View allAll Photos Tagged paradiso 37
Vista dalla costa ricorda il profilo di un volto femminile.
E'l'isola di Gorgona che si trova di fronte a Livorno, a 37 km dalla costa.
E'un'isola selvaggia e affascinante, Lunga 3 chilometri e larga circa 2,la più piccola dell'Arcipelago Toscano.
Gorgona è un'isola meravigliosa, le sue coste incontaminate, rimaste al riparo dal turismo di massa, ne fanno un piccolo paradiso terrestre. L'isola ospita una colonia penale, perciò non si può soggiornare, ma solo sbarcare per visite guidate di una giornata.
L'ho fotografata nell'ora Blu, il sole era sotto l'orizzonte, zummando al massimo...si vedono le luci del paese degli antichi pescatori che conta oggi appena 50 abitanti.
Seen from the coast, it recalls the profile of a female face.
It is the island of Gorgona which is located in front of Livorno, 37 km from the coast.
It is a wild and fascinating island, 3 kilometers long and about 2 wide, the smallest of the Tuscan Archipelago.
Gorgona is a wonderful island, its uncontaminated coasts, which have remained sheltered from mass tourism, make it a small paradise on earth. The island is home to a penal colony, so it is not possible to stay, but only to disembark for one-day guided tours.
I photographed it in the Blue hour, the sun was below the horizon, zooming to the maximum ... you can see the lights of the ancient fishermen's village that today has just 50 inhabitants.
f00285
さくらまつり
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Ryukyu/33/37/27
桜の髪飾り Chubee Monster
アウトフィット -Paradiso-
桜のおだんご KREAMY.
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桜まつり
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Completing the 1001 book version wouldn't be possible for me, but movies, well, maybe, but don't know if i wanted to.
This book's listing doesn't reach 1001 titles, but goes up to about 974, dated from 1902 up until 2003. I think its about time they update. I've marked the one I saw with an Astrix (*), two for the one I like. It looks like i've got a long way to go.
So far I'm not that impressed with all the movie in the list, so I'll check internet reviews before i add them to my viewing list.
"1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die"
1. A Trip to the Moon (1902)
2. The Great Train Robbery (1903)
3. The Birth of a Nation (1915)
4. Les Vampires (1915)
5. Intolerance (1916)
6. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919)
7. Broken Blossoms (1919)
8. Way Down East (1920)
9. Within Our Gates (1920)
10. The Phantom Carriage (1921)
11. Orphans of the Storm (1921)
12. The Smiling Madame Beudet (1922)
13. Dr. Mabuse, Parts 1 and 2 (1922)
14. Nanook of the North (1922)
15. Nosferatu, A Symphony of Terror(1922)
16. Haxan (1923)
17. Foolish Wives (1922)
18. Our Hospitality (1923)
19. The Wheel (1923)
20. The Thief of Bagdad (1924)
21. Strike (1924)
22. Greed (1924)
23. Sherlock, Jr. (1924)
24. The Last Laugh (1924)
25. Seven Chances (1925)
26. The Phantom of the Opera (1925)*
27. The Battleship Potemkin (1925)
28. The Gold Rush (1925)
29. The Big Parade (1925)
30. Metropolis (1927)
31. Sunrise (1927)
32. The General (1927)
33. The Unknown (1927)
34. October (1927)
35. The Jazz Singer (1927)
36. Napoleon (1927)
37. The Kid Brother (1927)
38. The Crowd (1928)
39. The Docks of New York (1928)
40. An Andalusian Dog (1928)
41. The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928)
42. Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928)
43. Storm over Asia (1928)
44. Blackmail (1929)
45. The Man with the Movie Camera (1929)
46. Pandora's Box (1929)
47. The Blue Angel (1930)
48. The Age Of Gold (1930)
49. Earth (1930)
50. Little Caesar (1930)
51. All Quiet on the Western Front (1930)
52. Freedom For Us (1931)
53. The Million (1931)
54. Tabu (1931)
55. Dracula (1931)
56. Frankenstein (1931)
57. City Lights (1931)
58. The Public Enemy (1931)
59. M (1931)
60. The Bitch (1931)
61. The Vampire (1932)
62. Love Me Tonight (1932)
63. Boudu Saved from Drowning (1932)
64. I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932)
65. Trouble in Paradise (1932)
66. Scarface: The Shame Of A Nation (1932)
67. Shanghai Express (1932)
68. Freaks (1932)
69. Me and My Gal (1932)
70. Zero for Conduct (1933)
71. 42nd Street (1933)
72. Footlight Parade (1933)
73. Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933)
74. She Done Him Wrong (1933)
75. Duck Soup (1933)
76. Queen Christina (1933)
77. Land Without Bread (1933)
78. King Kong (1933)
79. The Bitter Tea of General Yen (1933)
80. Sons of the Desert (1933)
81. It's a Gift (1934)
82. Triumph of the Will (1934)
83. L'Atalante (1934)
84. The Black Cat (1934)
85. Judge Priest (1934)
86. It Happened One Night (1934)
87. The Thin Man (1934)
88. Captain Blood (1935)
89. Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)
90. A Night at the Opera (1935)
91. The 39 Steps (1935)
92. Bride of Frankenstein (1935)
93. Top Hat (1935)
94. A Day in the Country (1936)
95. Modern Times (1936)
96. Swing Time (1936)
97. My Man Godfrey (1936)
98. Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936)
99. Camille (1936)
100. Sabotage (1936)
101. Dodsworth (1936)
102. Things to Come (1936)
103. The Story of a Cheat (1936)
104. Captains Courageous (1937)
105. Midnight Song (1937)
106. Grand Illusion (1937)
107. Stella Dallas (1937)
108. The Life of Emile Zola (1937)
109. Make Way for Tomorrow (1937)
110. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
111. The Awful Truth (1937)
112. Pepe Le Moko (1937)
113. Jezebel (1938)
114. The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938)*
115. Angels with Dirty Faces (1938)
116. Olympia (1938)
117. The Baker's Wife (1938)
118. Bringing Up Baby (1938)
119. Stagecoach (1939)
120. The Story of the Late Chrysanthemums (1939)
121. Babes in Arms (1939)
122. Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)
123. The Wizard of Oz (1939)
124. Destry Rides Again (1939)
125. Only Angels Have Wings (1939)
126. Gone With the Wind (1939)
127. Daybreak (1939)
128. Gunga Din (1939)
129. Ninotchka (1939)
130. The Rules of the Game (1939)
131. Wuthering Heights (1939)
132. His Girl Friday (1940)
133. Rebecca (1940)
134. Fantasia (1940)
135. The Philadelphia Story (1940)
136. The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
137. Dance, Girl, Dance (1940)
137. Pinocchio (1940)
138. The Mortal Storm (1940)
139. The Bank Dick (1940)
140. Citizen Kane (1941)
141. The Lady Eve (1941)
142. The Wolf Man (1941)
143. The Maltese Falcon (1941)*
144. Sergeant York (1941)
145. Dumbo (1941)
146. High Sierra (1941)
147. Sullivan's Travels (1941)
148. How Green Was My Valley (1941)
149. The Palm Beach Story (1942)
150. Now, Voyager (1942)
151. Casablanca (1942)
152. To Be or Not to Be (1942)
153. Cat People (1942)
154. The Magnificent Ambersons (1942)
155. Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942)
156. Meshes of the Afternoon (1943)
157. Fires Were Started (1943)
158. The Man in Grey (1943)
158. The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943)
159. I Walked with a Zombie (1943)
160. The Seventh Victim (1943)
161. The Ox-Bow Incident (1943)
162. Shadow of a Doubt (1943)
163. Ossessione (1943)
164. Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)
165. To Have and Have Not (1944)
166. Laura (1944)
167. Gaslight (1944)
168. Henry V (1944)
169. Ivan the Terrible, Parts One and Two (1944)
170. Double Indemnity (1944)
171. Murder, My Sweet (1944)
172. The Battle of San Pietro (1945)
173. Spellbound (1945)
174. Mildred Pierce (1945)
175. The Children of Paradise (1945)
176. Open City (1945)
177. The Lost Weekend (1945)
178. Detour (1945)
179. I Know Where I'm Going! (1945)
180. The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)
181. Brief Encounter (1946)
182. Paisan (1946)
183. The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946)
184. My Darling Clementine (1946)
185. The Stranger (1946)
186. Beauty and the Beast (1946)
187. The Big Sleep (1946)
188. The Killers (1946)
189. A Matter of Life and Death (1946)
190. Great Expectations (1946)**
191. Notorious (1946)
192. Black Narcissus (1946)
193. It's a Wonderful Life (1946)
194. Gilda (1946)
195. Monsieur Verdoux (1947)
196. Out of the Past (1947)
197. The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947)
198. Odd Man Out (1947)
199. The Bicycle Thief (1948)
200. Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948)
201. Secret Beyond the Door (1948)
202. Force of Evil (1948)
203. Spring in a Small Town (1948)
204. Red River (1948)
205. Rope (1948)
206. The Snake Pit (1948)
207. The Lady from Shanghai (1948)
208. The Paleface (1948)
209. The Red Shoes (1948)
210. The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)
211. Louisiana Story (1948)
212. The Heiress (1949)
213. Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949)
214. Gun Crazy (1949)
215. Adam's Rib (1949)
216. Whiskey Galore! (1949)
217. White Heat (1949)
218. The Reckless Moment (1949)
219. The Third Man (1949)
220. On the Town (1949)
221. Orpheus (1949)
222. The Asphalt Jungle (1950)
223. Rashomon (1950)
224. Winchester '73 (1950)
225. Rio Grande (1950)
226. All About Eve (1950)
227. Sunset Blvd. (1950)
228. Los Olvidados (1950)
229. In a Lonely Place (1950)
230. The Big Carnival (1951)
231. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
232. Strangers on a Train (1951)
233. The Lavender Hill Mob (1951)
234. Pandora and the Flying Dutchman (1951)
235. The African Queen (1951)
236. Diary of a Country Priest (1951)
237. An American in Paris (1951)
238. A Place in the Sun (1951)
239. The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951)
240. The Quiet Man (1952)
241. Forbidden Games (1952)
242. Angel Face (1952)
243. Singin' in the Rain (1952)
244. To Live (1952)
245. Europa '51 (1952)
246. The Bad and the Beautiful (1952)
247. The Big Sky (1952)
248. High Noon (1952)
249. Umberto D (1952)
250. The Golden Coach (1952)
251. The Bigamist (1953)
252. The Band Wagon (1953)
253. Madame De… (1953)
254. From Here to Eternity (1953)
255. Tokyo Story (1953)
256. Roman Holiday (1953)
257. Wages of Fear (1953)
258. The Naked Spur (1953)
259. Pickup on South Street (1953)
260. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953)
261. The Big Heat (1953)
262. M. Hulot's Holiday (1953)
263. Voyage in Italy (1953)
264. Tales of Ugetsu (1953)
265. Shane (1953)
266. Beat the Devil (1953)
267. Johnny Guitar (1954)
268. On the Waterfront (1954)
269. Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954)
270. Les Diaboliques (1954)
271. Animal Farm (1954)
272. Rear Window (1954)
273. A Star Is Born (1954)
274. The Barefoot Contessa (1954)
275. The Road (1954)
276. The Seven Samurai (1954)
277. The Wanton Countess (1954)
278. Silver Lode (1954)
279. Carmen Jones (1954)
280. Sansho the Baliff (1954)
281. Salt of the Earth (1954)
282. Artists and Models (1955)
283. Guys and Dolls (1955)
284. Pather Panchali (1955)
285. Bad Day at Black Rock (1955)
286. The Mad Masters (1955)
287. Hill 24 Doesn't Answer (1955)
287. The Ladykillers (1955)
288. Marty (1955)
289. Ordet (1955)
290. Bob the Gambler (1955)
291. Kiss Me Deadly (1955)
292. The Man from Laramie (1955)
293. Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
294. The Phenix City Story (1955)
295. Smiles of a Summer Night (1955)
296. Night and Fog (1955)
297. The Night of the Hunter (1955)
298. The Sins of Lola Montes (1955)
299. Forbidden Planet (1956)
300. The Burmese Harp (1956)
301. The Searchers (1956)
302. A Man Escaped (1956)
303. Written on the Wind (1956)
304. The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956)
305. Giant (1956)
306. All That Heaven Allows (1956)
307. Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956)
308. The Wrong Man (1956)
309. Bigger Than Life (1956)
310. High Society (1956)
311. The Ten Commandments (1956)
312. 12 Angry Men (1957)
313. The Seventh Seal (1957)
314. An Affair to Remember (1957)
315. Wild Strawberries (1957)
316. The Nights of Cabiria (1957)
317. Throne of Blood (1957)
318. The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957)
319. The Unvanquished (1957)
320. Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957)
321. The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
322. Mother India (1957)
323. The Cranes Are Flying (1957)
324. Paths of Glory (1957)
325. Sweet Smell of Success (1957)
326. Man of the West (1958)
327. Touch of Evil (1958)
328. Cairo Station (1958)
328. Gigi (1958)
329. The Defiant Ones (1958)
330. Vertigo (1958)
331. Ashes and Diamonds (1958)
332. Horror of Dracula (1958)
333. My Uncle (1958)
334. The Music Room (1958)
335. The 400 Blows (1959)
336. North by Northwest (1959)
337. Some Like It Hot (1959)
338. Anatomy of a Murder (1959)
339. Eyes without a Face (1959)
340. Ride Lonesome (1959)
341. Black Orpheus (1959)
342. Shadows (1959)
343. The World of Apu (1959)
344. Breathless (1959)
345. Ben-Hur (1959)**
346. Pickpocket (1959)
347. Hiroshima Mon Amour (1959)
348. Rio Bravo (1959)
349. The Hole (1959)
350. Floating Weeds (1959)
351. Rocco and His Brothers (1960)
352. La Dolce Vita (1960)
353. Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960)
354. Shoot the Piano Player (1960)
355. The Adventure (1960)
356. The Young One (1960)
357. The Cloud-Capped Star (1960)
358. The Housemaid (1960)
358. Psycho (1960)
359. Revenge of the Vampire / Black Sunday (1960)
360. Peeping Tom (1960)
361. The Apartment (1960)
362. Spartacus (1960)
363. Splendor in the Grass (1961)
364. Last Year at Marienbad (1961)
365. The Pier (1961)
366. One-Eyed Jacks (1961)
367. Lola (1961)
368. Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)
369. The Night (1961)
370. Jules and Jim (1961)
371. Viridiana (1961)
372. The Ladies Man (1961)
373. Through a Glass Darkly (1961)
374. Chronicle of a Summer (1961)
375. The Hustler (1961)
376. West Side Story (1961)
377. A Dog's Life (1962)
378. Cleo from 5 to 7 (1962)
379. Dog Star Man (1962)
380. An Autumn Afternoon (1962)
381. The Eclipse (1962)
382. Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
383. To Kill a Mockingbird (1962)
384. The Manchurian Candidate (1962)
385. Lolita (1962)
386. Keeper of Promises (1962)
387. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962)
388. What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962)
389. My Life to Live (1962)
390. Heaven and Earth Magic (1962)
390. The Birds (1963)
391. The Nutty Professor (1963)
392. Blonde Cobra (1963)
393. The Cool World (1963)
393. 8 1/2 (1963)
394. Passenger (1963)
395. Contempt (1963)
396. Hud (1963)
397. Winter Light (1963)
398. Flaming Creatures (1963)
399. The Great Escape (1963)
400. Shock Corridor (1963)
401. The Leopard (1963)
402. Barren Lives (1963)
403. Mediteranee (1963)
403. The House is Black (1963)
404. The Haunting (1963)
405. An Actor's Revenge (1963)
406. The Servant (1963)
407. Goldfinger (1964)**
408. Scorpio Rising (1964)
409. The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964)
410. Marnie (1964)
411. My Fair Lady (1964)
412. Woman in the Dunes (1964)
413. Dr. Strangelove (1964)
414. A Hard Day's Night (1964)
415. The Red Desert (1964)
416. Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1964)
417. The Masque of the Red Death (1964)
418. Before the Revolution (1964)
419. Gertrud (1964)
420. The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964)
421. Black God, White Devil (1964)
422. The Demon (1964)
423. Vinyl (1965)
424. The Shop on Main Street (1965)
425. Doctor Zhivago (1965)
426. The War Game (1965)
427. Tokyo Olympiad (1965)
428. The Battle of Algiers (1965)
429. The Sound of Music (1965)
430. The Saragossa Manuscript (1965)
431. Alphaville (1965)
432. Chimes at Midnight (1965)
433. Repulsion (1965)
434. Juliet of the Spirits (1965)
435. Pierrot Goes Wild (1965)
436. Faster, Pussy Cat! Kill! Kill! (1965)
437. Golden River (1965)
438. The Man Who Had His Hair Cut Short (1965)
439. Hold Me While I'm Naked (1966)
440. Blowup (1966)
441. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (1966)
442. Daisies (1966)
443. Come Drink with Me (1966)
444. Seconds (1966)
445. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966)
446. Persona (1966)
447. Masculine-Feminine (1966)
448. Balthazar (1966)
449. In the Heat of the Night (1967)
450. Two or Three Things I Know About Her (1967)
451. The Graduate (1967)
452. Playtime (1967)
453. Report (1967)
453. Hombre (1967)
454. Belle de Jour (1967)
455. The Young Girls of Rochefort (1967)
456. Week End (1967)
457. The Godson (1967)
458. Cool Hand Luke (1967)
459. Point Blank (1967)
460. Wavelength (1967)
461. Bonnie and Clyde (1967)
462. The Red and the White (1967)
463. Marketa Lazarova (1967)
464. The Jungle Book (1967)
465. The Fireman's Ball (1967)
466. Earth Entranced (1967)
467. Closely Watched Trains (1967)
468. Vij (1967)
469. The Cow (1968)
470. Once Upon a Time in the West (1968)
471. Planet of the Apes (1968)
472. Faces (1968)
473. Rosemary's Baby (1968)
474. If… (1968)
475. Memories of Underdevelopment (1968)
476. The Producers (1968)
477. David Holzman's Diary (1968)
477. Shame (1968)
478. 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)**
479. Hour of the Wolf (1968)
480. Targets (1968)
481. Night of the Living Dead (1968)
482. My Night with Maud (1969)
483. Lucia (1969)
483. A Touch of Zen (1969)
484. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
485. Midnight Cowboy (1969)
486. Satyricon (1969)
487. Z (1969)
488. The Conformist (1969)
489. Easy Rider (1969)
490. High School (1969)
491. In the Year of the Pig (1969)
492. The Wild Bunch (1969)
493. Andrei Rublev (1969)
494. The Butcher (1969)
495. The Color of Pomegranates (1969)
496. Kes (1969)
497. Tristana (1970)
498. Five Easy Pieces (1970)
499. El Topo (1970)
500. Woodstock (1970)
501. Deep End (1970)
502. The Spider's Stratagem (1970)
503. Little Big Man (1970)
504. The Ear (1970)
505. Patton (1970)
506. M*A*S*H (1970)
507. Performance (1970)
508. Gimme Shelter (1970)
509. Zabriskie Point (1970)
510. The Bird with The Crystal Plumage (1970)
511. The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (1970)
512. Wanda (1971)
512. W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism (1971)
513. A Clockwork Orange (1971)
514. The Sorrow and the Pity (1971)
515. Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (1971)
516. McCabe and Mrs. Miller (1971)
517. Walkabout (1971)
518. Klute (1971)
519. Harold and Maude (1971)
520. Red Psalm (1971)
521. Get Carter (1971)
522. The French Connection (1971)
523. Shaft (1971)
524. Dirty Harry (1971)
525. Murmur of the Heart (1971)
526. Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song (1971)
527. The Last Picture Show (1971)
528. Straw Dogs (1971)
529. Two-Lane Blacktop (1971)
530. The Heartbreak Kid (1972)
531. Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972)
532. Cabaret (1972)
533. Last Tango in Paris (1972)
534. High Plains Drifter (1972)
535. Sleuth (1972)
536. Deliverance (1972)
537. Solaris (1972)
538. The Godfather (1972)
539. Cries and Whispers (1972)
540. Fat City (1972)
541. The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (1972)
542. The Bitter Tears of Petra Von Kant (1972)
543. Frenzy (1972)
544. Pink Flamingos (1972)
545. Superfly (1972)
546. The Sting (1973)
547. The Mother and the Whore (1973)
548. Badlands (1973)
549. American Graffiti (1973)
550. Papillon (1973)
551. Enter the Dragon (1973)
552. Mean Streets (1973)
553. The Long Goodbye (1973)
554. The Wicker Man (1973)
555. Day for Night (1973)
556. Don't Look Now (1973)
557. Sleeper (1973)
558. Serpico (1973)
559. The Exorcist (1973)
560. Turkish Delight (1973)
561. The Spirit of the Beehive (1973)
562. Fantastic Planet (1973)
563. Amarcord (1973)
564. The Harder They Come (1973)
565. Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973)
566. Dersu Uzala (1974)
567. The Conversation (1974)
568. The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974)*
569. The Mirror (1974)
570. A Woman Under the Influence (1974)
571. Young Frankenstein (1974)
572. Chinatown (1974)
573. Celine and Julie Go Boating (1974)
574. Blazing Saddles (1974)
575. The Godfather Part II (1974)**
576. Ali: Fear Eats the Soul (1974)
577. Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1974)
578. Dog Day Afternoon (1975)
579. One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
580. Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai Du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975)
581. The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975)
582. The Wall (1975)
583. Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975)
584. Barry Lyndon (1975)
585. Fox and His Friends (1975)
586. India Song (1975)
586. Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975)
587. Manila in the Claws of Brightness (1975)
588. Salo, or the 120 Days of Sodom (1975)
589. Nashville (1975)
590. Cria! (1975)
591. The Travelling Players (1975)
592. Jaws (1975)*
593. The Killing of a Chinese Bookie (1976)
594. Carrie (1976)*
595. The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976)
596. All the President's Men (1976)
597. Rocky (1976)**
598. Taxi Driver (1976)
599. Network (1976)
600. Ascent (1976)
601. In the Realm of the Senses (1976)
602. 1900 (1976)
603. The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976)
604. Star Wars (1977)*
605. Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
606. The Last Wave (1977)
607. Annie Hall (1977)
608. Last Chants for a Slow Dance (1977)
608. Stroszek (1977)
609. Man of Marble (1977)
610. Saturday Night Fever (1977)
611. Killer of Sheep (1977)
612. Eraserhead (1977)
613. Ceddo (1977)
613. The American Friend (1977)
614. The Hills Have Eyes (1977)
615. Soldier of Orange (1977)
616. Suspiria (1977)
617. The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (1978)
618. Five Deadly Venoms (1978)
619. The Tree of Wooden Clogs (1978)
620. The Deer Hunter (1978)
621. Grease (1978)**
622. Days of Heaven (1978)
623. Dawn of the Dead (1978)
624. Shaolin Master Killer (1978)
625. Up in Smoke (1978)
626. Halloween (1978)
627. The Marriage of Maria Braun (1979)
628. Real Life (1979)
628. My Brilliant Career (1979)
629. Stalker (1979)
630. Alien (1979)*
631. Breaking Away (1979)
632. The Tin Drum (1979)
633. All That Jazz (1979)
634. Being There (1979)
635. Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)
636. Life of Brian (1979)
637. Apocalypse Now (1979)
638. The Jerk (1979)
639. The Muppet Movie (1979)
640. Manhattan (1979)
641. Mad Max (1979)
642. Nosferatu: Phantom Of The Night (1979)
643. Ordinary People (1980)
644. Atlantic City (1980)
645. The Last Metro (1980)
646. The Shining (1980)*
647. Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980)**
648. The Elephant Man (1980)
649. The Big Red One (1980)
650. Loulou (1980)
651. Airplane! (1980)
652. Raging Bull (1980)
653. Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)*
654. The Boat (1981)
655. Gallipoli (1981)
656. Chariots of Fire (1981)*
657. Body Heat (1981)
658. Reds (1981)
659. An American Werewolf in London (1981)*
660. Three Brothers (1981)
660. Man of Iron (1981)
661. Too Early, Too Late (1981)
661. Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1981)
662. E.T.: The Extra-Terestrial (1982)**
663. The Thing (1982)
664. Poltergeist (1982)
665. Blade Runner (1982)
666. The Evil Dead (1982)
667. Tootsie (1982)**
668. Yol (1982)
669. Diner (1982)
670. Fitzcaraldo (1982)
671. Gandhi (1982)***
672. The Night of the Shooting Stars (1982)
673. A Question of Silence (1982)
673. Fanny and Alexander (1982)
674. A Christmas Story (1983)
675. El Norte (1983)
676. Videodrome (1983)
677. Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (1983)*
678. The Big Chill (1983)
679. Sunless (1983)
680. The Last Battle (1983)
681. Money (1983)
682. Utu (1983)
683. Terms of Endearment (1983)
684. The Fourth Man (1983)
685. The King of Comedy (1983)
686. The Right Stuff (1983)*
687. Koyaanisqatsi (1983)
688. Once Upon a Time in America (1983)
689. Scarface (1983)**
690. The Ballad of Narayama (1983)
691. Amadeus (1984)
692. The Terminator (1984)
693. Paris, Texas (1984)
694. A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)
695. This Is Spinal Tap (1984)
696. Beverly Hills Cop (1984)*
697. Ghostbusters (1984)**
698. A Passage to India (1984)
699. Stranger Than Paradise (1984)
700. The Killing Fields (1984)
701. The Natural (1984)
702. The Breakfast Club (1985)
703. Ran (1985)
704. Come and See (1985)
705. The Official Story (1985)
706. Out of Africa (1985)
707. The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985)
708. Back to the Future (1985)**
709. The Time to Live and the Time to Die (1985)
710. Brazil (1985)
711. Kiss of the Spider Woman (1985)
712. The Quiet Earth (1985)
713. Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985)
714. Prizzi's Honor (1985)
715. Vagabond (1985)
716. Shoah (1985)
717. The Color Purple (1985)
718. Manhunter (1986)
719. Stand By Me (1986)***
720. Blue Velvet (1986)
721. Hannah and Her Sisters (1986)
722. She's Gotta Have It (1986)
723. The Decline of the American Empire (1986)
724. The Fly (1986)**
725. Aliens (1986)
726. Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986)
727. Down by Law (1986)
728. A Room with a View (1986)
729. Children of a Lesser God (1986)
730. Platoon (1986)*
731. Caravaggio (1986)
732. Tampopo (1986)
733. Peking Opera Blues (1986)
734. Salvador (1986)
735. Top Gun (1986)**
736. Sherman's March (1986)
736. The Horse Thief (1986)
737. Brightness (1987)
738. Wings of Desire (1987)
739. Project A, Part II (1987)
740. Babette's Feast (1987)
741. Raising Arizona (1987)
742. Full Metal Jacket (1987)
743. Withnail and I (1987)
744. Good Morning, Vietnam (1987)
745. Goodbye Children (1987)
746. Broadcast News (1987)
747. Housekeeping (1987)
747. The Princess Bride (1987)
748. Moonstruck (1987)
749. The Untouchables (1987)**
750. Red Sorghum (1987)
751. The Dead (1987)
752. Fatal Attraction (1987)*
753. A Chinese Ghost Story (1987)
754. Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (1988)
755. The Vanishing (1988)
756. Bull Durham (1988)
757. Ariel (1988)
758. The Thin Blue Line (1988)
759. Akira (1988)
760. Cinema Paradiso (1988)
761. Hotel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie (1988)
761. A Fish Called Wanda (1988)*
762. The Naked Gun (1988)*
763. Big (1988)*
764. Dangerous Liaisons (1988)
765. Grave of the Fireflies (1988)
766. Landscape in the Mist (1988)
767. The Decalogue (1988)
768. Die Hard (1988)**
769. A Tale of the Wind (1988)
770. Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)**
771. Rain Man (1988)**
772. The Story of Women (1988)
773. The Accidental Tourist (1988)
774. Alice (1988)
775. Batman (1989)*
776. When Harry Met Sally (1989)**
777. Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989)
778. The Cook, the Thief, His Wife and Her Lover (1989)
779. Drugstore Cowboy (1989)
780. My Left Foot (1989)
781. The Killer (1989)
782. Do the Right Thing (1989)
783. Roger & Me (1989)
784. Glory (1989)
785. The Asthenic Syndrome (1989)
786. Sex, Lies and Videotape (1989)
787. Say Anything (1989)
788. The Unbelievable Truth (1989)
789. A City of Sadness (1989)
790. No Fear, No Die (1990)
790. Reversal of Fortune (1990)
791. Goodfellas (1990)
792. Jacob's Ladder (1990)
793. King of New York (1990)
794. Dances with Wolves (1990)**
795. Europa Europa (1990)
796. Pretty Woman (1990)*
797. Archangel (1990)
798. Trust (1990)
799. Close-Up (1990)
800. Edward Scissorhands (1990)**
801. Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer (1990)
802. Total Recall (1990)*
803. Once Upon a Time in China (1991)
804. Boyz 'n the Hood (1991)
805. Raise the Red Lantern (1991)
806. Delicatessen (1991)
807. A Brighter Summer Day (1991)
808. Naked Lunch (1991)
809. The Beautiful Troublemaker (1991)**
810. The Rapture (1991)
811. My Own Private Idaho (1991)
812. Thelma & Louise (1991)
813. Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)**
814. The Silence of the Lambs (1991)**
815. JFK (1991)
816. Slacker (1991)
817. Tongues Untied (1991)
818. Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse (1991)
