Former Brighton and Hove Routes That Have Passed Onto Other Bus
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El Playón de Bayas, con casi 3 km de longitud, es el arenal más largo de Asturias. Su formación no es fortuita. Es debida a la gran cantidad de sedimentos que arrastra el río Nalón, que drena casi dos tercios de la región asturiana, y que se sitúa al oeste de la playa. Las corrientes litorales dominantes en el mar Cantábrico, de oeste a este, arrastran estos sedimentos haciéndolos tropezar con el resalte del Cabo Vidrias y depositándolos sobre el arenal de Bayas, lo que da lugar a la formación de un importante sistema dunar, sólo interrumpido por la desembocadura del arroyo de Fontebona, que deslinda los concejos de Soto del Barco y Castrillón.
El Playon de Bayas, with nearly 3 km long, is the longest beach of Asturias. His training is not fortuitous. It is due to the large amount of sediment carried by the river Nalon, which drains almost two thirds of the Asturias region, which lies west of the beach. The dominant longshore currents in the Bay of Biscay, west to east, dragging these sediments causing them to trip over the shoulder of Cape Vidrias and depositing them on the beach of Bayas, which results in the formation of an important dune system, interrupted only by the Fontebona mouth of the stream, which separates the municipalities of Soto del Barco and Castrillón.
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
Groynes, breakwaters and artificial reefs
A groyne is a shore protection structure built perpendicular to the shoreline of the coast (or river), over the beach and into the shoreface (the area between the nearshore region and the inner continental shelf), to reduce longshore drift and trap sediments. A groyne field or system is a series of groynes acting together to protect a beach. Rock is often used as construction material, but wooden groynes, steel groynes, rubble-mound and sand-filled bag groynes, or groynes made of concrete elements can also be found.
Groynes trap sediments from longshore drift so that the coast behind the sand layer is protected from erosion. Their effectiveness depends on their extension into the river or sea. As any other systems acting on the long-shore drift, they can negatively affect the transportation and sedimentation pattern of underflow areas, causing downdrift erosion. Other adverse effects (especially for rivers) can be an increase in current velocity in the constricted flow area, with increasing bed erosion and a deepening of the bed level. Groynes can also be used in estuaries to decrease tidal flow velocities at the shoreline. Rock groynes can be more effective in this case, as wooden groynes tend to reflect energy rather that absorb it. This depends on the type of wooden structures; in general screens are less effective.
To build groynes, breakwaters and reefs, rock size, face slopes, crest elevation and crest width and toe protections and aprons should be designed according to the natural characteristics of the sites as these factors have an important impact on the shoreline. Sand may build up behind breakwaters and artificial reefs to form salients. Sand can accumulate enough to connect with the breakwater and form a tombolo (a stretch of sand developed by wave refraction, diffraction and longshore drift forming a ‘neck’ connecting the structure to the shore). Considering the significant impact these structures have on the coastal environment, they should only be considered as part of a global adaptive management policy, taking into account the characteristics of the specific site and the potential effects on the whole coast. The construction of groynes and breakwaters could also be linked to a beach nourishment programme, and groynes and breakwaters can be used in a protected beach nourishment approach.
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
What a wonderful sunrise over the North Sea, Bridlington, East Yorkshire yesterday. The sea was very passive and the wooden groynes there to prevent longshore drift stood out superbly.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR VISITS, COMMENTS, AWARDS AND FOR INVITES.
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
Chesil Beach is a 17-mile long shingle bar. It's massive bulk of pebbles is sorted by longshore drift to pea-sized at one end of it's length, to small boulders at the other end.
* Given that Spurn Point is relatively close to Hull I guess it's surprising I do not go there often. It is the oddest and wildest part of East Yorkshire with huge skies. However I find it too desolate to really enjoy, though some of my friends who are serious birders love it . This shot was taken on the narrowest parts of the spit. On the left hand side is the North Sea and on the right the waters of the Humber estuary . The little wooden cabin is a shelter in case a high tide cuts you off from the mainland which is not uncommon. You can see the lighthouse which is about four miles further along the spit.
