Another spatial center constitutes the nearby situated university campus, where the majority of scientific institutions has settled and the new auditorium center was built.

See also :

* Building of the University of Vienna

* General plan of the buildings of the University of Vienna

* 360 ° x180 ° panoramic photo of the campus overlooking the Auditorium Center

Structure

Rector of the University of Vienna is currently Georg Winckler. The University of Vienna is divided into several departments and centers. Under the new law, the University Medical School in 2004 spun off into the Medical University of Vienna, as well as before the economic studies were released into independence. Other faculties were also restructured, so the natural science faculty was divided into a number of small but specialized units.

Faculties and Centers

* Faculty of Catholic Theology

* Faculty of Protestant Theology

* Faculty of Law

* Department of Economics

* Faculty of computer science

* Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philosophy and Education

* Department of Psychology

* School of Social Sciences

* Department of Mathematics

* Department of Physics

* Faculty of Chemistry

* Department of Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy

* Faculty of Life Sciences

* Centre for Translation Studies

* Centre for Sports Sciences and University Sports

Famous people

The following Nobel Laureates have taught at the university:

Robert Bárány, Ludwig Boltzmann, Josef Stefan, Victor Franz Hess, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Hans Fischer, Karl Landsteiner, Erwin Schrödinger, Victor Franz Hess, Otto Loewi, Konrad Lorenz, Friedrich August von Hayek

Other famous scientists who have taught at the University of Vienna:

Theodor Billroth, Viktor Frankl, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Palisa, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Joseph Skoda, Joseph von Sonnefels

Famous alumni of the University of Vienna:

Bruno Bettelheim, Paul Feyerabend, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Karl Kautsky, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Karl Kraus, Jörg Haider, Lise Meitner, Alois Mock, Pius III. (Pope), Peter Porsch, Manfred Rumpl, Adalbert Stifter, Kurt Waldheim

See also: Austrian universities, colleges and polytechnics

In the "new institution building " (NIG ) of the University is one of the last still operating paternoster lifts in Austria.

Web Links

* Official Website

* History of the University of Vienna

* Online newspaper of the University of Vienna

Famous People

Erwin Schrödinger monument in the courtyard of the University

The University at the back of the 1000-shilling bank note (1983)

See also: Category: High school teacher (University of Vienna)

Nobel Prize

Robert Bárány (Medicine 1913)

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (Medicine 1927)

Hans Fischer (Chemistry 1930)

Karl Landsteiner (Medicine 1930)

Erwin Schrödinger (Physics 1933)

Victor Franz Hess ( Physics 1936)

Otto Loewi (Medicine 1936)

Konrad Lorenz ( Medicine 1973)

Friedrich August von Hayek (Economics 1974)

Other important scientists

Theodor Billroth, Marietta Blue, Ludwig Boltzmann, Franz Brentano, Charlotte Bühler, Karl Bühler, Rudolf Carnap, Conrad Celtis, Viktor Frankl, Freud, Kurt Gödel, Olga Hahn-Neurath, Berthold Hatschek, Marian Heitger, Moriz Hoernes, Marie Jahoda, Moritz Kaposi, Berta Karlik, Hans Kelsen, Alfred Kohler, Helmut Koziol, Florian Kratschmer von Forstburg, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Lise Meitner, Oskar Morgenstern, Otto Neurath, Johann Palisa, Richard Pittioni, Pius II, Elise Richter, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Moritz Schlick, Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler, Klaus Schönbach, Joseph von Sonnenfels, Josef Stefan, Nikolai S. Trubeckoj, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Puluj

Significant students

Franz Alt, Peter Apian, Franz Ballner, Bruno Bettelheim, Nicetas Budka, Paul Ehrenfest, Janko Ferko, Paul Feyerabend, Hertha Firnberg, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Kurt Gödel, Jörg Haider, Theodor Herzl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Husserl, Heinrich Freiherr von Huyssen, Elfriede Jelinek, Karl Kautsky, Edith Kneifl, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Hans Kudlich, Hryhory Lakota, Paul Lazarsfeld, Käthe Leichter, Peter Luder, Ernst Mach, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Alois Mock, Pope Pius III., Paul Pella, Peter Porsch, Henning Röhl, Manfred Rumpl, Wolfgang Schüssel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Hilde Spiel, Adalbert Stifter, Mutius of Tommasini, Kurt Waldheim, Stefan Zweig, Ulrich Zwingli, Joseph von Sonnenfels

See also: Faculty plaques, University of Vienna

www.wien-konkret.at/sehenswuerdigkeiten/universitaet-wien/

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Wien

To be far sighted of not to be far sighted that is here the question!

The University of Vienna is the oldest university in the German-speaking and -cultural area, and both the largest university in Austria as well as in German-speaking countries.

History

(further pictures and informations you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

The founding document of the University was signed on 12th March in 1365 by Duke Rudolph IV and his brothers Albert III and Leopold III. signed and the university therefore is also called "Alma Mater Rudolphina". It is after the University of Prague, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, the second oldest university in Central Europe. The present main building was built in 1877-1884 by Heinrich von Ferstel on the Vienna ring road (Ringstraße), previously the main building was near the office door (Stubentor), at Ignaz- Seipel-Platz, where the old University Church and the Austrian Academy of Sciences are located. In 1897, women were first admitted as regular listeners, even if at first only in the philosophical faculty. The remaining faculties partly followed at a considerable distance: 1900 the medical, the juridical 1919, 1923, Evangelical theological and in 1946 finally allowed the Catholic theological faculty women as ordinary listeners. With the romanist ​​Elise Richter succeeded eight years after the start of the women studying at the University of Vienna the first woman to habilitate (1905), she was 1921 also the first extraordinary professor. Only after the Second World War, the physicist Berta Karlik was appointed to the first full professor of the University of Vienna.

Research and teaching

Currently are around 63,000 students in about 130 disciplines at the University of Vienna enrolled, of which 22 are bachelor and 27 master's programs. The research activity of the University is carried in total of approximately 6,100 researchers and scientists. Of these 6,100 persons are approximately 3,200 people staff of the University of Vienna, about 900 people are active in projects that are financed by external funds. Among the 6,100 scientists and academics are also about 2,000 lecturers, many of whom also contribute to the research at the University of Vienna.

Location

The scientific institutions of the University of Vienna are spread over 60 locations in Vienna. The center is the historic main building on the Ringstrasse (Universitätsring). Here is the seat of the university management and the administration of most organizations. Another spatial center constitutes the nearby situated university campus, where the majority of scientific institutions has settled and the new auditorium center was built.

See also :

* Building of the University of Vienna

* General plan of the buildings of the University of Vienna

* 360 ° x180 ° panoramic photo of the campus overlooking the Auditorium Center

Structure

Rector of the University of Vienna is currently Georg Winckler. The University of Vienna is divided into several departments and centers. Under the new law, the University Medical School in 2004 spun off into the Medical University of Vienna, as well as before the economic studies were released into independence. Other faculties were also restructured, so the natural science faculty was divided into a number of small but specialized units.

Faculties and Centers

* Faculty of Catholic Theology

* Faculty of Protestant Theology

* Faculty of Law

* Department of Economics

* Faculty of computer science

* Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philosophy and Education

* Department of Psychology

* School of Social Sciences

* Department of Mathematics

* Department of Physics

* Faculty of Chemistry

* Department of Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy

* Faculty of Life Sciences

* Centre for Translation Studies

* Centre for Sports Sciences and University Sports

Famous people

The following Nobel Laureates have taught at the university:

Robert Bárány, Ludwig Boltzmann, Josef Stefan, Victor Franz Hess, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Hans Fischer, Karl Landsteiner, Erwin Schrödinger, Victor Franz Hess, Otto Loewi, Konrad Lorenz, Friedrich August von Hayek

Other famous scientists who have taught at the University of Vienna:

Theodor Billroth, Viktor Frankl, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Palisa, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Joseph Skoda, Joseph von Sonnefels

Famous alumni of the University of Vienna:

Bruno Bettelheim, Paul Feyerabend, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Karl Kautsky, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Karl Kraus, Jörg Haider, Lise Meitner, Alois Mock, Pius III. (Pope), Peter Porsch, Manfred Rumpl, Adalbert Stifter, Kurt Waldheim

See also: Austrian universities, colleges and polytechnics

In the "new institution building " (NIG ) of the University is one of the last still operating paternoster lifts in Austria.

Web Links

* Official Website

* History of the University of Vienna

* Online newspaper of the University of Vienna

Famous People

Erwin Schrödinger monument in the courtyard of the University

The University at the back of the 1000-shilling bank note (1983)

See also: Category: High school teacher (University of Vienna)

Nobel Prize

Robert Bárány (Medicine 1913)

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (Medicine 1927)

Hans Fischer (Chemistry 1930)

Karl Landsteiner (Medicine 1930)

Erwin Schrödinger (Physics 1933)

Victor Franz Hess ( Physics 1936)

Otto Loewi (Medicine 1936)

Konrad Lorenz ( Medicine 1973)

Friedrich August von Hayek (Economics 1974)

Other important scientists

Theodor Billroth, Marietta Blue, Ludwig Boltzmann, Franz Brentano, Charlotte Bühler, Karl Bühler, Rudolf Carnap, Conrad Celtis, Viktor Frankl, Freud, Kurt Gödel, Olga Hahn-Neurath, Berthold Hatschek, Marian Heitger, Moriz Hoernes, Marie Jahoda, Moritz Kaposi, Berta Karlik, Hans Kelsen, Alfred Kohler, Helmut Koziol, Florian Kratschmer von Forstburg, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Lise Meitner, Oskar Morgenstern, Otto Neurath, Johann Palisa, Richard Pittioni, Pius II, Elise Richter, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Moritz Schlick, Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler, Klaus Schönbach, Joseph von Sonnenfels, Josef Stefan, Nikolai S. Trubeckoj, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Puluj

Significant students

Franz Alt, Peter Apian, Franz Ballner, Bruno Bettelheim, Nicetas Budka, Paul Ehrenfest, Janko Ferko, Paul Feyerabend, Hertha Firnberg, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Kurt Gödel, Jörg Haider, Theodor Herzl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Husserl, Heinrich Freiherr von Huyssen, Elfriede Jelinek, Karl Kautsky, Edith Kneifl, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Hans Kudlich, Hryhory Lakota, Paul Lazarsfeld, Käthe Leichter, Peter Luder, Ernst Mach, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Alois Mock, Pope Pius III., Paul Pella, Peter Porsch, Henning Röhl, Manfred Rumpl, Wolfgang Schüssel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Hilde Spiel, Adalbert Stifter, Mutius of Tommasini, Kurt Waldheim, Stefan Zweig, Ulrich Zwingli, Joseph von Sonnenfels

See also: Faculty plaques, University of Vienna

www.wien-konkret.at/sehenswuerdigkeiten/universitaet-wien/

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Wien

Menuhin Legend, 2-CD compilation released by EMI Records Ltd. on 1st February, 2000. Photograph by Lotte Meitner-Graf (1898-1973), Austrian portrait photographer. Design by Paul Mitchell.