819. The Double Life of Veronique (1991)
820. Strictly Ballroom (1992)
821. The Player (1992)
822. Reservoir Dogs (1992)
823. Romper Stomper (1992)
824. Glengarry Glen Ross (1992)
825. Unforgiven (1992)**
826. Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992)
827. Candy Man (1992)
828. A Tale of Winter (1992)
829. Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer (1992)
830. The Crying Game (1992)**
831. Man Bites Dog (1992)
832. The Actress (1992)
833. Farewell My Concubine (1993)
834. Thirty Two Films about Glenn Gould (1993)
835. Groundhog Day (1993)
836. Short Cuts (1993)
837. Philadelphia (1993)**
838. Jurassic Park (1993)**
839. The Age of Innocence (1993)
840. The Puppetmaster (1993)
841. Schindler's List (1993)**
842. Three Colors: Blue (1993)
843. The Piano (1993)
844. The Blue Kite (1993)
845. The Wedding Banquet (1993)
846. Three Colors: Red (1994)
847. Hoop Dreams (1994)
848. Forrest Gump (1994)**
849. Clerks (1994)
850. Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994)**
851. The Lion King (1994)*
852. Satantango (1994)
853. Natural Born Killers (1994)*
854. The Last Seduction (1994)
855. Pulp Fiction (1994)***
856. The Shawshank Redemption (1994)**
857. The Wild Reeds (1994)
858. Chungking Express (1994)
859. Crumb (1994)
860. Heavenly Creatures (1994)
861. Through the Olive Trees (1994)
862. Riget (1994)
863. Dear Diary (1994)
864. Casino (1995)
865. Deseret (1995)
865. Babe (1995)*
866. Toy Story (1995)**
867. Strange Days (1995)
868. Braveheart (1995)**
869. Safe (1995)
870. Clueless (1995)*
871. Heat (1995)*
872. Zero Kelvin (1995)
872. Seven (1995)
873. Smoke (1995)
874. The White Balloon (1995)
875. Cyclo (1995)
876. Underground (1995)
877. The Brave Heart Will Take the Bride (1995)
878. Dead Man (1995)
879. The Usual Suspects (1995)
880. The Pillow Book (1996)
881. Three Lives and Only One Death (1996)
882. Fargo (1996)
883. Independence Day (1996)*
884. Secrets and Lies (1996)
885. Breaking the Waves (1996)
886. The English Patient (1996)**
887. Gabbeh (1996)
888. Lone Star (1996)
889. Trainspotting (1996)
890. Scream (1996)
891. Deconstructing Harry (1997)
892. L.A. Confidential (1997)
893. Happy Together (1997)
894. Princess Mononoke (1997)
895. Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control (1997)
896. The Butcher Boy (1997)
897. The Ice Storm (1997)
898. Boogie Nights (1997)
899. Kundun (1997)
900. The Sweet Hereafter (1997)
901. Funny Games (1997)
902. Taste of Cherry (1997)
903. Open Your Eyes (1997)
904. Mother and Son (1997)
905. Titanic (1997)*
906. Tetsuo (1998)
907. The Celebration (1998)
908. Saving Private Ryan (1998)*
909. Buffalo 66 (1998)
910. Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998)
911. Run Lola Run (1998)
912. Rushmore (1998)
913. Pi (1998)
914. Happiness (1998)
915. The Thin Red Line (1998)
916. The Idiots (1998)
917. Sombre (1998)
917. Ring (1998)
918. There's Something About Mary (1998)**
919. Magnolia (1999)*
920. Beau Travail (1999)
921. The Blair Witch Project (1999)*
922. Taboo (1999)
923. Rosetta (1999)
924. All About My Mother (1999)
925. Three Kings (1999)**
926. The Wind Will Carry Us (1999)
927. The Audition (1999)
928. Time Regained (1999)
929. Fight Club (1999)**
930. Being John Malkovich (1999)*
931. American Beauty (1999)***
932. Attack the Gas Station! (1999)
933. Eyes Wide Shut (1999)*
934. The Sixth Sense (1999)**
935. The Matrix (1999)***
936. Nine Queens (2000)
937. The Captive (2000)
938. In the Mood for Love (2000)
939. Ali Zaoua, Prince of the Streets (2000)
940. Gladiator (2000)**
941. Kippur (2000)
942. A One and a Two (2000)
943. Requiem for a Dream (2000)
944. Amores Perros (2000)
945. Meet the Parents (2000)**
946. Signs & Wonders (2000)
946. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000)**
947. Traffic (2000)**
948. The Gleaners and I (2000)
949. Memento (2000)
950. Dancer in the Dark (2000)
951. O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)
952. Amelie (2001)
953. What Time Is It There? (2001)
954. And Your Mother Too (2001)
955. Kandahar (2001)
956. Spirited Away (2001)
957. The Piano Teacher (2001)**
958. The Son's Room (2001)
959. No Man's Land (2001)
960. Moulin Rouge (2001)**
961. Monsoon Wedding (2001)
962. Fat Girl (2001)
963. Mulholland Dr. (2001)
964. The Royal Tenenbaums (2001)
965. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
966. A.I.: Artificial Intelligence (2001)
967. Gangs of New York (2002)
968. The Pianist (2002)*
969. Talk to Her (2002)
970. City of God (2002)
971. Russian Ark (2002)
972. Chicago (2002)**
973. The Barbarian Invasions (2003)
974. Kill Bill: Vol. 1 (2003)***
I am going to try and go after the older films done back in the 80s, 70s and earlier, at the time didn't get appreciate (way too young / havn't been born) I 'm also interested to see which of these are your favorites, maybe i'll chase after them too.
#377 en el Explore
Amanecer en las faldas de la montaña, a escasos metros de la cumbre y este es el primer rayo de sol de la mañana.
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It was only later readers of Milton, says Appelbaum, who thought of "apple" as "apple" and not any seed-bearing fruit. For them, the forbidden fruit became synonymous with the malus pumila. As a widely read canonical work, Paradise Lost was influential in cementing the role of apple in the Fall story.
This month marks 350 years since John Milton sold his publisher the copyright of Paradise Lost for the sum of five pounds.
His great work dramatizes the oldest story in the Bible, whose principal characters we know only too well: God, Adam, Eve, Satan in the form of a talking snake — and an apple.
Except, of course, that Genesis never names the apple but simply refers to "the fruit." To quote from the King James Bible:
And the woman said to the serpent, "We may eat the fruit of the trees of the garden; but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God has said, 'You shall not eat it, nor shall you touch it, lest you die.'"
"Fruit" is also the word Milton employs in the poem's sonorous opening lines:
Of Mans First Disobedience, and the Fruit
Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal taste
Brought Death into the World, and all our woe
But in the course of his over-10,000-line poem, Milton names the fruit twice, explicitly calling it an apple. So how did the apple become the guilty fruit that brought death into this world and all our woe?
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The short and unexpected answer is: a Latin pun.
In order to explain, we have to go all the way back to the fourth century A.D., when Pope Damasus ordered his leading scholar of scripture, Jerome, to translate the Hebrew Bible into Latin. Jerome's path-breaking, 15-year project, which resulted in the canonical Vulgate, used the Latin spoken by the common man. As it turned out, the Latin words for evil and apple are the same: malus.
In the Hebrew Bible, a generic term, peri, is used for the fruit hanging from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil, explains Robert Appelbaum, who discusses the biblical provenance of the apple in his book Aguecheek's Beef, Belch's Hiccup, and Other Gastronomic Interjections.
"Peri could be absolutely any fruit," he says. "Rabbinic commentators variously characterized it as a fig, a pomegranate, a grape, an apricot, a citron, or even wheat. Some commentators even thought of the forbidden fruit as a kind of wine, intoxicating to drink."
A detail of Michelangelo's fresco in the Vatican's Sistine Chapel depicting the Fall of Man and expulsion from the Garden of Eden
Wikipedia
When Jerome was translating the "Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil," the word malus snaked in. A brilliant but controversial theologian, Jerome was known for his hot temper, but he obviously also had a rather cool sense of humor.
"Jerome had several options," says Appelbaum, a professor of English literature at Sweden's Uppsala University. "But he hit upon the idea of translating peri as malus, which in Latin has two very different meanings. As an adjective, malus means bad or evil. As a noun it seems to mean an apple, in our own sense of the word, coming from the very common tree now known officially as the Malus pumila. So Jerome came up with a very good pun."
The story doesn't end there. "To complicate things even more," says Appelbaum, "the word malus in Jerome's time, and for a long time after, could refer to any fleshy seed-bearing fruit. A pear was a kind of malus. So was the fig, the peach, and so forth."
Which explains why Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel fresco features a serpent coiled around a fig tree. But the apple began to dominate Fall artworks in Europe after the German artist Albrecht Dürer's famous 1504 engraving depicted the First Couple counterpoised beside an apple tree. It became a template for future artists such as Lucas Cranach the Elder, whose luminous Adam and Eve painting is hung with apples that glow like rubies.
Enlarge this image
Eve giving Adam the forbidden fruit, by Lucas Cranach the Elder.
Wikipedia
Milton, then, was only following cultural tradition. But he was a renowned Cambridge intellectual fluent in Latin, Greek and Hebrew, who served as secretary for foreign tongues to Oliver Cromwell during the Commonwealth. If anyone was aware of the malus pun, it would be him. And yet he chose to run it with it. Why?
Appelbaum says that Milton's use of the term "apple" was ambiguous. "Even in Milton's time the word had two meanings: either what was our common apple, or, again, any fleshy seed-bearing fruit. Milton probably had in mind an ambiguously named object with a variety of connotations as well as denotations, most but not all of them associating the idea of the apple with a kind of innocence, though also with a kind of intoxication, since hard apple cider was a common English drink."
It was only later readers of Milton, says Appelbaum, who thought of "apple" as "apple" and not any seed-bearing fruit. For them, the forbidden fruit became synonymous with the malus pumila. As a widely read canonical work, Paradise Lost was influential in cementing the role of apple in the Fall story.
But whether the forbidden fruit was an apple, fig, peach, pomegranate or something completely different, it is worth revisiting the temptation scene in Book 9 of Paradise Lost, both as an homage to Milton (who composed his masterpiece when he was blind, impoverished and in the doghouse for his regicidal politics) and simply to savor the sublime beauty of the language. Thomas Jefferson loved this poem. With its superfood dietary advice, celebration of the 'self-help is the best help' ideal, and presence of a snake-oil salesman, Paradise Lost is a quintessentially American story, although composed more than a century before the United States was founded.
What makes the temptation scene so absorbing and enjoyable is that, although written in archaic English, it is speckled with mundane details that make the reader stop in surprise.
Take, for instance, the serpent's impeccably timed gustatory seduction. It takes place not at any old time of the day but at lunchtime:
"Mean while the hour of Noon drew on, and wak'd/ An eager appetite."
What a canny and charmingly human detail. Milton builds on it by lingeringly conjuring the aroma of apples, knowing full well that an "ambrosial smell" can madden an empty stomach to action. The fruit's "savorie odour," rhapsodizes the snake, is more pleasing to the senses than the scent of the teats of an ewe or goat dropping with unsuckled milk at evening. Today's Food Network impresarios, with their overblown praise and frantic similes, couldn't dream up anything close to that peculiarly sensuous comparison.
It is easy to imagine the scene. Eve, curious, credulous and peckish, gazes longingly at the contraband "Ruddie and Gold" fruit while the unctuous snake-oil salesman murmurs his encouragement. Initially, she hangs back, suspicious of his "overpraising." But soon she begins to cave: How can a fruit so "Fair to the Eye, inviting to the Taste," be evil? Surely it is the opposite, its "sciental sap" must be the source of divine knowledge. The serpent must speak true.
So saying, her rash hand in evil hour
Forth reaching to the Fruit, she pluck'd, she eat:
Earth felt the wound, and Nature from her seat
Sighing through all her Works gave signs of woe,
That all was lost.
But Eve is insensible to the cosmic disappointment her lunch has caused. Sated and intoxicated as if with wine, she bows low before "O Sovran, vertuous, precious of all Trees," and hurries forth with "a bough of fairest fruit" to her beloved Adam, that he too might eat and aspire to godhead. Their shared meal, foreshadowed as it is by expulsion and doom, is a moving and poignant tableau of marital bliss.
Meanwhile, the serpent, its mission accomplished, slinks into the gloom. Satan heads eagerly toward a gathering of fellow devils, where he boasts that the Fall of Man has been wrought by something as ridiculous as "an apple."
Except that it was a fig or a peach or a pear. An ancient Roman punned – and the apple myth was born.
The first tale in the Bible tells of the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the garden of Eden. This was in consequence for having tasted the “forbidden fruit” of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Christian iconography and popular culture represent the fruit as an apple. But a careful reading of the passage leads one to the conclusion that, in fact, the actual fruit is never mentioned in the book. How, then, did the apple become this symbol of temptation and sin?
A standard version of Genesis 3:3-5 says:
But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.
According to Robert Appelbaum’s book Aguecheek’s Beef, Belch’s Hiccup, and Other Gastronomic Interjections, the confusion may be due to a sort of joke of St. Jerome, who first translated the Bible into the vulgar Latin. (This version is still known as “The Vulgate” even today.) It turns out that the Latin words for apple, and for evil, are the same: malus. According to Appelbaum, the Hebrew word, peri, which was used to refer to the fruit in the Bible, can refer to any type of fruit, a fig, a pomegranate, a grape, or even a peach or a lemon. Some Bible commentators even believe that the forbidden fruit may have been a drink that produced an intoxication in those who drank it. Hence they gained “knowledge of good and evil.”
St. Jerome translated “peri” with the word “malus.” It’s an adjective meaning “evil,” though as a noun, it means “apple,” from trees known even today as Malus pumila. However, as Appelbaum points out, malus may refer not only to the apple, but to any fruit with seeds: pears are a species of malus, as are figs, peaches, and others.In religious iconography, there was no clear consensus for several centuries on exactly what type of fruit it was from this tree of which humanity’s first parents couldn’t eat. Michelangelo painted a fig tree in the Sistine Chapel. Durer depicted an apple tree, as did Lucas Cranach, the Elder. But another Appelbaum hypothesis in explaining the apple’s preeminence over other seeded fruits comes from the English poet, John Milton. His Paradise Lost was published in 1667. For Milton, the semantic ambiguity of the malus should not have been a mystery, versed as he was in ancient languages like Latin and Hebrew. Appelbaum notes that it’s possible Milton appreciated St. Jerome’s joke as a reference to intoxication or drunkenness from apple cider, popular in his own time. Paradise Lost refers on a couple of occasions to the fruit of this problematic tree and refers to it as an apple.
Another possible explanation may come from the Golden Apple of Discord. In Greek mythology, this was the work of the goddess Eris, (a temptress, as Satan had been for the Hebrews). According to the myth, Eris was angry at having not been invited to the wedding of Peleus and Tetis (parents of the great warrior Achilles). She presented the wedding guests with a golden apple which would reveal who among them was “the most beautiful of all.” Three goddesses fought amongst themselves: Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty; Hera, the guardian of the home and childbearing and wife of the great Zeus; and Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom. To settle the dispute, Zeus consulted a Trojan shepherd and mortal, Paris, to choose from among the three goddesses which was the most beautiful. The three goddesses tried to bribe him in turn with new gifts. Finally, Paris decided for Aphrodite, who had promised him the love of the most beautiful woman of all. This was none other than Helena. Helena’s abduction by Paris is the mythical origin of the Trojan War. And thus the apple is also at the center of the most epic dispute in Greek civilization.
The Apple and the Heart
16
Romanesque iconography more frequently used the apple as the forbidden fruit. The lengthy list of images in the three studied countries represents a significant part of our corpus. Among them, one can cite in Spain, Amandi, Añes, Avilés, the Bible of Burgos, the Bible of San Isidoro, Covet, Estany, Estibaliz, Frómista, Loarre, Mahamud, Peralada (figure 6), Porqueras, Rebolledo de la Torre, San Pablo del Campo, Sangüesa, Santillana del Mar, and Uncastillo. In France, Airvault, Andlau, Arles, Aulnay, the Bible of Corbie, the Bible of Marchiennes, the Bible of Souvigny, Cahors, Chalon-sur-Saône, Chauvigny (Figure 3), Cluny, Courpiac, Esclottes, Guarbecque, Hastingues-Arthous, the Hortus Deliciarum, Lescure, Mauriac (in the Auvergne), Melay, Moirax, Montpezat, Neuilly-en-Donjon, Nîmes, Poitiers (Sainte-Radegonde Church), Provins, Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire, Saint-Gaudens, the Sauve-Majeure, Targon, Tavant, Thuret, Toirac, Varax, Verdun, and Vézelay. In Italy, Galliano, Modena (figure 4), Parma, Pisa, Sant’Angelo in Formis, and Sovana.
17
Over subsequent centuries, the apple was continually present in the iconography of the original sin. [45] For illustrative purposes, note that in the Gothic...[45] It was frequently used as the forbidden fruit in literature, particularly in the twelfth century by Marie de France, [46] Marie de France, Yonec, v. 152, in Les Lais de Marie...[46] in the thirteenth century by Robert de Boron, [47] Le Roman du Graal: manuscrit de Modène, ed. Bernard...[47] and in the fifteenth century by Sebastian Brandt. [48] Sebastian Brandt, La Nef des fous [Das Narrenschiff],...[48] In paroemiology, this seems to be the meaning of a proverb from the beginning of the thirteenth century: “mieux vaut pomme donnée que mangée” (better an apple given than eaten). [49] Joseph Morawski, ed., Proverbes français antérieurs...[49] In hagiography, the apple is the forbidden fruit in, for example, the Cantigas de Santa María. [50] Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa María, 353,...[50] An interesting case also appears in the breviary: the Hail Mary—appearing in the twelfth century from a passage in the New Testament [51] Luke, I, 28, 42. Henri Leclercq, “Marie, mère de Dieu,”...[51]—refers only to a “fruit,” but an anonymous commentator from Northern France specifies at the end of the thirteenth or beginning of the fourteenth century that it concerns the “fruit of the apple tree.” [52] Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod. Gall. 34,...[52] Anchored in Western imaginations ever since, the apple has even replaced the fig among modern scholars, in parallel to the cultural process that saw the heart where previously there had been the liver. [53] See Hasenohr, Prier au Moyen Âge: n. 38. Regarding...[53]
Figure 3. - Capital at the entranceway to the choir of the church
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The reasons behind this almost unanimous choice are unclear, however. We may allude to the more or less widespread presence of the apple throughout all of Western Europe. We may observe the old Celtic symbolism of the apple as the fruit of knowledge. We may recall its symbolic capital as a sign of power, wealth, lies, lust, discord, and transgression. [54] Michel Pastoureau, “Bonum, malum, pomum. Une histoire...[54] We may suppose that just as the garden of Hesperides recalls the Garden of Eden (both sheltering a snake that defends the sacred tree), the apple tree “with fruits of gold” in the Greek myth influenced the medieval interpretation of the biblical account. We may thus argue the ancient association between this tree and Eden, which led to naming the carob the “apple of Paradise” in Hebrew. [55] L. Ginzberg, Les Légendes des juifs, 219, n. 70.[55] We may also consider the authority of Saint Augustine, who hesitantly accepted the possibility of the apple being the fruit of sin, perhaps influenced by the existence of thirty different varieties of apples in the Roman world at the time. [56] Augustine, La Genèse au sens littéral en douze livres...[56] We may wonder especially whether in popular medieval etymology there was not certain confusion between the words malum “badly” and malum “apple” as well as between malus “malicious” and malus “apple tree;” these phonetic identities may have had semantic implications indicating the evil character of the fruit. [57] Among the transformations affecting the Roman world...[57]
19
The increasing popularity of the apple in this role was perhaps also related to its round shape and red color, which drew it closer to the heart, being the organ that was linked to the blood of Christ and that Christianity and its doctrine perceived as the center of the human being. In this sense, the precedents were strong; the doubt surrounding the identity of the forbidden fruit reflected another, more ancient doubt regarding the central organ of the body in the diverse cultures that, in a more or less direct way, provided the foundations for medieval Christian culture. Whereas the Egyptians perceived the heart as the center of the human being, [58] The Book of the Dead, ed. and trans. E. A. Wallis Budge,...[58] the Hebrews attributed sacred powers to the liver, while regarding the heart as the seat of feelings and wisdom, and the source of life. [59] See, for example, Genesis, 20:5; Job, 9:4; Proverbs,...[59] The two organs fought for the role of the principle of life among the Babylonians [60] Alexandre Piankoff, Le “Cœur” dans les textes égyptiens...[60] and Greeks. [61] In mythology, the liver is the central element in the...[61]
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In the third century BC, the medical school in Alexandria established the physiological model that went on to prevail throughout the following two millennia: the brain was attributed with neurological sensitivity, movement, and functions, the heart with enthusiasm and the vital spirit. [62] Mary J. Carruthers, The Book of Memory: A Study of...[62]
21
Isidore of Seville affirmed that in the heart “lies all concern and the source of knowledge, [as] with the heart we understand, and with the liver we love.” [63] Isidore of Seville, Seville’s Etymologies: The complete...[63] Sharing his opinion, more than five centuries later, Hildegard of Bingen considered the attribute of the heart to be knowledge and that of the liver to be sensitivity. [64] Hildegard of Bingen, Causae et curae, II, 1–12, ed....[64] For her, the heart was the point of contact between the body and the soul, the terrestrial and the divine; it was “almost the essence of the body [since it] governs it,” being the residence of the soul. [65] Hildegard of Bingen, Scivias, I, 4, 16, ed. A. Führkötten...[65] It is thus not by chance that she imagined the forbidden fruit to be an apple. [66] Hildegard of Bingen, Scivias, III, 2, 21, ed. Führkötten...[66] For Saint Bernard, the heart was the seat of faith. [67] Bernard of Clairvaux, In Nativitate Beatae Mariae,...[67] For his adversary, Pierre Abélard, when God wants to examine the feelings of men, he probes their hearts. [68] Pierre Abélard, Ethics, ed. and trans. D. E. Luscombe...[68] Chrétien de Troyes considered the heart to be the place where mystical union occurs with our purest self, [69] Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès, vv. 708–716, trans. Micha,...[69] since this organ is the seat of love, [70] Chrétien de Troyes, vv. 4302–4306, trans. Micha, 1...[70] memory, [71] Chrétien de Troyes, Le Conte du Graal ou le Roman de...[71] and life. [72] Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès, vv. 3668–3673, trans. Micha,...[72] Vincent of Beauvais regarded the heart as the principal “spiritual organ.” [73] Vincent of Beauvais, Speculum historiale, I, 32 (Graz:...[73] The evolution in the hierarchy of meanings did not affect the importance attributed to the heart: while troubadours and courtly love previously spoke of “the hearing of the heart,” the eye and the heart were later associated. [74] Guy Paoli, “La relation œil-cœur. Recherches sur la...[74] At the start of the thirteenth century, a poem established the relationship between the heart and the phallus, between feeling and sexuality, by telling the story of a character killed by the husbands of his mistresses, who tore off these two organs and gave them to their adulterous wives to eat. [75] Lai d’Ignauré, trans. Danielle Régnier-Bohler, in Le...[75]
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The new collective feeling in relation to the heart was present in the idioms that were forming. From the Classical Latin cor, synonymous with “memory” (also with “thought,” “intelligence,” and “heart” [76] This is still the meaning of the word for Saint Augustine...[76]) were derived “recorder” in French, ricordari in Italian, and recordar in Castilian and Portuguese. Although the heart as the center of memory appears in the root of the Castilian and Portuguese words decorar, this link is even more explicit in the phrases par cœur in French (appearing in around 1200), de cor in Portuguese (dating to the thirteenth century), and by heart in English (attested around 1374 and based on the acceptance of herte as “memory,” which existed from the start of the twelfth century [77] Rey, Dictionnaire historique, 1:442; José Pedro Machado,...[77]). However, the heart was not only regarded as the seat of memory. In English, it was associated with courage (towards 825), emotions (1050), love (about 1175), and character (1225). [78] The Oxford English Dictionary, 5:159.[78] In medieval Italian, the heart (core prior to 1250, then cuore) was reputed as being the center of feelings, emotions, and thoughts. [79] Manlio Cortelazzo and Paolo Zolli, Dizionario etimologico...[79]
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Most often, the association occurred between the organ and a feeling, thought to derive from it directly, as attested in various Western languages: curage in French (appearing in 1080, then written as courage and used as a synonym of cœur “heart” until the seventeenth century), coraggio (prior to 1257) in Italian, coraje in Castilian and coragem in Portuguese (both from the fourteenth century), herzhaftigleit in German (from the fifteenth century derived from herz “heart,” written herza in the eighth century), and courage in English (around 1500, written as corage in around 1300). English presents an interesting case, showing the psychocultural hesitation between the liver and heart as the seat of positive feelings: the compound liver-heartedness, literally “without liver or heart,” designates the idea of “cowardly.” Further evidence of the moral importance attached to this organ is found in the word cordial, which initially carried the neutral meaning of “relative to the heart” and later acquired the positive sense of “nice” and “pleasant,” not only in French, English, Castilian, and Portuguese, but also in Italian (cordial) and in German (herzlich).