Its a hard place to describe so I will borrow some text from the Yorkshire wildlife trust .
From the Yorkshire wildlife trust website
Spurn Point (or Spurn Head as it is also known) is a narrow sand spit on the tip of the coast of the East Riding of Yorkshire, that reaches into the North Sea and forms the north bank of the mouth of the Humber estuary. It is over 3 miles long, almost half the width of the estuary at that point, and as little as 50 yards wide in places. The southernmost tip is known as Spurn Head or Spurn Point and is the home to an RNLI lifeboat station and disused lighthouse. It forms part of the civil parish of Easington.
Spurn Head covers 280 acres above high water and 450 acres of foreshore. It has been owned since 1960 by the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust and is a designated National Nature Reserve, Heritage Coast and is part of the Humber Flats, Marshes and Coast Special Protection Area.
The peninsula is made up from sand and shingle as well as Boulder Clay eroded from the Holderness coastline washed down the coastline from Flamborough Head. Material is washed down the coast by longshore drift and accumulates to form the long, narrow embankment in the sheltered waters inside the mouth of the Humber estuary. It is maintained by plants, especially Marram grass . Waves carry material along the peninsula to the tip, continually extending it; as this action stretches the peninsula it also narrows it to the extent that the sea can cut across it in severe weather. When the sea cuts across it permanently, everything beyond the breach is swept away, only to eventually reform as a new spit pointing further south. This cycle of destruction and reconstruction occurs approximately every 250 years. The now crumbling defences will not be replaced and the spit will continue to move westwards at a rate of 2 metres per year, keeping pace with the coastal erosion further north.
THANKS FOR YOUR VISIT TO MY STREAM.
I WOULD BE VERY GRATEFUL IF YOU COULD NOT FAVE A PHOTO
WITHOUT ALSO LEAVING A COMMENT .
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
Groynes
2. What are groynes?
They are a form of coastal protection.
They are built at right angles to shore to prevent longshore drift.
These structures absorb energy of the sea on the shore. Like headlands. Reducing the impact of energy on the coast.
There are 4 types of groynes which are wooden groynes, steel groynes, Rubble-mound and sand-filled bag groynes and groynes of concrete elements .
3. Positive Impacts…
It traps sediments from longshore drift, forming a beach which attracts tourist. Creates a positive effect on the local economy.
Coastal erosion on beach is significantly reduced, as the water can only reach the cliff during high tide.
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
Standing on the shoreline watching the Sospan Dau dredger pump out shingle onto the beach for building up sea defences.
This is part of the Eastbourne Beach Management works. Shingle is constantly being moved from West to East by waves along the seafront. This is known as longshore drift. The shingle acts as a flood defence for Eastbourne, so the lost material neds to be replaced or recycled (moving material from East to West).
New shingle comes from a licensed area of the Owres Bank near the Isle of Wight, where it is sucked from the seabed by the dredger.
A total of 8,000m3 of shingle will be delivered and distributed over a 4-6 week period.
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
A black and white version of the wonderful round pebbles and beach platforms at Nash Point. South westerlies by British Sea Power is a fine title, as south westerly winds and longshore drift cause these beautiful features.
Groynes reduce longshore transport by trapping beach material and causing the beach orientation to change relative to the dominant wave directions. They mainly influence bedload transport and are most effective on shingle or gravel beaches. Sand is carried in temporary suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore tend to be carried over or around any cross-shore structures. Groynes can also be used successfully in estuaries to alter nearshore tidal flow patterns.
The Afon Dwyfor is a river in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, in total the river is 12 1⁄2 miles (20.1 km) in length. It rises in Cwm Dwyfor at the head of Cwm Pennant, gathers to itself numerous streams which drain the surrounding mountains from Mynydd Graig Goch in the west to Moel Hebog in the east, then flows southwest towards Dolbenmaen and out of the Snowdonia National Park.
