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Testosterone Therapy Palm Beach Gardens FL by Dr. Mikhail Berman

The idea of producing and possibly using synthesized hormones dates all the way back to 1939, with work that won a Nobel prize in chemistry. Since that time, scientists have been pursuing additional data and gaining new answers about how helpful low testosterone therapy can be.

Any man considering testosterone replacement therapy is likely conducted online research first. This is fine. However, there is a lot of conflicting opinions and research out there. “Testosterone therapy is bad for you,” says the uneducated blogger. “Testosterone treatment is the new miracle fountain of youth,” says the manufacturer of an expensive gel. How do you sift through all of this to know what’s true?

The only way to make an informed decision about this therapy is to visit a licensed medical doctor, who is also a testosterone specialist, like Dr. Mikhail Berman. He is a physician experienced in male hormone replacement that has invested years researching and treating patients.

He can be trusted to properly diagnose low T, and prescribe the right low testosterone treatment if it’s warranted. Men with low testosterone or hypogonadism may experience a wide range of discomforting symptoms. Extreme fatigue, increased body fat, especially in the belly area, a reduced sex drive, difficulty concentrating, these are just a few of the issues men live with who have low T.

Hormone replacement therapy introduces bioidentical hormone into the system, so your body goes quickly back to normal. Dr. Berman has found the highest degree of practical success with testosterone injections.

How Does Testosterone Therapy Work?

Testosterone is an androgen, a type of male hormone. It is essential to increasing men’s bone density, muscle size and strength, body fat distribution and storage, and the growth (or loss) of face and body hair, among other things. The introduction of a laboratory produced a bio-identical version of the hormone has been shown, in numerous studies, to reduce the effects of low testosterone, and the uncomfortable symptoms of hypogonadism.

The normal range of testosterone needed in the male body continues to be under debate. Researchers have differing opinions and hormone testing labs use different standards. However, most respected practitioners agree that the reference range for testosterone from 245 to 850 is too wide. This is why Doctor Berman is basing his therapy not on total testosterone numbers but on free testosterone levels which he states need to be in an optimal and not a reference range.

The problem is, low testosterone can be present well before there are symptoms. And, symptoms can exist before hormone levels drop below low reference of 245. This is why a visit to an experienced specialist is important. Dr. Berman works within the Endocrine Society’s recommended standard range. However, he may caution a patient who has a tremendously low level not to wait until they experience strong symptoms. Or, he might see symptoms in a patient who tests at the low end of normal that deserves treatment.

He has seen all too often, men who are rundown, grossly overweight, and miserable, when it could have been avoided and will make an informed call based on his years of experience.

What are the Benefits of Testosterone Therapy with Dr. Berman?

Our hormonal system is complex. It takes a lot of experience and study to understand how hormones interact with each other, how they feed messages to the glands and organs, and how the body uses them to regulate itself. From body heat to the distribution of fat cells, hormones are instrumental in keeping things running smoothly. Reduce the levels of any critical hormones and these systems stop functioning at peak efficiency.

For practical reasons, Dr. Berman prefers testosterone replacement in the form of injections. This means the solution goes directly into the muscle, and in a very precise increment designed to put your unique system back in balance. Dr. Berman calibrates these treatments for the optimum result.

The benefits his patient’s experience include a renewed interest in sex and an increased ability to have satisfying sex. They are also able to once again build muscle mass and go back to feeling physically strong. They become more active, and many have lost weight, especially around their belly area. Those experiencing the discomfort of gynecomastia see a reduction in excess tissue in the breast area. All of these improvements lead to a more positive outlook on life.

There is an important distinction to be made between a mood change related to aging, or a prolonged period of serious depression that is a result of extremely low testosterone. Testosterone replacement has been shown to be an effective stimulation in the area of the brain that helps you be mentally sharp and feel more confident.

Prescription testosterone is not an automatic treatment to undergo lightly or without the supervision of a doctor. If not prescribed carefully it can expose you to health risks. However, under the correct medical supervision, men with serious hypogonadism have made incredible recoveries using minimal amounts of hormone replacement.

Schedule Your First Testosterone Therapy Appointment

If your quality of life is being ruined by conditions that are the result of low testosterone, Dr. Berman is the kind of caring doctor that you can trust. He will run specific tests and consult with you about your symptoms, your lifestyle, and other important health history and concerns. Once your hormone lab results come in, you can discuss together what a treatment schedule would look like.

Dr. Berman’s patients that undergo hormone replacement report all kinds of improvements to their quality of life. Their desire for sex returns and so their sexual function, if it has been flagging, gets better. They are experiencing a renewed energy and strength in their muscles and bones. They are finding the overwhelming sense of fatigue has disappeared and once again, they can enjoy physical activities.

For many men, the culmination of all of these improvements can lead to weight loss, better, more sound sleep at night, and a lifting of the mental fog and fatigue.

Dr. Berman is a licensed MD specializing in hormone replacement, whose methods are safe and effective. With his thirty years of experience treating patients, Dr. Berman knows that only the optimal doses are necessary to enact change and give you a new lease on life.

Call for a no obligation consultation at (561) 841-1837. Find out how hundreds of men have regained their strength, energy, and zest for life, with a simple and quick low testosterone treatment option.

Testosterone Clinic: Dr. Mikhail Berman

8295 N Military Trail, Suite G-1

Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410

(561) 841-1837

drmikhailberman.com/

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My Butterfly on Cherry Blossoms tattoo that I had done, for me it's soft, pretty and more importantly feminine. Lighting from the side gives it a nice highlight, and cool shadow from the nipple piercing

Gynecomastia Palm Beach Gardens FL by Dr. Mikhail Berman

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What is Gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is a condition in which men develop an excess of breast tissue, leading to the appearance of female breasts. While not often discussed, this condition is not uncommon. In fact, it's present in nearly 70% of male adolescents. While at a young age, this condition is temporary due to hormonal flux but when it occurs at an older age, it's labeled as a disorder of the endocrine system.

Dr. Mikhail Berman is a trusted and respected low testosterone specialist who has long helped men in Palm Beach Gardens and the surrounding area to attain hormone therapies and treatments. His goal is to ensure that hormone conditions and imbalances do not go unchecked. Through the use of low testosterone therapy and dietary suggestions and guidance, Dr. Berman has successfully helped men who are dealing with an excess of breast tissue.

While particularly noticeable in those that are overweight, this condition is certainly not limited to those who are carrying a few extra pounds. Regardless of the man's overall weight, excess breast tissue can lead to intense embarrassment and stress and while exercise is helpful to overall health, it doesn't always help to eliminate the condition. The truth is, it's often only HRT that can provide relief.

Fortunately, an excess of breast tissue doesn't present an immediate health concern. With that being said, it can indicate a severe imbalance of hormones in the body, which can lead to a plethora of other problems if not addressed. For this reason, it's important not to wait to pursue the necessary treatment.

How Can Hormone Therapy Treat Excessive Breast Tissue in Men?

Both estrogen and estradiol are responsible for the growth of breast tissue in men and women. In men, it is testosterone that prevents the growth of the breasts from proceeding too far. For this reason, testosterone injections and therapy are often used as a treatment for the condition. By adding more testosterone to the blood, low t issues can be corrected and breast tissue reduced.

While aging and gradual testosterone loss is inevitable, this does not mean that it's necessary to accept this hormone change and not pursue treatment. In fact, it's important that you do not. Without proper therapy, the side effects can be vast, including not only excessive weight gain, but also insomnia, osteoporosis, low libido, digestion issues, and anxiety.

Schedule a Consultation

Aging can be difficult for many, as the resulting issues can be wide ranging and significant. Not only can men expect to gain weight and breast tissue, but mental acuity can diminish, muscles and bones can weaken, and one's interest in sex can decrease. Erectile dysfunction and low libido, when resulting in less sex, can go on to cause more hormonal issues and problems.

With the help of testosterone therapy at the hands of a low testosterone specialist like Dr. Berman, patients have been able to experience relief from unpleasant symptoms and enjoy increased virility as well as improved mood. Through the use of testosterone injections, men of all ages can once again experience the health and vitality of youth.

If you find yourself experiencing some of the telltale signs of low

testosterone, don't wait to pursue the necessary treatment. Call the office of Dr. Berman today at (561) 841-1837 to learn more about your options and to schedule a consultation at our welcoming practice.

Testosterone Clinic: Dr. Mikhail Berman

8295 N Military Trail, Suite G-1

Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410

(561) 841-1837

drmikhailberman.com

HGH-SteroidHGH-Steroids-Cycle by Kristine Hope

Post cycle therapy

Introduction to post-cycle therapy

Post cycle therapy (PCT) may be the most important aspect when using anabolic steroids. The concept of PCT did not exist before the late 1980s and early 1990s because the understanding of the mechanisms by which anabolic steroids affected the body was not fully understood in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. During this time, doctors, scientists, and users of anabolic steroids were only just beginning to learn about the dynamics of anabolic steroids and their effects on the endocrine system. It has been understood since the start of anabolic steroid use that the exogenous administration of anabolic steroids would result in the body's negative feedback loop for the HPTA (Hypothalamic Pituitary Testicular Axis) being triggered and consequently the endogenous testosterone production would be suppressed and / or reduced turn off.