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The symbolic value of the heart in the twelfth century was also seen in Jewish culture. Whereas the Pirkei Rabbi Nathan, a text predating the tenth century, establishes several comparisons between the parts of the universe and parts of the human body without even citing the heart, in the second half of the twelfth century, Maimonides considered it the center of the human body. [80] Samuel S. Kottek, “Microcosm and Macrocosm According...[80] He was probably influenced by Aristotle, for whom the human body developed from the heart, which was a very influential idea after the Christian rediscovery of the Stagirite. Thus, some Romanesque representations of the creation of Adam depict him coming to life not by a “breath on the face” (in faciem eius spiraculum vitae) as the Bible states, [81] Genesis, 2:7.[81] but by the hand of God touching his heart. This is the case, for example, in a manuscript from the abbey of Saint-Martial de Limoges, [82] Breviarium ad usum S. Martialis Lemovicensis (Paris:...[82] which was illuminated in around the year 1100, as well as in a relief carved a few years later on the northern facade of the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.
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The importance of the heart in Romanesque culture also transpires in its growing metaphorical use. On the political level, it became the “king” of the human body in the same way as the king is the “heart” of the social body. [83] Jacques Le Goff, “Head or Heart? The Political Use...[83] On the literary level, the rhetorical figure of the heart spread like a book in which an ordinary individual, saint, or even Christ could write their amorous (including erotic) and spiritual emotions. [84] On the evolution of this metaphor, see Ernst Robert...[84] On the architectural level, the cruciform design of churches situated the altar—the place where the mystery of the incarnation was reproduced—in the position occupied by the heart. [85] It is no coincidence that in Medieval French, the same...[85] On the liturgical level, the Christianization of the Holy Grail rendered it the receptacle holding the blood of Christ, symbolically transforming it into a heart. [86] Begoña Aguiriano, “Le cœur dans Chrétien,” Senefiance...[86] On the geographical level, in the same way as the heart was the center of the human body, the sepulcher of the Lord was the heart of the world, according to a sermon by Peter the Venerable. [87] Peter the Venerable, In laudem sepulcri Domini, PL,...[87] On the linguistic level, from the thirteenth century, the word designated the center of something in French and Italian, as it did later in English (beginning of the fourteenth century) and Castilian (sixteenth century). [88] This meaning was applied to the city by Aristotle in...[88] In this cultural context, when the Abbess of Bingen declared that Adam made of clay was merely an empty body before being filled with a heart, liver, lungs, stomach, and internal organs by God, [89] Hildegard of Bingen, Causae et curae, II, 20, ed. Kaiser,...[89] she seemingly established a hierarchy of organs. Thus, the growing importance of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in spirituality from the twelfth century seems to have been the conclusion of a long process in which this organ gained in medical and symbolic value. [90] Jean-Vincent Bainvel, “Cœur sacré de Jésus (dévotion...[90]
Exegetical Doubt
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An interesting example of the rivalry between the fig and the apple in terms of the symbolic function of forbidden fruit is seen in the sculptures on the western facade of the small rural Castilian church of San Quirce, close to Burgos, which was completed in 1147. Here, eleven modillions illustrate several episodes of the myth of Adam, from the creation of protoplasm to the judgment of Cain, while in between them, ten metopes depict scenes that are sometimes difficult to relate to those of the modillions, although each stage of the cycle is identified by inscriptions. [91] These inscriptions are now almost illegible, but they...[91] The ensemble forms an iconographic discourse with two aspects: the subject is evil, as much at its origin (original sin) as in some of its manifestations (sex, death, and bodily impurity).
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This latter topic is visible on the two metopes at each end, where the artist depicts a man defecating. This was not a simple curiosity or obscenity, as the placement of these scenes is significant: the first being compared with the sin of Adam and the second with that of Cain. In fact, an inscription close to the representation of the original sin illuminates the link between the events depicted on the metope and modillion: MALA CAGO. No doubt, the man who speaks and acts in this way is both the paradisiacal Adam who has just eaten the forbidden fruits as well as the symbol of all human beings, his “posthumous sons,” as defined in a contemporaneous sermon. [92] Julien of Vézelay, Sermons, XV, ed. and trans. Damien...[92] However, the exact interpretation of the inscription poses an important problem.
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A few decades ago, historiography considered this a pun, as the individual excretes both “apples” and “evils.” [93] Pérez de Urbel and Whitehill, “La iglesia románica...[93] This interpretation is based on three elements: the facade’s inscription, a capital inside the church on the same subject that undoubtedly depicts an apple, and finally, the ancient roots of the tradition perceiving the forbidden food of Paradise in this fruit. However, on the modillion’s scene, the forbidden fruits rather resemble figs, an impression reinforced by a nonformalistic reasoning. Indeed, the fig traditionally had an explicitly sexual character, while the apple, though related to Aphrodite, the goddess of love, had a more sensual, rather than explicitly sexual connotation. This is shown, for example, in an Icelandic saga from the thirteenth century in which the love philter is an apple, or even in some mythologies, where the rejuvenating and beautifying virtues attributed to the fruit remain in the etymology of “pomade,” a scented, cosmetic, and curative substance with apple. [94] See Pastoureau, “Bonum, malum, pomum;” Rey, Dictionnaire...[94]
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The fig’s association with sexuality is seemingly expressed during the third quarter of the twelfth century in the iconographic design of the doorway of Barret Church in Poitou. Here, the three capitals on each side establish a spatial and symbolic relationship, which was very common in the Romanesque imagination. Looking at them, starting with the capital closest to the entry on the left-hand side, the first represents the original sin with the fig as the fruit, the second depicts a character in a very obscene pose, and the third, which is double, shows an eagle on one side and a monster devouring a sheep on the other. Symmetrically, on the right-hand side, the first capital depicts lions leaning against each other, the second, two doves embracing, and the final one, a centaur and a dove. The message seems rather evident: sin (that is to say, the fig and sex) leads to unnatural and erotic acts, thus to the death of the soul, which is devoured by the demon (eagle and monster); on the other hand, those who join Christ (the lion) will be innocent (doves), embracing peace and purity, thus calming the animal that exists in every human being (centaurs).
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Indeed, the sexual meaning of the fig was accepted within traditional culture and did not disappear with its Christianization. Throughout the centuries, the fig tree was associated with Dionysus, and, at least in its Roman version, Bacchus. The image of the god was always carved in the wood of the fig tree, with a basket of figs being the most sacred object at the festivals that celebrated him, the Bacchanalia. As the protector of orchards, particularly of the fig tree, Dionysus was confused with his son, Priapus, born of Aphrodite. In the processions paying homage to this god of fertility, who was endowed with a disproportionately large penis, there was a large phallus carved in the wood of the fig tree, the leaves of which were also seen as an ithyphallic symbol. [95] Brosse, Mythologie des arbres, 290–291. The fig’s sexual...[95] This notion of sexual exuberance is also found in a version of an episode of the Dionysus myth by the Christian apologist Clement of Alexandria (around 150–250). [96] Clement of Alexandria, Protreptique, II, 34, 3–4, ed....[96] In a similar manner, although he calls the liver iecur and not ficatum, Isidore of Seville implicitly makes this link by affirming that in this organ “lies pleasure and concupiscence. [97] Isidore of Seville, Seville’s Etymologies, XI, I, 125,...[97]
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The popular gesture of “making the fig” should also be mentioned here, associated with the fruit through its name and shape. This association is observed in Castilian, in which two words (higo/higa) appeared at the same time, in around 1140. [98] Joan Corominas, Diccionario critico etimológico de...[98] This gesture assumed “an obvious sexual connotation” [99] Jean-Claude Schmitt, La Raison des gestes dans l’Occident...[99] in the popular tradition of several societies, and even in the medieval West, where it can either denote the female sex organ (predominant meaning), its state of excitation (in this case, the tip of the thumb between the index and middle fingers imitates a swollen clitoris), copulation (the thumb is the penis between the vaginal lips), or a phallus (rarer meaning). [100] Desmond Morris et al., Os gestos: suas origens e significado...[100] It is probably with this latter meaning that formerly, in Bavaria, a young man confirmed his intention to marry by sending a silver or gold fig to his lover, who could refuse the demand by returning the gift or accept it by returning a silver heart. [101] José Leite de Vasconcelos, A figa (Porto: Araújo e...[101] The far la fica was an aggressive and derogatory gesture frequently used by Italians in the Middle Ages, not only on a daily basis, but also in emotionally charged situations. In 1162, angry with the Milanese who had forced his wife to mount a mule backwards, thus facing the tail of the animal—a very ancient position signifying contempt—Frederick I Barbarossa seized the city and, on penalty of death, forced the prisoners to remove a fig from the anus of a mule with their teeth. [102] Quoted by Leite de Vasconcelos, A figa, 80; by Jerome...[102] The inhabitants of Pistoia had carved into their castle of Carmignano two large arms with hands making the sign of the fig towards the enemy city of Florence—which, humiliated, went on to conquer the place in 1228. [103] Giovanni Villani, Cronica, VI, 5, ed. Ignazio Moutier...[103] In Dante, a robber condemned to Hell makes the sign of the fig against God Himself. [104] Dante Alighieri, Divina Commedia, Inferno, XXV, 1–3,...[104] The gesture and expression ficha facere are found, with the same derisory meaning, in all Romanesque cultures, and even outside of them. [105] Leite de Vasconcelos, A figa, 42–56, 72, 76–81, and...[105] Although this gesture has a talismanic function, that of casting off the evil eye and other dangers, this seems to be precisely due to its sexual connotation, that of warding off sterility in life. [106] Leite de Vasconcelos, A figa, 27–41, 57–59, and 91...[106]
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In this sense, the scene of the paramount sin depicted on the third modillion at San Quirce, in addition to adopting the ancient interpretation of the original sin as a sexual sin, [107] See Martin Elze, Tatian und seine Theologie (Göttingen:...[107] prepared the observer to encounter, three metopes along and just after the expulsion from Paradise, a representation of the carnal relationship of protoplasm. [108] Pérez de Urbel and Whitehill (“La iglesia románica...[108] Thus, according to our hypothesis, the word malum would not have been used here with its specific meaning of “apple,” but rather in the broader sense of “fruit with pulp” (as opposed to nux, “fruit with hard skin”), [109] Although the former meaning was eventually enforced...[109] so that the pun of the inscription would signify “to expel evils and fruits.” Whether conscious or not of the inscription’s ambiguity, the sculptor at San Quirce thus revealed the interesting coexistence of two exegetical traditions, that of the apple, present in the representation of the original sin inside the church, and that of the fig, visible on its facade. An even more meaningful coexistence if it is accepted that a single artist carved both the capital and the modillion. [110] A situation that de Lojendio (Castilla 1) regards as...[110]
33
This exegetical doubt is not an isolated case appearing in a monastic community in the center of Castile. The formation of the French word “pomme” provides an interesting indication in this context. Although, from the beginning of the fifth century, the Latin word pomum (“fruit” in a generic sense) gained the specific meaning of “fruit of the apple tree” in Northern Italy and the majority of the Ibero-Romance area—a meaning preserved in the Provençal and Catalan poma—Italian, Castilian, Portuguese, and Galician eventually favored the traditional form malum, from which they derived mela, manzana, maçã and mazá, respectively. [111] Both the Spanish word manzana (attested in 1112 as...[111] Pomum preserved its broad sense in these four languages in the form pomo (poma in the case of Galician). By the same evolution, the collective forms pomario in Italian and pomar in Castilian, Portuguese, Provençal, and Galician derived from the Classical Latin pomarium.
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In contrast, the medieval Latin of Gaul had used, from the end of the eighth century, the word pomarius to denote the apple tree, from which derived the vernacular name of this specific fruit (pume) from the generic term (pomum) in 1080. [112] The word appeared in the Chanson de Roland as pume;...[112] At the same date appeared the French word verger (orchard), denoting land planted with various fruit trees, taken from the Latin viridiarum (from viridis, “green”). Faced with these facts, it is not absurd to assume that the French linguistic evolution unconsciously avoided the supposedly negative character of this fruit, as expressed through the word malum. Furthermore, the apple is a positive symbol in Celtic culture, [113] Françoise Le Roux and Christian-Joseph Guyonvarc’h,...[113] which was heavily present in the territory of the future France, particularly in the context of the “folkloric reaction” of the twelfth century. [114] Jacques Le Goff, “Culture cléricale et traditions folkloriques...[114]
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In accordance with its archetypical character as the fruit par excellence, the word was used in the formation of many syntagms, and even, around 1256, in the curious expression “pomme de paradis” (apple of paradise) denoting the banana. [115] Rey, Dictionnaire historique. It is interesting to...[115] Although in terms of vocabulary, we note a French resistance to the association of the apple with the fruit of sin, in terms of iconography, as seen above, such identification was established without problem. This was also the case in popular literary works, such as the first French theatrical text from the middle of the twelfth century or a sermon from the same time. [116] Respectively Le Mystère Adam: Ordo representationis...[116] Similarly, in this and the subsequent century, there were various love stories generally beginning with a betrayal (hearts metaphorically devoured) and ending with the death of the two protagonists (one of them literally devouring the other’s heart without realizing it [117] Accounts collected in Régnier-Bohler, ed., Le Cœur...[117]). To a certain extent, these stories consciously or unconsciously rewrote the drama of the original demise: betraying the confidence of the Creator (“from the tree . . . you will not eat”) by eating the apple/heart (“the knowledge of good and evil”), the human being was the cause of his own perdition (“the day you eat of it, you will surely die”), as Adam and Eve had hearts full of arrogance (“you will be like gods” [118] Genesis, 2:17; 3:5. On the close relationship between...[118]).
The Tree and Androgyny
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This search for the identity of the Romanesque forbidden fruit must still consider the tree in relation to the primordial couple. The position of these three elements provides some important information. One of the symbolic and physical solutions used was to portray the primi parentes on the same side of the tree, with Eve always being closer to it (figure 4). The most common composition placed the tree between Adam and Eve, as already found on the sarcophagus of San Justo de la Vega in Leon, dated to the end of third century or the beginning of the fourth century and currently held in the archaeological museum of Madrid. It would be simplistic to think that this position on both sides of the tree simply responded to the desire for symmetry in Romanesque art, [119] As considered Guerra, Simbología románica, 107.[119] because the form is almost always a fragment of the contents that emerged. [120] Gerardus Van Der Leeuw, La Religion dans son essence...[120] In the eleventh to thirteenth centuries, this scheme probably referred to two very pressing questions related to the contemporary phenomenon of the sacralization of marriage.
Figure 4. - Relief on the western façade of Modena Cathedral (Emilia-Romagna), circa 1100.
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On the one hand, by placing Adam and Eve at an equal distance from the tree, the iconography referred to a certain social egalitarianism and moral leveling between man and woman, even if the snake is almost always turned towards the woman. The side occupied by each character varied. We have already considered the position of Eve on the right-hand side of the tree as an “iconographic tradition,” a scheme with only three exceptions, in Saint-Antonin, Bruniquel, and Lescure. [121] Jean-Claude Fau, “Découverte à Saint-Antonin (Tarn-et-Garonne)...[121] In fact, the woman appears on the left in several other cases: for example on the sculptures in Anzy-le-Duc, Airvault, Butrera, Cergy, Cervatos, Covet, Embrun, Gémil, Girona, Lavaudieu, Lescar, Loarre, Luc-de-Béarn, Mahamud, Manresa, Moirax, Montcaret, Peralada (figure 6), Saint-Étienne-de-Grès, Saint-Gaudens, Sangüesa, San Juan de la Peña, Toirac, Verona, and Vézelay. Similarly, on the frescos in Aimé, Fossa, and San Justo in Segovia, on the illuminations of the Bible of Burgos, the Exultet 3 of Troia, and the Hortus Deliciarum, on a metal medallion from the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, and on the mosaics in Monreale and Trani.
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In addition, the central position of the tree, separating Adam and Eve, insinuated a rupture of the initial unity, at least on the psychological level. The tree, that is to say knowledge, revealed the existence of contradictory traits in human beings, made in the image and resemblance of God, the androgyne par excellence. “God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female created he them:” [122] Genesis, 1:27.[122] this is why the human being was initially double, and thus, inherently complete and microcosmic. [123] There were several types of microcosmic man in the...[123] Removing Eve from the rib of Adam was a surgery of separation, because they were formed from the same bones, they were “one flesh.” [124] Genesis, 2:23–24.[124] In this manner, the sacred text was interpreted from first half of the first century, initially by the Jew, Philo of Alexandria, and subsequently by Ambroise, Augustine, Gregory the Great, Isidore, the pseudo-Remigius of Auxerre, Guibert of Nogent, Pierre Lombard, Bernard, and others, who all regarded Eve as the image of the woman from within man. [125] Michel Planque, “Ève,” in Dictionnaire de spiritualité...[125]
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Augustine, in particular, implicitly recognized the androgyny of the first man when he said that the devil “cannot tempt us only by the means of this animal part, which appears in a single man as an image or a model of woman.” [126] Augustine, Del Genesis contra los maniqueos [De Genesi...[126] Following a reasoning based on that of Saint Paul, he saw Adam-Eve as the complementarity of spirit and flesh, a comparison that was adopted by many thinkers in the Romanesque period. Since in the Bible, “Adam” was originally the generic name denoting a human being (Genesis, 1:19) and only later became the name of a person (Genesis, 3:17), Augustine interpreted the word “man” (Genesis, 1:26) as “human nature.” [127] Augustine, De Trinitate, I, 7, PL, vol. 42, col. 8...[127] Saint Anselme, who was very influential in the twelfth century, agreed that “Adam” should initially include Adam and Eve. [128] Anselm of Canterbury, La Conception virginale et le...[128] While trying to explain how Adam’s prohibition of the fruit also implied Eve, Petrus Comestor stated that it was transmitted to the woman through man; [129] Petrus Comestor, Historia scholastica, 15, PL, vol....[129] thus implicitly suggesting the unity of the two individuals, and the androgyny of the being to whom it was forbidden to eat the fruit.
40
While the medieval Church did not formally accept the divine and the androgyny of Adam, it was still familiar with it. It is thus found in a text from the New Testament: “There is neither male nor female: for you are all one in Jesus Christ.” [130] Galatians, 3:28.[130] This appeared in an apocryphal text: “When you make the two one, and when you make the inside like the outside and the outside like the inside, and the above like the below, and when you make the male and the female one and the same, so that the male not be male nor female . . . then will you enter the kingdom [of God].” [131] Il Vangelo di Tommaso, 22, trans. Mario Erbetta (Casale...[131] This was a noncontemptible part of the thought of Clement of Alexandria [132] In a piece of literature that is today lost, Hypotyposes,...[132] (around 150–215), Origen [133] According to him, based on Luke, 20:36, there will...[133] (185–254), Gregory of Nyssa [134] Gregory of Nyssa, La Création de l’homme [De opificio...[134] (around 330–390) and, through them, of Johannes Scotus Eriugena [135] Johannes Scotus Eriugena, Periphyseon, IV, PL, vol....[135] (around 810–870). It undoubtedly belonged to the cultural and psychological milieu of the first Christian centuries. [136] Wayne A. Meeks, “The Image of the Androgyne: Some Uses...[136]
41
While the androgyne of Eden had disappeared, it was because of sin. For some thinkers, the human being henceforth became aware of its duplicity, since that time it was broken and characterized by the genitals, which was visible proof of the original sin: sexus comes from sectio (“cut,” “separation”), a term derived from secare “to cross,” which only assumed a specifically sexual meaning in the Middle Ages. [137] Du Cange, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis,...[137] It is thus not by chance that Adam said “me” for the first time after the sin. [138] “Mulier, quam dedisti mihi sociam, dedit mihi de ligno,...[138] Although, undeniably, the original sin and sex were closely linked, the way in which events had transpired was the subject of debate. [139] Emmanuele Testa, Il peccato di Adamo nella Patristica...[139] One stream of thought interpreted the sin as a sexual offence: for example, the Jew Philon and some Church fathers, including Clement of Alexandria and Saint Ambrose. [140] Philo of Alexandria, De opificio mundi, 151–152, trans....[140] In the Romance period, the majority of theologists from the school of William of Champeaux (1070–1121) also considered that this sin involved concupiscence, although Guillaume himself saw it as an act of disobedience in which sensualitas managed to dominate ratio. [141] Odon Lottin, “Les théories du péché originel au XIIe...[141]
42
Another group reversed the question, seeing sex rather as a consequence of the sin. The Physiologus, an influential allegorical, zoological treatise translated into Latin in the fifth century, stated that the elephant and its partner, which “personified” Adam and Eve, were unaware of intercourse until the female had eaten the fruit of the Mandragora officinarum and given it to the male: “because of that, they had to leave Paradise.” [142] El Fisiólogo: bestiário medieval, 20, ed. Francis J....[142] The main proponent of this train of thought was Saint Augustine, according to whom the human being before the sin practiced sex without concupiscence. [143] Augustine, La Genèse au sens littéral [De Genesi ad...[143] The error of the first couple would then have been one of pride, which led to the error of disobedience and then to carnal error. [144] In the first part of his interpretation, Augustine...[144] Another proponent of this idea was Johannes Scotus Eriugena in the eighth century, who considered that before the sin, the human being was only one, and that the resulting division of the sexes would cease in the eternal life. [145] Johannes Scotus Eriugena, Periphyseon, V, 20, PL, vol....[145] His thought continued to exert a certain influence; in the fourteenth century, it led Meister Eckhart to regard “any division” to be “bad as such,” thus perceiving the number two as the sign of the fall. [146] Meister Eckhart, Commentaire de la Genèse, 88 and 90,...[146] The Romanesque representations of the initial sin hesitated in choosing between these theological positions. Showing a preference for the second, several images accorded sexual attributes to Adam and Eve just after the ingestion of the fruit: for Adam, generally a beard [147] For Hildegard of Bingen, Causae et curae, II, 5–7,...[147] (figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), seldom a penis (figure 5), and for Eve, usually breasts (figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). A minority of images seem to attribute the initial sin to a sexual act, an iconographic and theological concept that was perhaps expressed for the first time on the bronze door of Hildesheim Cathedral in Germany between 1011 and 1015. [148] William Tronzo, “The Hildesheim Doors: An Iconographic...[148] Here, Adam appears to the left of the tree and behind him is another tree on which a small dragon is standing. Eve is to the right, close to another tree with the snake. The fruit is the apple, one in right hand of Adam and the other in the right hand of Eve, being stretched out towards Adam. There is another apple in the left hand of Eve, whose folded arm merges with her vagina. A similar illustration was used in Rebolledo de la Torre in 1186. In the Alardus Bible, the snake that gives the fruit to Eve is at the height of her vagina, recalling a male sexual organ about to penetrate her. The southernmost façade of the Church of Santa María in Sangüesa in Navarre, which dates from the second half of the twelfth century, seems to portray the same design. Here, the scene of sin is situated immediately below the personification of Lust, showing a woman whose naked breasts are attacked by toads and snakes. [149] Despite the great diversity of iconographical material...[149] This association between lust and the original sin was not uncommon; as Sangüesa was on St. James’s Way, the most travelled road by Occitans and Italians, we may hypothesize that its iconographic message expressed the opinion of many pilgrims on the subject. In this sense, this image from Navarre ratified at least two other images known to these pilgrims.