Today is the centenary of the birth of the child prodigy Yehudi Menuhin (New York, 22 April 1916 – Berlin, 12 March 1999), the American-born violinist, conductor, and philanthropist, who spent most of his performing career in Britain. He is widely considered one of the greatest violinists of the 20th century - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin

Remembering Yehudi Menuhin (1916-1999), The Music Show, ABC Radio National, Sunday 17 April 2016 - www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/musicshow/yehudi-me...

Menuhin Centenary - menuhin.org/centenary/

The University of Vienna is the oldest university in the German-speaking and -cultural area, and both the largest university in Austria as well as in German-speaking countries.

History

(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

The founding document of the University was signed on 12th March in 1365 by Duke Rudolph IV and his brothers Albert III and Leopold III and the university therefore is also called "Alma Mater Rudolphina". It is after the University of Prague, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, the second oldest university in Central Europe. The present main building was built in 1877-1884 by Heinrich von Ferstel on the Vienna Ring Road (Ringstraße), previously the main building was near the city gate (Stubentor), at Ignaz-Seipel square where the old University Church and the Austrian Academy of Sciences are located. In 1897, women were first admitted as regular listeners, even if at first only in the philosophical faculty. The remaining faculties partly followed at a considerable distance: 1900 the medical, the juridical 1919, 1923, Evangelical theological and in 1946 finally allowed the Catholic theological faculty women as ordinary listeners. With the romanist ​​Elise Richter succeeded eight years after the start of women studying at the University of Vienna the first woman to habilitate (1905), she was 1921 also the first extraordinary professor. Only after the Second World War, the physicist Berta Karlik was appointed to the first full professor of the University of Vienna.

Research and teaching

Currently are around 63,000 students in about 130 disciplines at the University of Vienna enrolled, of which 22 are bachelor and 27 master's programs. The research activity of the University is carried out in a total of approximately 6,100 researchers and scientists. Of these 6,100 persons are approximately 3,200 people staff of the University of Vienna, about 900 people are active in projects that are financed by external funds. Among the 6,100 scientists and academics are also about 2,000 lecturers, many of whom also contribute to the research at the University of Vienna.

Location

The scientific institutions of the University of Vienna are spread over 60 locations in Vienna. The center is the historic main building on the Ringstrasse (Universitätsring). Here is the seat of the university management and the administration of most organizations. Another spatial center constitutes the nearby situated university campus, where the majority of scientific institutions has settled and the new auditorium center was built.

See also :

* Building of the University of Vienna

* General plan of the buildings of the University of Vienna

* 360 ° x180 ° panoramic photo of the campus overlooking the Auditorium Center

Structure

Rector of the University of Vienna is currently Georg Winckler. The University of Vienna is divided into several departments and centers. Under the new law, the University Medical School in 2004 spun off into the Medical University of Vienna, as well as before the economic studies were released into independence. Other faculties were also restructured, so the natural science faculty was divided into a number of small but specialized units.

Faculties and Centers

* Faculty of Catholic Theology

* Faculty of Protestant Theology

* Faculty of Law

* Department of Economics

* Faculty of computer science

* Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philosophy and Education

* Department of Psychology

* School of Social Sciences

* Department of Mathematics

* Department of Physics

* Faculty of Chemistry

* Department of Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy

* Faculty of Life Sciences

* Centre for Translation Studies

* Centre for Sports Sciences and University Sports

Famous people

The following Nobel Laureates have taught at the university:

Robert Bárány, Ludwig Boltzmann, Josef Stefan, Victor Franz Hess, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Hans Fischer, Karl Landsteiner, Erwin Schrödinger, Victor Franz Hess, Otto Loewi, Konrad Lorenz, Friedrich August von Hayek

Other famous scientists who have taught at the University of Vienna:

Theodor Billroth, Viktor Frankl, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Palisa, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Joseph Skoda, Joseph von Sonnefels

Famous alumni of the University of Vienna:

Bruno Bettelheim, Paul Feyerabend, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Karl Kautsky, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Karl Kraus, Jörg Haider, Lise Meitner, Alois Mock, Pius III. (Pope), Peter Porsch, Manfred Rumpl, Adalbert Stifter, Kurt Waldheim

See also: Austrian universities, colleges and polytechnics

In the "new institution building " (NIG ) of the University is one of the last still operating paternoster lifts in Austria.

Web Links

* Official Website

* History of the University of Vienna

* Online newspaper of the University of Vienna

Famous People

Erwin Schrödinger monument in the courtyard of the University

The University at the back of the 1000-shilling bank note (1983)

See also: Category: High school teacher (University of Vienna)

Nobel Prize

Robert Bárány (Medicine 1913)

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (Medicine 1927)

Hans Fischer (Chemistry 1930)

Karl Landsteiner (Medicine 1930)

Erwin Schrödinger (Physics 1933)

Victor Franz Hess ( Physics 1936)

Otto Loewi (Medicine 1936)

Konrad Lorenz ( Medicine 1973)

Friedrich August von Hayek (Economics 1974)

Other important scientists

Theodor Billroth, Marietta Blue, Ludwig Boltzmann, Franz Brentano, Charlotte Bühler, Karl Bühler, Rudolf Carnap, Conrad Celtis, Viktor Frankl, Freud, Kurt Gödel, Olga Hahn-Neurath, Berthold Hatschek, Marian Heitger, Moriz Hoernes, Marie Jahoda, Moritz Kaposi, Berta Karlik, Hans Kelsen, Alfred Kohler, Helmut Koziol, Florian Kratschmer von Forstburg, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Lise Meitner, Oskar Morgenstern, Otto Neurath, Johann Palisa, Richard Pittioni, Pius II, Elise Richter, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Moritz Schlick, Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler, Klaus Schönbach, Joseph von Sonnenfels, Josef Stefan, Nikolai S. Trubeckoj, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Puluj

Significant students

Franz Alt, Peter Apian, Franz Ballner, Bruno Bettelheim, Nicetas Budka, Paul Ehrenfest, Janko Ferko, Paul Feyerabend, Hertha Firnberg, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Kurt Gödel, Jörg Haider, Theodor Herzl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Husserl, Heinrich Freiherr von Huyssen, Elfriede Jelinek, Karl Kautsky, Edith Kneifl, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Hans Kudlich, Hryhory Lakota, Paul Lazarsfeld, Käthe Leichter, Peter Luder, Ernst Mach, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Alois Mock, Pope Pius III., Paul Pella, Peter Porsch, Henning Röhl, Manfred Rumpl, Wolfgang Schüssel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Hilde Spiel, Adalbert Stifter, Mutius of Tommasini, Kurt Waldheim, Stefan Zweig, Ulrich Zwingli, Joseph von Sonnenfels

See also: Faculty plaques, University of Vienna

www.wien-konkret.at/sehenswuerdigkeiten/universitaet-wien/

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Wien

The University of Vienna is the oldest university in the German-speaking and -cultural area, and both the largest university in Austria as well as in German-speaking countries.

History

(further pictures and informations you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

The founding document of the University was signed on 12th March in 1365 by Duke Rudolph IV and his brothers Albert III and Leopold III. signed and the university therefore is also called "Alma Mater Rudolphina". It is after the University of Prague, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, the second oldest university in Central Europe. The present main building was built in 1877-1884 by Heinrich von Ferstel on the Vienna ring road (Ringstraße), previously the main building was near the office door (Stubentor), at Ignaz- Seipel-Platz, where the old University Church and the Austrian Academy of Sciences are located. In 1897, women were first admitted as regular listeners, even if at first only in the philosophical faculty. The remaining faculties partly followed at a considerable distance: 1900 the medical, the juridical 1919, 1923, Evangelical theological and in 1946 finally allowed the Catholic theological faculty women as ordinary listeners. With the romanist ​​Elise Richter succeeded eight years after the start of the women studying at the University of Vienna the first woman to habilitate (1905), she was 1921 also the first extraordinary professor. Only after the Second World War, the physicist Berta Karlik was appointed to the first full professor of the University of Vienna.

Research and teaching

Currently are around 63,000 students in about 130 disciplines at the University of Vienna enrolled, of which 22 are bachelor and 27 master's programs. The research activity of the University is carried in total of approximately 6,100 researchers and scientists. Of these 6,100 persons are approximately 3,200 people staff of the University of Vienna, about 900 people are active in projects that are financed by external funds. Among the 6,100 scientists and academics are also about 2,000 lecturers, many of whom also contribute to the research at the University of Vienna.

Location

The scientific institutions of the University of Vienna are spread over 60 locations in Vienna. The center is the historic main building on the Ringstrasse (Universitätsring). Here is the seat of the university management and the administration of most organizations. Another spatial center constitutes the nearby situated university campus, where the majority of scientific institutions has settled and the new auditorium center was built.

See also :

* Building of the University of Vienna

* General plan of the buildings of the University of Vienna

* 360 ° x180 ° panoramic photo of the campus overlooking the Auditorium Center

Structure

Rector of the University of Vienna is currently Georg Winckler. The University of Vienna is divided into several departments and centers. Under the new law, the University Medical School in 2004 spun off into the Medical University of Vienna, as well as before the economic studies were released into independence. Other faculties were also restructured, so the natural science faculty was divided into a number of small but specialized units.

Faculties and Centers

* Faculty of Catholic Theology

* Faculty of Protestant Theology

* Faculty of Law

* Department of Economics

* Faculty of computer science

* Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philosophy and Education

* Department of Psychology

* School of Social Sciences

* Department of Mathematics

* Department of Physics

* Faculty of Chemistry

* Department of Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy

* Faculty of Life Sciences

* Centre for Translation Studies

* Centre for Sports Sciences and University Sports

Famous people

The following Nobel Laureates have taught at the university:

Robert Bárány, Ludwig Boltzmann, Josef Stefan, Victor Franz Hess, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Hans Fischer, Karl Landsteiner, Erwin Schrödinger, Victor Franz Hess, Otto Loewi, Konrad Lorenz, Friedrich August von Hayek

Other famous scientists who have taught at the University of Vienna:

Theodor Billroth, Viktor Frankl, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Palisa, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Joseph Skoda, Joseph von Sonnefels

Famous alumni of the University of Vienna:

Bruno Bettelheim, Paul Feyerabend, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Karl Kautsky, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Karl Kraus, Jörg Haider, Lise Meitner, Alois Mock, Pius III. (Pope), Peter Porsch, Manfred Rumpl, Adalbert Stifter, Kurt Waldheim

See also: Austrian universities, colleges and polytechnics

In the "new institution building " (NIG ) of the University is one of the last still operating paternoster lifts in Austria.