After a brief diversion west, it turns south, then southwest again, heading for the village of Llanystumdwy. Beyond Llanystumdwy it heads for the coast and Tremadog Bay. Its mouth has been diverted eastwards by almost one mile by the Pen-y-chain shingle spit resulting from longshore drift.
Its principal tributaries are the Afon Henwy which enters on its left bank above Dolbenmaen, and the Afon Dwyfach which joins it as a right-bank tributary to the west of Llanystumdwy. The Dwyfach itself rises in an area of flat ground to the west of the A487 road between Bryncir and Llanllyfni and flows in a generally southerly direction.
'Afon Dwyfor' signifies the 'big holy river' in Welsh whilst the 'Afon Dwyfach' is the 'little holy river'.
No space here for my tripod so I was leaning against a bridge to use the low shutterspeed(0.4 sec)
The wild and rugged coastline of Muriwai Beach. The black sand is caused by the iron content derived from the ancient volcanoes in the area. These include the large "Kaipara Volcano" which was situated offshore from the Kaipara Heads, and erupted 23-16 million years ago. Sand is moved up the west coast of the North Island by longshore drift. North Island, New Zealand
www.robertdowniephotography.com
Love Life, Love Photography
Groynes, breakwaters and artificial reefs
A groyne is a shore protection structure built perpendicular to the shoreline of the coast (or river), over the beach and into the shoreface (the area between the nearshore region and the inner continental shelf), to reduce longshore drift and trap sediments. A groyne field or system is a series of groynes acting together to protect a beach. Rock is often used as construction material, but wooden groynes, steel groynes, rubble-mound and sand-filled bag groynes, or groynes made of concrete elements can also be found.
Groynes trap sediments from longshore drift so that the coast behind the sand layer is protected from erosion. Their effectiveness depends on their extension into the river or sea. As any other systems acting on the long-shore drift, they can negatively affect the transportation and sedimentation pattern of underflow areas, causing downdrift erosion. Other adverse effects (especially for rivers) can be an increase in current velocity in the constricted flow area, with increasing bed erosion and a deepening of the bed level. Groynes can also be used in estuaries to decrease tidal flow velocities at the shoreline. Rock groynes can be more effective in this case, as wooden groynes tend to reflect energy rather that absorb it. This depends on the type of wooden structures; in general screens are less effective.
To build groynes, breakwaters and reefs, rock size, face slopes, crest elevation and crest width and toe protections and aprons should be designed according to the natural characteristics of the sites as these factors have an important impact on the shoreline. Sand may build up behind breakwaters and artificial reefs to form salients. Sand can accumulate enough to connect with the breakwater and form a tombolo (a stretch of sand developed by wave refraction, diffraction and longshore drift forming a ‘neck’ connecting the structure to the shore). Considering the significant impact these structures have on the coastal environment, they should only be considered as part of a global adaptive management policy, taking into account the characteristics of the specific site and the potential effects on the whole coast. The construction of groynes and breakwaters could also be linked to a beach nourishment programme, and groynes and breakwaters can be used in a protected beach nourishment approach.
After many decades of serving as the main employer in Kingsburg, California, Del Monte closed their local operations (Plant 25) in 2012. Laid-off Del Monte workers left their handprints, names, years of service, and sometimes other comments.
The Rakaia river It rises in the Southern Alps, travelling 150 kilometres in a generally easterly or southeasterly direction before entering the Pacific Ocean 50 kilometres south of Christchurch. It forms a hapua as it reaches the ocean.
(A hapua is a river-mouth lagoon on a mixed sand and gravel beach, formed at the river-coast interface where a typically braided, although sometimes a meandering river interacts with a coastal environment that is significantly affected by longshore drift.)
From Wikipedia.
A seaward view from the same position as the previous image. Here the foreground is dominated by the turbid and tannin stained lake water that has only partially mixed with the cleaner sea water. It is flowing southwards down the nearshore (away from the camera), impounded to some extent by the greater power of the surf zone and approaching waves. It's a solid two to three metre swell.
Wrecked boat at Orford Ness in Suffolk.
