View allAll Photos Tagged Rebecca L Daily
Even the smallest and/or prettiest of creatures can be territorial and exhibit more than just a little bit of visciousness in the daily fight for survival. Heaven knows I've experienced it within the human workplace, hence the sarcastic title.
I've been rescuing photos from a dying portable hard drive. The hummingbird images I captured between 2012 - 2014 are favorites of mine and they needed to be saved to another drive.
As a photographer, you can learn quite a bit about birds or other wildlife by simply watching and photographing them on a regular basis. During that span of years my mother and I hung out those hummingbird feeders in Texas, I would be over there every morning and/or evening to photograph these soft, tiny little birdies. The more I watched, the more I learned they aren't quite as sweet as everybody might think. Luckily, this extended observation led to some very interesting photos.
Copyright Rebecca L. Latson, all rights reserved.
List of graduates by surname
Abromowitz, Belle - 1914
Abromowitz, Lena - 1913
Ahlborn, John - 1982
Aird, Amy - 1981
Aird, Annette - 1981
Allen, Frances - 1928
Allen, Helen - 1929
Allen, Marvin - 1934
Ames, Harry A - 1911
Ammerman, Hurley - 1939
Amundson, Clara - 1935
Amundson, Ethel - 1939
Amundson, Milton - 1937
Amundson, Myron - 1942
Anderson, Anna - 1945
Anderson, Ardith - 1953
Anderson, Signe - 1916
Anderson, Una - 1952
Anderson, Wayne - 1956
Andress, Charles - 1976
Andress, Charlotte - 1942
Andress, Dave - 1982
Andress, Gladys - 1930
Andress, Isabelle - 1942
Andress, Janyce - 1984
Andress, Jeanne - 1988
Andress, Judyne - 1984
Andress, Keith - 1960
Andress, Lois - 1957
Andress, Lori - 1979
Andress, Myrna - 1957
Andress, Pam - 1969
Andress, Ramona - 1942
Andress, Raymond - 1928
Andress, Robert - 1955
Andress, Ruth - 1940
Andress, Sheila - 1967
Andress, Sheryl - 1967
Andress, Virginia - 1947
Archer, Janice - 1956
Archer, Raymond - 1932
Archer, Stanley - 1958
Arnold, Florence - 1921
Arrington, Melinda - 1985
Axelson, Doris - 1937
Axelson, Larry - 1953
Axelson, Patricia - 1954
Axelson, Willis - 1926
Baesler, Laverne - 1951
Baker, Cyril - 1920
Baldwin, Shirley - 1956
Baldwin, Viola - 1952
Barber, Vernon B - 1915
Barkett, John - 1982
Barron, Raimond - 1974
Bayman, Brenda - 1984
Bayman, Delores - 1953
Bayman, Steve - 1983
Beach, Fred - 1939
Beach, Roland - 1942
Beck, Barb - 1971
Beck, John - 1975
Beck, Tom - 1970
Beckerleg, Jane - 1973
Beckerleg, Janet - 1977
Beckerleg, Kathleen - 1965
Beckerleg, Mary Lou - 1951
Beckerleg, Susan - 1972
Beckerleg, Thomas - 1979
Beckerleg, Tom - 1976
Becvar, Kathleen - 1945
Bell, Florence - 1925
Bell, Ida - 1924
Bellanger, Ruth - 1936
Belt, Karen (Schroeder) - 1984
Bennett, Holly - 1940
Bennett, Keith - 1937
Bennington, Rosalie - 1951
Bennor, Barbara - 1966
Bennor, Betty - 1974
Bennor, Doris - 1963
Bennor, Ellen Kay - 1977
Bennor, Karen - 1983
Bennor, Paul - 1985
Bennor, Perry - 1985
Benson, Betty - 1972
Benson, Earl - 1959
Benson, Enid - 1961
Benson, Paul - 1958
Benson, Ray - 1955
Berge, John - 1983
Biessener, Bernard - 1956
Biessener, Donna - 1980
Biessener, Irene - 1950
Biessener, Jerome - 1953
Biessener, Kathryn - 1953
Biessener, Lorraine - 1959
Biessener, Louise - 1946
Biessener, Marjorie - 1948
Biessener, Mark - 1984
Biessener, Mary - 1944
Biessener, Mike - 1981
Biessener, Roxanne - 1979
Biggin, Douglas - 1989
Biggin, Roberta - 1954
Bird, Calvin - 1959
Bixby, Linda - 1964
Bixby, Randall - 1962
Bixby, Teresa - 1981
Blanchard, Jeffrey - 1979
Blanchard, Joseph - 1977