Web Links

* Official Website

* History of the University of Vienna

* Online newspaper of the University of Vienna

Famous People

Erwin Schrödinger monument in the courtyard of the University

The University at the back of the 1000-shilling bank note (1983)

See also: Category: High school teacher (University of Vienna)

Nobel Prize

Robert Bárány (Medicine 1913)

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (Medicine 1927)

Hans Fischer (Chemistry 1930)

Karl Landsteiner (Medicine 1930)

Erwin Schrödinger (Physics 1933)

Victor Franz Hess ( Physics 1936)

Otto Loewi (Medicine 1936)

Konrad Lorenz ( Medicine 1973)

Friedrich August von Hayek (Economics 1974)

Other important scientists

Theodor Billroth, Marietta Blue, Ludwig Boltzmann, Franz Brentano, Charlotte Bühler, Karl Bühler, Rudolf Carnap, Conrad Celtis, Viktor Frankl, Freud, Kurt Gödel, Olga Hahn-Neurath, Berthold Hatschek, Marian Heitger, Moriz Hoernes, Marie Jahoda, Moritz Kaposi, Berta Karlik, Hans Kelsen, Alfred Kohler, Helmut Koziol, Florian Kratschmer von Forstburg, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Lise Meitner, Oskar Morgenstern, Otto Neurath, Johann Palisa, Richard Pittioni, Pius II, Elise Richter, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Moritz Schlick, Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler, Klaus Schönbach, Joseph von Sonnenfels, Josef Stefan, Nikolai S. Trubeckoj, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Puluj

Significant students

Franz Alt, Peter Apian, Franz Ballner, Bruno Bettelheim, Nicetas Budka, Paul Ehrenfest, Janko Ferko, Paul Feyerabend, Hertha Firnberg, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Kurt Gödel, Jörg Haider, Theodor Herzl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Husserl, Heinrich Freiherr von Huyssen, Elfriede Jelinek, Karl Kautsky, Edith Kneifl, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Hans Kudlich, Hryhory Lakota, Paul Lazarsfeld, Käthe Leichter, Peter Luder, Ernst Mach, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Alois Mock, Pope Pius III., Paul Pella, Peter Porsch, Henning Röhl, Manfred Rumpl, Wolfgang Schüssel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Hilde Spiel, Adalbert Stifter, Mutius of Tommasini, Kurt Waldheim, Stefan Zweig, Ulrich Zwingli, Joseph von Sonnenfels

See also: Faculty plaques, University of Vienna

www.wien-konkret.at/sehenswuerdigkeiten/universitaet-wien/

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Wien

The Hampshire village of Bramley offers only one regular bus service for its near-4000 inhabitants: the hourly Stagecoach Hampshire 14 to Basingstoke and (in the opposite direction) Tadley. On 18 March 2016, Transbus Dart SLF 35258 (GX56 OGJ), formerly based in West Sussex, approaches the St James's Church stop with a Basingstoke journey. The church, a Grade 1 listed building, is perhaps best known as the burial place of pioneering atomic physicist Lise Meitner.

10-2012

Academic High School (Vienna)

(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

Beethovenplatz

school form - general secondary school (high school humanistic)

Founded in 1553

♁ coordinates 48 ° 12 '5 " N, 16 ° 22 ' 34" OKoordinaten : 48 ° 12 '5 " N, 16 ° 22' 34" E | |

Support public

About 610 students (4 April 2010)

About 60 teachers (4 April 2010)

Website www.akg -wien.at

The Academic Gymnasium in Vienna was founded in 1553 and is the oldest high school in Vienna. The school orientation is humanistic and compared with other traditional high schools of the city rather liberal. The current number of students is about 610 students, divided on 24 classes.

History

16th and 17th Century

At the time of the foundation of the high school, the University of Vienna had the privilege to decide about the estabilishment of educational institutions. In March of 1553, the Jesuits received permission from the university to the founding of the Academic Gymnasium.

The primary objectives of the exclusively Jesuit teaching corps was the provision of religious instruction, the practice of the Catholic faith and the strengthening of the religious attitude of the students. The Academic Gymnasium was located at the time of its inception in the Dominican monastery opposite the then university. The former language was Latin.

18th and 19 Century

The dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 by Pope Clement XIV led to a conversion of the teaching staff and educational goals. The new focus was on history, mathematics, German, literature and geography. The management of the school was transferred to the Piarist. Subsequently the school was somewhat cosmopolitan conducted and the spirit of the Enlightenment prevailed both among teachers and among the students. Likewise, new didactic and educational measures, and later the school fees were introduced.

As a result of high school reform in 1849, the eight-year school with the final matriculation examination was developed. The humanistic aspects crystallized out more and more, the focus of the lesson were mainly linguistic-historical, mathematical and scientific aspects not being neglected. The first high school graduates made ​​their final exams at the end of the school year 1850 /51.

Academic High School before the vaulting of the Vienna River (Wienfluß - as small as possible)

Since 1866 the building of the Academic Gymnasium is located on Beethoven place in the first district of Vienna. It was built by Friedrich von Schmidt, who also designed the City Hall, in his typical neo-Gothic style.

The first students (female ones) gratuated in 1886 and 1887 (every year an external student), since the school year 1896/97 there were almost every year high school graduates, a general admission of girls there since 1949 /50.

20th Century

The years following the First World War were extremely distressing for the high school, because there was a very narrow escape for not being closed, the cause was a sharp decline in students. The educational institution was menaced from losing its good reputation and attractiveness.

GuentherZ 2007-02-22 2707 Wr Akad Gym plaque Jewish students and Lehrer.jpg

After the "Anschluss" of Austria in 1938, the Jewish students had to leave the school, they were 28 April 1938 transfered, some of the students but had logged off before this date. The total loss amounted to nearly 50 percent of the students because the school from all Viennese schools was attended most of all of children of Jewish families. Today, several plaques remember on the outer facade of the high school the transfer and the horrors of Nazism. A known victim of that action was the future Nobel laureate Walter Kohn, he had to leave school in the 5th class.

Wolfgang Wolfring (1925-2001) popularized ​​the high school from 1960 as the site of classical Greek drama performances in ancient Greek original language. Annually took place performances of the classical Greek dramatic literature, among them, King Oedipus, Oedipus at Colonus and Philoctetes of Sophocles, the Oresteia of Aeschylus and The Trojan Women and Alcestis of Euripides. Protagonists of these performances were later Lawyers Josef and Eduard Wegrostek, Liliana Nelska, Doris Dornetshuber, Gerhard Tötschinger, but also in smaller roles Gabriel Barylli, Paulus Manker, Konstantin Schenk and others.

Over the years the school acquired the old reputation back and enjoyed high access rates. More and more emphasis has been placed on humanistic education, which has been demonstrated mainly by the wide range of languages​​, school theater performances at a high level and numerous musical events of the school choir the public in general as well.

21th Century

The focus are still on a broad linguistic foundation, which also includes training in languages ​​such as Latin or Greek. The school offers both French and English from the first grade. The other of the two languages ​​begins as early as the 2nd class.

In addition to this a wide range of projects are organized and voluntary activities offered. The goal of the Academic Gymnasium is the general education, which in turn should prepare for a subsequent university study.

One problem is the shortage of space of the school. Since there's a large demand for school places, the school house for financial reasons and such the monument preservation not expandable, not for all admission solicitors school places are available.

Known students and graduates

The Academic High School has produced a large number of public figures in its history:

Birth year before 1800

Ignaz Franz Castelli (1781-1862), writer

Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger (1795-1871), geologist

Stanislaus Kostka (1550-1568), Catholic saint

Leopold Kupelwieser (1796-1862), painter

Joseph Othmar Rauscher (1797-1875), Archbishop of Vienna

Franz Schubert (1797-1828), Composer

Johann Carl Smirsch (1793-1869), painter

Birth year 1800-1849

Alexander Freiherr von Bach (1813-1893), lawyer and politician

Moritz Benedikt (1835-1920), a neurologist

Nikolaus Dumba (1830-1900), industrialist and art patron

Franz Serafin Exner (1802-1853), philosopher

Cajetan Felder (1814-1894), Mayor of Vienna

Adolf Ficker (1816-1880), statistician

Anton Josef Gruscha (1820-1911), Archbishop of Vienna

Christoph Hartung von Hartungen (1849-1917), physician

Carl Haslinger (1816-1868), music publisher

Gustav Heider (1819-1897), Art History

Joseph Hellmesberger (1828-1893), Kapellmeister (chapel master)

Hyrtl Joseph (1810-1894), anatomist

Friedrich Kaiser (1814-1874), actor

Theodor von Karajan (1810-1873), German scholar

Alfred von Kremer (1828-1889), orientalist and politician

Kürnberger Ferdinand (1821-1879), writer

Henry of Levitschnigg (1810-1862), writer and journalist

Robert von Lieben (1848-1913), physicist and inventor

Karl Ludwig von Littrow (1811-1877), Astronomer

Titu Maiorescu (1840-1917), Romanian Prime Minister

Johann Nestroy (1801-1862), actor, poet

Ignaz von Plener (1810-1908), Prime Minister of Austria

Johann Nepomuk Prix (1836-1894), Mayor of Vienna

Benedict Randhartinger (1802-1893), Kapellmeister (conductor)

Friedrich Rochleder (1819-1874), chemist

Wilhelm Scherer (1841-1886), German scholar

Anton Schmerling (1805-1893), lawyer and politician

Leopold Schrötter, Ritter von Kristelli (1837-1908) , doctor (laryngologist) and social medicine

Johann Gabriel Seidl (1804-1875), lyricist of the Austrian imperial anthem "God save, God defend our Emperor, our country!" ("may God save and protect our good Emperor Francis")

Daniel Spitzer (1835-1893), author

Eduard Strauss (1835-1916), composer and conductor

Franz von Thun und Hohenstein (1847-1916), Prime Minister of Cisleithania

Joseph Unger (1828-1913), lawyer and politician

Otto Wagner (1841-1918), architect

Birth year 1850-1899

Othenio Abel (1875-1946), biologist

Ludwig Adamovich, senior (1890-1955), President of the Constitutional Court

Guido Adler (1855-1941), musicologist

Plaque for Altenberg, Beer-Hofmann, Hofmannsthal and Schnitzler

Peter Altenberg (1859-1919), "literary cafe"