43
The first image from Provence, dated to the second quarter of the twelfth century, is located a few kilometers from Tarascon in Saint-Etienne-du-Grès, on the tympanum of Saint-Gabriel’s chapel, where Daniel appears next to the original sin (prefiguration of Christ, the new Adam) with lions (a common symbol of lust): an opposition of scenes suggesting the sexual signification of the sin. As already mentioned, it is true that the contrast between the two scenes did not necessarily mean that the artist interpreted the sin “as a vulgar sin of lust, but its consequence was to introduce turmoil and even shame into a domain that had emerged wholly pure from the hands of the Creator.” [150] Gérard de Champeaux and Sébastien Sterckx, Introduction...[150] However, the authors of this comment—a longstanding phenomenon in medieval art studies—seem inclined towards adapting the intentions of the Romanesque artist to the theologically correct reading, rather than considering other interpretative possibilities beyond the domain of ecclesiastical culture. It is significant, for example, that on the same area of the tympanum, the two scenes are chronologically inversed, first portraying Daniel and then the sin.
44
The second image from Italy figures on the mosaic of Otranto (1163–1165). The branches of the forbidden tree pass between the legs of the characters, insinuating the sexual nature of the sin. This seems all the more evident given that Adam and Eve are each situated in a circle, rendering the characters isolated, separated, and autonomous entities in their respective domains, domains most certainly resulting from the primordial androgyne being cut in two. This assumption is reinforced by the fact that the forbidden fruit is represented as the fig (with its strong sexual connotation, as already seen) and illustrated in a suggestive way by the mosaic artist, the priest Pantaleon: the thinner part of the fig held by Eve is facing downwards and placed between her breasts, as though forming a third breast; the fig in Adam’s hand is in the inverse position, reminding us of the male genitals. [151] The same sexual presentation appeared towards the end...[151]
Figure 5. - Illumination from the in Troia (Puglia), Archivio Capitulario, middle of the eleventh century.
Figure 6. - Capital in the western gallery of the monastery cloister
45
Taking the geographical distribution of the Romanesque images into account, we see that the function attributed to the fig as the forbidden fruit was mainly expressed in the cultural milieu related to the Greco-Judaic world, while the apple appeared in association with the Romano-Christian world. This is perhaps due the specific links established in these cultural areas between each fruit and a bodily organ. In the images where the fig is used, Eve is often portrayed with the fruit on the right-hand side of the tree, like the liver in the human body. [152] In this regard, I evidently mean a statistical trend,...[152] In the images with the apple, the tendency is for Eve and the fruit to appear on the left-hand side, just like the heart in the body (figures 3 and 6). In both instances, the forbidden fruit was the symbol of the rupture of the unity of Eden and the birth of the disjointed humanity that characterizes history.
Notes
[1]
On the methodological issues affecting the construction and analysis of an iconographic corpus, some good comments have been made by Jérôme Baschet in “Inventivité et sérialité des images médiévales. Pour une approche iconographique élargie,” Annales HSS 51 (1996): 93–133.
[2]
Genesis, 2:16–17; 3:1–12.
[3]
Jeremiah, 1:14. Jerome, Expositio quattuor Evangeliorum, Patrologia Latina (PL), vol. 30, col. 549d–550a.
[4]
Midrash Rabbah, Genesis, XV, 7, trans. Bernard Maruani and Albert Cohen-Arazi (Paris: Verdier, 1987), 1:183 [Midrash Rabbah, Genesis trans. Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, 2 vols. (London: Soncino Press, 1939)]; Genesis Rabbah I (Genesis 1–11), trans. Luis Vegas Montaner (Estella: Verbo Divino, 1994), 188–189 [Genesis Rabbah I, trans. Samuel Rapaport (London: Routledge, 1907)].
[5]
Following the interpretation of Marcel Durliat, Pyrénées romanes (La-Pierre-Qui-Vire: Zodiaque, 1978), 42.
[6]
Vita Adae, 36–42: “The ‘Vita Adae’,” ed. J. H. Mozley, The Journal of Theological Studies (1929): 121–149 (English manuscripts); “La Vie latine d’Adam et Ève,” ed. Jean-Pierre Pettorelli, Archivum latinitatis Medii Aevi (1998): 5–104 (German manuscripts); 2 Henoc 22:8: Slavonic Apocalypse of Enoch, trans. Francis I. Andersen, in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, ed. James H. Charlesworth, 2 vols. (London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1983–1985), 1:92–221; L’Évangile de Nicodème, 19, ed. André Vaillant (Geneva, Paris: Droz, 1968), 59–61.
[7]
In this instance, the capital over the door of Miègeville, dated to around 1100–1118, does not depict the scene of the sin, but rather that of the expulsion from Paradise, where the fruit behind Adam and Eve (the couple being situated between God on one side and an angel on the other) is the grapevine.
[8]
Midrash Rabbah, Genesis, XV, 7 and XIX, 5, trans. Maruani and Cohen-Arazi, [trans. Freedman and Simon], 184 and 217; Genesis Rabbah I, trans. Vegas Montaner, 190–225. Ethiopic Apocalypse of Enoch, XXXII, 3–6, trans. Ephraim Isaac, in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 1:28. Greek Apocalypse of Baruch, 4–8, trans. Harry E. Gaylord, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 1:667; Apocalypse of Abraham, XXXIII, 7, trans. Ryszard Rubinkiewicz and Horace G. Lunt, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 1:700. In the first century AD, Eliezer ben Hurcanus’s Chapters only specifies that “Noah found a grapevine coming from the Garden of Eden:” Los Capítulos de Rabbí Eliezer, XXIII, 4, trans. Miguel Pérez Fernandez, (Valencia: Institución San Jerónimo, 1984), 174. Louis Ginzberg nevertheless believes that this text probably alludes to a fragment from the tree of knowledge: Les Légendes des juifs [1909], trans. Gabrielle Sed-Rajna (Paris: Éd. du Cerf, 1997), 1:302, n. 59. According to the same author (Les Légendes des juifs, 219, n. 70), “the oldest and widespread opinion identifies the forbidden fruit with the grape, which traces back to an ancient mythological idea considering wine to be the beverage of the gods.”
[9]
David Romano, “Jueus a la Catalunya carolingia i dels primers comtes (876–1100),” in Exposiciò dins la formació de l’Europa medieval (Girona: Ajuntament de Girona, 1985), 113–119. Hilário Franco Júnior, “Le pouvoir de la parole: Adam et les animaux dans la tapisserie de Gérone,” Médiévales 25 (1993): 113–128.
[10]
Arturo Graf, Il Mito del Paradiso terrestre (1892; reprint, Rome: Edizioni del Graal, 1982), 65; Gioacchino Volpe, Movimenti religiosi e sette ereticali nella società medievale italiana: secoli XI–XIV fourth ed. (Florence: Sansoni, 1972), 17–40; Cinzio Violante, La Società milanese nell’età precomunale (Bari: Laterza, 1974), 220–231. Priests in Spain in the seventh century offered a bunch of grapes to believers during the Eucharist, which could also be a reaction against the idea of the grapevine as the forbidden fruit (third Council of Braga [675], prologue and canon 1: Concílios visigóticos e hispano-romanos, ed. and trans. José Vives (Barcelona and Madrid: CSIC, Instituto Enrique Florez, 1963), 371–373).
[11]
Michel Tardieu, Trois Mythes gnostiques: Adam, Éros et les animaux d’Égypte dans un écrit de Nag Hammadi (II, 5) (Paris: Études augustiniennes, 1974), particularly 88–89, 142–144, and 166–169.
[12]
Paul Deschamps, “Notes sur la sculpture romane en Bourgogne,” Gazette des Beaux-Arts (1922): 61–80.
[13]
Deschamps, “Notes sur la sculpture.”
[14]
Joseph de Ghellinck, “L’eucharistie au XIIe siècle en Occident,” in Dictionnaire de théologie catholique (Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1913), vol. 5, col. 1233–1302. Iconography was also influenced by the phenomenon in which the Crucified was depicted as a bunch of grapes, as seen on the thirteenth-century metal relief on the door of the Church of Sion in Switzerland. This was reproduced by Erich Neumann, The Great Mother: An Analysis of the Archetype, trans. Ralph Mannheim (1955; reprint, Princeton (N. J.): Princeton University Press, 1972), pl. 114.
[15]
Roger Dion, Histoire de la vigne et du vin en France des origines au XIXe siècle (Paris: author publication, 1959), 245–247.
[16]
Auguste Gaudel, “Péché originel,” in Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, vol. XII-1, col. 441 [quotation back-translated from the French].
[17]
Jacques Brosse, Mythologie des arbres (Paris: Plon, 1989), 299–300. The purity attributed to the olive rendered the olive tree the tree of life par excellence, as seen above, n.5.
[18]
Robert Saint-Jean and Jean Nougaret, Vivarais-Gévaudan romans (La Pierre-Qui-Vire: Zodiaque, 1991), 157–158. La Nuit des temps, 75.
[19]
Genesis, 3:7.
[20]
John, 1:48. This relationship between the fig and knowledge can be traced back to classical paganism: Plato, for example, called this fruit “the friend of philosophers,” according to Éloïse Mozzani, Le Livre des superstitions: mythes, croyances et légendes (Paris: Robert Laffont, 1995), 746.
[21]
Matthew, 21:19. Paul Sébillot, Le Folklore de France, vol. 6, La Flore (1906; reprint, Paris: Imago, 1985), 21; Mozzani, Le Livre des superstitions, 746.
[22]
Stuttgart Psalter, around 810 (Stuttgart: Württembergische Landes-bibliothek, Cod. Bibl. 172o 23, fol. 8).
[23]
Midrash Rabbah, Genesis XV, 7, trans. Maruani and Cohen-Arazi, 185; Génesis Rabbah I, trans. Vegas Montaner, 190–191.
[24]
Life of Adam and Eve (Apocalypse), xx, 4–5, trans. M. D. Johnson, in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 2:281; Apocalisse di Mosè, trans. Liliana Rosso Ubigli, in Apocrifi dell’Antico Testa-mento, ed. Paolo Sacchi (Turin: UTET, 1989), 2:429; Vida de Adán y Eva (Apocalipsis de Moises), trans. Natalio Fernández Marcos, in Apocrifos del Antiguo Testamento, ed. Alejandro Diez Macho (Madrid: Cristiandad, 1982), 2:330.
[25]
Testament of Adam 3c, trans. Stephen E. Robinson, in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 1:994; Testamento de Adán III, 4 (R II), trans. F. J. Martínez Fernández, in Apocrifos del Antiguo Testamento, 5:433.
[26]
Il Combattimento di Adamo, 40, ed. and trans. A. Battista and B. Bagatti (Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1982), 110.
[27]
Theodoret of Cyrus, Quaestiones in Genesim, II, 28, Patrologia Graeca (PG), vol. LXXX, col. 125 c.
[28]
Tertullian, Adversus Marcionem, I, 2, 2, ed. Ernst Kroymann (Turnhout: Brepols, 1954), 443. Corpus christianorum. Series latina, 1; Hugh of Saint Victor, Adnotationes elucidatoriae in Pentateuchon, Patrologia Latina (PL), vol. CLXXV, col. 42 a-b; Pierre Comestor, Historia scholastica, 23, PL, vol. CXCVIII, col. 1073 b-c. Even at the end of the Middles Ages, several authors still thought in this manner: Meister Eckhart, Commentaire de la Genèse, 97 and 205, ed. and trans. Fernand Brunner et al. (Paris: Éd. du Cerf, 1984), 360 and 518. L’Œuvre latine de Maître Eckhart, 1.
[29]
Das Tristan-Epos Gottfrieds von Strassburg, v. 17944, ed. Wolfgang Spiewok (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1989), 251. Deutsche Texte des Mittelalters, 75.
[30]
Beryl Smalley, “Andrew of Saint-Victor, Abbot of Wigmore: A Twelfth-Century Hebraist,” Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale 10 (1938): 358–373; Beryl Smalley, The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983), 149–172 and 179–180; Esra Shereshevsky, “Hebrew Traditions in Peter Comestor’s Historia Scholastica,” The Jewish Quarterly Review 59 (1968–1969): 268–289.
[31]
Brosse, Mythologie des arbres, 285–286.
[32]
Jean Beleth, Summa de ecclesiasticis officiis, 125, ed. Herbert Douteil (Turnhout: Brepols, 1976), 239–241; Gervase of Tilbury, Otia Imperialia: Recreation for an Emperor, trans. S. E. Banks and J. W. Binns (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002). In the thirteenth century, the theme appeared in several well-known texts, such as La Queste del Saint Graal, ed. Albert Pauphilet (Paris: Honoré Champion, 1980), 210ff. and Jacobus de Voragine’s Golden Legend: Legenda aurea, vulgo Historia Lombardica dicta, LXVIII, ed. Theodor Graesse (1846; reprint, Osnabrück: Otto Zeller, 1969), 303–304.
[33]
Exodus, 29:13, 22; Leviticus, 3:4, 10, 15; 4:9; 7:4; 8:16, 25; 9:10, 19.
[34]
Tobit, VI, 7.
[35]
Hesiod, Théogonie, v. 524, ed. and trans. Paul Mazon, thirteenth reprint (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1996), 51. Coll. des Universités de France [Theogony, trans Hugh G. Evelyn-White (Cambridge, MA: Loeb Classics, 1914)].
[36]
Anacreon, “Fragment 33,” vv. 28, 32, in Carmina Anacreontea, ed. Martin L. West (Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1984), 25.
[37]
Horace, Odes, IV, 1, 12, ed. and trans. François Villeneuve (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1927), 152 [The Complete Odes and Satires of Horace, trans. Sidney Alexander (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999)].
[38]
Plato, Timée, 71 a, d, ed. and trans. Albert Rivaud (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1985), 198 [Timaeus and Critias, ed. Thomas K. Johansen, trans. Desmond Lee (London: Penguin, 1977)].
[39]
In the Romanesque period, there was at least one allusion to the Latin Cupid (called only Amores) sending an arrow to the heart: Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès, v. 455, trans. Alexandre Micha (Paris: Honoré Champion, 1982) [Cliges, trans. W. W. Comfort (London: Everyman’s Library, 1914)]. A medieval collection of classical mythology, written between 875 and 1075, says that the gods sent an eagle to punish Prometheus by attacking his heart (not the liver, as Hesiod declared): Premier Mythographe du Vatican, I, 1, 3, ed. Nevio Zorzetti, trans. Jacques Berlioz (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1995), 2. The transposition of the symbolic role of the liver to the heart became so ingrained that modern scholars have more than once taken one for the other, as, for example, the translator of Horace, Odes, ed. and trans. Villeneuve, n.36 or that of Anacreon, Odes, trans. Frédéric Matthews (Paris: Presses Universitaires, 1927), 91.
[40]
Jacobus de Voragine, Legenda aurea, XXV, ed. Graesse, 120. Eve
NR. CAT.INTERPRETTITLUL PIESEI
1 ABBA - THE WINNER TAKES IT ALL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5Z2gR-lOXY
2 FRANCESCO NAPOLI - SANTA LUCIA
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4 ABBA - ONE OF US - www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qMsZSb0DdU
5 QUEEN - BOHEMIAN RHAPSODY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=JszN7h84TXs
6 SCORPIONS - HOLIDAY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8s3A-B4oas
7 ELVIS PRESLEY - TUTTI FRUTTI - www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjb5pfRvM2s
8 SANDRA - HY, HY, HY
9 GINA T. - TOKIO BY NIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJl_T6w1tBU
10GINA T. SUMMERTIME, SUMMERTIME -
11 SANDRA - MARIA MAGDALENA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KBhW00yx58
12 GARY MOORE - STILL GOT THE BLUES - www.youtube.com/watch?v=cr0C0ExEJyo
13 SCORPIONS - STILL LOVING YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FptecA2HnE
14 ABBA - ANDANTE, ANDANTE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOAHtf81Hwo
15 EUROPE - FINAL COUNTDAWN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZkllM8znx4
16 ROXETTE - THE LOOK - www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_QGyLqQ2CI
17 QUEEN - WE ARE THE CHAMPIONS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdCrZfTkG1c
18 ABBA - TAKE A CHANCE OF ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYkWMAbFVc0
19 MADONNA - LIKE A VIRGIN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHrDPD5bFQA
20 MODERN TALKING - YOU'RE MY HEART, YOU'RE MY SOUL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9AY8sZGavs
21 NAZARETH - DREAM ON - www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHF5D_zKB-o
22 GINA T. - HEY, ANGEL
23 JOHN LENNON - STAND BY ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISkLWgLpwRI
24 RICCHI E POVERI ACAPULCO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve5Xr9Bb0z0
25 KIM WILDE - NEVER TRUST A STRANGER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xan7FAJ1w90
26 MARTIN GORE - IN A MANNER OF SPEAKING - www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxoixiQc5U8
27 SAMANTHA FOX - I PROMISE YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=szylvTpr83E
28 STATUS QUO - (WE ARE) IN THE ARMY NOW - www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6J4kFC7hrg
29 BELINDA CARLISLE - LA LUNA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOjv20q9Qzg
30 DEPECHE MODE - STRANGE LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=GE5M1Or__io&feature=related
31 ABBA - I HAVE A DREAM - www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1AGTEwTCqk
32 ROXETTE - DRESSED FOR SUCCES - www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FwVD6BQApA
33 BEE GEES - TRAGEDY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=um2Lxambevc
34 MICHAEL JACKSON BAD - www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9VHQcLKW3c
35 SCORPIONS - BIELIVE IN LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=9d62dWjUDMA
36 SANDRA - LOREEN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mLN4ngsZQo
37 FRANCESCO NAPOLI - BALLA, BALLA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSl-8Pev_Xo&feature=related
38 QUEEN - RADIO GAGA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArbARCeam3I
39MILLI VANILLIGIRL, I'M GONNA MISS YOU
40ABBAHAPPY NEW YEAR
41 T'PAU - CHINA IN YOUR HAND - www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSh6SQd8UrI
42 ENYA - ORINOCCO FLOW - www.youtube.com/watch?v=a88-Tyl1gkI
43 UB40 - HERE I AM BABY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJ6wgGxiA6Q
44BLUE SISTEM TESTAMENT D'AMELIA
45 ALAN PARSONS PROJECT - DON'T ANSWER ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAT7QYt2_C8
46 GEORGE MICHAEL - MOTHER'S PRIDE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRWyTLza_Uk
47 PAULA ABDUL - RUSH, RUSH - www.youtube.com/watch?v=zH_AJ4rDdEY
48 QUEEN - THE MIRACLE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrADb7CHDsc
49 MIDGE URE - IF I WAS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtFZlwzVEj8
50 LONDON BOYS - ELLA
51 DEPECHE MODE - ENJOY THE SILENCE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncvx8OVWaqg
52MADONNAMATERIAL GIRL
53SKID ROWI REMEMBER YOU
54GINA T.GOOD BYE MY LOVE, GOOD BYE
55 MC HAMMER - PRAY
56 BAD BOYS BLUE - YOU'RE THE WOMAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHG61zyv43Y
57 CINDY LAUPER - TIME AFTER TIME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=3C6AXnnjgqI
58 UMBERTO TOZZI - TI AMO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBFo9XCmSXs
59 ABBA - DANCING QUEEN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GFpMb0sOaw
60 SANDRA - ONE MORE NIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9YM4OP0Wh4
61 PHILL COLLINS - ANOTHER DAY IN PARADISE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftlYLcEW_I4
62 ROXETTE - CHANGES
63 TINA TURNER - I DON'T WANNA LOSE YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FkdIKc7sYw
64 SAMANTHA FOX - NOTHING GONNA STOP ME NOW - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow8rsycBQ54
65 NKOTB - STEP BY STEP - www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqWgSKgIDR4
66 FRANCESCO NAPOLI - MONDO MAGICO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCL-zcFAOSs
67 GINA T. - IN MY FANTASY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPkXZ-P2zAE
68 SONIA - LISTEN TO YOUR HEART - www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaUE-4Qc0P8
69 JASON DONOVAN - TOO MANY BROCKEN HEARTS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR3pQpqeqSc
70 JOHN LENNON - IMAGINE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEOkxRLzBf0
71 MICHAEL JACKSON - THRILLER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtyJbIOZjS8
72 ALPHAVILLE - SOUNDS LIKE A MELODY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxUJPry5CTE
73 FRANCE GALL - ELLA, ELLA L'A - www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQkB-WWzsbg
74 GEORGE MICHAEL - TONIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=6a9q7gsIAYQ
75 EUROPE - SUPERSTITION - www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-T_xXOuIbs
76 MC HAMMER - U CAN'T TOUCH THIS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9nptjUs9FM
77 ABBA - HONEY, HONEY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-mVcS4TYhM
78 SPACE MONKEY - ONE MORE SHUT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=kt__nbs02wg
79 BELINDA CARLISLE - SUMMER RAIN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=s67FEby4pE8
80 PET SHOP BOYS - WHERE THE STRAITS HAVE NO NAME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCSjWyvZIjI
81 DEPECHE MODE - BLACK CELEBRATION - www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQ5ZiMqy_ek
82 SCORPIONS - WHEN THE SMOKE IS GOING DAWN
83 GRACE JONES - LA VIE EN ROSE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=modA9aa_ihA
84 BEE GEES - SECRET LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7ncGENPJFg
85 GOOMBAY DANCE BAND - IKO
86 BORIS GARDINER - I WANNA WAKE UP WITH YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AuHibzE0aY
87 BAD BOYS BLUE - HUNGRY FOR LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lTNVGzf1E0
88 SAMANTHA FOX - TOUCH ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiuimDNlyuQ
89 TINA TURNER - TWO PEOPLE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJNklB8moQ4
90 ROXETTE - HALF A WOMAN HALF A SHADOW - www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fTKIDuW1Dc
91 CHRIS REA - AUBERGE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKxnB_DkeU0
92 BONEY M. - SUNNY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWYMlzifiBo
93 JENNIFER RUSH - THE POWER OF LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEI2rXVcUh8
94 GIPSY KINGS - ALL MY LOVING
95 JOHNNY LOGAN HOLD MY NOW -http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k11lChNQqU
96 SANDRA - LITTLE GIRL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y58pDM2edgk
97 AC/DC - THUNDERSTRUCK - www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvoeeq-BH4w
98 EROS RAMAZZOTTI - ADESSO TU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoLyZELpmws
99 DIRE STRAITS - WALK OF LIFE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrjBddCTCmk
100 PET SHOP BOYS - IT'S A SIN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-3jf3Vj850
101 PHILL COLLINS - ONE MORE NIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=5S8hpGRvYIY
102 SPANDAU BALLET - TRUE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYb83KM4at4
103 ABBA - SUMMER NIGHT CITY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJTIKsz3iTc
104 ALPHAVILLE - SUMMER IN BERLIN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpIBYO88n38
105 CATALIN CRISAN - VORBESTE MAREA
106 WHITNEY HOUSTON - ALL THE MAN THAT I WANT
107 UB40 - WEDDING DAY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI_RpevK4qw
108 WHAM - WAKE ME UP BEFORE YOU GO GO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hksil-KkebQ
109 GINA T. - BIRDS OF PARADISE
110 LONDON BOYS - IS IT LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=yU5IZrjNyTk
111 VAYA CON DIOS - WHAT'S A WOMAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNRvI_PXWHg
112 TOTO CUTUGNO - SOLO NOI - www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5KBypdKoAU
113 AL BANO&ROMINA POWER - CARA TERRA MIA
114 EURYTHMICS - THERE MUST BE AN ANGEL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeI9c9Uvlrs
115 DEPECHE MODE - JUST CAN'T GET ENOUGH - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bhg8D8MVYxQ
116 QUEEN - IT'S A KIND OF MAGIC - www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLxN0wpFoP8
117 SMOKIE - LIVING NEXT DOOR TO ALICE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcVLeUFW-AM
118 SABRINA - KISS
119 MODERN TALKING - YOU CAN WIN IF YOU WANT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxM8Kf5SeiA
120 BAD BOYS BLUE - I NEED A WOMAN
121 MARKY MARK&F.B. - WILDSIDE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCUrSF-fBIM
122 KYLIE MINOGUE - I SHOULD BE SO LUCKY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=girkbXtjILg
123 MICHAEL JACKSON - BILLY JEAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRZ5d9evWUg
124 SONY&CHER - I GOT YOU BABY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hGlYT38DZY
125 SAMANTHA FOX - HOLD ON TIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDqLMaWuXug
126 BEE GEES - MASSACHUSSETS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iyog5mgvRK8