Blanchard, Joyce - 1983
Blood, Charles - 1960
Blood, Dennis - 1957
Bly, Wayne - 1953
Boettcher, Arletta - 1943
Boettcher, Catherine - 1946
Boettcher, Diane - 1974
Boettcher, Dorothy - 1944
Boettcher, Frances - 1946
Boettcher, Joyce - 1950
Boettcher, Julie - 1977
Boettcher, Maurine - 1947
Boettcher, Maxine Donna - 1947
Bohmbach, Carole - 1956
Bohmbach, Lorraine - 1958
Bohmbach, Norman - 1954
Bohmbach, Vivian - 1955
Bohmbach, Wallace - 1929
Bombach, Evelyn - 1925
Booth, Phyllis - 1946
Booth, Rodby - 1948
Bowman, Lee - 1971
Boyd, Edwin - 1927
Bradt, Darlene - 1949
Bradt, Donna Bell - 1946
Brady, Michael - 1965
Brault, Arthur - 1950
Brault, Beatrice - 1952
Brault, Bernice - 1947
Brault, Neva - 1949
Brean, Frances - 1933
Brean, Willis - 1928
Briggs, Vera - 1910
Brooks, Leon - 1913
Brown, Ada - 1937
Brown, Allen - 1977
Brown, Bill - 1980
Brown, Carmen - 1969
Brown, Eugene - 1906
Brown, Mike - 1981
Brown, Richard - 1967
Brown, Steven - 1978
Brown, Todd - 1982
Bruno, Krishna - 1985
Buck, Cina - 1970
Buck, Denice - 1972
Buck, Gina - 1979
Buck, Larry - 1983
Buck, Robert - 1980
Buck, Tamara - 1977
Burns, Beverly - 1949
Burrows, Eunice - 1910
Busch, Dana - 1981
Busch, Darin - 1985
Busch, Dean - 1988
Butler, lona - 1923
Butler, Naida - 1922
Cafourek, Alfred - 1956
Carlson, Iver - 1934
Carlson, John - 1971
Carlson, Suzanne - 1979
Carter, Donna - 1988
Carter, Rae - 1980
Cary, Irene - 1947
Case, Alice - 1953
Case, Carol - 1951
Case, David - 1948
Case, Edward - 1955
Case, Keith - 1984
Case, Linda - 1968
Case, Marvin - 1986
Case, Michael - 1957
Case, Nancy - 1956
Case, Norma - 1950
Case, Pauline - 1942
Case, Phyllis - 1949
Case, Richard - 1961
Case, Sandra - 1964
Case, Sharon - 1959
Cerven, Kim - 1988
Chapman, Betty - 1942
Chase, Chris - 1974
Chase, David - 1960
Chase, Eugene - 1955
Chase, Kenneth - 1952
Chase, Kevin - 1984
Chase, Stan - 1977
Childs, David - 1949
Cirks, Gary - 1959
Clark, Anna Gail - 1939
Clark, Carol - 1952
Clark, Elsie - 1939
Clark, Lela - 1934
Clark, Mary - 1926
Clark, Russell - 1936
Clark, Shirley - 1928
Clason, Jack - 1933
Cohen, Bertha D - 1911
Cohen, Joseph - 1912
Cohen, Josie - 1909
Cohen, Lena - 1910
Condon, Mary - 1944
Conley, Frances - 1963
Conley, Joseph - 1961
Conley, Kathryn - 1977
Conley, Larry - 1962
Conley, Thomas - 1966
Cox, Bryan - 1976
Cox, Heather - 1984
Crafts, Charles, Jr - 1983
Crawford, Lori - 1989
Criss, John - 1940
Crookshank, Fern - 1940
Culver, Marion - 1949
Cunningham, Carole - 1960
Cunningham, Elton - 1959
Cunningham, Mabel - 1918
Cunningham, Merle - 1957
Czeczok, Lorraine - 1950
Czeczok, Margaret - 1948
Dahlquist, Mildred - 1932
Dahlquist, Ralph - 1935
Dahlquist, Ruth - 1928
Dahms, Joan - 1933
Dahms, Robert - 1947
Dahms, Rose Mary - 1942
Dahms, Walter - 1940
Daily, Helen - 1913
Dalen, Darlene - 1965
Dalen, Ella Mae - 1966
Daniels, Pauline - 1924
Davies, Herbert - 1932
Davis, Alvin - 1940
Davis, Isabelle - 1929
Davis, Jack - 1931
Davis, Thayer - 1906
Davis, Tom - 1909
DeMars, Frances - 1970
Dent, William - 1925
DeRoo, Aaron - 1989
Dewey, Cecyl M - 1915
Dickinson, Scott - 1986
Dighton, Grace - 1925
Dimmer, LeRoy - 1940
Dippold, George - 1967
Dippold, Mary - 1926
Disselbrett, Arrol - 1964
Disselbrett, Chester - 1956
Disselbrett, Delores - 1943
Dobson, Harriet - 1938
Dobson, Keith - 1944
Dobson, Loyd - 1945
Dobson, Lucille - 1935
Dobson, Orville - 1932
Dobson, Robert - 1924
Dobson, Vivian - 1948
Doppler, Anthony - 1942
Doppler, Charles - 1947
Doppler, Helene - 1941
Doppler, Laura - 1941
Downs, Dan - 1981
Downs, Donna - 1982
Downs, Richard - 1979