Today it is a very different story in which the scientific and medical understanding of the use of anabolic steroids has grown exponentially since the old days of bodybuilding and the use of anabolic steroids in athletics. Thanks to numerous developments of active ingredients for hormone restoration after taking anabolic steroids and the increasing scientific and medical knowledge, taking anabolic steroids and the associated disorders of the endocrine system has become much safer than ever before. With the right knowledge of how to properly and efficiently restore HPTA and the body's hormonal system through post-cycle therapy (PCT), people can not only emerge from their anabolic steroid cycles,

After using exogenous anabolic steroids, the majority of users will experience what is referred to as a "hormonal crash" or "post-cycle crash". This is an endogenous environment in which important hormones are important for maintaining the newly formed muscle mass that has been suppressed or shut down. The key hormones in question are LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and then (and most importantly) testosterone. LH and FSH are known as gonadotropins. These are hormones that signal the gonads (testes) to start or increase the production and secretion of testosterone. In addition to low levels of these hormones, the overall balance of total hormones is essentially disturbed, causing testosterone levels to be low and most (depending on many factors), Estrogen levels and cortisol levels are higher (a steroid hormone that destroys muscle tissue) will be at normal levels. If the testosterone level is low and the cortisol level is in the normal (or high) range, cortisol now becomes a threat to the newly created muscle that was formed during the recent steroid cycle (testosterone properly suppresses and counteracts cortisol's catabolic effects on muscle tissue) . SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) is also a problem here, which is a protein that binds to sex hormones (testosterone) and makes them inactive, essentially handcuffing them and preventing them from working.

Normally, the human body restores this hormone imbalance and restores its endogenous testosterone level over time. However, studies have shown that this happens over a period of 1 to 4 months without the action of testosterone-stimulating active ingredients. Obviously, this is enough time for the hormonal imbalance to devastate the body and cause everyone to lose most or all of the new muscle gained during that time. Therefore, all users of anabolic steroids should strive for the fastest possible hormone recovery, which is supported and promoted through the correct use of a testosterone stimulating compounds. In addition, trying to allow the body to recover on its own represents a very high probability of long-term endocrine damage to HPTA over time, causing the individual to develop hypogonadism induced by anabolic steroids (the inability to produce the correct testosterone levels for the drug) for the rest of their lives). It is therefore of the utmost importance that a proper onePost-cycle therapy This involves using multiple recovery connections to not only bring HPTA function back to normal as quickly as possible but also to avoid any permanent damage that takes precedence over preserving recently gained muscle mass to have.

Which post cycle therapy protocol is to be used?

There are many different types of PCT protocols that have been developed over the years, and at first glance, everyone will be extremely confused as to how many different opinions exist among the anabolic steroids that the community uses and how many different ones established PCT protocols are in existence. This article presents the best possible and most efficient post-cycle therapy protocol based on valid scientific data and logical considerations. This article will also dispel various myths related to PCT and outline which PCT protocols should not be followed due to recent advanced developments, as well as newer better scientific and medical knowledge about them, how an appropriate post-cycle therapy protocol should work. At this point in time, there are still very outdated - and consequently ineffective - PCT protocols that are still used by many users of anabolic steroids, and this poses a serious danger, not only to the person who unknowingly is outdated Post cycle therapy program used but also for people who observe, learn and collect ideas from that person.

Without a proper understanding of what is going on in the endocrine system during these crucial weeks, and without understanding what connections to use, what each connection does, and how to use them correctly, serious problems can arise.

The HPTA: how it works

The HPTA is the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, an axis of interconnected endocrine glands in the body that deal with and control testosterone production.

A HPTA diagram is shown above. The HPTA regulates how much testosterone is produced at a given time and how much testosterone circulates in the body. Each individual is essentially programmed through their genetics (DNA) on how much maximum testosterone they will produce, and this is the most important determining factor. There are other factors that determine how much testosterone a person will produce, and these include age, diet, body composition, lifestyle, and physical activity. All of these factors play a role in how much testosterone a person will produce overall.

The HPTA works under the so-called negative feedback loop, whereby the body reduces its production and secretion of testosterone if too much testosterone circulates in the body, and also adapt if too little testosterone is detected. This detection and adjustment, known as a negative feedback loop, is controlled by the hypothalamus, which is essentially the main gland for all endocrine and hormonal functions in the body. The negative feedback loop is ultimately the body's attempt to maintain hormonal homeostasis, which involves regulating a system (in this case, the body's internal systems) to maintain stable and consistently favorable conditions. All endocrine glands work in one way or another and to different degrees through the negative feedback loop. In the case of post-cycle therapy The main problem lies in the negative feedback loop of the HPTA.

Within the HPTA, the concern during PCT is the restoration and regulation of the following 5 hormones for homeostasis:

- GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

- LH (luteinizing hormone)

- FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

- testosterone

The HPTA starts with the first axis point, the hypothalamus, which recognizes that the human body has to produce more testosterone and releases different amounts of GnRH. GnRH is a hormone that signals the next axis point, the pituitary, to start producing and releasing two important gonadotropins: LH and FSH. LH and FSH are two hormones that work to signal the point on the third axis, the testes, and to start the production and secretion of testosterone. This is the final stage of testosterone production in the HPTA.

There are two primary hormonal factors that are used to inhibit, reduce, suppress, or stop testosterone production in the HPTA:

- Excess testosterone - Excess estrogen

Although there are other hormones that work to inhibit and suppress HPTA function (like progestins and prolactin), these are the two primary conditional hormones that are of concern. If the hypothalamus detects too high levels of testosterone and / or estrogen in the body (either through the use of exogenous androgens in an anabolic steroid cycle or otherwise), the hypothalamus tries to restore balance by doing essentially the opposite of that what was previously described. The hypothalamus reduces or stops the production of GnRH, which stops the production of LH and FSH, which ultimately reduces or stops the production of testosterone. As long as the ideal hormonal environment of the hypothalamus is not restored, The production of the various signaling hormones within the HPTA does not begin, and it will often take months for the body to do this alone without the intervention of testosterone stimulants. The reason why the recovery of the HPTA naturally takes so long should be very clear due to the described functioning of the HPTA.

This basic understanding of the mechanisms of HPTA and the negative feedback loop described above is essential to understand how and why a proper PCT needs to be developed and used after an anabolic steroid cycle.

Decisive factors in restoring HPTA

When using anabolic steroids, there are several key factors that determine how difficult it is for a person to restore their HPTA and endogenous testosterone function during PCT. These are the following factors, which are not important in any particular order:

1. Individual answer

2. Type of anabolic steroid used

3. Cycle duration (degree of testicular desensitization)

1. Individual response: Every individual reacts to a chemical, compound, anabolic steroid, food or drug in different ways. While some people may not experience HPTA suppression or shutdown at all, others may experience severe HPTA suppression and shutdown to the extent that they may take significantly longer periods of time to ensure full recovery than most others. Like everything else, this is a spectrum in which there are the very “happy” people who recover very quickly and easily at one end of the spectrum and the “unhappy” people who have a hard time recovering after the cycle can. In between is the average.

2. Type of anabolic steroids used (the anabolic steroids used): All anabolic steroids have HPTA suppression or shut down by the negative feedback loop mechanisms, and there are no exceptions to this. Various anabolic steroids are known to be mildly suppressive, while others are known to be strongly suppressive. It all depends on several reasons, many of which are not discussed here. In any case, no matter how mild or hard an anabolic steroid exerts HPTA suppression, all anabolic steroids when used for typical cycle lengths of weeks at a time, will eventually result in the HPTA shutting down or at least strongly suppressing their hormonal signaling processes.

3. Cycle time (degree of desensitization of the testes): this is possibly the most important and influential factor. As anabolic steroids continue to be used, the majority of testicular Leydig cells remain dormant and inactive, and the longer these interstitial cells remain dormant and inactive, the greater the difficulty of essentially getting these cells onto the React stimulus from LH and FSH again. Studies have found that the problem of restoring Leydig cells after using anabolic steroids is not due to a deficiency in LH, but to the desensitization of Leydig cells to LH. In a study in which male test subjects were given exogenous testosterone for 21 weeks, LH levels were suppressed shortly after the start of administration. At the end of the 21-week period, however, it was observed that LH levels rose within 3 weeks once exogenous testosterone administration ceased, but testosterone levels did not arise until many weeks later in most subjects.

The three primary testosterone stimulants for HPTA recovery during PCT

Before you look at the three different types of testosterone stimulating substances for hormone recovery during post-cycle therapy, it is very important for individuals to understand that the use of a single compound with the exception of one or two selected substances for the Hormone restoration is inadequate during PCT. Ideally, all post-cycle therapy programs should be a multi-component PCT program that contains several different compounds that work together to achieve the most effective and fastest possible HPTA recovery after an anabolic steroid cycle.