127 ABBA - GIMME, GIMME, GIMME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibtOshtX7T0
128 GIPSY KINGS - BEM, BEM, MARIA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4ywf7ipeCM
129 BONEY M. - MA BAKER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dt77ZqE1bCA
130 GEORGE MICHAEL - FREEDOM - www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTugeLRZ6GI
131 ALAN SORENTI - TU SEI L'UNICCA DONNA PER ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SWGPHuZ4x0
132 SAM BROWN - STOP - www.youtube.com/watch?v=muDZD3wgoHI
133 EURYTHMICS - LOVE IS STRANGE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLwy2QuVOUE
134 COMPACT - UN ALT INCEPUT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCbxeMbR_vw
135 AL BANO&ROMINA POWER - LIBERTA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0uP4kSCS6I
136 BEATLES - HELP! - www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ibX3TejlZE
137 KIM WILDE - STONE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtQINb3pEyE
138 STATUS QUO - FINE, FINE, FINE
139 SANDRA - WE'LL BE TOGETHER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=iygeiYo6smQ
140 SABRINA - SEXY GIRL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtiTJ9nS1Vg
141 QUEEN - BREAKTHRU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q22oGInO-uo
142 CHICAGO - HARD TO SAY I'M SORRY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLFg-FQy9Xk
143 CONNIE FRANCIS - PARADISO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlaXMh20Rxw
144 SMOKIE - MEXICAN GIRL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZcnM_hWkRA
145 MODERN TALKING - DIAMONDS NEVER MIND A LADY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9iQYPwo7oc
146 WHAM - LAST CHRISTMAS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUJeUAmfr6w
147 JOY - CHRISTMAS MIX
148 PRINCE - NOTHING COMPARES TO YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fi7LT-YnQYo
149 DAVID HOLLYDAY - HIGH - www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGSxtMCU5NM
150 SOPHIA GEORGE- GIRLIE, GIRLIE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hNH2b05oGA
151JANE BIRKIN&SERGE GAINSBURG - JE T'AIME...MOI NON PLUS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHiMDB19Dyc
152 TINA TURNER - WAY OF THE WORLD - www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AzWdpWi1HA
153 GIPSY KINGS - SOPA DE CORASOL
154 JOHN NASH - ROCK YOUR BABY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGTtu3mLacE
155 FRANCESCO NAPOLI - SIMPHONY OF LOVE
156 ALPHAVILLE - BIG IN JAPAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXPUkrz7Uow
157 BAD BOYS BLUE - PRETTY YOUNG GIRL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=3P07U-eOYWU
158 EROS RAMAZZOTTI - SE BASTASSE UNA CANZONE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHMHEXHOkFc
159 CHRIS DE BURGH - LADY IN RED - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vt2YIpZWBqA
160 LIONEL RITCHIE - SAY YOU, SAY ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=we0mk_J0zyc
161 NAZARETH - LOVE HURTS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrSs7gfLDjc
162 EROS RAMAZZOTTI - UNA STORIA IMPORTANTE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=8470byw8hkY
163 BEE GEES - WORDS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=dn9cHegvcFI
164 SANDRA - EVERLASTING LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpkk3NInYe4
165 DEPECHE MODE - CLEAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5mgZavF4dg
166 BONEY M. - PAINTER MAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgevV4tpXVE
167 LEO SAYERS - WHEN I NEED YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Lq4in_4PfM
168 ABBA - FERNANDO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=TK06tbNFiEU
169 KIM WILDE - FOUR LETTER WORLD - www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYYqIArWYu0
170 STATUS QUO - LATE LAST NIGHT
171 TOTO CUTUGNO - NAPOLI - www.youtube.com/watch?v=JITX_ar8Lrs
172 SMOKIE - I'LL MEET YOU MIDNIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=J37fUj7NEl4
173 CUTTING CREW - I'VE BEEN IN LOVE BEFORE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=b75LKJLqI5o
174 BONNIE TYLER - BITTERBLUE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8v-hIr-Q9E
175 TEARS FOR FEARS - SHUT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1OduoZAUeM
176 C.C. CATCH - SOUL SURVIVOR - www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdlWdlfsLpU
177 BEATLES - LET IT BE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=67J_66hdN-I
178 ALICE COOPER - POISON - www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RRY0R0Xgl0
179 GINA T. - STILL IN LOVE
180 JENNIFER RUSH - HEART OVER MIND - www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7aKKZM_acY
181CHER - IF I COULD TURN BACK TIME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G4O5AMSevc
182 BAD BOYS BLUE - QUEEN OF HEARTS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkbtAuPzcD4
183 GARY MOORE - MIDNIGHT BLUES - www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-9jJUr9S0Q
184 EUROPE - PRISONIERS IN PARADISE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXatVNtQlgM
185 SIMON&GARFUNKEL - (IF I COULD) EL CONDOR PASSA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6i8HHrz2BI
186 MODERN TALKING - CHERRY, CHERRY LADY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWtN2_7EdLU
187 ABBA - MAMMA MIA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zKYl7w0G0
188 U2 - PRIDE (IN THE NAME OF LOVE) - www.youtube.com/watch?v=k04KzgYRKrE
189 ROD STEWARD - SAILLING - www.youtube.com/watch?v=34jZePnMQNQ
190 BILL HALEY&HIS COMETS - ROCK AROUD THE CLOCK - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kes6jahveVg
191 ROXETTE - LISTEN TO YOUR HEART - www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sJPUTTfNbg
192 METALICA - ONE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5BoQ1qPPRs
193 SCOTT MCKENZIE - SAN FRANCISCO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKWiwfOhI6U
194 PAT BOONE - SPEEDY GONZALES - www.youtube.com/watch?v=szQ-KKekprY
195 MR BIG - JUST TAKE MY HEART - www.youtube.com/watch?v=igpxZvh5Ei8
196 BONEY M. - EL LUTE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=kifhJlfu4EA
197 INX'S - NEED YOU TONIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUZhUjS630E
198 BELINDA CARLISLE - HALF THE WORLD - www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nLPJdeXAdI
199 ROLLING STONES - ANGIE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbZcslc9M78
200 NKOTB - HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=nW9QT99OKT8
201 SANDRA - LA VISTA DE LUNA
202 QUEEN - FRIENDS WILL BE FRIENDS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoKmWrQb2Gw
203GIPSY KINGSSOY
204PEABO BRYSON &ROBERTA FLACKTONIGHT I CELEBRATE MY LOVE
205 BONEY M. - GOTTA TO HOME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EjLWh2150I
206 MORIS ALBERT - FEELINGS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYgfXZuVNV0
207 GEORGE MICHAEL - FAITH - www.youtube.com/watch?v=XesXjkDLImg
208 ABBA - THE DAY BEFORE YOU CAME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYqYYnxhtgo
209 JASON DONOVAN - COMEBACK TO ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbZSBP5CgpI
210 ROY ORBINSON - CALIFORNIA BLUE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmuhPFHEbJo
211 BEATLES - LOVE ME DO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouzndIEbEsc
212 DSCHINGHIS KHAN - HUN, HAN, DSCHINGHIS KHAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_esCf2GSTI
213 GAZEBO - I LIKE CHOPIN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-_6J03UCxs
214 SAMANTHA FOX - I ONLY WANNA BE WITH YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd-Ez00WJ9U
215 VIXEN - LOVE IS A KILLER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=1my4mYH5C90
216 SHEENA EASTON - FOR YOUR EYES ONLY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BOWrm4xzQ0
217 JOHN WAITE - MISSING YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuR9_kWJZgU
218 MICHAEL JACKSON - KEEP THE FAITH - www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSLQand-AiQ
219 U2 - ONE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFWPeVfWB9o
220 INXS - SUCCIDE BLONDE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zRFrm0HEM
221 HEART - ALL I WANNA DO IS MAKE LOVE TO YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=mT7qBNpplUc
222 ABBA - ANGELEYES - www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AGe995z3Fk
223 CURE - FRIDAY I'M IN LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSmfNxmaQHc
224 EROS RAMAZZOTTI - MUSICA E - www.youtube.com/watch?v=nb4fN4bNNBg
225 LIONEL RITCHIE - DEEP RIVER WOMAN
226NAT KING COLEMONA LISA
227MADONNAEN VOGUE
228 PATRICK SWAYZE - SHE'S LIKE THE WIND - www.youtube.com/watch?v=kO4I7i2mSAI
229GINA T.TOGETHER AGAIN
230 SIMON&GARFUNKEL - CECILIA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0hdSfCSFn0
231 NEIL SEDAKA - ONE WAY TICKET - www.youtube.com/watch?v=utHd6SQn9Uk
232 TOTO CUTUGNO - MI PIACERE...BE ANDARE = www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4WFlJzEBd0
233 JON BON JOVI - BLAZE OF GLORY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=upenR6n7xWY
234 BLACK - WONDERFUL LIFE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyfu_mU-dmo
235 POLICE - DE, DU, DU, DU, DE, DA, DA, DA
236 CAT STEVENS - MORNING HAS BROKEN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TWd3skb-Rw
237 MOODY BLUES - NIGHTS IN WHITE SATIN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=13uWfr_EY1o
238 NKOTB - TONIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=8B_ZOGuV5c4
239 C.C. CATCH - HEARTBREACK HOTEL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=DteIcZ1A-VM
240 NEIL SEDAKA - OH!, CAROL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ux49UBie-w8
241 SMOKIE - OH, CAROL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xdozj_FuoqU
242 VAYA CON DIOS - NAH, NEH, NAH - www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LUm-E4GPU8
243 RICHARD MARX - ANGELIA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=FujIQkKH15w
244 CHRIS ISAAK - WICKED GAME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT8JJXoVNRs
245 DEEP PURPLE - SOLDIER OF FORTUNE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aiy3yHaIE0o
246 BUDDY HOLLY&THE CRICKETS - PEGGY SUE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=XccBx9rp4eo
247 BYRDS - MR. TAMBOURINE MAN LOVE
248NATALIE COLEMISS YOU LIKE CRAZY
249 ROY ORBINSON - YOU GOT IT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTuhx_Kof9w
250 JOSE FELICIANO - CHE SERA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfiPKNyEvaY
251 LONDON BOYS - LONDON NIGHT
252 CLINT EASTWOOD - STOP THAT TRAIN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=vt-8B6MkRM8
253 BEATLES - O-BLA-DI, O-BLA-DA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJhcGepfG04
254 A-HA - CRYING IN THE RAIN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9bWsh8dsbI
255 ABBA - ARRIVAL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=vD9QJvkBDCc
256 STEVIE WONDER I JUST CALLED TO SAY I LOVE YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=PY45DkaP9Ls
257ELTON JOHN&GEORGE MICHAELDON'T LET GO THE SUN
258WAINE WADE LADY
259PAUL YOUNGDON'T DREAM IT'S OVER
260AARON NEVILLEEVERYBODY PLAYS THE FOOL
261FOREIGNERWAITING FOR A GIRL LIKE YOU
262 IRIS - CINE MA STRIGA IN NOAPTE? - www.youtube.com/watch?v=WS6ixT5Yxf4
263 FIREHOUSE - WHEN I LOOK INTO YOUR EYES - www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZRQlqH4flk
264 CARS - DRIVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBLGlb-MOGg
265 JOAN JET&THE BLACK HEARTS - I LOVE ROCK AND ROLL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3T_xeoGES8
266 RIGHTEOUS BROTHERS - UNCHAINED MELODY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-idDbIfGvw
267 SUZI QUATRO - IF YOU CAN'T GIVE ME YOUR LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=YA4ATHmWhGA
268 BETTE MIDLER - FROM A DISTANCE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDSh5wUtXt4
269 NEIL SEDAKA - CALENDAR GIRL - www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgDZOhQbmRs
270 U2 - LOVE RESQUE ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxXdq1gSk9o
271 ERASURE - OH L'AMOUR - www.youtube.com/watch?v=psH7lpJllg4
272 DSCHINGHIS KHAN - MEXICO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=5s6ey7Whq6A
273 UMBERTO TOZZI - GLORIA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzDLHcY9nW4
274 JERRY LEE LEWIS - GREAT BALS OF FIRE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQMYtUB2Y_k
275 HEART - ALONE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxfdDrKO8uM
276 SANTANA - EUROPA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBDLQZgntYE
277 ABBA - RING, RING - www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6ArZoApdvI
278 ASWAD - DON'T TURN AROUND - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd2qdsC17qs
279 BAD BOYS BLUE - CHAINS OF LOVE
280 BONNIE TYLER - AGAINS THE WIND - www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBDsVZHehSo
281 GINA T. - THE WINDOW OF MY HEART
282 STATUS QUO - CAROLINE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=MY96gAVjz_c
283 DOROTHY MORE - IF YOU GIVE ME YOUR HEART - www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAz-HamGx6A
284 BUGGLES - VIDEO KILLED IN THE RADIO STARR - www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKXtkgfJ4iU
285 CRISTIANS - WORDS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_CzZhm-RrY
286 BEE GEES - WORLD - www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIEc14p9WNc
287 BONNIE TYLER - TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE HEART - www.youtube.com/watch?v=55nTwg5NIPM
288 EDDY GRANT& EQUALS - I DON'T WANNA DANCE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQGspqWqUyI
289 CULTURE CLUB - DON'T YOU REALLY WANT TO HURT ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvddcQ9b5pw
290 SIMON&GARFUNKEL - THE SOUND OF SILENCE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZGWQauQOAQ
291 BONEY M. - BROWN GIRL IN THE RING - www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qJTyGmZeLo
292 ELVIS PRESLEY - JAILHOUSE ROCK - www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRu3tw9fYxE
293 ABBA - MONEY, MONEY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3MHptWvC-s
294 VAYA CON DIOS - I DON'T WANT TO KNOW
295 ALPHAVILLE - A VICTORY OF LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpb4I6sSj80
296 ALICE COOPER - HOUSE OF FIRE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LuKSnhPgQk
297 MICHAEL JACKSON - DIRTY DIANA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Hg-IRZk4D0
298 JOHN LENNON - JEALOUS GUY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lLs2dC9NaE
299 SCORPIONS - COMING HOME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6IBaEObY_o
300 PET SHOP BOYS - SUBURBIA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEbikoW0Fn4
301 C.C. CATCH - HOUSE OF MYSTIC LIGHTS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=gx89gZFqmVs
302 SINEAD O'CONNOR - NOTHING COMPARES TO YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KiTM6PaXHHg
303 KYLIE MINOGUE - I GUESS I LIKE IT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=DC-g_T-3opc
304 ERIC CLAPTON - WONDERFUL TONIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yekz__cCci0
305 CURE - CLOSE TO ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3hdytcAUjI
306 AMERICA - THE LAST UNICORN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdsmqwCRoM8
307 PM SAMPSON&DOUBLE KEY - WE LOVE TO LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqP8aum6cpo
308 BRIAN FERRY&ROXY MUSIC - SLAVE TO LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYdF1qjMNks
309 FRANCESCO NAPOLI - PIANO, PIANO
310 ROY ORBINSON - HEARTBREACK RADIO
311 BOBBY HEBB - SUNNY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjZaXn18kKY
312 BRIAN ADAMS - HEAVEN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSdKxtbtwxc
313 LONDON BOYS - MY LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=yU5IZrjNyTk
314 BAD ENGLISH - THE TIME ALONE WITH YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KcaQtyaeufg
315 REO SPEEDWAGON - KEEP ON LOVING YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgT_mJXbvCQ
316 RICCHI E POVERI - SARA PERCHE TI AMO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCvUOBGpk6Y
317 FREDDIE MERCURY - THE GREAT PRETENDER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3L29U_8c9U
318 FALCO - ROCK ME AMADEUS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrd7capPKaw
319 LED ZEPPELIN - STAIRWAY TO HEAVEN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayzhJKy8H_A
320 AL BANO&ROMINA POWER - SHARAZAM - ROMINA POWER - SHARAZAM
321 COMPACT - FATA DIN VIS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTJqIkSuf6s
322 ABBA - KNOWING ME, KNOWING TOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKDdaVRNGwE
323 BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN - BORN IN USA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIekamBDiAw
324 KAOMA - LAMBADA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AfTl5Vg73A
325 PINK FLOYD - WISH YOU WERE HERE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXdNnw99-Ic
326 PHIL COLLINS - ALL OF MY LIFE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2hnw22MZwg
327 BON JOVI - YOU GIVE LOVE IN A BAD NAME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvfnrNOe3gA
328 EUROPE - CARRIE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tj1JXL-zvyw
329 GARY MOORE - EMPTY ROOMS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFUW621lgXY
330 JOHN LENNON - X-MAS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8jw-ifqwkM
331 BZN - WE ALL WE DANCE
332 JENNIFER RUSH - COME UNDONE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNbe637XSmU
333 EDDY GRANT& EQUALS - GIMME HOPE, JO'ANNA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNNfAuMq-M0
334 KYLIE MINOGUE - TEARS IN MY PILLOW - www.youtube.com/watch?v=QE5YreJFS-U
335 KENNY ROGERS&SHEENA EASTON - WE'VE GOT TONIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogWcJeV7r4Y
336 ADRIANO CELENTANO - SUZANNA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tj32jEBLCIA
337 JOE COCKER - DON'T YOU LOVE ME ANYMORE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxOmusS4fFI
338 MUSICAL YOUTH - PASS THE DUTCHIE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=rG3Nsz8tOqo
339 JUNE LODGE - SOMEONE LOVES YOU HONEY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujaDdFxPygs
340 GEORGE MICHAEL - CARELEES WHISPER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqHorjSMA8
341 DEEP PURPLE - SMOKE ON THE WATER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Zz1gOIxHPE
342 PRETENDERS - DON'T GET ME WRONG - www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_Bj8wrXslk
343 JIMMY CLIFF - REGGAE NIGHT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dujSAhnEsk
344 ZIGGY MARLEY - TOMORROW PEOPLE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWxvdbJ2Pbs
345 BOB MARLEY&THE WAILERS - ONE LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4fqqUQhx6k
346 ROBIN BECK - THE FIRST TIME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7nrrLzNpv0
347 PUPO - SU DI NOI - www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_au6L0k41Y
348 ROXETTE - SPENDING MY TIME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrD1hjjex5Y
349 DSCHINGHIS KHAN - LORELEI - www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9XgVR_Hs28
350 KOREEANA - HAND IN HAND - www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBscXKsD1x8
351 CULTURE CLUB - YOU'RE MY SUNSHINE
352 GEORGE MICHAEL - ONE MORE TRY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7Iiz1g1WLk
353 NICK KAMEN - I PROMISED MYSELF - www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiC5BdIVfm8
354 MIREILLE MATHIEU - LA PALOMA ADIEU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SXi4U-0My8
355 BONEY M. - HOARAY...IT'S A HOLIDAY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-s4wWXTNRc
356 SANTANA - SAMBA PA TI - www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzSayxVM_E0
357 MARCO MASSINI - VAI CON LUI - www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkVh_SNTfQg
358 CLIFF RICHARD - CONGRATULATIONS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=us3dQ0nnlHY
359 AL BANO&ROMINA POWER - SEMPRE, SEMPRE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=TyGqvJKjiDE
360 ABBA - CASSANDRA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp3uvtXa0GY
361 GINA T. - ONE OF US
362 COMPACT - CANTEC PENTRU PRIETENI - www.youtube.com/watch?v=tX9fsQRoviQ
363 RAF TARIF - YOUR BABY TONIGHT
364 P.J. PROBY - HOLD ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwWxhB-j3rk
365 LITTLE RICHARD - GOOD GOLLY MISS MOLLY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhybWFjuN2g
366 TERRY JACKS - SEASONS IN THE SUN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfm-17pu6SQ
367 MARY HOPKIN - THOSE WERE THE DAYS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5pkkAhETYg
368 SANDIE SHAW - PUPPETS IN THE STRING - www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRgAZL2Oz44
369 M - POPMUSIK - www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-7WawS48xE
370 SKEETER DAVIS - THE END OF THE WORLD - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qgcy-V6YIuI
371 HARRY NILLSON - EVERYBODY'S TALKING - www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AzEY6ZqkuE
372 GARY PUCKET - LADY WILLPOWER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAzdZh2j0YA
373 JOHN PAUL - YOUNGLOVE IS IN THE AIR - www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNC0kIzM1Fo
374 SARAGOSA BAND - ZABADAK - www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNQV0mboKg8
375 RAFAELLA CARRA - LOLA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GCye_wsoBU
376 FANCY - BOLERO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bs66fVgrG8
377 AUDREY LANDERS - MANUEL GOOD-BYE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUG6roxf1ZU
378JAY&THE AMARICANSCOME A LITTLE BIT CLOSER
379SEARCHERSSUGAR AND SPICE
380 LITTLE PEGGY MARCH - I WILL FOLLOW HIM - www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlzarnEKYVs
381 SHAKIN' STEVENS - YOU DRIVE ME CRAZY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNR3ZaV43t8
382 P.P. ARNOLD - ANGEL IN THE MORNING - www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDLmfAkaXw4
383 DAWN - KNOCK THREE TIMES - www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLMtWPT2OLI
384 RINGO STARR - PHOTOGRAPH - www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-k_3csLKjE
385ALVIN STRADUSTPRETEND
386POLICEEVERY BREATH YOU TAKE
387GEORGE BAKER SELECTIONPALOMA BLANCA
388SIMON&GARFUNKELI'M A ROCK
389JIM DIAMONDI SHOULD HAVE KNOWN BETTER
390SIR DOUGLAS QUINTETMENDOCINO
391GERRY & PACEMAKERSHOW DO YOU DO IT
392FREEALL RIGHT NOW
393ELECTRIC LIGHT ORCHESTRAROCK AND ROLL IS KING
394GIBSON BROTHERSMARIANA
395AGNETHA FALTSKOG& CHRIS NORMANONCE BURNED TWICE SKY
396PLATTERSONLY YOU
397DR. HOOKSILVIA'S MOTHER
398RUBETTESSUGAR BABY LOVE
399CLOUTSUBSTITUTE
400GLEN MEDEIROSNOTHING'S GONNA CHANGE MY LOVE
401JOHNNY LOGAN WHAT'S ANOTHER YEAR
402KEN LASZLOTONIGHT
403DRIFTERSSAVE THE LAST DANCE FOR ME
404LESLEY GOREIT'S MY PARTY
405SECRET SERVICEOH SUSIE
406QUEEN&DAVID BOWIEUNDER PRESURE
407KIM WILDEKIDS OF AMERICA
408ROY ORBINSON ONLY THE LONELY
409SHIRELLESWILL YOU STILL LOVE ME TOMORROW
410SARAGOSA BANDAGADOU
411MUNGO JERRYIN THE SUMMERTIME
412MAMAS & PAPASDEDICATED TO THE ONE I LOVE
413BROTHERHOOD OF MANSAVE ALL YOUR KISSED FOR ME
414KEITH MARSHALLONLY CRYING
415BEACH BOYSSURFIN' USA
416CHAMPSTEQUILA
417JAN&DEANSURF CITY
418STEVE ROWLANDSIMPATHY
419JACKIE DE SHANNONWHEN YOU WALK IN THE ROOM
420ELVIS PRESLEYALWAYS ON MY MIND
421PHOENIXMICA TIGANIADA
422BLONDIEHEART OF GLASS
423ADRIANO CELENTANO IL TEMPO SE NE VA
424CREAMWHITE ROOM
425BEATLESROCK AND ROLL OR MUSIC
426GENE PITNEYI'M GONNA BE STRONG
427MONKEESLAST TRAIN TO CLARSKVILLE
428BILLY BLANDLET THE LITTLE GIRL DANCE
429BOBETTESMR. LEE
430TONY CHRISTIEIN THIS THE WAY TO AMARILLO
431MADNESSOUR HOUSE
432ELTON JOHNBLUE EYES
433ULTRAVOXVIENNA
434PEGGY LEE FEVER
435PAUL ANKADIANA
436OLIVIA NEWTON JOHN&E.L.O.XANADU
437PETER GABRIELGAMES WITHOUT FRONTIERS
438KYU SAKAMOTOSUKIAKY
439MARILYN MONROEKISS
440LA COSTANUESTRA NOCE
441LYNN ANDERSONROSE GARDEN
442BYRDSTURN, TURN, TURN
443 RUTH BROWN - MAMA, HE TREATS YOUR DAUGHTER MEAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEy4CS7Frac
444 DEPECHE MODE - MASTER OR SERVANTS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jVuKt3VhMs
445RICK ASTLEYNEVER GONNA GIVE YOU UP
446 RITCHIE VALENS - LA BAMBA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Coy8Hoa1DNw
447 FOUR SEASONS - DECEMBER '63 - www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o7-3pe9uns
448BRIAN FERRY&ROXY MUSICTHE PRICE OF LOVE
449CONNIE FRANCISDON'T BREACK THE HEART THAT LOVE
450OTTWANYOU'RE O.K.