Max Wladimir von Beck (1854-1943), Austrian Prime Minister

Richard Beer-Hofmann (1866-1945), writer

Julius Bittner (1874-1939), composer

Robert Dannenberg (1885-1942), lawyer and politician

Konstantin Dumba (1856-1947), diplomat

August Fournier (1850-1920), historian and politician

Erich Frauwallner (1898-1974), Indologist

Dagobert Frey (1883-1962), art historian

Albert Gessmann (1852-1920), librarian and politician

Raimund Gruebl (1847-1898), Mayor of Vienna

Michael Hainisch (1858-1940), President of the Republic of Austria

Edmund Hauler (1859-1941), classical scholar

Hugo von Hofmannsthal (1874-1929), playwright

Karl Kautsky (1854-1938), philosopher and politician

Hans Kelsen (1881-1973), lawyer, co-designer of the Austrian Federal Constitution

Franz Klein (1854-1926), lawyer and politician

Arthur Krupp (1856-1938), industrialist

Wilhelm Kubitschek (1858-1936), archaeologist and numismatist

Edward Leisching (1858-1938), director of the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna

Felix from Luschan (1854-1924), doctor, anthropologist, explorer, archaeologist and ethnographer

Eugene Margaretha (1885-1963), lawyer and politician

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937), founder and president of Czechoslovakia

Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), philosopher

Lise Meitner (1878-1968), nuclear physicist

Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973), economist

Paul Morgan (1886-1938), actor

Max von Oberleithner (1868-1935), composer and conductor

Paul Pisk Amadeus (1893-1990), Composer

Gabriele Possanner (1860-1940), physician

Przibram Hans Leo (1874-1944), zoologist

Przibram Karl (1878-1973), physicist

Josef Redlich (1869-1936), lawyer and politician

Elise Richter (1865-1943), Romance languages

Joseph Baron Schey of Koromla (1853-1938), legal scholar

Arthur Schnitzler (1862-1931), writer, playwright

Julius Schnitzler (1865-1939), physician

Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961), physicist, 1933 Nobel Prize for Physics

Birth year 1900-1949

Ludwig Adamovich, Jr. ( born 1932 ), President of the Austrian Constitutional Court

Christian Broda (1916-1987), lawyer and politician

Engelbert Broda (1910-1983), physicist, chemist

Thomas Chorherr (*1932), journalist and newspaper editor

Magic Christian ( born 1945 ), magic artist and designer

Felix Czeike (1926-2006), historian

Albert Drach (1902-1995), writer

Paul Edwards (1923-2004), philosopher

Caspar Einem (born 1948), Austrian Minister of Interior, Minister of Transport

Ernst Federn (1914-2007), psychoanalyst

Friedrich Heer (1916-1983), writer, historian

Georg Knepler (1906-2003), musicologist

Walter Kohn (b. 1923), physicist, 1998 Nobel Prize for Chemistry

Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (1901-1976), sociologist

Lucian O. Meysels (1925-2012), journalist and nonfiction author

Liliana Nelska (born 1946 ), actress

Erwin Ringel (1921-1994), physician, advocate of Individual Psychology

Ernst Topitsch (1919-2003), philosopher and sociologist

Milan Turković (*1939), Austrian-Croatian wind blower and conductor

Hans Weigel (1908-1991), writer

Erich Wilhelm (1912-2005), Protestant superintendent in Vienna

Year of birth from 1950

Gabriel Barylli (*1957 ), writer and actor

Christiane Druml (b. 1955), lawyer and bioethicist

Paul Chaim Eisenberg (born 1950), Chief Rabbi of the Jewish Community Vienna

Paul Gulda (b. 1961), pianist

Martin Haselboeck (born 1954), organist

Peter Stephan Jungk (*1952), writer

Markus Kupferblum (b. 1964), director

Niki List (1956 - 2009) , film director

Miki Malör (born 1957), theater maker and performer

Paulus Manker (born 1958), actor and director

Andreas Mailath-Pokorny (* 1959), Vienna Councillor for Culture and Science

Doron Rabinovici (*1961), writer

Clemens Unterreiner (born 1977), opera singer, soloist and ensemble member of the Vienna State Opera

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademisches_Gymnasium_(Wien)

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

Creator: Briggs, C.A

Subject: Meitner, Lise 1878-1968

       Catholic University of America

Type: Black-and-white photographs

Date: 1946

Topic: Physics

     Women scientists

Local number: SIA Acc. 90-105 [SIA2008-5996]

Summary: In 1938, Austrian-born physicist Lise Meitner (1878-1968) fled Germany and eventually became a Swedish citizen. After World War II, Meitner received many awards, including being named "Woman of the Year" at the National Press Club in 1946. She was a Visiting Professor of Physics at Catholic University during Spring 1946. In a press release associated with her arrival, Dr. Meitner emphasized that her goal was "wholly educational": "I have no intention to suggest how atomic energy should be controlled, beyond expressing my sincere hope that no occasion will again arise where it will be utilized in war. A lasting peace is more desirable than the creation of weapons which might lead to the extermination of mankind."

Cite as: Acc. 90-105 - Science Service, Records, 1920s-1970s, Smithsonian Institution Archives

Persistent URL:http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!siarchives&uri=full=3100001~!287596~!0#focus

Repository:Smithsonian Institution Archives

View more collections from the Smithsonian Institution.

The University of Vienna is the oldest university in the German-speaking and -cultural area, and both the largest university in Austria as well as in German-speaking countries.

History

(further pictures and informations you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

The founding document of the University was signed on 12th March in 1365 by Duke Rudolph IV and his brothers Albert III and Leopold III. signed and the university therefore is also called "Alma Mater Rudolphina". It is after the University of Prague, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, the second oldest university in Central Europe. The present main building was built in 1877-1884 by Heinrich von Ferstel on the Vienna ring road (Ringstraße), previously the main building was near the office door (Stubentor), at Ignaz- Seipel-Platz, where the old University Church and the Austrian Academy of Sciences are located. In 1897, women were first admitted as regular listeners, even if at first only in the philosophical faculty. The remaining faculties partly followed at a considerable distance: 1900 the medical, the juridical 1919, 1923, Evangelical theological and in 1946 finally allowed the Catholic theological faculty women as ordinary listeners. With the romanist ​​Elise Richter succeeded eight years after the start of the women studying at the University of Vienna the first woman to habilitate (1905), she was 1921 also the first extraordinary professor. Only after the Second World War, the physicist Berta Karlik was appointed to the first full professor of the University of Vienna.

Research and teaching

Currently are around 63,000 students in about 130 disciplines at the University of Vienna enrolled, of which 22 are bachelor and 27 master's programs. The research activity of the University is carried in total of approximately 6,100 researchers and scientists. Of these 6,100 persons are approximately 3,200 people staff of the University of Vienna, about 900 people are active in projects that are financed by external funds. Among the 6,100 scientists and academics are also about 2,000 lecturers, many of whom also contribute to the research at the University of Vienna.

Location

The scientific institutions of the University of Vienna are spread over 60 locations in Vienna. The center is the historic main building on the Ringstrasse (Universitätsring). Here is the seat of the university management and the administration of most organizations. Another spatial center constitutes the nearby situated university campus, where the majority of scientific institutions has settled and the new auditorium center was built.

See also :

* Building of the University of Vienna

* General plan of the buildings of the University of Vienna

* 360 ° x180 ° panoramic photo of the campus overlooking the Auditorium Center

Structure

Rector of the University of Vienna is currently Georg Winckler. The University of Vienna is divided into several departments and centers. Under the new law, the University Medical School in 2004 spun off into the Medical University of Vienna, as well as before the economic studies were released into independence. Other faculties were also restructured, so the natural science faculty was divided into a number of small but specialized units.

Faculties and Centers

* Faculty of Catholic Theology

* Faculty of Protestant Theology

* Faculty of Law

* Department of Economics

* Faculty of computer science

* Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philosophy and Education

* Department of Psychology

* School of Social Sciences

* Department of Mathematics

* Department of Physics

* Faculty of Chemistry

* Department of Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy

* Faculty of Life Sciences

* Centre for Translation Studies

* Centre for Sports Sciences and University Sports

Famous people

The following Nobel Laureates have taught at the university:

Robert Bárány, Ludwig Boltzmann, Josef Stefan, Victor Franz Hess, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Hans Fischer, Karl Landsteiner, Erwin Schrödinger, Victor Franz Hess, Otto Loewi, Konrad Lorenz, Friedrich August von Hayek

Other famous scientists who have taught at the University of Vienna:

Theodor Billroth, Viktor Frankl, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Palisa, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Joseph Skoda, Joseph von Sonnefels

Famous alumni of the University of Vienna:

Bruno Bettelheim, Paul Feyerabend, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Karl Kautsky, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Karl Kraus, Jörg Haider, Lise Meitner, Alois Mock, Pius III. (Pope), Peter Porsch, Manfred Rumpl, Adalbert Stifter, Kurt Waldheim

See also: Austrian universities, colleges and polytechnics

In the "new institution building " (NIG ) of the University is one of the last still operating paternoster lifts in Austria.