The three categories of connections are (in order of importance):

1. SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators)

2. Aromatase Inhibitors

3. HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)

SERMs: The active substance classes in the SERM category include: Nolvadex (tamoxifen citrate), Clomid (clomiphene citrate), Raloxifene and Fareston (toremifene citrate). The nature of a SERM is that it shows the mixed effects of estrogen agonists and estrogen antagonists on the body. This means that while a SERM can block the effects of estrogen at the cellular level in certain tissues, it can increase the effects of estrogen in other areas of the body. These can be both positive and negative effects. For example, Nolvadex shows estrogenic agonistic effects in the liver, which have a positive effect in every respect, since their effects lead to a positive change in the cholesterol profiles (which is desired by many). All SERMs act to varying degrees as estrogen antagonists in this area to mitigate the effects of estrogen on breast tissue and to reduce or block the side effects of gynecomastia. With regard to the effect of SERMs on endogenous testosterone stimulation, they serve as an estrogen antagonist on the pituitary gland and thereby trigger the release of LH and FSH. Increased estrogen levels in men can and can suppress the production of endogenous testosterone via the negative feedback loop, which leads to hypogonadism. SERMs for this purpose are an essential addition to any PCT protocol and must under no circumstances be excluded. Regardless, the sole focus should not be on SERMs. to mitigate the effects of estrogen on breast tissue and reduce or block the side effects of gynecomastia. With regard to the effect of SERMs on endogenous testosterone stimulation, they serve as an estrogen antagonist on the pituitary gland and thereby trigger the release of LH and FSH. Increased estrogen levels in men can and can suppress the production of endogenous testosterone via the negative feedback loop, which leads to hypogonadism. SERMs for this purpose are an essential addition to any PCT protocol and must under no circumstances be excluded. Regardless, the sole focus should not be on SERMs. to mitigate the effects of estrogen on breast tissue and reduce or block the side effects of gynecomastia. With regard to the effect of SERMs on endogenous testosterone stimulation, they serve as an estrogen antagonist on the pituitary gland and thereby trigger the release of LH and FSH. Increased estrogen levels in men can and can suppress the production of endogenous testosterone via the negative feedback loop, which leads to hypogonadism. SERMs for this purpose are an essential addition to any PCT protocol and must under no circumstances be excluded. Regardless, the sole focus should not be on SERMs. With regard to the effect of SERMs on endogenous testosterone stimulation, they serve as an estrogen antagonist on the pituitary gland and thereby trigger the release of LH and FSH. Increased estrogen levels in men can and can suppress the production of endogenous testosterone via the negative feedback loop, which leads to hypogonadism. SERMs for this purpose are an essential addition to any PCT protocol and must under no circumstances be excluded. Regardless, the sole focus should not be on SERMs. With regard to the effect of SERMs on endogenous testosterone stimulation, they serve as an estrogen antagonist on the pituitary gland and thereby trigger the release of LH and FSH. Increased estrogen levels in men can and can suppress the production of endogenous testosterone via the negative feedback loop, which leads to hypogonadism. SERMs for this purpose are an essential addition to any PCT protocol and must under no circumstances be excluded. Regardless, the sole focus should not be on SERMs. SERMs for this purpose are an essential addition to any PCT protocol and must under no circumstances be excluded. Regardless, the sole focus should not be on SERMs. SERMs for this purpose are an essential addition to any PCT protocol and must under no circumstances be excluded. Regardless, the sole focus should not be on SERMs.

Aromatase inhibitors: These are compounds such as Aromasin (exemestane), Arimidex (Anastrozole) and Letrozole (Femara). Instead of blocking the activity of estrogen at the cellular level in different tissues, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) serve to lower the total circulating level of estrogen in the body by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which is the enzyme responsible for converting androgens to estrogen is. Converting androgens to estrogen results in an excess of estrogen, which, as explained earlier in this article, triggers the negative feedback loop that leads to the suppression of testosterone production. By reducing the total amount of circulating blood plasma estrogen, the negative feedback loop is activated in a positive way and LH and FSH are released, to produce and secrete more testosterone. This is largely due to the hypothalamus, which detects that estrogen levels are in the bloodstream also low and will try to increase testosterone levels in the bloodstream so that part of the excreted testosterone is able to be flavored in estrogen to restore hormonal balance. The other meaning of aromatase inhibitors is the ability to mitigate the estrogenic effects of HCG, which will be explained shortly. However, it is important to note that the majority of aromatase inhibitors do not match SERMs such as Nolvadex very well and that very specific decisions regarding the use of AI should be made PCT.

HCG: Human chorionic gonadotropin is mostly synthetic LH. It is a protein hormone that is produced in large quantities by pregnant women and contains a protein subunit that is 100% identical to LH. Therefore, when administered to men, it mimics the effects of LH in target tissues such as the testicles. The result is an increase in testosterone production by stimulating Leydig cells with HCG. HCG should never be used alone because its nature as a gonadotropin itself triggers a negative feedback loop, causing the pituitary gland to stop producing LH after using HCG until the use of HCG is discontinued. Therefore, HCG must be used together with a SERM and especially an aromatase inhibitor, since HCG has been shown to increase aromatase activity in the testes,

Put everything together

Readers may be wondering which compounds to choose from the three categories listed and how to use them correctly. The answer is to understand the characteristics of everyone and to use these characteristics efficiently and appropriately.

HCG

The first item to be examined is HCG. The majority of anabolic steroid users from the 1960s - mid-1980s did not even use compounds for hormone recovery purposes, and the term PCT did not even exist at that time. As the use of HCG became more popular (around 1980), it was the only compound used. Since then, medical and scientific understanding of such things has increased exponentially, and there should be no reason for an informed and properly trained person to use HCG for PCT alone. In connection with one of the other two connection categories (AI and SERM), the dynamics change considerably.

It has previously been mentioned that much of the difficulty in obtaining HPTA after an anabolic steroid cycle is the result of the desensitization of Leydig cells. HCG is essentially an analog of LH, and the testes after a long cycle of anabolic steroids would be as insensitive to HCG as to LH. However, the human body itself produces LH levels that are far too inefficient for proper and rapid testosterone production. The body's own increase in LH and FSH after an anabolic steroid cycle is also not a rapid climax, but a very slow and steady increase, as can be seen from the aforementioned study, in which it only started after 3 weeks to reach the LH values normal physiological measurements after discontinuation of exogenous testosterone.

HCG, which is used in a dose of 100 - 1,500 IU every 2 days in the first 1-2 weeks of PCT in a specific way, enables the patient to supply the testicles with a high dose to give them a “shock” - To give effect and maintain this shock effect on the Leydig cells of the testicles for a longer period of the first 1-2 weeks after the cycle therapy. Indeed, studies have shown the incredible effectiveness of HCG for this purpose, and it is even clinically suggested to use HCG to treat hypogonadism induced by anabolic steroids. After this consideration, the other two compounds (the SERM and the AI) should be used as supporting compounds for the use of HCG in this period of 1 to 2 weeks,

Despite the good news regarding HCG's ability to support hormone recovery, two questions remain to be resolved:

- The fact that HCG causes an increased production of aromatase, which leads to increased estrogen levels.

- After stopping HCG, the body has only a very low endogenous LH and FSH production due to the exogenous administration of HCG.

Aromatase inhibitor: Aromasin (exemestane) above all

The first of the two remaining problems that need to be addressed is that HCG triggers an increase in testicular aromatase expression and an increase in estrogen in the body. It should also be noted that there is an increase in the level of progesterone in the testicles. Of course, an increase in estrogen during PCT is undesirable, since it has already been explained that estrogen triggers the suppression of endogenous testosterone production, and there is no doubt that everyone wants to have estrogenic side effects during PCT.

Therefore, there is an option to include an aromatase inhibitor. However, there is a major problem with the other two of the three main aromatase inhibitors (Arimidex and Letrozole). The problem is the fact that Arimidex and Letrozole have direct negative interactions with Nolvadex in a PCT program involving the use of SERMs like Nolvadex and Clomid, which are known to be absolutely essential components of a PCT program. The problem here is that Arimidex (or Letrozole) and Nolvadex both work directly against each other. One study showed that Nolvadex, when used with Arimidex, reduces the blood plasma level of Arimidex (as well as letrozole, another commonly used aromatase inhibitor). The conclusion here is that using Arimidex or Letrozole with Nolvadex together is a very bad idea and can be counterproductive when used together in a PCT protocol. Aromasin completely bypasses this problem because it has been proven that there are no interactions with Nolvadex, unlike the other two aromatase inhibitors mentioned above. In one study, Aromasin did not show such reduced efficacy or decreased blood plasma levels when using Nolvadex.