451HOT CHOCOLATEYOU SEXY THING
452HOLLIESSORRY SUZANE
453COASTERSALONG CAME JONES
454DAVE DAVIESDEATH OF A CLOWN
455HALL&OATESMENEATER
456JOE COCKERWITH THE LITTLE HELP OF MY FRIEND
457DONNA SUMMERMcARTHUR PARK
458CLOVERSDEVIL OR ANGEL
459LITTLE RICHARDTUTTI FRUTTI
460ABBACHIQUIQUITA
461CREEDENCE CLEARWATER REVIVALHEY TONIGHT
462DEAN MARTINEVERYBODY LOVES SOMEBODY
463L.U.V.CASSANOVA
464SAM COOKEWHAT A WONDERFUL WORLD
465SHIRELLESSOLDIER BOY
466BRIAN ADAMSSUMMER '69
467CLYDE McPHATTERTRESURE OF LOVE
468EDDIE COCHRANSUMMERTIME BLUES
469PAUL SIMON LATE IN THE EVENING
470DESIRELLESVOYAGE, VOYAGE
471DAVID BOWIESORROW
472PETULA CLARKSAILOR
473KINGLOVE AND PRIDE
474BOBBY DARINDREAMLOVER
475CAT STEVENSWILD WORLD
476DIRE STRAITSTWISTING BY THE POOL
477VAN MORRISONBROWN EYED GIRL
478SHAKIN' STEVENSOH, JULIE
479KENNY ROGERSLADY
480TOM JONESDELILAH
481COMMODORESNIGHT SHIFT
482 RAY CHARLES - I CAN'T STOP LOVING YOU
483 BELINDA CARLISLE - CIRCLE IN THE SAND - www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDcC9bnRciQ
484 STATUS QUO - DOWN, DOWN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWvGlPf-z7I
485 BOBBY VEE - TAKE GOOD CARE OF MY BABY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=mutxi_HNv3w
486 SANTANA - BLACK MAGIC WOMAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_b3LMoQUJ0
487SECRET SERVICEYE-SI-CA
488 SEARCHERS - TAKE IT OR LEAVE IT - www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HaaJSmqezo
489ROMANTICSTALKING IN YOUR SLEEP
490C. JEROMEKISS ME
491SMOKEY ROBINSONBEIGH WITH YOU
492ENRICO MACIASZINGARELLA
493CASCADESRHYTMN OF THE RAIN
494OVERLANDERSMICHELLE
495STINGENGLISHMAN IN NEW YORK
496FRANKIE AVALONVENUS
497BANANARAMAVENUS
498JIMMY CLANTONVENUS IN BLUE JEANS
499RICKY NELSONHELLO, MARY LOU
500BOBBY SOLOUNA LACRIMA SUR VISO
501FATS DOMINOBLUEBERRY HILL
502LEAPY LEELITTLE ARROW
503RUFUS THOMASWALKING THE DOG
504GODLEY&CREMECRY
505HOTLEGSNEANDHERTHAL MAN
506LOVIN' SPOONFULDAYDREAM
507CRYSTALSDA DOO RON RON
508SHANGRI-LASTHE LEADER OF THE PACK
509STEPENWOLFBORN TO BE WILD
510BANGLESMANIC MONDAY
511BLACKEVERYTHING'S COMING UP ROSES
512MR. BLOEGROOVING WITH MR. BLOE
513PUSSYCATMISSISSIPPI
514JEANNIE C. RYLEYHARPER VALEY P.T.A
515CHICAGOI'M A MAN
516RITCHIE VALENSOH, DONNA
517B.J. THOMASRAINDROPS KEEP FALLING ON MY HEAD
518DIAMONDSLITTLE DARLING
519JACKSON FIVEI WAN'T YOUR BACK
520KINKSLOLA
521Z.Z. TOPLEGS
522NEIL SEDAKA KING OF CLOWNS
523RICKY KINGRIO GRANDE
524JOE DOLANMAKE ME AN ISLAND
525SUPERTRAMPIT RAINING AGAIN
526BZNMR. DAN
527GARY GLITTERROCK AND ROLL (PART 1)
528ANIMALSDON'T LET ME BE MISUNDERSTUD
529BACCARATHE DEVIL SEND YOU TO LORADO
530PATTY RYANYOU'RE MY LOVE, YOU'RE MY LIFE
531SISTER SLEDGEFRANKIE
532CHRIS MONTEZLET'S DANCE
533MELANIELAY DOWN
534FRANK SINATRASINGIN' IN THE RAIN
535GOOMBAY DANCE BANDMONKEY
536ENGELBERT HUMPERDINKLES BYCICLETTES DE BELSIZE
537FANCYFLAMES OF LOVE
538QUEEN SOMEBODY TO LOVE
539TROGGSLOVE IS ALL AROUND
540RAFAELLA CARRAFIESTA
541MAMMA CASSDREAM A LITTLE DREAM OF ME
542DON McLEANAMERICAN PIE
543DELLA REESEDON'T YOU KNOW
544STEPHAN REMLERSTELL DIS VOS OF GEHT
545SPINNERSCOULD IT BE I'M FALLING IN LOVE
546 SUZI QUATRO& CHRIS NORMAN - STUMBLIN IN' - www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbt_FEAUVU4
547 DON GIBSON - OH, LONESOME ME - www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RDxTe7FHpo
548 JULIO IGLESIAS - QUERERO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoJ0_qMzQkU
549 DR. HOOK - WHEN YOU ARE IN LOVE WITH A BEAUTIFUL WOMAN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oNZyMVTVCE
550 DIANA ROSS&THE SUPREMES - SOMEDAY WE'LL BE TOGETHER - www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ll-bm28UfA
551 CLYDE McPHATTER&THE DRIFTERS - WHITE CHRISTMAS - www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgGcrvApljY
552BEACH BOYSCHRISTMAS DAY
553DSCHINGHIS KHANOLE
554HOT BUTTERPOPCORN
555BING CROSBYJINGLE BELS
556GERARD JOLLINGSPANISH HEART
557C.C. CATCHBACK SEAT OF YOUR CADILLAC
558KAOMADANCANDO LAMBADA
559CANNED HEATON THE ROAD AGAIN
560LAVERN BAKERSOUL ON FIRE
561BAD COMPANYCAN'T GET ENOUGH
562BILLY PAULME&MRS. JONES
563ERIC CLAPTONLAY DOWN SALLY
564JIM CROCEBAD, BAD LEROY BROWN
565JOE TURNERFLIP, FLOP AND FLY
566THEMHERE COMES THE NIGHT
567HERMAN'S HERMITSNO MILK TODAY
568BILL HALEY&HIS COMETSSHAKE, RATTL AND ROLL
569PLATTERSSMOKE GETS IN YOUR EYES
570CHUBBY CHECKERLET'S TWIST AGAIN
571T'REXGET IT ON
572ARCHIESSUGAR, SUGAR
573FOUR TOPSBABY I NEED YOUR LOVING
574 GIGLIOLA CINQUETTI - NON NO L'ETA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAJj4dZjIYY
575TOM JONESWHAT'S NEW PUSSYCAT
576JANIS JOPLIN TRY (JUST A LITTLE BIT HARDER)
577ROLLING STONESYOU BETTER MOVE ON
578GENE PITNEYIT'S HURT TO BE IN LOVE
579HOLLIESCARRIE-ANNE
580OMDSO IN LOVE
581MARY McGREGORTHORN BETWEEN TWO LOVERS
582CREEDENCE CLEARWATER REVIVALPROUD MARY
583MAMAS & PAPASMONDAY, MONDAY
584VILLAGE PEOPLEY. M. C.A.
585FATS DOMINOTHERE GOES MY HEART
586CHERBANG, BANG
587EVERLY BROTHERSBYE, BYE LOVE
588NEIL DIAMONDBEAUTIFUL NOISE
589NAT KING COLEWHEN I FALL IN LOVE
590CHUCK BERRYSWEET LITTLE SIXTEEN
591KINKSYOU REALLY GOT ME?
592BEATLESCOME TOGETHER
593AL MARTINOSPANISH EYES
594TOMMY ROEDIZZY
595PAUL ANKAPUT YOUR HEAD ON MY SHOULDER
596KENNY LOGGINSFOODLOOSE
597KATE BUSHRUNNING UP THAT HILL
598DIRE STRAITSBROTHERS IN ARMS
599ROGER MILLERKING OF THE ROAD
600EAGLESHOTEL CALIFORNIA
601CARDINALSTHE DOOR IS STILL OPEN
602DIAMONDSA BEGGAR FOR YOUR KISSED
603BUDDY HOLLYBECAUSE I LOVE YOU
604FALCOVIENNA CALLING
605GEORGE McRAEROCK YOUR BABY
606DUSTY SPRINGFIELDYOU DON'T HAVE TO SEE YOU LOVE ME
607DOUBLETHE CAPTAIN OF YOUR HEART
608FLEETWOOD MACGIPSY
609JOE DASSINSI TU T'APPELLE MELANCOLIE
610RONETTESBE MY BABY
611CRYSTAL GAYLLEDON'T IT MAKE MY BROWN EYES BLUE
612BRENDA LEEI'M SORRY
613ELVIS PRESLEYLOVE ME TENDER
614T'NT PARTY ZONEONE NIGHT IN BANGKOK
615PAT BOONELOVE LETTERS IN THE SAND
616DURAN DURANGIRLS ON FILM
617CHUCK WILLISC.C. RIDER
618MANFRED MANN EARTH BANDDO WHAH DIDDY DIDDY
619ROD STEWARDBABY JANE
620CLOVERSLOVE, LOVE, LOVE
621JOHNNY CYMBALMR. BASEMAN
622WILSON PICKETLAND OF 1000 DANCES
623BEE GEESHOW DEEP IT'S YOUR LOVE
624TOKENSTHE LION SLEEPS TONIGHT
625 PAUL ANKA - YOU ARE MY DESTINY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6dbacqbp90
626DEL SHANONHATS OFF TO LARY
627MARVIN GAYESEXUAL HEALLING
628MIDDLE OF THE ROADSACRAMENTO
629HUMAN LEAGUEDON'Y YOU WAN'T ME
630DEAN MARTINTHAT'S AMORE
631HELEN SHAPIROYOU DON'T KNOW
632EURYTHMICSRIGHT BY YOUR SIDE
633MOODY BLUESQUESTIONS
634OMDLOCCOMOTION
635EDDY GRANT& EQUALSELECTRIC AVENUE
636SUPERTRAMPGOOD-BYE STRANGER
637KISSGOD GIVE ROCK AND ROLL TO YOU
638DION THE WANDERER
639SLADEMY OH MY
640DALIDALA DANZA DI ZORBA
641NEIL DIAMONDGIRL, YOU'LL BE A WOMAN SOON
642JIMI HENDRIXCASTLES MIND OF SAND
643FEARGHAL SHARKEYA GOOD HEART
644VAN HALENJUMP
645FOREIGNERI WAN'T TO KNOW TO LOVE IS
646ABCALL OF MY HEART
647ORIOLESCRYINGIN THE CHAPEL
648A FLOCK OF SEAQULLSWISHING (IF I HAD A PHOTOGRAPH)
649BOB DYLANBLOWING IN THE WIND
650UB40RED RED WINE
651DONOVANATLANTIS
652DAVID BOWIEASHES TO ASHES
653JEFFERSON AIRPLANESOMEBODY TO LOVE
654THREE FUN BOYS&BANANARAMAIT AIN'T THAT YOU DO IT
655PAUL McCARTNEYNO MORE LONELY NIGHT
656SURVIVOREYE OF THE TIGER
657JIMMY CLIFFWONDERFUL WORLD BEAUTIFUL PEOPLE
658HERDFROM THE UNDERWOOD
659SPENCER DAVIS GROUPI'M A MAN
660FRANK SINATRASTRANGERS IN THE NIGHT
661JOHNNY RIVERSMENPHIS
662CRESTSSIXTEEN CANDLES
663DRIFTERSSWEETS FOR MY SWEET
664PERCY SLEDGEWHEN A MAN LOVES A WOMAN
665RUBETTESI CAN DO IT
666TREMLOESSILENCE IS GOLDEN
667EDITH PIAFMYLORD
668BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARSSPEENING WHEEL
669FORTUNESHERE COMES THAT RAINY DAY FEELING AGAIN
670EMERSON LIKE&PALMERC'EST LA VIE
671EDDIE FLOYDKNOCK ON WOOD
672BZNMAY WE ALWAYS BE TOGETHER?
673JEFF BACKHY HO SILVER LYNING
674YAZOODON'T GO
675FATS DOMINOAIN'T THAT A SHAME
676GILBERT MONTAGNETHE FOOL
677SAME&DAVEYOU DON'T KNOW LIKE I KNOW
678ELVIS PRESLEYDON'T
679SONY&CHERTHE BEAT GOES ON
680BACCARASORY, I'M A LADY
681EVERLY BROTHERSWAKE UP LITTLE SUZZY
682PINK FLOYDSEE EMILY PLAY
683FIVE YOUNG CANNIBALSSHE'S DRIVE ME CRAZY
684AGNETHA FALTSKOGI WAN'T LET YOU GO
685MIKE OLDFIELD&MAGGIE REILLYMOONLIGHT SHADOW
686BUDDY HOLLYRAVE ON
687PRINCEWHEN DOVES CRY
688BOBBY VEERUBBER BALL
689ANIMALSHOUSE OF THE RISING SUN
690 SOULFEEL DYNAMICS - MADEMOISELLE NINETTE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOICpWSavSs
691 PATTY LABELLE - LADY MARMELADE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lxL6lijQfI
692 KID CREOL&THE COCONUTS - ANY, I'M NOT YOUR DADY - www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdFHeOkQ1iU
693 BARRY WHITE - I'M GONNA LOVE YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=xN38uI2oKkA
694 CREW CUTS - S'D BOOM - www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmEGEmUBJUI
695 FLORIN BOGARDO - SA IUBIM TRANDAFIRII - www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9_ylQruaiU
696 JERRY LEE LEWIS - WHOLE LOTTA SHAKIN - www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yRdDnrB5kM
697 DOLLY PARTON - I WILL ALWAYS LOVE YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=_utP1mGoutQ
698 JAMES BROWN - SEXMACHINE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUgIQej9SMg
699 DANNY&THE JUNIORS - ALL THE HOOP
700 HARRY NILLSON - WITHOUT YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6C_Q-_RTS8
701 SWEET - COCO - www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpzKlmJFrKw
702 MICHEL SARDOU - LA MALADIE D'AMOUR - www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzSUNRvEiUM
703VENTURESWALK DON'T RUN
704ISLEY BROTHERSTWIST AND SHOUT
705M.A.A.R.S.PUMP UP THE JAM
706GENE PITNEYTHE MAN WHO SHUT LIBERY VALENCE
707SALVATORE ADAMOA DEMAIN SUR LA LUNE
708GENE VINCENTPISTOL PAKIN MAMA
709SARAH VAUGHANSUMMERTIME
710PROCOL HARUMA WHITER SHADE OF PALE
711INDEEPLAST NIGHT A DJ SAD MY LIFE
712EDDY GRANT& EQUALSBABY, COMEBACK
713LED ZEPPELINSINCE I'VE BEEN LOVING YOU
714GOOMBAY DANCE BANDSUN OF JAMAICA
715IRENE CARAWHAT A FEELING
716SOUL TO SOULBACK TO LIFE
717JULIO IGLESIASMANUELA
718BEE GEESSPICKS AND SPECKS
719DIANA ROSS&THE SUPREMESCAN HURRY LOVE
720FIRST CLASSBEACH BABY
721ROLLING STONESI CAN'T GET KNOW SATISFACTION
722AC/DCTOUCH TOO MUTCH
723JOHNNY TILLOTSONPOETRY IN MOTION
724SARAGOSA BANDCOCO
725OTIS REDDINGTHIS ARMS OF MINE
726DAWNTIE A YELLOW RIBBON ROUND OAK TREE
727CHARLES AZNAVOURSHE
728MICHAEL ZAGGER BANDLET'S ALL CHANT
729LULU & THE LUVVERSHOUT
730BOB MARLEY&THE WAILERSNO WOMAN NO CRY
731TOM JONESTHE GREEN GREEN GRAAS OF HOME
732CARLY SIMONYOU'RE SO VAIN
733CLIFF RICHARDTHE YOUNG ONES
734CAMEOWORD UP
735CARL DOUGLASKUNG FU FIGHTING
736JOE DASSINCHAMP D'ELISEE
737ELECTRIC LIGHT ORCHESTRATWILIGHT
738BLONDIETHE TIDE IS HIGH
739BERNIE PAULATTENTIONE
740ABBAWHEN ALL IS SIDE AND DONE
741BILLY IDOLEYES WITHOUT A FACE
742FOUR SEASONSSHERRY
743RICKY NELSONPOOR LITTLE FOOL
744KALIN TWINSWHEN
745TOMMY ROEEVERYBODY
746JIMMY JAMES & THE VAGABONDSNOW IT'S THE TIME
747SABRINABOYS
748BARRY BLUEDANCING IN THE SATURDAY NIGHT
749ERIC CLAPTONI SHOT THE SHERIFF
750SMOKIEWHAT CAN I DO?
751JOE COCKERDELTA LADY
752LOVIN' SPOONFULSUMMER IN THE CITY
753TOKLETSROZALIA CARNAVAL
754POLICEROXANE
755SEX PISTOLSGOD SAVE THE QUEEN
756TONY CHRISTIEKISSIN' THE NIGHT
757CARL PERKINSBLUE SUEDE SHOES
758ENGELBERT HUMPERDINKRELEASE ME
759CHRIS MONTEZTHE MORE I SEE YOU
760ERUPTIONONE WAY TICKITS
761ALISON MOYETTHAT OLD DEVIL CALED LOVE
762SMALL FACESLTCHYCOO PARK
763CONNIE FRANCISEVERYBODY SOMEBODY'S FOOL
764WALKER BROTHERSMAKE IT EASY ON YOURSELF
765GLORIA GAYNORI WILL SURVIVE
766GERRY & PACEMAKERSFERRY CROSS A MERCEY
767LOS BRAVOSBLACK IS BLACK
768AL BANO&ROMINA POWERPRIMA NOTTE D'AMORE
769DUANE EDDYPEPE
770BEN E. KINGSTAND BY ME
771 NEIL SEDAKA - BREATHING UP IT'S HARD TO DO
772 DOMENICO MODUGNO - VOLARE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iLSKqekLHY
773 IMAGINATION - JUST AN ILUSION
774 MIHAI CONSTANTINESCU - UN ZIMBET O FLOARE
775 ALLISONS - ARE YOU SURE? - www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVY4vSvQbn0
776 GENESIS - MAMA - www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuXhMaCD4zI
777 DANA - ALL KINDS OF EVERYTHING - www.youtube.com/watch?v=Web7izwZJFo
778 YES - OVER OF A LONELY NIGHT
779 NEIL DIAMOND - SEPTEMBER MORN' - www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6SuqSrbfIw
780 DUSTY SPRINGFIELD - I ONLY WANNA BE WITH YOU - www.youtube.com/watch?v=MczZzJ-jy5c
781 PETER & GORDON - WORLD WITHOUT LOVE - www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwE1_me5Qzg
782 FLEETWOOD MAC - LOOKING FROM SOMEBODY
783WHAMCLUB TROPICANA
784TEDDY BEARTO KNOW HIM IS TO LOVE HIM
785DONOVANCOLOUR
786MARSHALL&HAINDANCING IN THE CITY
787TELLY SAVALASSOME BROCKEN HEART NEVER MIND
788LITTLE EVALOCCOMOTION
789BEATLESSHE LOVES YOU
790SHAKIN' STEVENSGIVE ME YOUR HEART TONIGHT
791JOAN BAEZIMAGINE
792COASTERSPOISSON IVY
793DURAN DURANNOTORIUS
794Z.Z. TOPGIVE ME ALL YOUR LOVING
795BEACH BOYSCOTTONFIELDS
796ANDREW SISTERSDON'T SIT ON THE APPLE TREE
797HELEN SHAPIROWALKING BACK TO HAPPYNESS
798CLIFFONSHE'S SO FINE
799K.C.&SUNSHINE BANDPLEASE, DON'T GO
800CILLA BLACKYOU'RE MY WORLD
801OMDENOLA GAY
802GENE KELLY&PETE MOORE ORCHESTRASINGIN' IN THE RAIN
803TRINI LOPEZIF I HAD A HAMMER
804BZNA LA CAMPAGNE
805ELTON JOHNCANDLE IN THE WIND
806VISAGEFADE TO GRAY
807JOE SOUTHGAMES PEOPLE PLAY
808HARRY BELAFONTETRY TO REMEMBER
809ANIMALSWE GOTTA GET OUT IN THIS PLACE
810LES BAXTERUNCHAINED MELODY
811PAT BOONEI ALMOST LOST MY HEAD
812BOBBY VEEDANCE HAS 1000 EYES
813TALKING HEADSROAD TO NOWHERE
814CRYSTALSHE'S A REBEL
815ELVIS PRESLEYNOW OR NEVER
816BRIAN FERRY&ROXY MUSICDANCE AWAY
817PINK FLOYDANOTHER BRICK IN THE WALL
818BILLY FURRYI WAS MADE FOR LOVE
819ROD STEWARDYOU'RE IN MY HEART
820PAUL ANKACRAZY LOVE
821C. JEROMEC. JEROME
822BRUCE CHANELHEY BABY
823SAVAGEONLY YOU
824JOHN TRAVOLTA&OLIVIA NEWTON JOHNYOU'RE THE ONE THAT I WANT
825BETTY EVERETIT'S IN HIS KISS
826DIXIE CUPSCHAPEL OF LOVE
827NICK KERSHAWWOULDN'T BE GOOD
828SOFT CELLTAINTED LOVE
829FREDERIC FRANCOISMOM COEUR TE DITTE JE T'AIME
830BUDDY HOLLYTRUE LOVE WAYS
831BAD COMPANYFEELS LIKE MAKING LOVE
832JULIEN LENNONIT'S TOOLATE FOR GOOD BYE
833TURLETSHAPPY TOGETHER
834PETULA CLARKDOWNTOWN
835ACEHOW LONG
836BOB MARLEY&THE WAILERSACCIDES
837HERMAN'S HERMITSI'M INTO SOMETHING GOOD
838LAURA BRANIGANSELF CONTROL
839QUEEN LOVE OF MY LIFE
840TIMI YUROHURT
841KATE BUSHBABOOSKA
842LITTLE RICHARDJENNY, JENNY
843JOYTOUCH BY TOUCH
844SHAKIN' STEVENSMERRY CHRISTMAS EVERYONE
845ANGELSMY BOYFRIEND BACK
846PAUL McCARTNEYMULL OF KYNTARE
847SAM THE SHAM&THE PHARAOHSWOOLY BOOLY
848CARPENTERSPLEASE MR. POSTMAN
849DR. HOOK ONLY SIXTEEN
850CHUBBY CHECKERLIMBO ROCK
851GARY PUCKET&UNIONS GAPYOUNG GIRL
852NINA SIMONEMY BABY JUST CARES FOR ME
853TEMPTATIONSMY GIRL
854JACKIE WILSONRET PETITE
855PAUL&PAULAHEY PAULA
856WANDA JACKSONLET'S HAVE A PARTY TONIGHT
857DAVE DEE, DOZY, BEAKY, MICK&TICHTHE LEGEND OF XANADU
858JIMI HENDRIXHEY JOE
859FRANCOISE HARDYTOUS LES GARCONS ET LES FILES
860DEMIS ROUSSOSFROM SOUVENIRS TO SOUVENIRS
861DORIS DAYQUE SERA SERA
862WILSON PICKETI'M IN LOVE
863MARTY ROBBINSEL PASO
864AMANDA LEARFOLLOW ME
865CLOUTSAVE ME
866SEARCHERSNIEDLES AND PIN
867KENNY ROGERSRUBY
868ALISON MOYETALL CRIED OUT
869CHRIS ANDREWSYESTERDAY MAN
870SYLVIE VARTANLA PLUE BELLE POUR ALLER DANCER
871ELTON JOHN CROCODILE ROCK
872ELVIS PRESLEYDON'T BE CRUEL
873JOHNNY RAYJUST WAKING IN THE RAIN
874BUDDY KNOXPARTY DOLL
875MONKEESI'M A BIELIVER
876FOUR SEASONSBIG GIRL DON'T CRY
877BOBBY DAYLITTLE BETTY PRETTY ONE
878MONDIALATIT DE FRAGEDA
879MARY WELLSMY GUY
880RUBETTESTONIGHT
881VANDELLASJIMMY MACK
882BOB LUMANLET'S TALK ABOUT LIVING
883DEE CLARKRAINDROPS
884DIANA ROSS&THE SUPREMESBABY LOVE
885JERRY LEE LEWISMY GIRL JOSEPHINE
886KATHY YOUNG&THE INNOCENTSA THOUSEND STARR
887CARL MANN PRETEND
888DION RONAROUND SUE
889CHORDETTESLOLLIPOP
890SHANGRI-LASI CAN NEVER GO HOME ANYMORE
891GLITTER BANDANGEL FACE
892JOHNNY&THE HURRICANESRED RIVER ROCK
893JEAN MICHEL JARREORIENT EXPRES
894CHUCK BERRYROLL OVER BEETHOVEN
895WAYNE FONTANATHE GAME OF LOVE
896NEIL SEDAKA HAPPY BIRTHDAY SWEET SIXTEEN
897EVERLY BROTHERS(ALL I HAVE TO DO IS) DREAM
898BYRDSCHIMES OF FREEDOM
899ROLLING STONESNOT FADE AWAY
900PLATTERSTHE GREAT PRETENDER
901CHRIS DE BURGHTHE LOST TIME I CRIED
902FLEETWOODSMR. BLUE
903JOHNNY CASHI WALK OF LINE
904HONEYCOMBSHAVE I RIGHT
905CHARLES AZNAVOURFOR ME FORMIDABLE
906BEE GEESDON'T FORGET TO REMEMBER
907SKIP&FLIPCHERRY PIE
908BILL HALEY&HIS COMETSSEE YOU LETTER ALIGATOR
909PAT BOONE APRIL LOVE
910ROY ORBINSON PRETTY WOMAN
911DRIFTERSDANCE WITH ME
912GLADY'S KNIGHT & THE PIPSLETTER FULL OF TEARS
913FRANCE GALLL'AMERIQUE
914SAME&DAVESOUL MAN
915HOLLIESHE AIN'T HEAVY, HE'S MY BROTHER
916MIKE BERRYTRIBUTE TO BUDDY HOLLY
917DOORSLIGHT MY FIRE
918GENE CHANDLERDUKE ON EARL
919MAXINE BROWNALL IN MY MIND
920SMOKIEIT'S YOUR LIFE
921CHRISTIEYELLOW RIVER
922CHICORY TIPSON OF MY FATHER
923BAD BOYS BLUEA WORLD WITHOUT YOU
924BONEY M.BELFAST
925MARILYN MONROEI WANNA BE LOVED BY YOU
926YARDBIRDSFOR YOUR LOVE
927EDDIE HODGESI'M GONNA KNOCK ON YOUR DOOR
928ROSEMARY CLOONEYTHIS OLD HOUSE
929TOM JONESIT'S NOT UNUSUAL
930BEATLESALL MY LOVING
931PERRY COMOMOON RIVER
932SUPERTRAMPBREACKFAST IN AMERICA
933BARRY&EILLENIF YOU GO
934MIDDLE OF THE ROADSAMSON&DELILAH
935ZOMBEESSHE'S NOT THERE
936BINOMAMA LEONE
937GEORGIE FAMEBALLAD OF BONNIE AND CLYDE
938KENNY BALL&HIS JAZZMENMIDNIGHT IN MOSCOW
939SEARCHERSDON'T THROW YOUR LOVE AWAY
940JIMMY JUSTICESPANISH HARLEM
941BLUE DIAMONDSRAMONA
942FORTUNESFREEDOM COME FREEDOM GO
943LIONEL RITCHIEHELLO
944MIKE OLDFIELDTO FRANCE
945BACCARAYES SIR I CAN BOOGIE
946TREMLOESEVEN THE BAD TIME ARE GOOD
947MICHAEL JACKSONWANNA BE STARTIN' SOMETHING
948JOHNNY CASHRING OF FIRE
949LOVIN' SPOONFULDO YOU BIELIVE IN MAGIC?