Web Links

* Official Website

* History of the University of Vienna

* Online newspaper of the University of Vienna

Famous People

Erwin Schrödinger monument in the courtyard of the University

The University at the back of the 1000-shilling bank note (1983)

See also: Category: High school teacher (University of Vienna)

Nobel Prize

Robert Bárány (Medicine 1913)

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (Medicine 1927)

Hans Fischer (Chemistry 1930)

Karl Landsteiner (Medicine 1930)

Erwin Schrödinger (Physics 1933)

Victor Franz Hess ( Physics 1936)

Otto Loewi (Medicine 1936)

Konrad Lorenz ( Medicine 1973)

Friedrich August von Hayek (Economics 1974)

Other important scientists

Theodor Billroth, Marietta Blue, Ludwig Boltzmann, Franz Brentano, Charlotte Bühler, Karl Bühler, Rudolf Carnap, Conrad Celtis, Viktor Frankl, Freud, Kurt Gödel, Olga Hahn-Neurath, Berthold Hatschek, Marian Heitger, Moriz Hoernes, Marie Jahoda, Moritz Kaposi, Berta Karlik, Hans Kelsen, Alfred Kohler, Helmut Koziol, Florian Kratschmer von Forstburg, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Lise Meitner, Oskar Morgenstern, Otto Neurath, Johann Palisa, Richard Pittioni, Pius II, Elise Richter, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Moritz Schlick, Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler, Klaus Schönbach, Joseph von Sonnenfels, Josef Stefan, Nikolai S. Trubeckoj, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Puluj

Significant students

Franz Alt, Peter Apian, Franz Ballner, Bruno Bettelheim, Nicetas Budka, Paul Ehrenfest, Janko Ferko, Paul Feyerabend, Hertha Firnberg, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Kurt Gödel, Jörg Haider, Theodor Herzl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Husserl, Heinrich Freiherr von Huyssen, Elfriede Jelinek, Karl Kautsky, Edith Kneifl, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Hans Kudlich, Hryhory Lakota, Paul Lazarsfeld, Käthe Leichter, Peter Luder, Ernst Mach, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Alois Mock, Pope Pius III., Paul Pella, Peter Porsch, Henning Röhl, Manfred Rumpl, Wolfgang Schüssel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Hilde Spiel, Adalbert Stifter, Mutius of Tommasini, Kurt Waldheim, Stefan Zweig, Ulrich Zwingli, Joseph von Sonnenfels

See also: Faculty plaques, University of Vienna

www.wien-konkret.at/sehenswuerdigkeiten/universitaet-wien/

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Wien

The University of Vienna is the oldest university in the German-speaking and -cultural area, and both the largest university in Austria as well as in German-speaking countries.

History

(further pictures and informations you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

The founding document of the University was signed on 12th March in 1365 by Duke Rudolph IV and his brothers Albert III and Leopold III. signed and the university therefore is also called "Alma Mater Rudolphina". It is after the University of Prague, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, the second oldest university in Central Europe. The present main building was built in 1877-1884 by Heinrich von Ferstel on the Vienna ring road (Ringstraße), previously the main building was near the office door (Stubentor), at Ignaz- Seipel-Platz, where the old University Church and the Austrian Academy of Sciences are located. In 1897, women were first admitted as regular listeners, even if at first only in the philosophical faculty. The remaining faculties partly followed at a considerable distance: 1900 the medical, the juridical 1919, 1923, Evangelical theological and in 1946 finally allowed the Catholic theological faculty women as ordinary listeners. With the romanist ​​Elise Richter succeeded eight years after the start of the women studying at the University of Vienna the first woman to habilitate (1905), she was 1921 also the first extraordinary professor. Only after the Second World War, the physicist Berta Karlik was appointed to the first full professor of the University of Vienna.

Research and teaching

Currently are around 63,000 students in about 130 disciplines at the University of Vienna enrolled, of which 22 are bachelor and 27 master's programs. The research activity of the University is carried in total of approximately 6,100 researchers and scientists. Of these 6,100 persons are approximately 3,200 people staff of the University of Vienna, about 900 people are active in projects that are financed by external funds. Among the 6,100 scientists and academics are also about 2,000 lecturers, many of whom also contribute to the research at the University of Vienna.

Location

The scientific institutions of the University of Vienna are spread over 60 locations in Vienna. The center is the historic main building on the Ringstrasse (Universitätsring). Here is the seat of the university management and the administration of most organizations. Another spatial center constitutes the nearby situated university campus, where the majority of scientific institutions has settled and the new auditorium center was built.

See also :

* Building of the University of Vienna

* General plan of the buildings of the University of Vienna

* 360 ° x180 ° panoramic photo of the campus overlooking the Auditorium Center

Structure

Rector of the University of Vienna is currently Georg Winckler. The University of Vienna is divided into several departments and centers. Under the new law, the University Medical School in 2004 spun off into the Medical University of Vienna, as well as before the economic studies were released into independence. Other faculties were also restructured, so the natural science faculty was divided into a number of small but specialized units.

Faculties and Centers

* Faculty of Catholic Theology

* Faculty of Protestant Theology

* Faculty of Law

* Department of Economics

* Faculty of computer science

* Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philosophy and Education

* Department of Psychology

* School of Social Sciences

* Department of Mathematics

* Department of Physics

* Faculty of Chemistry

* Department of Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy

* Faculty of Life Sciences

* Centre for Translation Studies

* Centre for Sports Sciences and University Sports

Famous people

The following Nobel Laureates have taught at the university:

Robert Bárány, Ludwig Boltzmann, Josef Stefan, Victor Franz Hess, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Hans Fischer, Karl Landsteiner, Erwin Schrödinger, Victor Franz Hess, Otto Loewi, Konrad Lorenz, Friedrich August von Hayek

Other famous scientists who have taught at the University of Vienna:

Theodor Billroth, Viktor Frankl, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Palisa, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Joseph Skoda, Joseph von Sonnefels

Famous alumni of the University of Vienna:

Bruno Bettelheim, Paul Feyerabend, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Karl Kautsky, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Karl Kraus, Jörg Haider, Lise Meitner, Alois Mock, Pius III. (Pope), Peter Porsch, Manfred Rumpl, Adalbert Stifter, Kurt Waldheim

See also: Austrian universities, colleges and polytechnics

In the "new institution building " (NIG ) of the University is one of the last still operating paternoster lifts in Austria.

Web Links

* Official Website

* History of the University of Vienna

* Online newspaper of the University of Vienna

Famous People

Erwin Schrödinger monument in the courtyard of the University

The University at the back of the 1000-shilling bank note (1983)

See also: Category: High school teacher (University of Vienna)

Nobel Prize

Robert Bárány (Medicine 1913)

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (Medicine 1927)

Hans Fischer (Chemistry 1930)

Karl Landsteiner (Medicine 1930)

Erwin Schrödinger (Physics 1933)

Victor Franz Hess ( Physics 1936)

Otto Loewi (Medicine 1936)

Konrad Lorenz ( Medicine 1973)

Friedrich August von Hayek (Economics 1974)

Other important scientists

Theodor Billroth, Marietta Blue, Ludwig Boltzmann, Franz Brentano, Charlotte Bühler, Karl Bühler, Rudolf Carnap, Conrad Celtis, Viktor Frankl, Freud, Kurt Gödel, Olga Hahn-Neurath, Berthold Hatschek, Marian Heitger, Moriz Hoernes, Marie Jahoda, Moritz Kaposi, Berta Karlik, Hans Kelsen, Alfred Kohler, Helmut Koziol, Florian Kratschmer von Forstburg, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Lise Meitner, Oskar Morgenstern, Otto Neurath, Johann Palisa, Richard Pittioni, Pius II, Elise Richter, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Moritz Schlick, Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler, Klaus Schönbach, Joseph von Sonnenfels, Josef Stefan, Nikolai S. Trubeckoj, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Puluj

Significant students

Franz Alt, Peter Apian, Franz Ballner, Bruno Bettelheim, Nicetas Budka, Paul Ehrenfest, Janko Ferko, Paul Feyerabend, Hertha Firnberg, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Kurt Gödel, Jörg Haider, Theodor Herzl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Husserl, Heinrich Freiherr von Huyssen, Elfriede Jelinek, Karl Kautsky, Edith Kneifl, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Hans Kudlich, Hryhory Lakota, Paul Lazarsfeld, Käthe Leichter, Peter Luder, Ernst Mach, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Alois Mock, Pope Pius III., Paul Pella, Peter Porsch, Henning Röhl, Manfred Rumpl, Wolfgang Schüssel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Hilde Spiel, Adalbert Stifter, Mutius of Tommasini, Kurt Waldheim, Stefan Zweig, Ulrich Zwingli, Joseph von Sonnenfels

See also: Faculty plaques, University of Vienna

www.wien-konkret.at/sehenswuerdigkeiten/universitaet-wien/

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Wien

The University of Vienna is the oldest university in the German-speaking and -cultural area, and both the largest university in Austria as well as in German-speaking countries.

History

(further pictures and informations you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

The founding document of the University was signed on 12th March in 1365 by Duke Rudolph IV and his brothers Albert III and Leopold III. signed and the university therefore is also called "Alma Mater Rudolphina". It is after the University of Prague, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, the second oldest university in Central Europe. The present main building was built in 1877-1884 by Heinrich von Ferstel on the Vienna ring road (Ringstraße), previously the main building was near the office door (Stubentor), at Ignaz- Seipel-Platz, where the old University Church and the Austrian Academy of Sciences are located. In 1897, women were first admitted as regular listeners, even if at first only in the philosophical faculty. The remaining faculties partly followed at a considerable distance: 1900 the medical, the juridical 1919, 1923, Evangelical theological and in 1946 finally allowed the Catholic theological faculty women as ordinary listeners. With the romanist ​​Elise Richter succeeded eight years after the start of the women studying at the University of Vienna the first woman to habilitate (1905), she was 1921 also the first extraordinary professor. Only after the Second World War, the physicist Berta Karlik was appointed to the first full professor of the University of Vienna.

Research and teaching

Currently are around 63,000 students in about 130 disciplines at the University of Vienna enrolled, of which 22 are bachelor and 27 master's programs. The research activity of the University is carried in total of approximately 6,100 researchers and scientists. Of these 6,100 persons are approximately 3,200 people staff of the University of Vienna, about 900 people are active in projects that are financed by external funds. Among the 6,100 scientists and academics are also about 2,000 lecturers, many of whom also contribute to the research at the University of Vienna.

Location

The scientific institutions of the University of Vienna are spread over 60 locations in Vienna. The center is the historic main building on the Ringstrasse (Universitätsring). Here is the seat of the university management and the administration of most organizations. Another spatial center constitutes the nearby situated university campus, where the majority of scientific institutions has settled and the new auditorium center was built.

See also :

* Building of the University of Vienna

* General plan of the buildings of the University of Vienna

* 360 ° x180 ° panoramic photo of the campus overlooking the Auditorium Center

Structure

Rector of the University of Vienna is currently Georg Winckler. The University of Vienna is divided into several departments and centers. Under the new law, the University Medical School in 2004 spun off into the Medical University of Vienna, as well as before the economic studies were released into independence. Other faculties were also restructured, so the natural science faculty was divided into a number of small but specialized units.