The other advantage of choosing Aromasin over all other AIs is that Aromasin has been shown in several studies to have a far less negative effect on cholesterol profiles than other aromatase inhibitors that used Aromasin for 24 weeks in a particular study in cancer patients Exemestane administration did not affect cholesterol profiles, and some other studies have also shown that using Aromasin has no effect on cholesterol profiles, although there have been some studies that have shown negative effects on cholesterol profiles due to the use of Aromasin, it is apparent that there is no significant or negative effect of Aromasin on cholesterol than other aromatase inhibitors.

In addition to these benefits of Aromasin, it is very clear that Aromasin is able to increase testosterone levels in men, as studies have shown. For example, in a particularly noteworthy study, 12 healthy young male volunteers were selected who were randomly given aroma doses of 25 mg and 50 mg over a period of 10 days and who not only had significant estrogen suppression (38%) but also testosterone levels It was observed that the test subjects gained an incredible 60%.

According to this information, Aromasin would be the best possible aromatase inhibitor of choice to counteract the increased aromatase activity caused by HCG. Therefore, Aromasin would be used at a full daily dose of 25 mg and only if HCG was used. As soon as HCG is discontinued, Aromasin should also be discontinued.

The only issue that needs to be addressed now is to stimulate and maintain proper endogenous LH release to drive recovery until the body can become self-sufficient.

SERMs: Nolvadex and Clomid

The question is often asked among the anabolic steroids that the community uses: Clomid or Nolvadex? Which one for PCT?

Zuallererst ist die bestmögliche Zugabe zu HCG in einem PCT-Protokoll Nolvadex (Tamoxifen Citrate), da Studien gezeigt haben, dass HCG und Nolvadex zusammen einen bemerkenswerten synergistischen Effekt in Bezug auf die Stimulierung der endogenen Testosteronproduktion gezeigt haben und Nolvadex tatsächlich arbeiten, um den Desensibilisierungseffekt auf die Leydig-Zellen der Hoden zu blockieren, der durch hohe Dosen von HCG verursacht wird. Dies ist sehr wichtig, da eine zu geringe LH-Sekretion über längere Zeiträume eine Desensibilisierung der Gonadotropine bewirken kann, eine zu starke Gonadotropinstimulation (in Form von HCG oder auf andere Weise) ebenfalls eine Desensibilisierungswirkung hervorruft.

Second, mg for mg, Nolvadex is far more effective than Clomid in stimulating endogenous testosterone production and a cheaper choice than Clomid itself. Studies have shown that 150 mg Clomid (Clomiphene Citrate) administered daily reduced endogenous testosterone levels of 10 healthy men increased approximately 150%, while 20 mg Nolvadex (Tamoxifen Citrate) increased endogenous testosterone levels by the same amount daily. It is very obvious here that Clomid is very effective for this purpose, but Nolvadex appears to be a cheaper choice since it is more effective than Clomid compared to mg for mg. The advantages of Nolvadex compared to Clomid do not end here - although Clomid shows estrogen antagonist effects on the pituitary gland like Nolvadex, however, shows estrogen agonist effects there too. This means that Clomid actually acts to varying degrees as a pituitary estrogen, triggers the negative feedback loop, and reduces testosterone-stimulating gonadotropin (LH and FSH) emissions. This is a very serious problem during post-cycle therapy, where people try to restore their HPTA function rather than stopping it. Ideally, you want a SERM that has an almost 100% estrogen-antagonistic effect on the pituitary gland, and Nolvadex is the perfect choice for it. This is a very serious problem during post-cycle therapy, where people try to restore their HPTA function rather than stopping it. Ideally, you want a SERM that has an almost 100% estrogen-antagonistic effect on the pituitary gland, and Nolvadex is the perfect choice for it. This is a very serious problem during post-cycle therapy, where people try to restore their HPTA function rather than stopping it. Ideally, you want a SERM that has an almost 100% estrogen-antagonistic effect on the pituitary gland, and Nolvadex is the perfect choice for it.

When it comes to dosing Nolvadex, the standard dose for PCT and to stimulate the release of GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone), LH, FSH and ultimately testosterone is the same as a simple Nolvadex dose of 20-40 mg daily. In all studies with Nolvadex doses to stimulate endogenous testosterone production, only 20 to 40 mg Nolvadex were used per day, and it was actually shown that doubling the dose to 40 mg or more did not produce a significant difference in endogenous testosterone secretion. The only reason why many choose to use Nolvadex 40 mg daily for the first 1-2 weeks of a PCT program is to achieve optimal peak plasma levels faster to ensure faster HPTA recovery.

The final layout

The ideal post-cycle therapy protocol should then be as follows:

4 - 6 weeks total PCT time (depending on the individual's ability to recover )

Week 1 - 2:

- HCG at 1000iu / E2D

- Aromasin (exemestane) at 25 mg / day

- Nolvadex (tamoxifen citrate) at 40 mg / day

week 2 - 6:

- Nolvadex (tamoxifen citrate) at 20 mg / day

Additional optional components (vitamins / supplements / compounds) to support PCT

Apart from the main components that are being discussed, there are various other components that are largely optional but are still very effective for hormonal restoration of HPTA during the weeks after cycle therapy.

Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol): There is ample evidence backed by studies that the legalization of Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) has a significant effect on increasing testosterone levels in men and also has a significant ability to suppress SHBG levels in the body. Indeed, one of the best PCT supplements is vitamin D. There are a plethora of clinical studies showing that low levels of vitamin D correspond to low endogenous testosterone production (especially in the winter months for obvious reasons). In a study carried out in Austria, in which around 200 subjects were involved in a group with 3332iu vitamin D and a placebo group daily, the results showed that those men with sufficient vitamin D levels had significantly higher testosterone levels and significantly lower SHBG levels when compared to the D-deficient subjects. Androgen levels and vitamin D levels are associated with men and show a consistent seasonal variation. Similar results have been reported in several other studies, in which subjects who were given higher amounts of vitamin D over time showed a sharp increase in total testosterone levels and a decrease in SHBG. Anecdotes from people who have taken vitamin D and receive regular blood tests from their doctors report a sharp increase in their total and free testosterone levels about 1 - 2 months after taking vitamin D. if compared to the D-deficient subjects. Androgen levels and vitamin D levels are associated with men and show a consistent seasonal variation. Similar results have been reported in several other studies, in which subjects who were given higher amounts of vitamin D over time showed a sharp increase in total testosterone levels and a decrease in SHBG. Anecdotes from people who have taken vitamin D and receive regular blood tests from their doctors report a sharp increase in their total and free testosterone levels about 1 - 2 months after taking vitamin D. if compared to the D-deficient subjects. Androgen levels and vitamin D levels are associated with men and show a consistent seasonal variation. Similar results have been reported in several other studies, in which subjects who were given higher amounts of vitamin D over time showed a sharp increase in total testosterone levels and a decrease in SHBG. Anecdotes from people who have taken vitamin D and receive regular blood tests from their doctors report a sharp increase in their total and free testosterone levels about 1 - 2 months after taking vitamin D. Similar results have been reported in several other studies, in which subjects who were given higher amounts of vitamin D over time showed a sharp increase in total testosterone levels and a decrease in SHBG. Anecdotes from people who have taken vitamin D and receive regular blood tests from their doctors report a sharp increase in their total and free testosterone levels about 1 - 2 months after taking vitamin D. Similar results have been reported in several other studies, in which subjects who were given higher amounts of vitamin D over time showed a sharp increase in total testosterone levels and a decrease in SHBG. Anecdotes from people who have taken vitamin D and receive regular blood tests from their doctors report a sharp increase in their total and free testosterone levels about 1 - 2 months after taking vitamin D.

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Lavandula augustifolia and honey bee by Harold Litwiler

18 1

Wikipedia, Lavandula angustifolia, formerly L. officinalis, is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Croatia etc.). Its common names include lavender, true lavender and English lavender[2] (though it is not native to England); also garden lavender,[3] common lavender and narrow-leaved lavender.

Description

It is a strongly aromatic shrub growing as high as 1 to 2 metres (3+1⁄2 to 6+1⁄2 ft) tall. The leaves are evergreen, 2–6 centimetres (1–2+1⁄2 inches) long, and 4–6 millimetres (3⁄16–1⁄4 in) broad. The flowers are typically purple (lavender-coloured), produced on spikes 2–8 cm (1–3 in) long at the top of slender, leafless stems 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long.

Stems and flowers

Flower spike before the petals emerge

Calyx (purple) and flower bracts (light brown)

Calyx and corolla

Corolla (petals)

Calyx and corolla (side view)

Etymology

The species name angustifolia is Latin for "narrow leaf". Previously, it was known as Lavandula officinalis, referring to its medicinal properties.