950DAVE DEE, DOZY, BEAKY, MICK&TICHOKAY
951EDDY GRANT& EQUALSSOFTLY, SOFTLY
952GENE VINCENTBE BOP A LULA
953DELLSOH WHAT A NIGHT
954PATTY PAGEHOW MUCH IS THAT DOOGIE IN THE WINDOW
955STU STEVENSLET'S GO JOHNNY
956MINDBENDERSGROOVY KIND OF LOVE
957BEATLESAND I LOV
Saint Peter's Square (Italian: Piazza San Pietro) is located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave within Rome (the Piazza borders to the East the rione of Borgo).
The open space which lies before the basilica was redesigned by Gian Lorenzo Bernini from 1656 to 1667, under the direction of Pope Alexander VII, as an appropriate forecourt, designed "so that the greatest number of people could see the Pope give his blessing, either from the middle of the façade of the church or from a window in the Vatican Palace" (Norwich 1975 p 175). Bernini had been working on the interior of St. Peter's for decades; now he gave order to the space with his renowned colonnades, using the Tuscan form of Doric, the simplest order in the classical vocabulary, not to compete with the palace-like façade by Carlo Maderno, but he employed it on an unprecedented colossal scale to suit the space and evoke emotions of awe.
The site's possibilities were under many constraints from existing structures (illustration, right). The massed accretions of the Vatican Palace crowded the space to the right of the basilica's façade; the structures needed to be masked without obscuring the papal apartments. The obelisk marked a center, and a granite fountain by Carlo Maderno stood to one side: Bernini made the fountain appear to be one of the foci of the ellipse embraced by his colonnades and eventually matched it on the other side, in 1675, just five years before his death. The trapezoidal shape of the piazza, which creates a heightened perspective for a visitor leaving the basilica and has been praised as a masterstroke of Baroque theater (illustration, below right), is largely a product of site constraints.
The colossal Tuscan colonnades, four columns deep,frame the trapezoidal entrance to the basilica and the massive elliptical area which precedes it. The ellipse's long axis, parallel to the basilica's façade, creates a pause in the sequence of forward movements that is characteristic of a Baroque monumental approach. The colonnades define the piazza. The elliptical center of the piazza, which contrasts with the trapezoidal entrance, encloses the visitor with "the maternal arms of Mother Church" in Bernini's expression. On the south side, the colonnades define and formalize the space, with the Barberini Gardens still rising to a skyline of umbrella pines. On the north side, the colonnade masks an assortment of Vatican structures; the upper stories of the Vatican Palace rise above.
At the center of the ellipse stands an Egyptian obelisk of red granite, 25.5 meters tall, supported on bronze lions and surmounted by the Chigi arms in bronze, in all 41 meters to the cross on its top. The obelisk, of the 13th century BC, was moved to Rome in AD 37 by the Emperor Caligula to stand in the central spina of the Circus Gai et Neronis, which lay to the left of the present basilica. It was moved to its current site in 1586 by the engineer-architect Domenico Fontana under the direction of Pope Sixtus V; the engineering feat of re-erecting its vast weight was memorialized in a suite of engravings (illustrated right). The Vatican Obelisk is the only obelisk in Rome that has not toppled since ancient Roman times. During the Middle Ages, the gilt ball on top of the obelisk was believed to contain the ashes of Julius Caesar. Fontana later removed the ancient metal ball, now in a Rome museum, that stood atop the obelisk and found only dust. Though Bernini had no influence in the erection of the obelisk, he did use it as the centerpiece of his magnificent piazza.
The paving is varied by radiating lines in travertine, to relieve what might otherwise be a sea of cobblestones. In 1817 circular stones were set to mark the tip of the obelisk's shadow at noon as the sun entered each of the signs of the zodiac, making the obelisk a gigantic sundial's gnomon. Below is a fabulous view of St. Peter's Square from the cupola (the top of the dome) which was taken in June, 2007.
St. Peter's Square today can be reached from the Ponte Sant'Angelo along the grand approach of the Via della Conciliazione (in honor of the Lateran Treaty of 1929). The spina which once occupied this grand avenue leading to the square was demolished ceremonially by Benito Mussolini himself on October 23, 1936 and was completely demolished by October 8, 1937. St. Peter's Basilica was now freely visible from the Castel Sant Angelo. The effect of its demolition, however, was to destroy the characteristic Baroque "surprise". The Via della Conciliazione was completed in time for the Great Jubilee of 1950.
Piazza San Pietro è la piazza antistante la Basilica di San Pietro. Inserita a margine del centro storico di Roma, la piazza si trova nella Città del Vaticano; confina ad est con il rione Borgo ed è raggiungibile dal territorio della Repubblica Italiana da via di Porta Angelica o da via della Conciliazione.
La celeberrima piazza, notevole esempio di architettura ed urbanista barocca, è dedicata all'omonimo santo ed è luogo di pellegrinaggio quotidiano per migliaia di fedeli cattolici provenienti da tutto il mondo.
Essa è la piazza più vicina, in un certo senso, al cuore del cattolicesimo; inoltre, il grande colonnato ovale è sempre stato considerato la figura di due grandi braccia che avvolgono maternamente i fedeli.
Data la sempre maggiore affluenza, la piazza è diventata (almeno nella bella stagione) la sede abituale di grandi cerimonie liturgiche presiedute dal papa, come le canonizzazioni, il corteo di insediamento dei pontefici neo-eletti, ma anche le esequie del papa, come avvenne nel 2005 per Giovanni Paolo II, di fronte ad una numerosa folla.
È diventato abituale l'appuntamento dell'Angelus Domini, la domenica alle 12.00, quando il papa si affaccia dalla finestra del suo studio, saluta la folla radunata, fa un breve discorso, recita la preghiera dell'Angelus ed impartisce la benedizione.
La piazza fa parte del territorio vaticano, ma è affidata alla pubblica sicurezza dello Stato Italiano. Essendo un palcoscenico d'immenso prestigio mondiale, per evitarne la perenne occupazione abusiva, in essa sono proibite tutte le manifestazioni pubbliche diverse da quelle religiose.Durante la seconda guerra mondiale, i soldati tedeschi occupanti Roma ne presidiavano il perimetro, senza potervi entrare. Il 13 maggio 1981, durante un'udienza pubblica, il papa Giovanni Paolo II fu colpito dalla pistola di un attentatore, che fu arrestato dalla polizia italiana.
All'inizio del '500 la piazza (platea Sancti Petri) era all'incirca rettangolare, con un dislivello di circa dieci metri tra il Borgo Nuovo e il piede della scalinata che conduceva alla basilica.
Papa Alessandro VI per il Giubileo del 1500 fece aprire la prima strada nuova rettilinea di Roma, fra il ponte Sant'Angelo e il portone del Palazzo vaticano, traversando la platea con una striscia lastricata, inclinata di circa 6 gradi rispetto all'asse dell'antica basilica. Borgo Nuovo crea davanti al grande portale di ingresso ai palazzi una prospettiva di circa 800 metri (il Borgo più l'attraversamento lastricato della platea): si tratta della conferma che Alessandro VI non assegnava alcun ruolo prioritario alla basilica di San Pietro nel quadro della creazione della cittadella pontificia; egli propone invece come riferimento per questa operazione il palazzo, la curia, la residenza del papa.
La Via Recta, o via Alessandrina o via Borgo Nuovo, è dunque il primo rettifilo centrato sul portone di un palazzo, come una lunga passatoia che dall'androne di questo entra nella città. Il prototipo alessandrino nasce nell'ambito di un programma che non è architettonico: non si prevedeva, in quegli anni, di ricostruire né San Pietro, né i Palazzi Vaticani secondo un disegno unitario.
Mentre tutto verrà demolito e ricostruito attorno a quel portale, quell'asse non verrà più cancellato: il portone diventa il Portone di bronzo, e la sua immagine rimane impressa già molto prima di arrivarvi; l'atrio retrostante diventa il lungo corridore del Bernini, allineato in fondo con la Scala regia che conduce alla Sala omonima, da cui si entra nella Sistina da una parte, nell'alloggio del pontefice dall'altra. Si conferma, dunque, come un asse cerimoniale.
È solo dal Seicento che i papi guardano dal Quirinale a San Pietro in una prospettiva – formale e ideologica – ben diversa da quella che avevano dal Vaticano; forse solo adesso San Pietro cessa di essere la dilatata cappella del palazzo papale e ritorna ad essere una delle basiliche di Roma.
È in questa situazione che si passa dalle questioni dentro la chiesa, alle questioni fuori dalla chiesa. Il problema è quello di trasformare uno spazio abbastanza indifferenziato, quale era la platea Sancti Petri, in uno spazio direttamente funzionale alla basilica. Mentre si distrugge l'antico quadriportico del Paradiso, si ripropone il problema di soddisfare alle sue funzioni di anticamera di san Pietro, ma più avanti, più all'esterno.
Font : Wikipedia
Detalles del Vehiculo.-
.~|Marca de Carroceria :Marcopolo Paradiso G7 1800DD.-
.~|Chasis :Volvo B430R 8x2.-
.~|Empresa :Transportes Eme Bus.-
.~|Asientos de bus :Salon Cama / Semi Cama.-
.~|N° Orden Interno :37.-
.~|Placa Patente Unica :FX-ZD 32.-
.~|Lugar de la Foto :Terminal Sur , Santiago , Reg.Metropolitana , Chile.-
.~|Fecha & Hora de la Imagen :27 de Septiembre 2013 / 16:18HRS.-
#Imagen :768
"Copyright Daniel Lizama Hernandez ©"
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Derechos Reservados y Creditos Daniel Lizama H. © 2013
Flickr 2013
»Marcopolo Paradiso 1800DD G7 // Scania K-410.«
→Tipo de Servicio: Interprovincial.-
→Placa Patente: FF·TS*36.-
→Número de Orden Interno: 2551.-
►Datos de Fotografía:
→Lugar: Viña del Mar, Región de Valparaíso.-
→Fecha / Hora: 13.Enero.2013 || 20:37 hrs.-
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Si desea la imagen original y sin marcas, favor enviar una solicitud a:
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1. Madre Terra - Mother Earth, 2. Fratello Sole - Brother Sun, 3. Nirano: la prima riserva regionale dell'Emilia Romagna - Nirano: the first reserve of Emilia Romagna, 4. Al Passo - At Pass, 5. Zoom sul Gran Sasso - Zoom on the Gran Sasso, 6. Oggi mi sento di tutti i colori!!! - Today I feel like all the colors!!!, 7. Oggi mi sento di tutti i colori!!! - Today I feel like all the colors!!!, 8. flickr.com/photos/24387716@N08/7157282940/,
9. Giornata Mondiale dell'Acqua 2012 - World Water Day 2012, 10. Colore e devozione - Color and devotion, 11. Verso l'ignoto - Into the unknown, 12. In mezzo scorre il fiume - A River Runs Through It, 13. Dove nuotano gli angeli... - Where the angels swim..., 14. L'incantevole Isola Bella - The enchanting Isola Bella, 15. L'incantevole Isola Bella - The enchanting Isola Bella, 16. Sei il mio sole anche di notte - You are my sunshine even at night,
17. Contrasto - Contrast, 18. E lucean le stelle... - When the stars were brightly shining..., 19. Buone Feste - Season's Greetings, 20. Giorni d'Avvento - Days of Advent, 21. Per una vacanza da sogno... - For a dream vacation ..., 22. Un piccolo pezzo di Paradiso... - A little piece of paradise ..., 23. Belle in rosa 2 - Pretty in pink 2, 24. Aspettando Natale - Waiting for Christmas,
25. Calano le ombre della sera... - The evening shadows fall, 26. Come il sole che mi illumina in cucina - As the sun illuminates me in the kitchen, 27. Rialto: cuore di Venezia - Rialto: Venice's heart, 28. Italia 150: arrivederci al 200°! - Italy 150: Farewell to 200th!, 29. Sassolungo - Langkofel, 30. I cigni dell'Adda - Swans in the river Adda, 31. Appuntamento alle 10 - Meet at 10 am, 32. Addio, papà Bonelli! - Goodbye, Dad Bonelli!,
33. La prima neve sul Latemar - The first snow of the Latemar, 34. L'alcova della Madama Reale - The alcove of the Royal Madam, 35. Un "pieno" di sole - A "full tank" of sun, 36. L'antica fontana della Reggia - The ancient fountain of the Royal Palace, 37. Ancora le Torri del Vajolet - Again the Vajolet Towers, 38. Scendendo in città - Going down in the city, 39. Cra cra, 40. Di nuovo a testa in su - To head up again,
41. Un, due, tre, quattro, cinque... via! - One, two, three, four, five ... go!, 42. Ortensia - Hydrangea, 43. Le "torri" del Latemar - The Latemar's "towers", 44. Ho il mondo nel mio obiettivo! - I have the world in my camera lens!, 45. Concerto per soli fiati - Concert for wind instruments alone, 46. Cartolina da Torino - Postcard from Turin, 47. Colore e freschezza - Color and freshness, 48. Un'estate al mare... - A summer at sea ...,
49. Giornata Mondiale della Terra 2011 - Earth Day 2011, 50. Il cuore della Reggia - The heart of the Royal Palace, 51. Cime Tempestose - Wuthering Heights, 52. Benvenuta Primavera! - Welcome Spring!, 53. Giornata Nazionale della Lettura - National Day of Reading, 54. Ho 18 anni da 30! - I'm 18 years old from 30!, 55. Giorno della Memoria 2011 - Holocaust Memorial Day 2011, 56. Provviste per l'inverno - Provisions for the winter,
57. E luce sia! - Let there be light!, 58. Cristalli di luce - Crystal light, 59. "Spirito Nomade" in Piazza San Carlo - "Nomad Spirit" in San Carlo Square, 60. A Sara - To Sara, 61. Rosengarten, 62. Bougainvillea, 63. Il cielo - The sky, 64. Il Ponte del Diavolo - The Devil's Bridge,
65. Musica in costume tradizionale - Music in traditional costume, 66. Tramonto rosso sulle Dolomiti - Red Sunset over the Dolomites, 67. Altri mille papaveri rossi - Another thousand poppies, 68. I putti fra i tulipani - The cherubs among the tulips, 69. Ma l'inverno non ci vuole lasciare... - But Winter does not want us to leave ..., 70. L'Aquila: un anno dopo il terremoto... - L'Aquila: one year after the earthquake ..., 71. Salice piangente - Willow, 72. Colori e pace - Colors and peace
Created with fd's Flickr Toys
Night shot, exposure 37 minutes (yes, more than half an hour), taken on September 22nd 2012 at the shores of lake Rosset (2.709 m), Nivolet plateau, Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy).
Geometry has been paramount in conceiving this photo:
1) bottom rectangular shape: the waters of the lake
2) center triangular areas: Col Rosset (3.025 m), Col Leynir (3.084 m), Taou Blanc (3.438 m)
3) summit semicircular area of the sky: concentric star trails toward the Polaris
shot started when the moon (phase 43%) was setting behind me and my camera, in order to get still some shades on the mountains, at least during the very first minutes of the long exposure, just to give body and three-dimensionality to the landscape.
_____________________
©Roberto Bertero, All Rights Reserved. This image is not available for use on websites, blogs or other media without the explicit written permission of the photographer.
Datos del Vehiculo.-
Imagen Nº: 37
--->Marca de Carroceria : Marcopolo Paradiso 1800DD G7.-
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--->Empresa : Tours Bus "Vicent".-
--->Asientos de bus: Salon Cama.-
--->N° de Maquina: .-
--->Placa Patente: .-
--->Lugar de la Foto: Arica, Region de Arica y Parinacota, Chile.-
Si desea la foto sin marcas de agua o alguna consulta mande un email a: ----> diegoauto16@gmail.com
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Gracias por Visitar mi Galeria... Atte: Diego Alarcon.
34de52paraules: cel
"Excuse me while I kiss the sky." - Jimi Hendrix
Història certa dels set cels.
Set paradisos màgics i encantats.
Història certa dels set cels.
Set nius de pau, de glòria i de felicitat.
El primer cel és inventat:
el primer gran invent de la terrestritat.
El segon cel, imaginat
en una nit d'estiu a la vora del mar.
El tercer cel, dins d'un mirall
perfila les imatges d'un món ignorat.
I el quart cel és irreal,
com un oasi verd en un desert estrany.
Del cinquè cel res no se'n sap.
No hi ha notícies d'aquest cel tan amagat.
I el sisè cel està copiat
del cel setè que has engendrat dins del teu cap.
- Jaume Sisa
Full project here.
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Benvenuti nel paradiso di Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailandia.
Situato nell'incontaminato Andaman Sea, l'arcipelago delle Phi Phi Islands è uno tra
i più belli al mondo...
A circa 50 km da Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, rappresenta una delle località più belle del mare thailandese. È formata dalle isole Phi Phi Don e Phi Phi Leh: la prima è abitata, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" ( Thai : เกาะ ) che significa "isola" inlingua thai ) è l'isola più grande del gruppo mentre la seconda, è visitabile in giornata in barca. A nord, sulle spiagge, vive una popolazione seminomade, che viene chiamata Chao Nam (Zingari del Mare).
Un luogo dove è facile sentirsi circondati dai sorrisi della gente, da un mare verde-azzurrro, da palme, spiagge bianche, pesci coloratissimi e non dalle auto perchè non ce ne sono.
Il 26 dicembre 2004, gran parte della parte abitata di Phi Phi Don è stata devastata dalle tsunami nell'Oceano Indiano . il principale villaggio dell'isola Ton Sai , è principalmente costruito su una sabbia istmo tra l'isola di due lunghe creste di calcare alti. Su entrambi i lati di Ton Sai sono baie semicircolari allineate con le spiagge.L'istmo sorge a meno di due metri (due metri) sul livello del mare.
Poco dopo le ore 10 del mattino del 26 dicembre, l'acqua da entrambe le baie si allontanava. Quando lo tsunami, alle 10:37, lo ha fatto da entrambe le baie, e si è incontrato in mezzo dell'istmo. L'onda che è entrato in Ton Sai Bay è stato di 3 metri (10 piedi) di altezza. L'onda che è entrato in Loh Dalum Bay è stata di 6,5 metri (18 piedi) di altezza.
Welcome to paradise of Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailand.
Located in the uncontaminated Andaman Sea, the archipelago of the Phi Phi Islands is one of
the most beautiful in the world ...
At about 50 km from Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, is one of the most beautiful beach in Thailand. It is formed by the islands Phi Phi Don and Phi Phi Leh, the first is inhabited, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" (Thai: เกาะ) meaning "island" inlingua Thai) is the largest island of the group while the second, You can visit it during the day. To the north, the beaches, living a semi-nomadic population, which is called Nam Chao (Sea Gypsies).
A place where you can feel surrounded by the smiles of the people, a sea-green azzurrro, palm trees, white beaches, colorful fish and not the car because there are none.
On 26 December 2004, most of the inhabited part of Phi Phi Don was devastated by the tsunami in the Indian Ocean. Ton Sai village's main island, is mainly built on a sandy isthmus between the island's two long ridges of high kicks. On both sides of Ton Sai are semicircular bays lined with spiagge.L 'isthmus rises to less than two meters (six feet) above sea level.
Shortly after 10 am on the morning of December 26, the water receded from both bays. When the tsunami, at 10:37, he did both bays, and met in the middle of the isthmus. The wave that came into Ton Sai Bay was 3 meters (10 feet) high. The wave that came in Loh Dalum Bay was 6.5 meters (18 feet) high.
»Marcopolo Paradiso 1600LD G7 // Volvo B-380R.«
→Tipo de Servicio: Turismo Internacional.-
→Placa Patente: AXZ·2751 [Pr-Entre Rios Do Oeste].-
→Número de Orden Interno: 2014.-
►Datos de Fotografía:
→Lugar: Viña del Mar, Región de Valparaíso.-
→Fecha | Hora: 11.Octubre.2016 || 15:37 hrs.-
═══════════════════════════════════════
Si desea la imagen original y sin marcas, favor enviar una solicitud a:
→ e.navarretevelasquez@gmail.com
Today's photo tour sends us back to Disney Springs for a shot of Paradiso 37. I have never actually eaten here, so if anybody can tell me a little bit about your experience, I would greatly appreciate it. I'm very impressed on how Disney Springs has transformed over the past year. There are a lot of new restaurants and shops to choose from creating a lot more options for guests to see. What's your opinion of the new Disney Springs? Have a magical day!
-> Carrocería : Marcopolo Paradiso 1800DD G7.-
-> Chasis : Scania K-400.-
-> Año de Fabricación del Bus : 2015.-
-> Placa Patente del Bus : GS*TJ*37.-
¡GRACIAS POR TU VISITA Y FAVORITO!
-> Facebook : www.facebook.com/paolo.rojasferrada
-> Correo Electrónico : busologia_andimar_colocolo@hotmail.com
Benvenuti nel paradiso di Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailandia.
Situato nell'incontaminato Andaman Sea, l'arcipelago delle Phi Phi Islands è uno tra
i più belli al mondo...
A circa 50 km da Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, rappresenta una delle località più belle del mare thailandese. È formata dalle isole Phi Phi Don e Phi Phi Leh: la prima è abitata, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" ( Thai : เกาะ ) che significa "isola" inlingua thai ) è l'isola più grande del gruppo mentre la seconda, è visitabile in giornata in barca. A nord, sulle spiagge, vive una popolazione seminomade, che viene chiamata Chao Nam (Zingari del Mare).
Un luogo dove è facile sentirsi circondati dai sorrisi della gente, da un mare verde-azzurrro, da palme, spiagge bianche, pesci coloratissimi e non dalle auto perchè non ce ne sono.
Il 26 dicembre 2004, gran parte della parte abitata di Phi Phi Don è stata devastata dalle tsunami nell'Oceano Indiano . il principale villaggio dell'isola Ton Sai , è principalmente costruito su una sabbia istmo tra l'isola di due lunghe creste di calcare alti. Su entrambi i lati di Ton Sai sono baie semicircolari allineate con le spiagge.L'istmo sorge a meno di due metri (due metri) sul livello del mare.
Poco dopo le ore 10 del mattino del 26 dicembre, l'acqua da entrambe le baie si allontanava. Quando lo tsunami, alle 10:37, lo ha fatto da entrambe le baie, e si è incontrato in mezzo dell'istmo. L'onda che è entrato in Ton Sai Bay è stato di 3 metri (10 piedi) di altezza. L'onda che è entrato in Loh Dalum Bay è stata di 6,5 metri (18 piedi) di altezza.
Welcome to paradise of Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailand.
Located in the uncontaminated Andaman Sea, the archipelago of the Phi Phi Islands is one of
the most beautiful in the world ...
At about 50 km from Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, is one of the most beautiful beach in Thailand. It is formed by the islands Phi Phi Don and Phi Phi Leh, the first is inhabited, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" (Thai: เกาะ) meaning "island" inlingua Thai) is the largest island of the group while the second, You can visit it during the day. To the north, the beaches, living a semi-nomadic population, which is called Nam Chao (Sea Gypsies).
A place where you can feel surrounded by the smiles of the people, a sea-green azzurrro, palm trees, white beaches, colorful fish and not the car because there are none.
On 26 December 2004, most of the inhabited part of Phi Phi Don was devastated by the tsunami in the Indian Ocean. Ton Sai village's main island, is mainly built on a sandy isthmus between the island's two long ridges of high kicks. On both sides of Ton Sai are semicircular bays lined with spiagge.L 'isthmus rises to less than two meters (six feet) above sea level.
Shortly after 10 am on the morning of December 26, the water receded from both bays. When the tsunami, at 10:37, he did both bays, and met in the middle of the isthmus. The wave that came into Ton Sai Bay was 3 meters (10 feet) high. The wave that came in Loh Dalum Bay was 6.5 meters (18 feet) high.
»Marcopolo Paradiso G71800 DD // Scania K-400.«
→Tipo de Servicio: Interprovincial || Salón Cama Premium.-
→Placa Patente: FY·WS*74.-
→Número de Orden Interno: 125.-
►Datos de Fotografía:
→Lugar: Estación Central, Región Metropolitana.-
→Fecha | Hora: 04.Enero.2014 || 09:37 hrs.-
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Si desea la imagen original y sin marcas, favor enviar una solicitud a:
→ e.navarretevelasquez@gmail.com
Detalles del Vehiculo.-
.~|Marca de Carroceria :Marcopolo Paradiso G7 1800DD.-
.~|Chasis :Scania K410.-
.~|Empresa :Pullman Bus.-
.~|Asientos de bus :Salon Cama / Semi Cama.-
.~|N° Orden Interno :****.-
.~|Placa Patente Unica :FF-TS 37.-
.~|Lugar de la Foto :Santiago , Reg.Metropolitana , Chile.-
.~|Fecha & Hora de la Imagen :17 de Agosto 2013 / 12:01HRS.-
#Imagen :864
"Copyright Daniel Lizama Hernandez ©"
~>Flickr : www.flickr.com/photos/bomberobusologo/
~>Onibus Brasil : onibusbrasil.com/daniellizama1/
Si desea la Imagen original sin marcas o alguna consulta a: danielmathias-@live.cl
Gracias por visitar mi galeria!