Faculties and Centers

* Faculty of Catholic Theology

* Faculty of Protestant Theology

* Faculty of Law

* Department of Economics

* Faculty of computer science

* Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies

* Faculty of Philosophy and Education

* Department of Psychology

* School of Social Sciences

* Department of Mathematics

* Department of Physics

* Faculty of Chemistry

* Department of Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy

* Faculty of Life Sciences

* Centre for Translation Studies

* Centre for Sports Sciences and University Sports

Famous people

The following Nobel Laureates have taught at the university:

Robert Bárány, Ludwig Boltzmann, Josef Stefan, Victor Franz Hess, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Hans Fischer, Karl Landsteiner, Erwin Schrödinger, Victor Franz Hess, Otto Loewi, Konrad Lorenz, Friedrich August von Hayek

Other famous scientists who have taught at the University of Vienna:

Theodor Billroth, Viktor Frankl, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Palisa, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Joseph Skoda, Joseph von Sonnefels

Famous alumni of the University of Vienna:

Bruno Bettelheim, Paul Feyerabend, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Karl Kautsky, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Karl Kraus, Jörg Haider, Lise Meitner, Alois Mock, Pius III. (Pope), Peter Porsch, Manfred Rumpl, Adalbert Stifter, Kurt Waldheim

See also: Austrian universities, colleges and polytechnics

In the "new institution building " (NIG ) of the University is one of the last still operating paternoster lifts in Austria.

Web Links

* Official Website

* History of the University of Vienna

* Online newspaper of the University of Vienna

Famous People

Erwin Schrödinger monument in the courtyard of the University

The University at the back of the 1000-shilling bank note (1983)

See also: Category: High school teacher (University of Vienna)

Nobel Prize

Robert Bárány (Medicine 1913)

Julius Wagner-Jauregg (Medicine 1927)

Hans Fischer (Chemistry 1930)

Karl Landsteiner (Medicine 1930)

Erwin Schrödinger (Physics 1933)

Victor Franz Hess ( Physics 1936)

Otto Loewi (Medicine 1936)

Konrad Lorenz ( Medicine 1973)

Friedrich August von Hayek (Economics 1974)

Other important scientists

Theodor Billroth, Marietta Blue, Ludwig Boltzmann, Franz Brentano, Charlotte Bühler, Karl Bühler, Rudolf Carnap, Conrad Celtis, Viktor Frankl, Freud, Kurt Gödel, Olga Hahn-Neurath, Berthold Hatschek, Marian Heitger, Moriz Hoernes, Marie Jahoda, Moritz Kaposi, Berta Karlik, Hans Kelsen, Alfred Kohler, Helmut Koziol, Florian Kratschmer von Forstburg, Johann Josef Loschmidt, Lise Meitner, Oskar Morgenstern, Otto Neurath, Johann Palisa, Richard Pittioni, Pius II, Elise Richter, Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, August Schleicher, Moritz Schlick, Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler, Klaus Schönbach, Joseph von Sonnenfels, Josef Stefan, Nikolai S. Trubeckoj, Carl Auer von Welsbach, Johann Puluj

Significant students

Franz Alt, Peter Apian, Franz Ballner, Bruno Bettelheim, Nicetas Budka, Paul Ehrenfest, Janko Ferko, Paul Feyerabend, Hertha Firnberg, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Kurt Gödel, Jörg Haider, Theodor Herzl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Husserl, Heinrich Freiherr von Huyssen, Elfriede Jelinek, Karl Kautsky, Edith Kneifl, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Hans Kudlich, Hryhory Lakota, Paul Lazarsfeld, Käthe Leichter, Peter Luder, Ernst Mach, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Alois Mock, Pope Pius III., Paul Pella, Peter Porsch, Henning Röhl, Manfred Rumpl, Wolfgang Schüssel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Hilde Spiel, Adalbert Stifter, Mutius of Tommasini, Kurt Waldheim, Stefan Zweig, Ulrich Zwingli, Joseph von Sonnenfels

See also: Faculty plaques, University of Vienna

www.wien-konkret.at/sehenswuerdigkeiten/universitaet-wien/

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Wien

(for further pictures and information please contact the link at the end of page!)

Beethovenplatz (Vienna)

The Beethovenplatz seen from Lothringerstraße

Street board at Beethovenplatz

The Beethovenplatz is a space with park and remarkable buildings in the 1st district of Vienna, the Innere Stadt.

History

The site of today's Beethoven place in the Middle Ages was part of the suburban before the Stubentor. Since the 16th Century, was here located the outside the city walls lain glacis, a field of fire which had to be kept free. 1850, the area was incorporated into the city of Vienna.

As part of the by Emperor Franz Joseph I. in 1857 granted, started in 1858 demolition of the city walls and the construction of the Ringstrasse as a boulevard around the old town, the area between the present Schubertring, then Kolowratring, and the parallel, newly created Lothringerstraße at the left bank of the Wien River was parceled and from 1865 on built-up, the surface of a larger block of houses not being built-up, but left out as a place.

1880 here the by Caspar von Zumbusch designed Beethoven monument was unveiled; In the same year, the place in Lehmanns Vienna address book for the first time appeared as a Beethovenplatz.

Since 30 June 1899 run at the right bank of the river Vienna in sunken position the Untere Wientallinie of the metropolitan railway, since 1978, the subway line U4, the first one once the second one now serving the Beethoven place very nearby Stadtpark station at the northern end of the Lothringerstraße. By 1899, in this section the vaulting of the Vienna River and of the city railway was completed. Around 1970, under the originally by Lothar Abel designed park an underground car park was opened, for whose construction old trees had to be felled.

Park and Beethoven monument

The majority of the area of the Beethoven square is occupied by the 3700 square meter large Beethoven Park, in the center of which the monument is situated, in 1880 erected for the acting in Vienna German composer Ludwig van Beethoven by Kaspar von Zumbusch. After the river was vaulted, the monument located in the center of the square was turned in 1899 to 180 degrees in the direction of the now more important, from 1902 to 1980 trafficed by the tram Lothringerstraße.

The original model of the monument today is set up in Wiener Konzerthaus in its foyer, situated opposite the Beethovenplatz at the Lothringerstraße. The strict historicist monument consists of a stone base by Eduard Hauser, of the seated figure of Beethoven of bronze and accompanying figures, as well of bronze, representing a bound Prometheus and Victoria and nine putti as allegories of Beethoven's symphonies.

Buildings

# 1: The most important building at the Beethovenplatz is the at its southwestern front erected Academic Gymnasium (in extension of Christinengasse) which was built 1863-1866 in neo-gothic style by Friedrich von Schmidt, with the participation of William Köllig and Josef Hlávka. It is the first neo-Gothic secular construction of Schmidt in Vienna, which for the further neo-Gothic civil architecture became programmatic. The school was configurated after a medieval cloister courtyard with surrounding arcades. On the main facade there are the coat of arms of the crown lands of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Inside, a statue of Moses by Vincenz Pilz in the well house and a war memorial of Joseph Josephu (1936) are worth mentioning. The vestibule is decorated with floral decoration painting by Karl Jobst.

The to 1866 situated in the baker street, traditional high school, founded in 1552, had in the course of time numerous prominent pupils. For some of them plaques were attached, so for Franz Schubert, Erwin Schrödinger, Lise Meitner, Hans Kelsen, Peter Altenberg, Arthur Schnitzler, Richard Beer-Hofmann, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, the Romanian writer and Foreign Minister Titu Maiorescu and the first Czechoslovak president Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk.

# 2: Here is located (in extension of the Kantgasse) an exposed brickwork building in neo-Renaissance style by Friedrich Schachner of 1868/1869. It is part of the block of houses Schubertring 5 and 7, which was (see House No. 3) from 1939 to 1970 successively acquired by the Girozentrale and Bank der Österreichischen Sparkassen (Bank of Austrian savings banks) and used by whose successor entity Erste Bank from 1997 to 2005 and then sold. 2012 here a Ritz-Carlton Hotel was opened.

# 3: The former Palais Gutmann (also in extension of Kantgasse) was also built from 1869 to 1871 by Carl Tietz for Wilhelm Ritter von Gutmann in neo-Renaissance style. Especially noteworthy is the interior with a beletage apartment in excellent historicist equipment. 1941, the building was reconstructed by Franz Klimscha. In Lehmann's Vienna address book, edition 1942, the house was registered as seat of the Girozentrale of the Ostmärkischen Savings Banks and the Ostmark Savings Banks and Giro Association. It was until 2005 bank building and is since 2012 hotel (see House No. 2).

No. 4: The building of Johann Romano and August Schwendenwein of 1869 /70 (in extension of the Fichtegasse) also has a beautiful interior equipment, including the only known decoration painting by Leopold Carl Müller (1870 ), showing a Jahreszeitenallegorie (allegory of the four seasons).

On the side to Lothringerstraße the Beethovenplatz borders without building development directly to this provided with a very broad central strip road (on the edge of the central portion of the road on the side to the concert hall until 1980 run three tram lines).

Gallery

Beethoven monument by Kaspar von Zumbusch (1880)

Putti, the nine symphonies of Beethoven representing

Academic Gymnasium (1863-66) by Friedrich von Schmidt

Interior of the Academic Gymnasium

Palais Gutmann, Beethovenplatz 3

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beethovenplatz_(Wien)

10-2012

Academic High School (Vienna)

(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

Beethovenplatz

school form - general secondary school (high school humanistic)

Founded in 1553

♁ coordinates 48 ° 12 '5 " N, 16 ° 22 ' 34" OKoordinaten : 48 ° 12 '5 " N, 16 ° 22' 34" E | |

Support public

About 610 students (4 April 2010)

About 60 teachers (4 April 2010)

Website www.akg -wien.at

The Academic Gymnasium in Vienna was founded in 1553 and is the oldest high school in Vienna. The school orientation is humanistic and compared with other traditional high schools of the city rather liberal. The current number of students is about 610 students, divided on 24 classes.

History

16th and 17th Century

At the time of the foundation of the high school, the University of Vienna had the privilege to decide about the estabilishment of educational institutions. In March of 1553, the Jesuits received permission from the university to the founding of the Academic Gymnasium.

The primary objectives of the exclusively Jesuit teaching corps was the provision of religious instruction, the practice of the Catholic faith and the strengthening of the religious attitude of the students. The Academic Gymnasium was located at the time of its inception in the Dominican monastery opposite the then university. The former language was Latin.

18th and 19 Century

The dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 by Pope Clement XIV led to a conversion of the teaching staff and educational goals. The new focus was on history, mathematics, German, literature and geography. The management of the school was transferred to the Piarist. Subsequently the school was somewhat cosmopolitan conducted and the spirit of the Enlightenment prevailed both among teachers and among the students. Likewise, new didactic and educational measures, and later the school fees were introduced.

As a result of high school reform in 1849, the eight-year school with the final matriculation examination was developed. The humanistic aspects crystallized out more and more, the focus of the lesson were mainly linguistic-historical, mathematical and scientific aspects not being neglected. The first high school graduates made ​​their final exams at the end of the school year 1850 /51.