Cultivation

English lavender is commonly grown as an ornamental plant. It is popular for its colourful flowers, its fragrance, and its ability to survive with low water consumption. It does not grow well in continuously damp soil and may benefit from increased drainage provided by inorganic mulches, such as gravel. It does best in Mediterranean climates similar to its native habitat, characterised by wet winters and dry summers. It is fairly tolerant of low temperatures, and is generally considered hardy to Royal Horticultural Society zone H6, or USDA zone 5.[4] It tolerates acid soils, but favours neutral to alkaline soils, and in some conditions it may be short-lived.[5]

Cultivars

AGM cultivars

The following cultivars of L. angustifolia and its hybrids have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-[6]

L. × intermedia 'Alba'[7] (large white)

L. angustifolia 'Beechwood Blue' [8]

L. angustifolia 'Hidcote' [9]

L. × intermedia 'Hidcote Giant' [10]

L. angustifolia 'Imperial Gem' [11]

L. angustifolia Little Lottie='Clarmo'[12]

L. angustifolia 'Miss Katherine' [13]

L. angustifolia Miss Muffet='Scholmis'[14]

L. angustifolia 'Nana Alba'[15] (dwarf white)

L. × intermedia Olympia='Downoly' [16]

L × chaytoriae 'Richard Gray'[17]

L. × chaytoriae 'Sawyers'[18]

L. × intermedia 'Sussex'[19]

Dwarf cultivars

Compacta, Folgate, Dwarf Blue, Dwarf White, Hidcote Pink, Hidcote Superior, Munstead, Nana Atropurpurea, Nana Rosea, Sarah, Summerland Supreme, Lady Lavender

'Hidcote Superior', a compact evergreen shrub 40 cm × 45 cm (16 in × 18 in) with fragrant gray-green foliage and deep violet-blue flowers in summer, prefers full sun, well drained soil, low water, hardy to −30 °C (−20 °F), western Mediterranean species

'Munstead' (syn. Dwarf Munstead, Munstead Blue and Munstead Variety) L. angustifolia variety, 30 cm (12 in) tall, having pink-purple to lavender-blue inflorescences that are slightly fragrant,[20] named after Munstead Wood in Surrey, which was the home of Gertrude Jekyll

'Sarah', grows to 15–60 cm (6–24 in), the flowers are petite, as is the plant, used as a short edging, or as a very fragrant addition to the window box, dark violet flowers

'Lady Lavender', grows to 45 cm (18 in), fragrant, gray-green foliage and lavender-blue flowers in summer, prefers full sun, well-drained soil, low water, hardy to −30 °C (–20 °F)

Semi-dwarf cultivars

Bowles Early, Hidcote Variety, Loddon Blue, Martha Roderick, Jean Davis, Twickle Purple, Pink Perfume

'Hidcote' (syn. Hidcote Variety, Hidcote Blue, Hidcote Purple) L. angustifolia variety. 40 to 50 cm (15 in to 20 in) tall, with silver-gray foliage and deep violet-blue inflorescences, named after Hidcote Manor in England as it was cultivated there by Lawrence Johnston

'Jean Davis' 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tall, up to 1 m (3 ft). A pale pink flowered lavender with exceptionally fruity taste

'Pink Perfume' 60 cm × 45 cm (24 in × 18 in)

Giant cultivars

Alba, Backhouse Purple, Biostos, Bridestowe, Graves, Gray Lady, Gwendolyn Anley, Hidcote Giant, Irene Doyle, Mailette, Middachten

'Hidcote Giant'. A Lavandula × intermedia lavandin. Very vigorous grower (90 to 100 cm; 36–40 in) with a lovely strong fragrance. This has large deep lavender-purple flowers on very long 60 cm (24 in) stems.

'Vera' 75 to 90 cm (30–36 in). Thought to be the original species lavender, harvested for its oil.

Uses

Dried Lavandulae flos as used in herbal teas

The flowers and leaves are applied in herbal medicine.[21] Commercially, the plant is used to produce lavender essential oil used in balms, salves, perfumes, cosmetics, and topical applications.[22] Lavender essential oil, when diluted with a carrier oil, is commonly used for massage therapy or aromatherapy.[22]

The flowers are also used as a culinary herb, most often as part of the North American version of the French herb blend called herbes de Provence.

Lavandula angustifolia is included in the Tasmanian Fire Service's list of low flammability plants, indicating that it is suitable for growing within a building protection zone.[23]

Subspecies

Lavandula angustifolia subsp. angustifolia[1]

Lavandula angustifolia subsp. pyrenaica[1]

Hybrids

Lavandula hybrids are referred to as lavandins. Hybrids between L. angustifolia and L. latifolia (spike lavender) are called Lavandula × intermedia. They bloom later than the ordinary English lavenders.The sweet smell of lavender, Lavandula (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of perennial flowering plants in the mints family, Lamiaceae.[1] It is native to the Old World, primarily found across the drier, warmer regions of mainland Eurasia, with an affinity for maritime breezes.[2]

Lavender is found on the Iberian Peninsula and around the entirety of the Mediterranean coastline (including the Adriatic coast, the Balkans, the Levant, and coastal North Africa), in parts of Eastern and Southern Africa and the Middle East, as well as in South Asia and on the Indian subcontinent.[3]

Many members of the genus are cultivated extensively in temperate climates as ornamental plants for garden and landscape use, for use as culinary herbs, and also commercially for the extraction of essential oils.[4] Lavender is used in traditional medicine and as an ingredient in cosmetics.

Description

Plant and leaves

The genus includes annual or short-lived herbaceous perennial plants, and shrub-like perennials, subshrubs or small shrubs.[5]

Leaf shape is diverse across the genus. They are simple in some commonly cultivated species; in other species, they are pinnately toothed, or pinnate, sometimes multiple pinnate and dissected. In most species, the leaves are covered in fine hairs or indumentum, which normally contain essential oils.[5]

Flowers

Flowers are contained in whorls, held on spikes rising above the foliage, the spikes being branched in some species. Some species produce colored bracts at the tips of the inflorescences. The flowers may be blue, violet, or lilac in the wild species, occasionally blackish purple or yellowish. The sepal calyx is tubular. The corolla is also tubular, usually with five lobes (the upper lip often cleft, and the lower lip has two clefts).[6]

Nomenclature and taxonomy

Lavandula stoechas, L. pedunculata, and L. dentata were known in Roman times.[7]: 51 From the Middle Ages onwards, the European species were considered two separate groups or genera, Stoechas (L. stoechas, L. pedunculata, L. dentata) and Lavandula (L. spica and L. latifolia), until Linnaeus combined them. He recognised only five species in Species Plantarum (1753), L. multifida and L. dentata (Spain) and L. stoechas and L. spica from Southern Europe. L. pedunculata was included within L. stoechas.

By 1790, L. pinnata and L. carnosa were recognised. The latter was subsequently transferred to Anisochilus. By 1826, Frédéric Charles Jean Gingins de la Sarraz listed 12 species in three sections, and by 1848 eighteen species were known.[7]: 51

One of the first modern major classifications was that of Dorothy Chaytor in 1937 at Kew. The six sections she proposed for 28 species still left many intermediates that could not easily be assigned. Her sections included Stoechas, Spica, Subnudae, Pterostoechas, Chaetostachys, and Dentatae. However, all the major cultivated and commercial forms resided in the Stoechas and Spica sections. There were four species within Stoechas (Lavandula stoechas, L. dentata, L. viridis, and L. pedunculata) while Spica had three (L. officinalis (now L. angustifolia), L. latifolia and L. lanata). She believed that the garden varieties were hybrids between true lavender L. angustifolia and spike lavender (L. latifolia).[8]

Lavandula has three subgenera:[9][10][11]

Subgenus Lavandula is mainly of woody shrubs with entire leaves. It contains the principal species grown as ornamental plants and for oils. They are found across the Mediterranean region to northeast Africa and western Arabia.

Subgenus Fabricia consists of shrubs and herbs, and it has a wide distribution from the Atlantic to India. It contains some ornamental plants.

Subgenus Sabaudia constitutes two species in the southwest Arabian peninsula and Eritrea, which are rather distinct from the other species, and are sometimes placed in their own genus Sabaudia.

In addition, there are numerous hybrids and cultivars in commercial and horticultural usage.[5]

The first major clade corresponds to subgenus Lavandula, and the second Fabricia. The Sabaudia group is less clearly defined. Within the Lavandula clade, the subclades correspond to the existing sections but place Dentatae separately from Stoechas, not within it. Within the Fabricia clade, the subclades correspond to Pterostoechas, Subnudae, and Chaetostachys.

Thus the current classification includes 39 species distributed across 8 sections (the original 6 of Chaytor and the two new sections of Upson and Andrews), in three subgenera (see table below). However, since lavender cross-pollinates easily, countless variations present difficulties in classification.

Etymology

The English word lavender came into use in the 13th century, and is generally thought to derive from Old French lavandre,[12] ultimately from Latin lavare from lavo (to wash),[13] referring to the use of blue infusions of the plants for bathing.[7]: 35 The botanic name Lavandula as used by Linnaeus is considered to be derived from this and other European vernacular names for the plants.[14]

The names widely used for some of the species, "English lavender", "French lavender" and "Spanish lavender" are all imprecisely applied. "English lavender" is commonly used for L. angustifolia, though some references say the proper term is "Old English lavender".[15] The name "French lavender" may refer to either L. stoechas or to L. dentata. "Spanish lavender" may refer to L. pedunculata,[16] L. stoechas,[17] or L. lanata.