Derechos Reservados y Creditos Daniel Lizama H. © 2013
Flickr 2013
»Marcopolo Paradiso G7 1800DD // Mercedes Benz O-500RSD.«
→Tipo de Servicio: Interprovincial.-
→Placa Patente: FK·BV*74.-
→Número de Orden Interno: 280.-
►Datos de Fotografía:
→Lugar: Concepción, Región del Bio Bio.-
→Fecha / Hora: 23.Agosto.2013 || 08:37 hrs.-
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Si desea la imagen original y sin marcas, favor enviar una solicitud a:
→ e.navarretevelasquez@gmail.com
Benvenuti nel paradiso di Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailandia.
Situato nell'incontaminato Andaman Sea, l'arcipelago delle Phi Phi Islands è uno tra
i più belli al mondo...
A circa 50 km da Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, rappresenta una delle località più belle del mare thailandese. È formata dalle isole Phi Phi Don e Phi Phi Leh: la prima è abitata, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" ( Thai : เกาะ ) che significa "isola" inlingua thai ) è l'isola più grande del gruppo mentre la seconda, è visitabile in giornata in barca. A nord, sulle spiagge, vive una popolazione seminomade, che viene chiamata Chao Nam (Zingari del Mare).
Un luogo dove è facile sentirsi circondati dai sorrisi della gente, da un mare verde-azzurrro, da palme, spiagge bianche, pesci coloratissimi e non dalle auto perchè non ce ne sono.
Il 26 dicembre 2004, gran parte della parte abitata di Phi Phi Don è stata devastata dalle tsunami nell'Oceano Indiano . il principale villaggio dell'isola Ton Sai , è principalmente costruito su una sabbia istmo tra l'isola di due lunghe creste di calcare alti. Su entrambi i lati di Ton Sai sono baie semicircolari allineate con le spiagge.L'istmo sorge a meno di due metri (due metri) sul livello del mare.
Poco dopo le ore 10 del mattino del 26 dicembre, l'acqua da entrambe le baie si allontanava. Quando lo tsunami, alle 10:37, lo ha fatto da entrambe le baie, e si è incontrato in mezzo dell'istmo. L'onda che è entrato in Ton Sai Bay è stato di 3 metri (10 piedi) di altezza. L'onda che è entrato in Loh Dalum Bay è stata di 6,5 metri (18 piedi) di altezza.
Welcome to paradise of Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailand.
Located in the uncontaminated Andaman Sea, the archipelago of the Phi Phi Islands is one of
the most beautiful in the world ...
At about 50 km from Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, is one of the most beautiful beach in Thailand. It is formed by the islands Phi Phi Don and Phi Phi Leh, the first is inhabited, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" (Thai: เกาะ) meaning "island" inlingua Thai) is the largest island of the group while the second, You can visit it during the day. To the north, the beaches, living a semi-nomadic population, which is called Nam Chao (Sea Gypsies).
A place where you can feel surrounded by the smiles of the people, a sea-green azzurrro, palm trees, white beaches, colorful fish and not the car because there are none.
On 26 December 2004, most of the inhabited part of Phi Phi Don was devastated by the tsunami in the Indian Ocean. Ton Sai village's main island, is mainly built on a sandy isthmus between the island's two long ridges of high kicks. On both sides of Ton Sai are semicircular bays lined with spiagge.L 'isthmus rises to less than two meters (six feet) above sea level.
Shortly after 10 am on the morning of December 26, the water receded from both bays. When the tsunami, at 10:37, he did both bays, and met in the middle of the isthmus. The wave that came into Ton Sai Bay was 3 meters (10 feet) high. The wave that came in Loh Dalum Bay was 6.5 meters (18 feet) high.
» Marcopolo Paradiso 1800 DD G7 // Volvo B-12R «
» 14:37 ||31•01•2013 || Valparaiso || V Región || Republica de Chile.® «
»|| Placa Patente : FC*CY•96«
»|| Número de Orden : --«
»||Tipo de Servicio: Interprovincial «
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»|| Teσ_Seвα™ // Busσlogiα de Nσrte α Sur © ||«
Correo contacto »|| Sebastian.garcia019@hotmail.com ||«
Benvenuti nel paradiso di Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailandia.
Situato nell'incontaminato Andaman Sea, l'arcipelago delle Phi Phi Islands è uno tra
i più belli al mondo...
A circa 50 km da Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, rappresenta una delle località più belle del mare thailandese. È formata dalle isole Phi Phi Don e Phi Phi Leh: la prima è abitata, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" ( Thai : เกาะ ) che significa "isola" inlingua thai ) è l'isola più grande del gruppo mentre la seconda, è visitabile in giornata in barca. A nord, sulle spiagge, vive una popolazione seminomade, che viene chiamata Chao Nam (Zingari del Mare).
Un luogo dove è facile sentirsi circondati dai sorrisi della gente, da un mare verde-azzurrro, da palme, spiagge bianche, pesci coloratissimi e non dalle auto perchè non ce ne sono.
Il 26 dicembre 2004, gran parte della parte abitata di Phi Phi Don è stata devastata dalle tsunami nell'Oceano Indiano . il principale villaggio dell'isola Ton Sai , è principalmente costruito su una sabbia istmo tra l'isola di due lunghe creste di calcare alti. Su entrambi i lati di Ton Sai sono baie semicircolari allineate con le spiagge.L'istmo sorge a meno di due metri (due metri) sul livello del mare.
Poco dopo le ore 10 del mattino del 26 dicembre, l'acqua da entrambe le baie si allontanava. Quando lo tsunami, alle 10:37, lo ha fatto da entrambe le baie, e si è incontrato in mezzo dell'istmo. L'onda che è entrato in Ton Sai Bay è stato di 3 metri (10 piedi) di altezza. L'onda che è entrato in Loh Dalum Bay è stata di 6,5 metri (18 piedi) di altezza.
Welcome to paradise of Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailand.
Located in the uncontaminated Andaman Sea, the archipelago of the Phi Phi Islands is one of
the most beautiful in the world ...
At about 50 km from Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, is one of the most beautiful beach in Thailand. It is formed by the islands Phi Phi Don and Phi Phi Leh, the first is inhabited, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" (Thai: เกาะ) meaning "island" inlingua Thai) is the largest island of the group while the second, You can visit it during the day. To the north, the beaches, living a semi-nomadic population, which is called Nam Chao (Sea Gypsies).
A place where you can feel surrounded by the smiles of the people, a sea-green azzurrro, palm trees, white beaches, colorful fish and not the car because there are none.
On 26 December 2004, most of the inhabited part of Phi Phi Don was devastated by the tsunami in the Indian Ocean. Ton Sai village's main island, is mainly built on a sandy isthmus between the island's two long ridges of high kicks. On both sides of Ton Sai are semicircular bays lined with spiagge.L 'isthmus rises to less than two meters (six feet) above sea level.
Shortly after 10 am on the morning of December 26, the water receded from both bays. When the tsunami, at 10:37, he did both bays, and met in the middle of the isthmus. The wave that came into Ton Sai Bay was 3 meters (10 feet) high. The wave that came in Loh Dalum Bay was 6.5 meters (18 feet) high.
Benvenuti nel paradiso di Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailandia.
Situato nell'incontaminato Andaman Sea, l'arcipelago delle Phi Phi Islands è uno tra
i più belli al mondo...
A circa 50 km da Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, rappresenta una delle località più belle del mare thailandese. È formata dalle isole Phi Phi Don e Phi Phi Leh: la prima è abitata, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" ( Thai : เกาะ ) che significa "isola" inlingua thai ) è l'isola più grande del gruppo mentre la seconda, è visitabile in giornata in barca. A nord, sulle spiagge, vive una popolazione seminomade, che viene chiamata Chao Nam (Zingari del Mare).
Un luogo dove è facile sentirsi circondati dai sorrisi della gente, da un mare verde-azzurrro, da palme, spiagge bianche, pesci coloratissimi e non dalle auto perchè non ce ne sono.
Il 26 dicembre 2004, gran parte della parte abitata di Phi Phi Don è stata devastata dalle tsunami nell'Oceano Indiano . il principale villaggio dell'isola Ton Sai , è principalmente costruito su una sabbia istmo tra l'isola di due lunghe creste di calcare alti. Su entrambi i lati di Ton Sai sono baie semicircolari allineate con le spiagge.L'istmo sorge a meno di due metri (due metri) sul livello del mare.
Poco dopo le ore 10 del mattino del 26 dicembre, l'acqua da entrambe le baie si allontanava. Quando lo tsunami, alle 10:37, lo ha fatto da entrambe le baie, e si è incontrato in mezzo dell'istmo. L'onda che è entrato in Ton Sai Bay è stato di 3 metri (10 piedi) di altezza. L'onda che è entrato in Loh Dalum Bay è stata di 6,5 metri (18 piedi) di altezza.
Welcome to paradise of Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailand.
Located in the uncontaminated Andaman Sea, the archipelago of the Phi Phi Islands is one of
the most beautiful in the world ...
At about 50 km from Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, is one of the most beautiful beach in Thailand. It is formed by the islands Phi Phi Don and Phi Phi Leh, the first is inhabited, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" (Thai: เกาะ) meaning "island" inlingua Thai) is the largest island of the group while the second, You can visit it during the day. To the north, the beaches, living a semi-nomadic population, which is called Nam Chao (Sea Gypsies).
A place where you can feel surrounded by the smiles of the people, a sea-green azzurrro, palm trees, white beaches, colorful fish and not the car because there are none.
On 26 December 2004, most of the inhabited part of Phi Phi Don was devastated by the tsunami in the Indian Ocean. Ton Sai village's main island, is mainly built on a sandy isthmus between the island's two long ridges of high kicks. On both sides of Ton Sai are semicircular bays lined with spiagge.L 'isthmus rises to less than two meters (six feet) above sea level.
Shortly after 10 am on the morning of December 26, the water receded from both bays. When the tsunami, at 10:37, he did both bays, and met in the middle of the isthmus. The wave that came into Ton Sai Bay was 3 meters (10 feet) high. The wave that came in Loh Dalum Bay was 6.5 meters (18 feet) high.
Marcopolo Paradiso 1200 Mercedes-Benz O-400RSD-
Placa Patente Única: :*ILY*2434* Brasil.-
Empresa Asociada: Planalto .-
Número de orden: 806-
Lugar de Fotografía: Viña Del Mar. V Región de Valparaiso .Chile.-
==============================--.-.-.-.-.-.-.--.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-
-.-.-.-.-.-.-.--.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-
www.flickr.com/photos/turisexprexx/ Fecha y Hora de la Actualización : Lunes 21/01/2013 Hora:00:37 PM.-
===============================
Cualquier pedido De Foto Por favor De Envía UN correo pinilla_andino@hotmail.com
Benvenuti nel paradiso di Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailandia.
Situato nell'incontaminato Andaman Sea, l'arcipelago delle Phi Phi Islands è uno tra
i più belli al mondo...
A circa 50 km da Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, rappresenta una delle località più belle del mare thailandese. È formata dalle isole Phi Phi Don e Phi Phi Leh: la prima è abitata, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" ( Thai : เกาะ ) che significa "isola" inlingua thai ) è l'isola più grande del gruppo mentre la seconda, è visitabile in giornata in barca. A nord, sulle spiagge, vive una popolazione seminomade, che viene chiamata Chao Nam (Zingari del Mare).
Un luogo dove è facile sentirsi circondati dai sorrisi della gente, da un mare verde-azzurrro, da palme, spiagge bianche, pesci coloratissimi e non dalle auto perchè non ce ne sono.
Il 26 dicembre 2004, gran parte della parte abitata di Phi Phi Don è stata devastata dalle tsunami nell'Oceano Indiano . il principale villaggio dell'isola Ton Sai , è principalmente costruito su una sabbia istmo tra l'isola di due lunghe creste di calcare alti. Su entrambi i lati di Ton Sai sono baie semicircolari allineate con le spiagge.L'istmo sorge a meno di due metri (due metri) sul livello del mare.
Poco dopo le ore 10 del mattino del 26 dicembre, l'acqua da entrambe le baie si allontanava. Quando lo tsunami, alle 10:37, lo ha fatto da entrambe le baie, e si è incontrato in mezzo dell'istmo. L'onda che è entrato in Ton Sai Bay è stato di 3 metri (10 piedi) di altezza. L'onda che è entrato in Loh Dalum Bay è stata di 6,5 metri (18 piedi) di altezza.
Welcome to paradise of Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailand.
Located in the uncontaminated Andaman Sea, the archipelago of the Phi Phi Islands is one of
the most beautiful in the world ...
At about 50 km from Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, is one of the most beautiful beach in Thailand. It is formed by the islands Phi Phi Don and Phi Phi Leh, the first is inhabited, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" (Thai: เกาะ) meaning "island" inlingua Thai) is the largest island of the group while the second, You can visit it during the day. To the north, the beaches, living a semi-nomadic population, which is called Nam Chao (Sea Gypsies).
A place where you can feel surrounded by the smiles of the people, a sea-green azzurrro, palm trees, white beaches, colorful fish and not the car because there are none.
On 26 December 2004, most of the inhabited part of Phi Phi Don was devastated by the tsunami in the Indian Ocean. Ton Sai village's main island, is mainly built on a sandy isthmus between the island's two long ridges of high kicks. On both sides of Ton Sai are semicircular bays lined with spiagge.L 'isthmus rises to less than two meters (six feet) above sea level.
Shortly after 10 am on the morning of December 26, the water receded from both bays. When the tsunami, at 10:37, he did both bays, and met in the middle of the isthmus. The wave that came into Ton Sai Bay was 3 meters (10 feet) high. The wave that came in Loh Dalum Bay was 6.5 meters (18 feet) high.
Benvenuti nel paradiso di Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailandia.
Situato nell'incontaminato Andaman Sea, l'arcipelago delle Phi Phi Islands è uno tra
i più belli al mondo...
A circa 50 km da Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, rappresenta una delle località più belle del mare thailandese. È formata dalle isole Phi Phi Don e Phi Phi Leh: la prima è abitata, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" ( Thai : เกาะ ) che significa "isola" inlingua thai ) è l'isola più grande del gruppo mentre la seconda, è visitabile in giornata in barca. A nord, sulle spiagge, vive una popolazione seminomade, che viene chiamata Chao Nam (Zingari del Mare).
Un luogo dove è facile sentirsi circondati dai sorrisi della gente, da un mare verde-azzurrro, da palme, spiagge bianche, pesci coloratissimi e non dalle auto perchè non ce ne sono.
Il 26 dicembre 2004, gran parte della parte abitata di Phi Phi Don è stata devastata dalle tsunami nell'Oceano Indiano . il principale villaggio dell'isola Ton Sai , è principalmente costruito su una sabbia istmo tra l'isola di due lunghe creste di calcare alti. Su entrambi i lati di Ton Sai sono baie semicircolari allineate con le spiagge.L'istmo sorge a meno di due metri (due metri) sul livello del mare.
Poco dopo le ore 10 del mattino del 26 dicembre, l'acqua da entrambe le baie si allontanava. Quando lo tsunami, alle 10:37, lo ha fatto da entrambe le baie, e si è incontrato in mezzo dell'istmo. L'onda che è entrato in Ton Sai Bay è stato di 3 metri (10 piedi) di altezza. L'onda che è entrato in Loh Dalum Bay è stata di 6,5 metri (18 piedi) di altezza.
Welcome to paradise of Koh Phi Phi Islands in Thailand.
Located in the uncontaminated Andaman Sea, the archipelago of the Phi Phi Islands is one of
the most beautiful in the world ...
At about 50 km from Phuket, Ko Phi Phi, is one of the most beautiful beach in Thailand. It is formed by the islands Phi Phi Don and Phi Phi Leh, the first is inhabited, Ko Phi Phi Don ("ko" (Thai: เกาะ) meaning "island" inlingua Thai) is the largest island of the group while the second, You can visit it during the day. To the north, the beaches, living a semi-nomadic population, which is called Nam Chao (Sea Gypsies).
A place where you can feel surrounded by the smiles of the people, a sea-green azzurrro, palm trees, white beaches, colorful fish and not the car because there are none.
On 26 December 2004, most of the inhabited part of Phi Phi Don was devastated by the tsunami in the Indian Ocean. Ton Sai village's main island, is mainly built on a sandy isthmus between the island's two long ridges of high kicks. On both sides of Ton Sai are semicircular bays lined with spiagge.L 'isthmus rises to less than two meters (six feet) above sea level.
Shortly after 10 am on the morning of December 26, the water receded from both bays. When the tsunami, at 10:37, he did both bays, and met in the middle of the isthmus. The wave that came into Ton Sai Bay was 3 meters (10 feet) high. The wave that came in Loh Dalum Bay was 6.5 meters (18 feet) high.
El fenómeno Explore en Flickr ha sido motivo de obsesión para muchos compañeros de esta red social dedicada a la fotografía.
He visto gente a la que solo le valen comentarios como: impresionante, espectacular, grandioso ... y si intentas hacer una crítica constructiva, directamente borran tu comentario. Penosamente se dedican a hacer un "copy paste" para ser vanagloriados.
Flickr es un arma potente, si se sabe utilizar. Yo, he conseguido contratos con importantes con empresas internacionales, así como la cesión de imágenes en importantes medios de presa y comunicación, e incluso reportajes sociales (bodas, bautizos... que gustosamente he hecho a compañeros ( RafaDD el último, gracias Rafa).
Sigan su sueño, sigan con la fotografía, y sobre todo; sean humildes .. y aprendan desde el más profesional, hasta del más amateur.
Un millón de gracias a todos ...
ENGLISH
Flickr Explore The phenomenon has been the subject of obsession for many colleagues in this social network dedicated to photography.
I've seen people who are worth it alone comments like: awesome, amazing, great ... and if you try to make constructive criticism directly to delete your comment. Sadly are dedicated to making a "copy paste" for vainglory.
Flickr is a powerful weapon, if you know how to use. I've got contracts with major international companies, as well as the transfer of important media images of prey and communication, and even social stories (weddings, christenings ... would gladly have made friends (RafaDD the past, thanks Rafa) .
Follow your dream, still photography, and above all, be humble .. and learn from the most professional, even the most amateur.
A million thanks to all ...
1. ¿Moriremos en la orilla?, 2. Camino a la vida, 3. Smile, and live, 4. Passion window, 5. Kid soul, 6. Walking around ..., 7. Quid pro cuo, 8. Sunshine,
9. Is dead analog photography?, 10. Help Us, 11. Fly away ..., 12. Be water, my friend ..., 13. Eternal Spring ..., 14. Eros, Philia, Agape ..., 15. Camino, 16. La alternativa ...,
17. Decálogo de la picardía ..., 18. The last minutes ..., 19. Angular ..., 20. Alas de colores ..., 21. La prisa mata ...., 22. Where the streets has no name, 23. Door to Hell, 24. Aquarius Bokeh,
25. Peace for Them ..., 26. Gold: Rozando el Dorado ...., 27. Música para todos: y a pesar de todo, era feliz ..., 28. I Was Born, to Love You ..., 29. Otro, y van ..., 30. Salto al vacío, 31. Colombaires, 32. I can fly ...,
33. Poker face, 34. Angels, 35. Somos levedad ..., 36. Ve hacia la luz, Caroline ..., 37. Cinema Paradiso, 38. Requiem por el Hambre, 39. Sunday Afternoon, 40. Sentado frente al Mar, mientras el Mundo gira ...,
41. La memoria del Cabanyal ..., 42. Campos de Petanca en Marxalenes ... Ya ¡¡¡, 43. Petanca en Marxalenes, 44. The day that you arrived ..., 45. Sometimes, 46. De cosas que nos arrebata el tiempo ..., 47. Smoke Kills, 48. Hay cosas, que no son lo que parecen ...,
49. En busca de "El Dorado", 50. Los amantes del circulo polar, 51. Indispensables, para algunos ..., 52. Donde el cielo sangra ..., 53. United Colors of Valencia, 54. Mis neuronas no perdonan ..., 55. ¿Tanto os cuesta dar la mano?, 56. Fragile,
57. Un cruce en el camino ..., 58. 2009: El Fotógrafo ha muerto ... / Photographer has died ..., 59. Doble fila, 60. Así estoy yo, sin tí, 61. Bokeh y golazo por la escuadra ¡¡¡, 62. Bon Nadal - Feliz Navidad - Zorionak eta Urte Berri On - Merry Christmas - Froehliche Weihnachten - Buon Natale, 63. Cuando los tiempos cambian ..., 64. Play,
65. De recuerdos amontonados ..., 66. La levedad ..., 67. El Faro sin Tierra, 68. Te juzgaran sólo por tus errores (Yo, no), 69. Catch, 70. Basic Autumn, 71. Un final feliz / A happy end, 72. El fotógrafo, nace; o se hace?
1. Run, Baby, run ..., 2. ... y a veces, se pierde, 3. I'll be there for you ..., 4. La familia crece ..., 5. Feel, 6. Live Forever, 7. Walking on Valencia streets, 8. La última vinoteca del Mundo ...,
9. Life Bokeh, 10. Speed Down, 11. Volver ..., 12. Mare Nostrum ... Terra est, 13. L'horta, 14. Sweet Dreams, 15. Lo prohibido ... nos seduce tanto ..., 16. Peligro, "L'horta de València",
17. Lucas ha llegado ... y lo ha hecho para quedarse, 18. Dame pan, y dime tonto, 19. El paso del tiempo es irrefutable, 20. Los corazones dulces ... (Sweet Hearts), 21. Serenity, 22. Hay tantas perspectivas ..., 23. Sin City ..., 24. Yes, we can (Jump),
25. Arts, ciencies i ... presupost ..., 26. Cuando fuimos los mejores ... (Spain: European Basketball Champion 2009), 27. Bokeh & Tears, 28. In your face ¡¡¡, 29. La soledad, no está tan sóla ..., 30. Semper fidelis, 31. Empezamos siempre en pie ..., 32. La levedad ...,
33. In Memoriam : Daniel Jarque (1983-2009), 34. Crazy ... and you?, 35. El Ángel Ángel ..., 36. Die .. or skate, 37. La conciencia del cielo, 38. Hay noches en las que mataría por verte ..., 39. Mosquean ... sestean ... duermen ..., 40. Me cuesta tanto ...,
41. Principio ..., 42. Ellos tienen el "Empire State" ... nosotros L'Albufera, 43. Arroceros de Valencia, 44. La soledad del fotógrafo ... / Photographer solitude ..., 45. In Memoriam, Mario Benedetti (1920-2009), 46. Nothing ..., 47. Báilame el agua ..., 48. Con las manos "levantás",
49. Ella me pidió colores ..., 50. Qué ha quedado de mi Valencia ..., 51. Why does it always rain on me? Again ..., 52. Despabílate, 53. La inocencia descalza, 54. Mi antojo, 55. Alas de colores (Color wings), 56. Vintage Bokeh from Nikon,
57. Mi mente, demente, no tiene candados ..., 58. Seis versos al Mar, 59. La soledad del fotógrafo ..., 60. Por cada rail ... una vida, 61. Se le escapó el último tren ..., 62. La esperanza tendida al Sol ..., 63. Viviendo en silencio ..., 64. Cierra esa bocaza ¡¡¡¡,
65. Las luces de la ciudad ..., 66. In Memoriam (Corny, 1994-2009), 67. Historia de un salto ..., 68. ¿Jugamos?, 69. Hasta el final ..., 70. Malos tiempos para la Lírica #1, 71. La casa de tus sueños ..., 72. Cuando eramos niños...
1. Imagina un Mundo sin Música ..., 2. Mare Nostrum ..., 3. Se empieza por los pies ..., 4. Silencio ... sssssh, 5. Los amantes del Circulo Polar, 6. Lara, 7. Gypsy Queen, 8. The World Window,
9. Inlove, 10. Gael, 11. Red sunshine, 12. Enrique Beltran, 13. Green winter, 14. Abandono, 15. La sombra de la farola, 16. Yellow Green,
17. Clouds #3, 18. Yacer ..., 19. Arts i ciències, 20. Photo Orton #1, 21. Tórtola, 22. La Albufera de Valencia, 23. Photos no, please, 24. El mar en un cubo,
25. Clouds on heaven, 26. Oxygene, 27. Friends Forever #2, 28. Juega para mí, 29. So ... kiss me #1, 30. Piedra a Piedra / Stone by Stone, 31. Xavi #1, 32. Walking around,
33. The falling leaves, 34. Live forever, 35. Me huele a Granada / Me, 36. All the sea for you, 37. Soledad, 38. Eye in the Sky, 39. Cierra la vida / Close the life, 40. Renovar o morir / Renove or die,
41. Maria " in crecendo ", 42. Del Amor al Abismo / Inlove to the Abyss, 43. El equilibrio / The Balance, 44. El Camino / Eye in the Sky, 45. Helena, 46. El Gato en la Basura / Cat in sweepings, 47. Pequeña Maria / Little Marie, 48. Al Mar / To the Sea,
49. Grande entre las grandes ..., 50. Quien espera a quien, 51. Sot de Chera nocturna, 52. Creciendo, 53. Albufera cae, 54. Remanso, 55. Albufera, 56. Chipri
Marcopolo Paradiso G7 1800DD
Volvo B-420R
Recorrido: Est. Central - San Fernando - Curico (Por ByPass)
Asiento: Salon Cama - Semi Cama
N° Interno: 032
Patente del Bus: GKYT-37
Fecha: 16 de Enero de 2017
Saludos y Gracias Por Sus Visitas.
Marcopolo Paradiso 1800 DD G7 Scania K-420.-
Placa Patente Única: :*DS*SY*26*.-
Empresa Asociada: Transportes Eme Bus .-
Número de orden: ¿?-
Lugar de Fotografía: Viña del Mar. V Región De Valparaiso .Chile.-
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www.flickr.com/photos/turisexprexx/ Fecha y Hora de la Actualización : Miércoles/10/2012 Hora:01:37 PM.-
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Cualquier pedido De Foto Por favor De Envía UN correo pinilla_andino@hotmail.com