Orford Ness is a shingle spit linked to the mainland at Aldeburgh and stretching along the coast to Orford and down to North Weir Point, opposite Shingle Street.
It is divided from the mainland by the River Alde, and was formed by longshore drift along the coast.
The abundance of sand here is not so much from that carried by Theodolite Creek, for most is derived from the longshore flow of sand northward along the surf coast of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland.
The dominant southeasterly approach of the waves generated by storms in the Tasman Sea and Southern Ocean generate a flow of sand in the surf zone, northwards along the coast. The sand is derived from the many rivers (Hunter, Manning, Hastings, Macleay, Bellinger, Clarence, Richmond, Tweed, Nerang, Coomera, Logan, Brisbane) that discharge their sediments along the coast. All the while sand accumulates on the southern side of headlands, sweeps around the heads especially following local storm weather, and continues to flow to Cooloola and K'gari (Fraser Island). While some of the sand that supplies the surf beaches dries and is blown into foredunes, the majority of the sand eventually reaches Sandy Cape at the northern extremity of K'gari. Here some descends off the edge of the continental shelf, whilst some is worked into Hervey Bay and across the bay to the differently aligned main coast around Burrum Heads, Woodgate and north to Elliott Heads. Additional sand reaches this area (pictured) having come through Great Sandy Strait, augmented by sand from the Mary River, and then worked by tides and variable waves across Hervey Bay to this coast. The result is an abundance of sand which is then worked and reworked by the incoming and ebbing tides into bars, banks, beaches and fingers.
This estuary and its beaches is a get-away-from-it-all kind of retreat. This is Burrum Coast National Park. One can totally relax at this creek side, shaded by a woodland of swamp paperbarks, blue gums, pink bloodwoods and weeping cabbage palms. Sheltered from prevailing south-easterly winds, it is a delightful place to picnic, birdwatch, kayak, fish, crab and swim. Wading birds and migratory shorebirds spend time at this creek mouth each year.
P.S. A double zoom allows you to see two 4WD Vehicles and two boats being launched into the estuary (far left) and two people walking on the far side of the spit.
Traditionally, a fishing town, Cromer is the largest town on the North Norfolk coast. It was a year-round fishery into the 20th century, with crabs and lobsters in the summer, drifting for longshore herring in the autumn and long-lining, primarily for cod, in the winter. The pattern of fishing has changed since the 1980s, and it is now almost completely focused on crabs and lobsters.
Tourism developed in the town during the Victorian period and is now an important part of the local economy. The town is a popular resort and acts as a touring base for the surrounding area. The coastal location means that beach holidays and fishing are important, with the beach and pier being major draws. Visitor attractions within the town include Cromer Pier and the Pavilion Theatre on the pier. The town has a Friday market and a number of independent retailers in its centre with its narrow streets and alleys to explore.
This is where the High Street and Jetty Street meet. The building in the centre with the bow windows is Grade II-listed and dates from the early 1800s.
Source: Wikipedia
Song: Something inside so strong (The higher you build your barriers)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=7B-4Lsrx8IA
Standing on the shoreline watching the Sospan Dau dredger pump out shingle onto the beach for building up sea defences.
This is part of the Eastbourne Beach Management works. Shingle is constantly being moved from West to East by waves along the seafront. This is known as longshore drift. The shingle acts as a flood defence for Eastbourne, so the lost material neds to be replaced or recycled (moving material from East to West).
New shingle comes from a licensed area of the Owres Bank near the Isle of Wight, where it is sucked from the seabed by the dredger.
A total of 8,000m3 of shingle will be delivered and distributed over a 4-6 week period.
The Sospan Dau is a Dutch trailing suction hopper dredger. The name Sospan Dau is Welsh and originates from Sosban Fach and Llanelli's tin plating industry, Sospan being the Welsh for Saucepan and Dau being Welsh for Two as the ship is a successor to the original Sospan.