Academic High School before the vaulting of the Vienna River (Wienfluß - as small as possible)

Since 1866 the building of the Academic Gymnasium is located on Beethoven place in the first district of Vienna. It was built by Friedrich von Schmidt, who also designed the City Hall, in his typical neo-Gothic style.

The first students (female ones) gratuated in 1886 and 1887 (every year an external student), since the school year 1896/97 there were almost every year high school graduates, a general admission of girls there since 1949 /50.

20th Century

The years following the First World War were extremely distressing for the high school, because there was a very narrow escape for not being closed, the cause was a sharp decline in students. The educational institution was menaced from losing its good reputation and attractiveness.

GuentherZ 2007-02-22 2707 Wr Akad Gym plaque Jewish students and Lehrer.jpg

After the "Anschluss" of Austria in 1938, the Jewish students had to leave the school, they were 28 April 1938 transfered, some of the students but had logged off before this date. The total loss amounted to nearly 50 percent of the students because the school from all Viennese schools was attended most of all of children of Jewish families. Today, several plaques remember on the outer facade of the high school the transfer and the horrors of Nazism. A known victim of that action was the future Nobel laureate Walter Kohn, he had to leave school in the 5th class.

Wolfgang Wolfring (1925-2001) popularized ​​the high school from 1960 as the site of classical Greek drama performances in ancient Greek original language. Annually took place performances of the classical Greek dramatic literature, among them, King Oedipus, Oedipus at Colonus and Philoctetes of Sophocles, the Oresteia of Aeschylus and The Trojan Women and Alcestis of Euripides. Protagonists of these performances were later Lawyers Josef and Eduard Wegrostek, Liliana Nelska, Doris Dornetshuber, Gerhard Tötschinger, but also in smaller roles Gabriel Barylli, Paulus Manker, Konstantin Schenk and others.

Over the years the school acquired the old reputation back and enjoyed high access rates. More and more emphasis has been placed on humanistic education, which has been demonstrated mainly by the wide range of languages​​, school theater performances at a high level and numerous musical events of the school choir the public in general as well.

21th Century

The focus are still on a broad linguistic foundation, which also includes training in languages ​​such as Latin or Greek. The school offers both French and English from the first grade. The other of the two languages ​​begins as early as the 2nd class.

In addition to this a wide range of projects are organized and voluntary activities offered. The goal of the Academic Gymnasium is the general education, which in turn should prepare for a subsequent university study.

One problem is the shortage of space of the school. Since there's a large demand for school places, the school house for financial reasons and such the monument preservation not expandable, not for all admission solicitors school places are available.

Known students and graduates

The Academic High School has produced a large number of public figures in its history:

Birth year before 1800

Ignaz Franz Castelli (1781-1862), writer

Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger (1795-1871), geologist

Stanislaus Kostka (1550-1568), Catholic saint

Leopold Kupelwieser (1796-1862), painter

Joseph Othmar Rauscher (1797-1875), Archbishop of Vienna

Franz Schubert (1797-1828), Composer

Johann Carl Smirsch (1793-1869), painter

Birth year 1800-1849

Alexander Freiherr von Bach (1813-1893), lawyer and politician

Moritz Benedikt (1835-1920), a neurologist

Nikolaus Dumba (1830-1900), industrialist and art patron

Franz Serafin Exner (1802-1853), philosopher

Cajetan Felder (1814-1894), Mayor of Vienna

Adolf Ficker (1816-1880), statistician

Anton Josef Gruscha (1820-1911), Archbishop of Vienna

Christoph Hartung von Hartungen (1849-1917), physician

Carl Haslinger (1816-1868), music publisher

Gustav Heider (1819-1897), Art History

Joseph Hellmesberger (1828-1893), Kapellmeister (chapel master)

Hyrtl Joseph (1810-1894), anatomist

Friedrich Kaiser (1814-1874), actor

Theodor von Karajan (1810-1873), German scholar

Alfred von Kremer (1828-1889), orientalist and politician

Kürnberger Ferdinand (1821-1879), writer

Henry of Levitschnigg (1810-1862), writer and journalist

Robert von Lieben (1848-1913), physicist and inventor

Karl Ludwig von Littrow (1811-1877), Astronomer

Titu Maiorescu (1840-1917), Romanian Prime Minister

Johann Nestroy (1801-1862), actor, poet

Ignaz von Plener (1810-1908), Prime Minister of Austria

Johann Nepomuk Prix (1836-1894), Mayor of Vienna

Benedict Randhartinger (1802-1893), Kapellmeister (conductor)

Friedrich Rochleder (1819-1874), chemist

Wilhelm Scherer (1841-1886), German scholar

Anton Schmerling (1805-1893), lawyer and politician

Leopold Schrötter, Ritter von Kristelli (1837-1908) , doctor (laryngologist) and social medicine

Johann Gabriel Seidl (1804-1875), lyricist of the Austrian imperial anthem "God save, God defend our Emperor, our country!" ("may God save and protect our good Emperor Francis")

Daniel Spitzer (1835-1893), author

Eduard Strauss (1835-1916), composer and conductor

Franz von Thun und Hohenstein (1847-1916), Prime Minister of Cisleithania

Joseph Unger (1828-1913), lawyer and politician

Otto Wagner (1841-1918), architect

Birth year 1850-1899

Othenio Abel (1875-1946), biologist

Ludwig Adamovich, senior (1890-1955), President of the Constitutional Court

Guido Adler (1855-1941), musicologist

Plaque for Altenberg, Beer-Hofmann, Hofmannsthal and Schnitzler

Peter Altenberg (1859-1919), "literary cafe"

Max Wladimir von Beck (1854-1943), Austrian Prime Minister

Richard Beer-Hofmann (1866-1945), writer

Julius Bittner (1874-1939), composer

Robert Dannenberg (1885-1942), lawyer and politician

Konstantin Dumba (1856-1947), diplomat

August Fournier (1850-1920), historian and politician

Erich Frauwallner (1898-1974), Indologist

Dagobert Frey (1883-1962), art historian

Albert Gessmann (1852-1920), librarian and politician

Raimund Gruebl (1847-1898), Mayor of Vienna

Michael Hainisch (1858-1940), President of the Republic of Austria

Edmund Hauler (1859-1941), classical scholar

Hugo von Hofmannsthal (1874-1929), playwright

Karl Kautsky (1854-1938), philosopher and politician

Hans Kelsen (1881-1973), lawyer, co-designer of the Austrian Federal Constitution

Franz Klein (1854-1926), lawyer and politician

Arthur Krupp (1856-1938), industrialist

Wilhelm Kubitschek (1858-1936), archaeologist and numismatist

Edward Leisching (1858-1938), director of the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna

Felix from Luschan (1854-1924), doctor, anthropologist, explorer, archaeologist and ethnographer

Eugene Margaretha (1885-1963), lawyer and politician

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937), founder and president of Czechoslovakia

Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), philosopher

Lise Meitner (1878-1968), nuclear physicist

Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973), economist

Paul Morgan (1886-1938), actor

Max von Oberleithner (1868-1935), composer and conductor

Paul Pisk Amadeus (1893-1990), Composer

Gabriele Possanner (1860-1940), physician

Przibram Hans Leo (1874-1944), zoologist

Przibram Karl (1878-1973), physicist

Josef Redlich (1869-1936), lawyer and politician

Elise Richter (1865-1943), Romance languages

Joseph Baron Schey of Koromla (1853-1938), legal scholar

Arthur Schnitzler (1862-1931), writer, playwright

Julius Schnitzler (1865-1939), physician

Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961), physicist, 1933 Nobel Prize for Physics

Birth year 1900-1949

Ludwig Adamovich, Jr. ( born 1932 ), President of the Austrian Constitutional Court

Christian Broda (1916-1987), lawyer and politician

Engelbert Broda (1910-1983), physicist, chemist

Thomas Chorherr (*1932), journalist and newspaper editor

Magic Christian ( born 1945 ), magic artist and designer

Felix Czeike (1926-2006), historian

Albert Drach (1902-1995), writer

Paul Edwards (1923-2004), philosopher

Caspar Einem (born 1948), Austrian Minister of Interior, Minister of Transport

Ernst Federn (1914-2007), psychoanalyst

Friedrich Heer (1916-1983), writer, historian

Georg Knepler (1906-2003), musicologist

Walter Kohn (b. 1923), physicist, 1998 Nobel Prize for Chemistry

Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (1901-1976), sociologist

Lucian O. Meysels (1925-2012), journalist and nonfiction author

Liliana Nelska (born 1946 ), actress

Erwin Ringel (1921-1994), physician, advocate of Individual Psychology

Ernst Topitsch (1919-2003), philosopher and sociologist

Milan Turković (*1939), Austrian-Croatian wind blower and conductor

Hans Weigel (1908-1991), writer

Erich Wilhelm (1912-2005), Protestant superintendent in Vienna

Year of birth from 1950

Gabriel Barylli (*1957 ), writer and actor

Christiane Druml (b. 1955), lawyer and bioethicist

Paul Chaim Eisenberg (born 1950), Chief Rabbi of the Jewish Community Vienna

Paul Gulda (b. 1961), pianist

Martin Haselboeck (born 1954), organist

Peter Stephan Jungk (*1952), writer

Markus Kupferblum (b. 1964), director

Niki List (1956 - 2009) , film director

Miki Malör (born 1957), theater maker and performer

Paulus Manker (born 1958), actor and director

Andreas Mailath-Pokorny (* 1959), Vienna Councillor for Culture and Science

Doron Rabinovici (*1961), writer

Clemens Unterreiner (born 1977), opera singer, soloist and ensemble member of the Vienna State Opera

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademisches_Gymnasium

Academic High School (Vienna)

(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

Beethovenplatz

school form - general secondary school (high school humanistic)

Founded in 1553

♁ coordinates 48 ° 12 '5 " N, 16 ° 22 ' 34" OKoordinaten : 48 ° 12 '5 " N, 16 ° 22' 34" E | |

Support public

About 610 students (4 April 2010)

About 60 teachers (4 April 2010)

Website www.akg -wien.at

The Academic Gymnasium in Vienna was founded in 1553 and is the oldest high school in Vienna. The school orientation is humanistic and compared with other traditional high schools of the city rather liberal. The current number of students is about 610 students, divided on 24 classes.

History

16th and 17th Century

At the time of the foundation of the high school, the University of Vienna had the privilege to decide about the estabilishment of educational institutions. In March of 1553, the Jesuits received permission from the university to the founding of the Academic Gymnasium.