Cultivation

Honey bee on flower

The most common form in cultivation is the common or English lavender Lavandula angustifolia (formerly named L. officinalis). A wide range of cultivars can be found. Other commonly grown ornamental species are L. stoechas, L. dentata, and L. multifida (Egyptian lavender).

Because the cultivated forms are planted in gardens worldwide, they are occasionally found growing wild as garden escapes, well beyond their natural range. Such spontaneous growth is usually harmless, but in some cases, Lavandula species have become invasive. For example, in Australia, L. stoechas has become a cause for concern; it occurs widely throughout the continent and has been declared a noxious weed in Victoria since 1920.[18] It is regarded as a weed in parts of Spain.[19]

Lavenders flourish best in dry, well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils in full sun.[20] English lavender has a long germination process (14–28 days) and matures within 100–110 days.[21] All types need little or no fertilizer and good air circulation. In areas of high humidity, root rot due to fungus infection can be a problem. Organic mulches can trap moisture around the plants' bases, encouraging root rot. Gravelly materials such as crushed rocks give better results.[22] It grows best in soils with a pH between 6 and 8.[23] Most lavender is hand-harvested, and harvest times vary depending on intended use.[23]

Lavender oil

"Lavandin" redirects here. For the racehorse, see Lavandin (horse).

Main article: Lavender oil

Commercially, the plant is grown mainly for the production of lavender essential oil. English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) yields an oil with sweet overtones and can be used in balms, salves, perfumes, cosmetics, and topical applications.[24]

Lavandula × intermedia, also known as lavandin or Dutch lavender, hybrids of L. angustifolia and L. latifolia.[25] are widely cultivated for commercial use since their flowers tend to be bigger than those of English lavender and the plants tend to be easier to harvest.[26] They yield a similar essential oil, but with higher levels of terpenes including camphor, which add a sharper overtone to the fragrance, regarded by some as of lower quality than that of English lavender.

The US Food and Drug Administration considers lavender as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption.[27] The essential oil was used in hospitals during World War I.[20]

Phytochemicals

Some 100 individual phytochemicals have been identified in lavender oil, including major contents of linalyl acetate (30–55%), linalool (20–35%), tannins (5–10%), and caryophyllene (8%), with lesser amounts of sesquiterpenoids, perillyl alcohols, esters, oxides, ketones, cineole, camphor, beta-ocimene, limonene, caproic acid, and caryophyllene oxide.[24][27][28] The relative amounts of these compounds vary considerably among lavender species.[24]

Culinary use

Lavender-flavored cupcakes

Culinary lavender is usually English lavender, the most commonly used species in cooking (L. angustifolia 'Munstead'). As an aromatic, it has a sweet fragrance with lemon or citrus notes.[29] It is used as a spice or condiment in pastas, salads and dressings, and desserts.[30][31] Their buds and greens are used in teas, and their buds, processed by bees, are the essential ingredient of a monofloral honey.[32]

Use of buds

For most cooking applications the dried buds, which are also referred to as flowers, are used. Lavender greens have a more subtle flavor when compared to rosemary.[33]

The potency of the lavender flowers increases with drying which necessitates more sparing use to avoid a heavy, soapy aftertaste. Chefs note to reduce by two-thirds the dry amount in recipes that call for fresh lavender buds.[29][34][better source needed]

Lavender buds can amplify both sweet and savory flavors in dishes and are sometimes paired with sheep's milk and goat's milk cheeses. Lavender flowers are occasionally blended with black, green, or herbal teas. Lavender flavors baked goods and desserts, pairing especially well with chocolate. In the United States, both lavender syrup and dried lavender buds are used to make lavender scones and marshmallows.[35][36]

Lavender buds are put into sugar for two weeks to allow the essential oils and fragrance to transfer; then the sugar itself is used in baking. Lavender can be used in breads where recipes call for rosemary. Lavender can be used decoratively in dishes or spirits, or as a decorative and aromatic in a glass of champagne. Lavender is used in savory dishes, giving stews and reduced sauces aromatic flair. It is also used to scent flans, custards, and sorbets.[29]

In honey

The flowers yield abundant nectar, from which bees make a high-quality honey. Monofloral honey is produced primarily around the Mediterranean Sea, and is marketed worldwide as a premium product. Flowers can be candied and are sometimes used as cake decorations. It is also used to make "lavender sugar".[32]

Other uses

Soaps scented with lavender.

Lavender products for sale at the San Francisco Farmers Market.

Flower spikes are used for dried flower arrangements. The fragrant, pale purple flowers and flower buds are used in potpourris. Lavender is also used as herbal filler inside sachets used to freshen linens. Dried and sealed in pouches, lavender flowers are placed among stored items of clothing to give a fresh fragrance and to deter moths.[37] Dried lavender flowers may be used for wedding confetti. Lavender is also used in scented waters, soaps, and sachets.

In history and culture

See also: Spikenard

The ancient Greeks called the lavender herb νάρδος: nárdos, Latinized as nardus, after the Syrian city of Naarda (possibly the modern town of Duhok, Iraq). It was also commonly called nard.[38] The species originally grown was L. stoechas.[5]

During Roman times, flowers were sold for 100 denarii per pound, which was about the same as a month's wages for a farm laborer, or fifty haircuts from the local barber. Its late Latin name was lavandārius, from lavanda (things to be washed), from lavāre from the verb lavo (to wash).[13][39]

Since the late 19th century, lavenders have been associated with the queer community.[40]

Culinary history

Spanish nard (Old French: "spykenard de spayn le pays"), referring to L. stoechas, is listed as an ingredient in making a spiced wine, namely hippocras, in The Forme of Cury.[41]

Lavender was introduced into England in the 1600s. It is said that Queen Elizabeth prized a lavender conserve (jam) at her table, so lavender was produced as a jam at that time, as well as used in teas both medicinally and for its taste.[29]

Lavender was not used in traditional southern French cooking at the turn of the 20th century. It does not appear at all in the best-known compendium of Provençal cooking, J.-B. Reboul's Cuisinière Provençale.[42] French lambs have been allowed to graze on lavender as it is alleged to make their meat more tender and fragrant.[29] In the 1970s, a blend of herbs called herbes de Provence was invented by spice wholesalers. Culinary lavender is added to the mixture in the North American version.[43]

In the 21st century, lavender is used in many world regions to flavor tea, vinegar, jellies, baked goods, and beverages.[44]

Bunches of lavender for sale, intended to repel insects

Herbalism

The German scientific committee on traditional medicine, Commission E, reported uses of lavender flower in practices of herbalism, including its use for restlessness or insomnia, Roemheld syndrome, intestinal discomfort, and cardiovascular diseases, among others.[45]

Health precautions

The U.S. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) states that lavender is considered likely safe in food amounts, and that topical uses may cause allergic reactions.[46] NCCIH does not recommend the use of lavender while pregnant or breastfeeding because of lack of knowledge of its effects.[46] It recommends caution if young boys use lavender oil because of possible hormonal effects leading to gynecomastia.[46][47][48]

A 2007 study examined the relationship between various fragrances and photosensitivity, stating that lavender is known "to elicit cutaneous photo-toxic reactions", but does not induce photohaemolysis.[49]

Adverse effects

Some people experience contact dermatitis, allergic eczema, or facial dermatitis from the use of lavender oil on skin.[24][46]

Taxonomic table

Different lavender cultivars growing at Snowshill, the Cotswolds, UK.

This is based on the classification of Upson and Andrews, 2004.

Lavender field in Carshalton, in the London Borough of Sutton.

Lavender field in Hitchin, UK.

Lavender field in Çuxur Qəbələ, Qabala District, Azerbaijan.

I. Subgenus Lavendula Upson & S.Andrews

i. Section Lavandula (3 species)

Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

subsp. angustifolia — Catalonia and the Pyrenees.

subsp. pyrenaica — SE France and nearby Mediterranean coastal regions of Croatia, Italy, Spain.

Lavandula latifolia Medik — central Portugal, east-central Spain, southern France, northern Italy.

Lavandula lanata Boiss. — southern Spain.

Hybrids:

Lavandula × chaytorae Upson & S.Andrews (L. angustifolia subsp. angustifolia × L. lanata)

Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. (L. angustifolia subsp. angustifolia × L. latifolia)

ii. Section Dentatae Suarez-Cerv. & Seoane-Camba (1 species)

Lavandula dentata L. — east Spain, coastal Algeria, and northern and SW Morocco.

var. dentata (rosea, albiflora), candicans (persicina) [Batt.]

iii. Section Stoechas Ging. (3 species)

Lavandula stoechas L.

subsp. stoechas — mostly coastal regions of east Spain, southern France, west Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, southern coastal Turkey, Levantine coast, and many Mediterranean islands.

subsp. luisieri — coastal and inland Portugal and border regions of Spain.