A groyne is a rigid hydraulic structure built perpendicularly from an ocean shore (in coastal engineering) or a river bank, interrupting water flow and limiting the movement of sediment. It is usually made out of wood, concrete, or stone. In the ocean, groynes create beaches, prevent beach erosion caused by longshore drift where this is the dominant process and facilitate beach nourishment.
This is a composite image, with the window layer overlaid on to the river scene and the glass portions erased to reveal the layer below. Both are my own images.
Orfordness is a long shingle spit of land, stretching from Aldeburgh to North Wier Point, opposite Shingle Street, a distance of about 10 miles (16Km). It has been formed by currents in the sea, called Longshore Drift.
Orfordness is separated from the mainland by the River Alde and is the largest vegetated shingle spit in Europe. It formerly came under the Administration of the military where radar was developed during WWII and later used by The Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, for component testing. It is now a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Picked up from a North Coast beach, SLO County. I don't recall which beach, or even which year I picked this one up. These show up after wildfires followed by heavy rainfall cause tree trunks to wash down to the beach, and eventually the longshore transport (which is generally north to south) delivers them to you! This one has been sitting on a wide railing on the staircase down to our carport. I was going down to recover my phone from the car, which I had forgotten. Inspiration struck!
I'm happy. Maybe you'll like it too. This one is palm-size. Fit comfortably in my back jeans-pocket, once I dusted off the sand.
El Playón de Bayas, con casi 3 km de longitud, es el arenal más largo de Asturias. Su formación no es fortuita. Es debida a la gran cantidad de sedimentos que arrastra el río Nalón, que drena casi dos tercios de la región asturiana, y que se sitúa al oeste de la playa. Las corrientes litorales dominantes en el mar Cantábrico, de oeste a este, arrastran estos sedimentos haciéndolos tropezar con el resalte del Cabo Vidrias y depositándolos sobre el arenal de Bayas, lo que da lugar a la formación de un importante sistema dunar, sólo interrumpido por la desembocadura del arroyo de Fontebona, que deslinda los concejos de Soto del Barco y Castrillón.
El Playon de Bayas, with nearly 3 km long, is the longest beach of Asturias. His training is not fortuitous. It is due to the large amount of sediment carried by the river Nalon, which drains almost two thirds of the Asturias region, which lies west of the beach. The dominant longshore currents in the Bay of Biscay, west to east, dragging these sediments causing them to trip over the shoulder of Cape Vidrias and depositing them on the beach of Bayas, which results in the formation of an important dune system, interrupted only by the Fontebona mouth of the stream, which separates the municipalities of Soto del Barco and Castrillón.
A groyne is a shore protection structure built perpendicular to the shoreline of the coast (or river), over the beach and into the shoreface (the area between the nearshore region and the inner continental shelf). It aims to reduce longshore drift and trap sediments.
Beaches, rocky headlands covered in hoop pines, and diverse volcanic rock formations make for a scenic landscape backing this tropical Coral Sea at Cape Hillsborough National Park. Viewed from Casuarina Beach looking due north, the sight of hoop pine forests clothing the headlands delighted us. A Walk to Wedge Island (a tied island with tombolo) was full of surprises for the diverse collection of rock outcrops, boulders and rocks on the sandy beach representing different phases of volcanic eruptions made us ask many wondering questions. The Wedge Island coral reef visible in the water reminded us of the diversity of marine life of the marine park in this tropical ocean.
And the wonderings kept flowing, as the kangaroos arrived on the beach, and as we walked into the coastal forest which transitioned to rainforest the further we walked.
But our walks always brought us back to shore of an aquamarine sea beneath an azure sky. Behold the sunlit beauty of this coast.
Today: mid-winter Max 23C, sunny.