The primary objectives of the exclusively Jesuit teaching corps was the provision of religious instruction, the practice of the Catholic faith and the strengthening of the religious attitude of the students. The Academic Gymnasium was located at the time of its inception in the Dominican monastery opposite the then university. The former language was Latin.

18th and 19 Century

The dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 by Pope Clement XIV led to a conversion of the teaching staff and educational goals. The new focus was on history, mathematics, German, literature and geography. The management of the school was transferred to the Piarist. Subsequently the school was somewhat cosmopolitan conducted and the spirit of the Enlightenment prevailed both among teachers and among the students. Likewise, new didactic and educational measures, and later the school fees were introduced.

As a result of high school reform in 1849, the eight-year school with the final matriculation examination was developed. The humanistic aspects crystallized out more and more, the focus of the lesson were mainly linguistic-historical, mathematical and scientific aspects not being neglected. The first high school graduates made ​​their final exams at the end of the school year 1850 /51.

Academic High School before the vaulting of the Vienna River (Wienfluß - as small as possible)

Since 1866 the building of the Academic Gymnasium is located on Beethoven place in the first district of Vienna. It was built by Friedrich von Schmidt, who also designed the City Hall, in his typical neo-Gothic style.

The first students (female ones) gratuated in 1886 and 1887 (every year an external student), since the school year 1896/97 there were almost every year high school graduates, a general admission of girls there since 1949 /50.

20th Century

The years following the First World War were extremely distressing for the high school, because there was a very narrow escape for not being closed, the cause was a sharp decline in students. The educational institution was menaced from losing its good reputation and attractiveness.

GuentherZ 2007-02-22 2707 Wr Akad Gym plaque Jewish students and Lehrer.jpg

After the "Anschluss" of Austria in 1938, the Jewish students had to leave the school, they were 28 April 1938 transfered, some of the students but had logged off before this date. The total loss amounted to nearly 50 percent of the students because the school from all Viennese schools was attended most of all of children of Jewish families. Today, several plaques remember on the outer facade of the high school the transfer and the horrors of Nazism. A known victim of that action was the future Nobel laureate Walter Kohn, he had to leave school in the 5th class.

Wolfgang Wolfring (1925-2001) popularized ​​the high school from 1960 as the site of classical Greek drama performances in ancient Greek original language. Annually took place performances of the classical Greek dramatic literature, among them, King Oedipus, Oedipus at Colonus and Philoctetes of Sophocles, the Oresteia of Aeschylus and The Trojan Women and Alcestis of Euripides. Protagonists of these performances were later Lawyers Josef and Eduard Wegrostek, Liliana Nelska, Doris Dornetshuber, Gerhard Tötschinger, but also in smaller roles Gabriel Barylli, Paulus Manker, Konstantin Schenk and others.

Over the years the school acquired the old reputation back and enjoyed high access rates. More and more emphasis has been placed on humanistic education, which has been demonstrated mainly by the wide range of languages​​, school theater performances at a high level and numerous musical events of the school choir the public in general as well.

21th Century

The focus are still on a broad linguistic foundation, which also includes training in languages ​​such as Latin or Greek. The school offers both French and English from the first grade. The other of the two languages ​​begins as early as the 2nd class.

In addition to this a wide range of projects are organized and voluntary activities offered. The goal of the Academic Gymnasium is the general education, which in turn should prepare for a subsequent university study.

One problem is the shortage of space of the school. Since there's a large demand for school places, the school house for financial reasons and such the monument preservation not expandable, not for all admission solicitors school places are available.

Known students and graduates

The Academic High School has produced a large number of public figures in its history:

Birth year before 1800

Ignaz Franz Castelli (1781-1862), writer

Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger (1795-1871), geologist

Stanislaus Kostka (1550-1568), Catholic saint

Leopold Kupelwieser (1796-1862), painter

Joseph Othmar Rauscher (1797-1875), Archbishop of Vienna

Franz Schubert (1797-1828), Composer

Johann Carl Smirsch (1793-1869), painter

Birth year 1800-1849

Alexander Freiherr von Bach (1813-1893), lawyer and politician

Moritz Benedikt (1835-1920), a neurologist

Nikolaus Dumba (1830-1900), industrialist and art patron

Franz Serafin Exner (1802-1853), philosopher

Cajetan Felder (1814-1894), Mayor of Vienna

Adolf Ficker (1816-1880), statistician

Anton Josef Gruscha (1820-1911), Archbishop of Vienna

Christoph Hartung von Hartungen (1849-1917), physician

Carl Haslinger (1816-1868), music publisher

Gustav Heider (1819-1897), Art History

Joseph Hellmesberger (1828-1893), Kapellmeister (chapel master)

Hyrtl Joseph (1810-1894), anatomist

Friedrich Kaiser (1814-1874), actor

Theodor von Karajan (1810-1873), German scholar

Alfred von Kremer (1828-1889), orientalist and politician

Kürnberger Ferdinand (1821-1879), writer

Henry of Levitschnigg (1810-1862), writer and journalist

Robert von Lieben (1848-1913), physicist and inventor

Karl Ludwig von Littrow (1811-1877), Astronomer

Titu Maiorescu (1840-1917), Romanian Prime Minister

Johann Nestroy (1801-1862), actor, poet

Ignaz von Plener (1810-1908), Prime Minister of Austria

Johann Nepomuk Prix (1836-1894), Mayor of Vienna

Benedict Randhartinger (1802-1893), Kapellmeister (conductor)

Friedrich Rochleder (1819-1874), chemist

Wilhelm Scherer (1841-1886), German scholar

Anton Schmerling (1805-1893), lawyer and politician

Leopold Schrötter, Ritter von Kristelli (1837-1908) , doctor (laryngologist) and social medicine

Johann Gabriel Seidl (1804-1875), lyricist of the Austrian imperial anthem "God save, God defend our Emperor, our country!" ("may God save and protect our good Emperor Francis")

Daniel Spitzer (1835-1893), author

Eduard Strauss (1835-1916), composer and conductor

Franz von Thun und Hohenstein (1847-1916), Prime Minister of Cisleithania

Joseph Unger (1828-1913), lawyer and politician

Otto Wagner (1841-1918), architect

Birth year 1850-1899

Othenio Abel (1875-1946), biologist

Ludwig Adamovich, senior (1890-1955), President of the Constitutional Court

Guido Adler (1855-1941), musicologist

Plaque for Altenberg, Beer-Hofmann, Hofmannsthal and Schnitzler

Peter Altenberg (1859-1919), "literary cafe"

Max Wladimir von Beck (1854-1943), Austrian Prime Minister

Richard Beer-Hofmann (1866-1945), writer

Julius Bittner (1874-1939), composer

Robert Dannenberg (1885-1942), lawyer and politician

Konstantin Dumba (1856-1947), diplomat

August Fournier (1850-1920), historian and politician

Erich Frauwallner (1898-1974), Indologist

Dagobert Frey (1883-1962), art historian

Albert Gessmann (1852-1920), librarian and politician

Raimund Gruebl (1847-1898), Mayor of Vienna

Michael Hainisch (1858-1940), President of the Republic of Austria

Edmund Hauler (1859-1941), classical scholar

Hugo von Hofmannsthal (1874-1929), playwright

Karl Kautsky (1854-1938), philosopher and politician

Hans Kelsen (1881-1973), lawyer, co-designer of the Austrian Federal Constitution

Franz Klein (1854-1926), lawyer and politician

Arthur Krupp (1856-1938), industrialist

Wilhelm Kubitschek (1858-1936), archaeologist and numismatist

Edward Leisching (1858-1938), director of the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna

Felix from Luschan (1854-1924), doctor, anthropologist, explorer, archaeologist and ethnographer

Eugene Margaretha (1885-1963), lawyer and politician

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937), founder and president of Czechoslovakia

Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), philosopher

Lise Meitner (1878-1968), nuclear physicist

Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973), economist

Paul Morgan (1886-1938), actor

Max von Oberleithner (1868-1935), composer and conductor

Paul Pisk Amadeus (1893-1990), Composer

Gabriele Possanner (1860-1940), physician

Przibram Hans Leo (1874-1944), zoologist

Przibram Karl (1878-1973), physicist

Josef Redlich (1869-1936), lawyer and politician

Elise Richter (1865-1943), Romance languages

Joseph Baron Schey of Koromla (1853-1938), legal scholar

Arthur Schnitzler (1862-1931), writer, playwright

Julius Schnitzler (1865-1939), physician

Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961), physicist, 1933 Nobel Prize for Physics

Birth year 1900-1949

Ludwig Adamovich, Jr. ( born 1932 ), President of the Austrian Constitutional Court

Christian Broda (1916-1987), lawyer and politician

Engelbert Broda (1910-1983), physicist, chemist

Thomas Chorherr (*1932), journalist and newspaper editor

Magic Christian ( born 1945 ), magic artist and designer

Felix Czeike (1926-2006), historian

Albert Drach (1902-1995), writer

Paul Edwards (1923-2004), philosopher

Caspar Einem (born 1948), Austrian Minister of Interior, Minister of Transport

Ernst Federn (1914-2007), psychoanalyst

Friedrich Heer (1916-1983), writer, historian

Georg Knepler (1906-2003), musicologist

Walter Kohn (b. 1923), physicist, 1998 Nobel Prize for Chemistry

Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (1901-1976), sociologist

Lucian O. Meysels (1925-2012), journalist and nonfiction author

Liliana Nelska (born 1946 ), actress

Erwin Ringel (1921-1994), physician, advocate of Individual Psychology

Ernst Topitsch (1919-2003), philosopher and sociologist

Milan Turković (*1939), Austrian-Croatian wind blower and conductor

Hans Weigel (1908-1991), writer

Erich Wilhelm (1912-2005), Protestant superintendent in Vienna

Year of birth from 1950

Gabriel Barylli (*1957 ), writer and actor

Christiane Druml (b. 1955), lawyer and bioethicist

Paul Chaim Eisenberg (born 1950), Chief Rabbi of the Jewish Community Vienna

Paul Gulda (b. 1961), pianist

Martin Haselboeck (born 1954), organist

Peter Stephan Jungk (*1952), writer

Markus Kupferblum (b. 1964), director

Niki List (1956 - 2009) , film director

Miki Malör (born 1957), theater maker and performer

Paulus Manker (born 1958), actor and director

Andreas Mailath-Pokorny (* 1959), Vienna Councillor for Culture and Science

Doron Rabinovici (*1961), writer

Clemens Unterreiner (born 1977), opera singer, soloist and ensemble member of the Vienna State Opera

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademisches_Gymnasium_(Wien)