Lavandula pedunculata Mill.(Cav.)

subsp. pedunculata — Spain and Portugal.

subsp. cariensis — western Turkey and southern Bulgaria.

subsp. atlantica — montane Morocco.

subsp. lusitanica — southern Portugal and SW Spain.

subsp. sampaiana — from Portugal and SW Spain.

Lavandula viridis L'Her. — SW Spain, Portugal, and possibly also on Madeira.

Intersectional hybrids (Dentatae and Lavendula)

Lavandula × heterophylla Viv. (L. dentata × L. latifolia )

Lavandula × allardii

Lavandula × ginginsii Upson & S.Andrews (L. dentata × L. lanata )

II. Subgenus Fabricia (Adams.) Upson & S.Andrews

iv. Section Pterostoechas Ging. (16 species)

Lavandula multifida L. — Morocco, southern Portugal, Spain, northern Algeria, Tunisia, Tripolitania, Calabria and Sicily, with isolated Nile valley populations.

Lavandula canariensis Mill. — the Canary Islands.

subsp. palmensis – La Palma.

subsp. hierrensis – El Hierro.

subsp. canariensis – Tenerife.

subsp. canariae – Gran Canaria.

subsp. fuerteventurae – Fuerteventura.

subsp. gomerensis – La Gomera.

subsp. lancerottensis – Lanzarote.

Lavandula minutolii Bolle — Canary Islands.

subsp. minutolii

subsp. tenuipinna

Lavandula bramwellii Upson & S.Andrews — Gran Canaria.

Lavandula pinnata L. — Canarias and Madeira.

Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel. — Tenerife.

Lavandula rotundifolia Benth. — Cape Verde.

Lavandula maroccana Murb. — Atlas Mountains, Morocco.

Lavandula tenuisecta Coss. ex Ball — Atlas Mtns., Morocco.

Lavandula rejdalii Upson & Jury — Morocco.

Lavandula mairei Humbert — Morocco.

Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. — Cape Verde, Northern Africa, NE Western Africa, Arabia to East Iran.

Lavandula saharica Upson & Jury — southern Algeria and nearby regions.

Lavandula antineae Maire — central Sahara.

subsp. antinae

subsp. marrana

subsp. tibestica

Lavandula pubescens Decne. — Egypt, Eritrea, Sinai, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, western Saudi Arabia to Yemen.

Lavandula citriodora A.G. Mill. – SW Arabian peninsula.

Hybrids:

Lavandula × christiana Gattef. & Maire (L. pinnata × L. canariensis)

v. Section Subnudae Chaytor (10 species)

Lavandula subnuda Benth. — mountains of Oman and the United Arab Emirates.

Lavandula macra Baker – southern Arabian peninsula and Somaliland.

Lavandula dhofarensis A.G. Mill. – from Dhofar, Oman.

subsp. dhofarensis

subsp. ayunensis

Lavandula samhanensis Upson & S.Andrews – Dhofar, Oman.

Lavandula setifera T. Anderson – coastal Yemen and Somaliland.

Lavandula qishnensis Upson & S.Andrews – southern Yemen.

Lavandula nimmoi Benth. – Socotra.

Lavandula galgalloensis A.G. Mill. – Somaliland.

Lavandula aristibracteata A.G. Mill. – Somaliland.

Lavandula somaliensis Chaytor – Somaliland.

vi. Section Chaetostachys Benth. (2 species)

Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze — Deccan peninsula and north-central India.

Lavandula gibsonii J. Graham – Western Ghats, South India.

vii. Section Hasikenses Upson & S.Andrews (2 species)

Lavandula hasikensis A.G. Mill. – Oman.

Lavandula sublepidota Rech. f. – Far, Iran.

III. Subgenus Sabaudia (Buscal. & Muschl.) Upson & S.Andrews

viii. Section Sabaudia (Buscal. & Muschl.) Upson & S.Andrews (2 species)

Lavandula atriplicifolia Benth. – western Arabian peninsula, Egypt.

Lavandula erythraeae (Chiov.) Cufod. – Eritrea. Wikipedia

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Microscopic photo. H & E stain. Original objective magnification 2x. Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

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Male Breast Reduction Sydney by Mark Kohout

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Male boobs surgery by Sydney gynecomastia specialist Dr Mark Kohout has helped many men overcome the embarrassment of abnormally large breast tissue. Gynecomastia can be the result of an imbalance of male and female hormones –testosterone and estrogenic, respectively. It can affect one or both breasts, developing as a disc-shaped mound of tissue under the nipples and the areolas – the dark-coloured skin surrounding the nipple. Further more info 1300 551 151 or visit: bit.ly/2T49UGh

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Signs and Symptoms of Low Testosterone - Dr. Mikhail Berman (561) 841-1837 by Dr. Mikhail Berman

Signs and Symptoms of Low Testosterone drmikhailberman.com/symptoms/

Low Testosterone Signs and Symptoms - Dr. Mikhail Berman (561) 841-1837

What are the Symptoms of Low Testosterone Levels?

As with other systems in the body, the endocrine system consists of an intricate feedback loop. When running properly, the result is healthy hormone levels and healthy functioning of the organs and body as a whole. However, when a disruption occurs or the system ceases to operate as it should, the result can be quite damaging.

In men, perhaps the most notable hormone of concern is testosterone, a hormone that is critical to sexual health as well as digestion, weight management, and the retention of bone density and muscle mass. When testosterone levels dip below normal, the results can be severe and widespread. Some of the most noted issues include:

• weight gain and increased BMI

• loss of muscle mass

• fatigue

• no sex drive

• erectile dysfunction

• depression

• gynecomastia

• osteoporosis

It's important to note, however, that low testosterone doesn't always present itself with symptoms. In fact, hormonal issues can exist for quite some time before it can become apparent. This is why frequent checkups and monitoring are so essential to ensure that any issues are caught early. This way, proper treatment can be begun before problems arise.

It's truly incredible how far reaching the effects of low testosterone can be. While the effect it has on libido and sexual performance may be more obvious, there are other issues that while not as apparent, can also cause incredibly serious problems.

The mental impacts of low testosterone are perhaps some of the least discussed, yet are of extreme importance. When "free" testosterone diminishes within the body, cognitive decline is not uncommon. Not only this, but even typically mild mannered men can experience anger management issues and increased anxiety. This can have significant impacts not only on oneself, but on relationships at home and in the workplace as well.

Dr. Mikhail Berman, as a licensed and experienced hormone replacement specialist, is well versed in all aspects of the endocrine system. He provides a unique approach to treatment that includes both hormone treatments as well as natural methods, such as diet changes, in order to yield the best possible results for patients.

He firmly believes that while aging and glandular conditions may be difficult, there is no reason why men should have to suffer unnecessarily. His commitment to his patients and his desire to offer the very best treatments has made him a go-to physician in Palm Beach Gardens for men who are dealing with testosterone and hormone issues.

Schedule a Consultation

No one should have to go through each day feeling as though they are missing out on the best life has to offer. Whether you're in your 30s, 40s, or beyond, you should know that there is no reason for you to feel like a victim of age. Instead, Dr. Berman is dedicated to helping his patients of all ages feel youthful, virile, and energetic.

If you believe that you are dealing with low testosterone or you're concerned that your overall hormone levels may be "off", don't wait to seek out the care you need. Give our office a call today at (561) 841-1837 to schedule a consultation at our welcoming and comfortable office.

#lowtestosteronesymptoms #testosteronetherapy #drmikhailberman

Testosterone Clinic: Dr. Mikhail Berman

8295 N Military Trail, Suite G-1

Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410

(561) 841-1837

drmikhailberman.com

RHINOPLASTYتجميل الانف by DR.Kamal hussein SALEH

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الدكتور كمال حسين صالح

استشاري طب وجراحة التجميل والتكميل والليزر

DR. KAMAL HUSSEIN SALEH

CONSULTANT COSMETIC SURGEON

AMERICAN BOARD CERTIFICATE AESTHETIC MEDICINE

0097455742973

00971566516293

drkhsh2001@yahoo.com

Jumeira Beach Road, Jumeira 1 (Opposite Mercato Mall)

Dubai

P.O.Box :73756

United Arab Emirates

bmcc@emirates.net.ae

00971 4 344 2633

04 344 3924

عمليات التجميل,جراحة التجميل,شفط الدهون,تجميل الانف,تجميل المنخار,في قطر,في دبي,في العراق,في الامارات,في السعودية,في,البحرين,بيروت,لبنان,قطر,الاردن,زرع الشعر,زراعة,ليزر, ازالة الشعر,زرع الشعر,شفط الدهون,شفط الشحوم,تكبير المؤخرة,تكبير الثدي,تجميل الصدر,تكبير البزاز,السليكون في الثدي,بغداد,الافضل,الاحسن,الاجمل,الاشهر,مشهور,معروف,طبيب,جراح,دكتور,مستشفى,عيادة,مركز,افضل,احسن,طبيب جلد,دكتور,كمال صالح,كمال حسين,كمال حسين صالح,كمال الحسيني,افضل عشرة,احسن عشرة,اطباء,زرع اللحية,زرع الحواجب,نفخ الشفايف,نفخ الخدود,تكبير بالابر,شفط بالليزر,نحت الجسم,صقل القوام,نحت الخصر,تجميل الاذن,تجميل الاجفان,تجميل البطن,الدوحة,جراح تجميل,التجميل,الليزر,البوتوكسوالفللرز,ازالة التجاعيد,التثدي في الرجال,العلاج,تضخم الثدي في الرجال,بدون جراحة,

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dr. kamal hussein saleh al husseiny-consultant plastic surgeon (Small) by DR.Kamal hussein SALEH

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DR. KAMAL HUSSEIN SALEH

CONSULTANT COSMETIC SURGEON

AMERICAN BOARD CERTIFICATE AESTHETIC MEDICINE

0097455742973

00971566516293

drkhsh2001@yahoo.com

madanireview.info/gynecomastia-huge-male-breast-removed-m...