The GEOLOGY STORY:
On arrival at Casuarina Beach in Cape Hillsborough National Park, the rocky hills, cliffs and sea stacks immediately announce that one is standing among the remnants of remnants of a volcano. It erupted explosively about 34 million years BP. "It was the first of a line of volcanoes that erupted down the eastern side of Australia from 34 to six million years ago, as the Australian crustal plate drifted northwards over a stationary ‘hot-spot’ in the Earth’s mantle below." [Qld Dept of Environment and Science]
The earliest lavas of this volcano were basalt, but later eruptions extruded rhyolite, which is very sticky and gas-rich, and commonly gives explosive eruptions. Fine ash, or tuff, and coarser cobble and boulder agglomerate from early eruptions can be seen in the area nearby, especially noticeable on the beach, are very large boulders that seem too contorted to be natural. Boulders of all these rock types have been thrown up on to the beaches by storm waves and are fascinating to explore and photograph.
By walking to the end of the beach, negotiating fantastic boulders on the way, it is possible at low tide and in fine weather to walk along the tombolo of boulders tying Wedge Island to the mainland. While hiking the tombolo one will come across some of the older pediment rocks - the base on which the volcanic extrusions were deposited. These old basal rocks are marine sedimentary rocks composed of shell fragments, coral and limestone. These rocks have been dated back another 30 million years before the volcanic eruptions occurred. Clambering on the rocky points and cliffs of Wedge Island it isn't hard to imagine the volcanic history of the area.
On returning to the beach, the expanse of sand one will notice the shimmering of the sunlight on the grains of mica sand contained in the beach. These sands have been derived from erosion of granite rocks in the Pioneer Valley and carried to see by the Pioneer River, then transported along the coast by the northward longshore movements of sand and sediments generated by the prevailing south-east winds and wave breaks along the coast. And so new rocks will form from these beach sediments.
Orfordness is a long shingle spit of land, stretching from Aldeburgh to North Wier Point, opposite Shingle Street, a distance of about 10 miles (16Km). It has been formed by currents in the sea, called Longshore Drift.
Orfordness is separated from the mainland by the River Alde and is the largest vegetated shingle spit in Europe. It formerly came under the Administration of the military where radar was developed during WWII and later used by The Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, for component testing. It is now a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Looking back along the Spit to Mudeford Quay. The strip of water in between is the entrance to Christchurch Harbour from the Atlantic Ocean.
Historically part of Christchurch, Mudeford Spit was sold to Bournemouth Borough Council in 1935. It is the larger of the two features, the other being the Haven, that almost enclose Christchurch Harbour, leaving its water to rise and fall through a narrow channel known as The Run. Formed by sand and shingle brought around Hengistbury Head by longshore drift and pushed towards the shore by waves from the east, the spit is the most mobile of Dorset's geographical features. Prior to the construction of the long groyne at Hengistbury Head in 1938, it tended to grow steadily in a north-easterly direction and on occasion stretched as far as Steamer Point and Highcliffe Castle; most notably in 1880. It has been breached a number of times naturally; 1883, 1911, 1924, 1935 and once deliberately in the 17th century when an attempt was made to construct another entrance to the harbour. After the last breaching in 1935, the end of the spit broke off and drifted towards the section of eastern beach known as Friars Cliff where it formed a lagoon. The groyne built in 1938 to protect Hengistbury Head from erosion had an adverse effect on the spit as it prevented movement of material around it. The spit began to erode due to wave action from the east and many attempts have been made since to stabilise the situation. Small seawalls were constructed on the spit in the 1960s and a large number of rubble groynes were put down during the 1980s.
Beach huts on Mudeford Spit can be reached on foot from the main part of Bournemouth Bay, or by ferry from Mudeford Quay. On the spit is the "Black House", a local landmark – in various local smuggling legends, it was built in 1848 for the manager of the Hengistbury Head Mining Company, and therefore these tales are unlikely to be true.
Text courtesy of Wikipedia.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=g79NbzdNQb8&list=PL5ZXJK33QIV...
