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© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Photos are copyrighted. All rights reserved. Pictures can not be used without explicit permission by the creator.
© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Estas fotos tienen derechos de autor. Todos los derechos reservados. Las imágenes no pueden ser utilizadas sin autorización expresa del autor.
© Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©.
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained herein for any use outside FlickR, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Photos are copyrighted. All rights reserved. Pictures can not be used without explicit permission by the creator.
© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Estas fotos tienen derechos de autor. Todos los derechos reservados. Las imágenes no pueden ser utilizadas sin autorización expresa del autor.
© Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©.
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained herein for any use outside FlickR, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."
صبَاحك ..
وْردٌ شذي ..
وْعَنْبَر ..ْ
وْلوْزُ نَدِيٌّ ..
وْشمسُ انتصارٍ حبَاها الربَيع ..
وْبَحرٌ عميقٌ.. وْموْجٌ تبَختر ..
,,,
أصحــاب الردود الإنجـــلــيزيــة شكــراً فـ أنـــا فـي غـنــى عـنــكــم =)
اللهم صل على محمد
Millstones have a long history spanning many thousands of years. Their current basic form can be dated to before the Norman Conquest (1066) as corn mills are recorded in Domesday Book of 1068.
The Peak District has a close connection with millstones. They are part of the cultural heritage that is recognised and protected as part of Peak District National Park work. The first reference to millstone production in Derbyshire is as early as the 13th century, at Alderwasley. There are also records of millstones been quarried in Hathersage and Baslow in the 14th and 15th centuries.
The millstone as you would expect has changed over the centuries. The mushroom-shaped conical stone is an earlier shape that appears to be peculiar to this area and may be Medieval in origin. The more familiar wheel-like cylinder shape was produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. These millstones were used to grind grain like oats, barley and rye or other feedstuffs.
For milling wheat, millstones were imported from Cologne (Cullen stone) in the 18th and 19th centuries but this dark Rhenish lava discoloured the flour. French Burr stones were increasingly imported from the Marne valley, France, as the quartz didn't discolour white flour.
Grindstones were also produced in the Peak District. Mounted vertically on their edges they were used for crushing wood to create wood pulp to make paper. Smaller, thinner stones were used in the edge-tool industry and smaller ones still in cutlery manufacture.
© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Photos are copyrighted. All rights reserved. Pictures can not be used without explicit permission by the creator.
© cuma 2013. © Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©. Estas fotos tienen derechos de autor. Todos los derechos reservados. Las imágenes no pueden ser utilizadas sin autorización expresa del autor.
© Copyright – Marcelo Moreno©.
The reproduction, publication, modification, transmission or exploitation of any work contained herein for any use outside FlickR, personal or commercial, without my prior written permission is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."