Jumeira Beach Road, Jumeira 1 (Opposite Mercato Mall)

Dubai

P.O.Box :73756

United Arab Emirates

bmcc@emirates.net.ae

00971 4 344 2633

04 344 3924

عمليات التجميل,جراحة التجميل,شفط الدهون,تجميل الانف,تجميل المنخار,في قطر,في دبي,في العراق,في الامارات,في السعودية,في,البحرين,بيروت,لبنان,قطر,الاردن,زرع الشعر,زراعة,ليزر, ازالة الشعر,زرع الشعر,شفط الدهون,شفط الشحوم,تكبير المؤخرة,تكبير الثدي,تجميل الصدر,تكبير البزاز,السليكون في الثدي,بغداد,الافضل,الاحسن,الاجمل,الاشهر,مشهور,معروف,طبيب,جراح,دكتور,مستشفى,عيادة,مركز,افضل,احسن,طبيب جلد,دكتور,كمال صالح,كمال حسين,كمال حسين صالح,كمال الحسيني,افضل عشرة,احسن عشرة,اطباء,زرع اللحية,زرع الحواجب,نفخ الشفايف,نفخ الخدود,تكبير بالابر,شفط بالليزر,نحت الجسم,صقل القوام,نحت الخصر,تجميل الاذن,تجميل الاجفان,تجميل البطن,الدوحة,جراح تجميل,التجميل,الليزر,البوتوكسوالفللرز,ازالة التجاعيد,التثدي في الرجال,العلاج,تضخم الثدي في الرجال,بدون جراحة,

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Gynecomastia – Huge Male Breast Removed – Male Breast Reduction by Slimming Plus

How to cure Gynecomastia without Surgery

I wrote many articles on Gynecomastia which is known as male breast reduction. While I was reading the papers I came across with shocking article where a doctor removed huge male breast. It was written in Daily Mail. I thought lets share with...

Treating Gynecomastia Differently by Dr Buford

Dr. Gregory Buford discusses his unique approach for treating gynecomastia (man boobs) using the combination of surgery and male hormone testing.

पुरुष स्तन के 4 प्रकार - Grades Or Types Of Gynecomastia-Gyno-पुरुष स्तन-Moobs - Dr Rajat Gupta by Dr Rajat Gupta

There are a lot of patients aware of Gynecomastia but are confused about the grade or the stage of Gynecomastia.

Gynecomastia that are grades 1, 2, 3, and 4. Dr explains about each grade where grade one is nothing, just small breast tissue. Gynecomastia can be recognized by touching your breast tissue with your hand. If that tissue feels hard, that’s Gynecomastia. Similarly, Dr explains each grade briefly and how to understand about each grade.

Later in this video, Dr tells about the treatment of Gynecomastia Surgery according to its grade and how important it is to understand each grade and treat it. Watch the full video for the detailed information.

Gynecomastia Hone Ke 2 Karan _ Exercise & Steroids Side Effects _ Gyno_Man boobs _ Dr Rajat Gupta by Dr Rajat Gupta

You must have heard some guys whose voice sounds like a girl over the phone or a boy who has male boobs or have extra fat on the chest it looks like a breast. Yes, all this happens in the age of adolescence where the number of female hormones increases in some boys. These hormones disturb the hormonal balance and result in male boobs or Gynecomastia.

Today in this video, Dr. Rajat Gupta explains the basics of Dr Rajat Gupta and why does it happen. ( Gynecomastia kya hota hai or gynecomastia kese hota hai) Dr tells that during adolescence some boys may develop breast tissue on their chest which sometimes may be covered with extra fat on the body. This breast tissue doesn’t become like a full female breast as the hormonal imbalance that made the tissue, lasts only up to a certain age.

شفط الدهون بالليزر by DR.Kamal hussein SALEH

1

الدكتور كمال حسين صالح

استشاري طب وجراحة التجميل والتكميل والليزر

DR. KAMAL HUSSEIN SALEH

CONSULTANT COSMETIC SURGEON

AMERICAN BOARD CERTIFICATE AESTHETIC MEDICINE

0097455742973

00971566516293

drkhsh2001@yahoo.com

Jumeira Beach Road, Jumeira 1 (Opposite Mercato Mall)

Dubai

P.O.Box :73756

United Arab Emirates

bmcc@emirates.net.ae

00971 4 344 2633

04 344 3924

عمليات التجميل,جراحة التجميل,شفط الدهون,تجميل الانف,تجميل المنخار,في قطر,في دبي,في العراق,في الامارات,في السعودية,في,البحرين,بيروت,لبنان,قطر,الاردن,زرع الشعر,زراعة,ليزر, ازالة الشعر,زرع الشعر,شفط الدهون,شفط الشحوم,تكبير المؤخرة,تكبير الثدي,تجميل الصدر,تكبير البزاز,السليكون في الثدي,بغداد,الافضل,الاحسن,الاجمل,الاشهر,مشهور,معروف,طبيب,جراح,دكتور,مستشفى,عيادة,مركز,افضل,احسن,طبيب جلد,دكتور,كمال صالح,كمال حسين,كمال حسين صالح,كمال الحسيني,افضل عشرة,احسن عشرة,اطباء,زرع اللحية,زرع الحواجب,نفخ الشفايف,نفخ الخدود,تكبير بالابر,شفط بالليزر,نحت الجسم,صقل القوام,نحت الخصر,تجميل الاذن,تجميل الاجفان,تجميل البطن,الدوحة,جراح تجميل,التجميل,الليزر,البوتوكسوالفللرز,ازالة التجاعيد,التثدي في الرجال,العلاج,تضخم الثدي في الرجال,بدون جراحة,

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Best Results in Male Breast Reduction Surgery by Vital Clinic by Vital Clinic

Male breast or gynecomastia is the development of mammary glands in men due to hormonal changes. Many people mistake it as fat and try to remove it via exercise. But it needs a surgery or treatment to be carried off. If you are also in need of male breast reduction surgery then go for vital clinic blindly. Visit: www.vitalclinic.com/gynecomastia.html

الدكتور كمال صالح استشاري طب وجراحة التجميل والليزر by DR.Kamal hussein SALEH

1

1

الدكتور كمال حسين صالح

استشاري طب وجراحة التجميل والتكميل والليزر

DR. KAMAL HUSSEIN SALEH

CONSULTANT COSMETIC SURGEON

AMERICAN BOARD CERTIFICATE AESTHETIC MEDICINE

0097455742973

00971566516293

drkhsh2001@yahoo.com

Jumeira Beach Road, Jumeira 1 (Opposite Mercato Mall)

Dubai

P.O.Box :73756

United Arab Emirates

bmcc@emirates.net.ae

00971 4 344 2633

04 344 3924

عمليات التجميل,جراحة التجميل,شفط الدهون,تجميل الانف,تجميل المنخار,في قطر,في دبي,في العراق,في الامارات,في السعودية,في,البحرين,بيروت,لبنان,قطر,الاردن,زرع الشعر,زراعة,ليزر, ازالة الشعر,زرع الشعر,شفط الدهون,شفط الشحوم,تكبير المؤخرة,تكبير الثدي,تجميل الصدر,تكبير البزاز,السليكون في الثدي,بغداد,الافضل,الاحسن,الاجمل,الاشهر,مشهور,معروف,طبيب,جراح,دكتور,مستشفى,عيادة,مركز,افضل,احسن,طبيب جلد,دكتور,كمال صالح,كمال حسين,كمال حسين صالح,كمال الحسيني,افضل عشرة,احسن عشرة,اطباء,زرع اللحية,زرع الحواجب,نفخ الشفايف,نفخ الخدود,تكبير بالابر,شفط بالليزر,نحت الجسم,صقل القوام,نحت الخصر,تجميل الاذن,تجميل الاجفان,تجميل البطن,الدوحة,جراح تجميل,التجميل,الليزر,البوتوكسوالفللرز,ازالة التجاعيد,التثدي في الرجال,العلاج,تضخم الثدي في الرجال,بدون جراحة,

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