Playa de Bayas
El Playón de Bayas, con casi 3 km de longitud, es el arenal más largo de Asturias. Su formación no es fortuita. Es debida a la gran cantidad de sedimentos que arrastra el río Nalón, que drena casi dos tercios de la región asturiana, y que se sitúa al oeste de la playa. Las corrientes litorales dominantes en el mar Cantábrico, de oeste a este, arrastran estos sedimentos haciéndolos tropezar con el resalte del Cabo Vidrias y depositándolos sobre el arenal de Bayas, lo que da lugar a la formación de un importante sistema dunar, sólo interrumpido por la desembocadura del arroyo de Fontebona, que deslinda los concejos de Soto del Barco y Castrillón.
El Playon de Bayas, with nearly 3 km long, is the longest beach of Asturias. His training is not fortuitous. It is due to the large amount of sediment carried by the river Nalon, which drains almost two thirds of the Asturias region, which lies west of the beach. The dominant longshore currents in the Bay of Biscay, west to east, dragging these sediments causing them to trip over the shoulder of Cape Vidrias and depositing them on the beach of Bayas, which results in the formation of an important dune system, interrupted only by the Fontebona mouth of the stream, which separates the municipalities of Soto del Barco and Castrillón.
A groyne is an active structure extending from shore into sea, most often perpendicularly or slightly obliquely to the shoreline. Adequate supply of sediment and existence of satisfactorily intensive longshore sediment transport are the sine qua non conditions of groynes efficiency.
Catching and trapping of a part of sediment moving in a surf zone (mainly in a longshore direction), as well as reduction of the sediment amount transported seawards, are the principle functions of the groyne.
As revealed by experiments, during weak and moderate wave conditions, the groynes partly dissipate energy of water motion and lead to sand accumulation in the vicinity of a shore, thus causing its accretion. Under storm waves, mainly approaching the shore perpendicularly, the role of the groynes decreases and a beach is partly washed out.
Groynes are frequently used. However, applied as a self-contained shore protection measure it is a very dubious solution. This is because of unfavourable side effects which they can cause locally. Satisfactory supply of sand and existence of longshore sediment transport are fundamental conditions for efficiency of groynes. The groynes role distinctly increases if they are applied together with other (soft) shore protection measures, like artificial beach nourishment or shore nourishment.
The gently sloping beach at Worthing is sand and shingle, with most of the sandier parts being covered as the tide moves in. This means low tide is definitely the time to visit as there are also some rock pools uncovered. Popular activities on the beach include fishing, windsurfing and swimming, although there is no lifeguard service. There is zoning for water sports.
Worthing is a vibrant seaside town with plenty of shops and no shortage of places to eat and drink. The Dome cinema by the seafront is one of the oldest working cinemas in the country, having been running since 1911. The Worthing Festival is held during the last two weeks of July each year. It includes a fairground along the town’s promenade.
Erosion of the Chalk that forms the South Downs has left a residue of flints, naturally occurring nodules that formed millions of years ago. Today, these form extensive deposits of gravel (shingle) on the beaches. The shingle also includes a variety of non-local ‘exotic’ rocks, such as granite. Some of these are fragments of stone from sea defences, others may be pieces of discarded ships’ ballast whilst some may be erratics. These were carried here, trapped in icebergs, by ocean currents during the Ice Ages. As the ice melted, they fell to the sea floor and were subsequently incorporated into the modern beach.
The beach is still being moved westwards by longshore drift, as can be seen by looking at the groynes and sea walls, where the beach is higher to the west of any barrier to movement.
Erosion was hugely increased during the climatic extremes of the Ice Ages during the last 1.5 million years. Although no ice sheets reached Sussex, the tundra-like conditions of severe winter cold and summer thaws led to the removal of vast quantities of rock.
www.thebeachguide.co.uk/south-east-england/west-sussex/wo...
Orford Ness is a cuspate foreland shingle spit on the Suffolk coast in Great Britain, linked to the mainland at Aldeburgh and stretching along the coast to Orford and down to North Weir Point, opposite Shingle Street. It is divided from the mainland by the River Alde, and was formed by longshore drift along the coast..Wild, remote and exposed, Orford Ness contains the ruined remnants of a disturbing past. Ranked among the most important shingle features in the world, rare and fragile wildlife thrives where weapons, including atomic bombs, were once tested and perfected