Duffy, Irene - 1941
Dunham, Audrey - 1973
Dunham, Jason - 1988
Dunham, Jeanne - 1959
Dunham, Jim - 1967
Dunham, John - 1965
Dunham, Laurel - 1970
Dunn, Patricia - 1988
Ebaugh, Richard - 1963
Ebaugh, Rosalind - 1962
Ebaugh, Tammy - 1983
Ebaugh, Tonja - 1988
Edelman, Jackee - 1988
Edelman, Jeff - 1984
Edelman, Judy - 1985
Edelman, Sandee - 1980
Egeland, Claudia - 1965
Egeland, Larry - 1959
Ekblad, Eva - 1938
Elavsky, Donovan - 1975
Elavsky, Jana - 1980
Elavsky, Joel - 1978
Elavsky, John - 1947
Elavsky, Karen - 1983
Elavsky, Mary - 1944
Elavsky, Mike - 1942
Elavsky, Neil - 1986
Elavsky, Ruth - 1957
Elavsky, Vivian - 1938
Elliot, Grace - 1912
Ellsworth, David - 1949
Ellsworth, Doris - 1951
Ellsworth, Dorothy - 1954
Ellsworth, JoAnn - 1960
Elphic, Grace - 1922
Engel, Virginia - 1978
Englebretson, Alice - 1921
Englebretson, Eddie - 1925
Englebretson, Esther - 1913
Englebretson, Selma - 1909
Engleking, Audrey - 1932
Engleking, Muriel - 1927
Erickson, Barbara - 1962
Erickson, Donna - 1974
Erickson, Genard - 1919
Erickson, James - 1968
Erickson, John - 1968
Erickson, Marie - 1958
Erickson, Mary - 1966
Erickson, Minerva - 1959
Erickson, Sadie - 1926
Erickson, Tom - 1972
Erickson, William - 1963
Evenson, Joseph - 1930
Evertz, Barbara - 1965
Evertz, Laura - 1961
Fagerman, Dawn - 1973
Fagerman, Jay - 1977
Farrington, Cindy - 1973
Farrington, Dennis - 1966
Farrington, James - 1963
Farrington, Robert - 1961
Felion, Art - 1935
Felion, Arthur - 1909
Felion, James - 1941
Felion, Jerome - 1939
Felion, Marcelle - 1935
Felion, Roderick (Roderc?) - 1922
Felion, Thomas - 1937
Fenzel, Ron - 1976
Fillbrandt, Ella - 1931
Fillbrandt, Louisa - 1925
Flavell, Agnes J - 1915
Flavell, Gertrude - 1917
Flavell, Winnie - 1914
Floodeen, Eddy - 1913
Floodeen, Ferry - 1912
Fogelberg, Alma - 1926
Fogelberg, Hattie - 1920
Foley, Tom - 1916
Foley, William - 1917
Ford, Henry - 1941
Fordyce, Marian - 1941
Fordyce, Patricia - 1953
Forester, William - 1925
Fox, Alvin - 1981
Fox, Jere - 1977
Fritcher, Mabel - 1906
Fritts, Eugene - 1925
Fritts, Lucille - 1936
Fritts, Mildred - 1921
Fritts, Ruth - 1924
Fritts, Warren - 1929
Gack, Ardis - 1979
Gack, Beverly - 1965
Gack, Bob - 1973
Gack, Burton - 1955
Gack, Delores - 1967
Gack, Irma - 1951
Gack, Ken - 1988
Gack, LaRae - 1969
Gack, Leona - 1942
Gack, Meri - 1968
Gack, Myron - 1963
Gack, Shirley - 1957
Gack, Tim - 1986
Galles, James - 1950
Galles, Jean - 1947
Geiger, Bette - 1951
Geiger, Donald - 1952
Geiger, Jennifer - 1955
Giles, Ruby E - 1911
Gitchel, Kenneth - 1969
Gitchel, Violet - 1965
Gleason, Delia - 1912
Gleason, Lynn - 1914
Gleason, Melvina - 1924
Gleason, Wayne - 1924
Goble, Deloris - 1952
Goehring, Charles - 1976
Goehring, Geraldine - 1957
Goehring, James - 1967
Goehring, Raymond - 1966
Goehring, Ronald - 1966
Goehring, Ruth - 1940
Goehring, Scott - 1987
Goehring, Shirley - 1969
Golberg, Betty - 1955
Golberg, Ernest - 1939
Golberg, Irene - 1942
Golberg, Jeff - 1974
Golberg, Lynne - 1965
Golberg, Marian - 1948
Golberg, Marjorie - 1943
Golberg, Ronald - 1966
Golberg, Scott - 1980
Golberg, Sharon - 1962
Golberg, Ted - 1946
Good, Merle - 1922
Good, Norma - 1921
Goodman, Harley - 1964
Gotschall, Robert - 1957
Gould, Louis - 1928
Granrud, Elnora - 1937
Gray, Richard - 1989
Graybeal, Esther - 1938
Gregg, Jane - 1950
Grimler, Clara - 1967
Grimler, Kathleen - 1966
Grimler, Paul - 1974
Gunkel, Carrie - 1974
Gunkel, Darcy - 1972
Gunkel, Ed - 1975
Gunkel, Janelle - 1969
Gunkel, Louise - 1966
Gunkel, Mark - 1982
Gustad, Carol - 1960
Gustad, Janelle - 1982
Gustad, Karen - 1959
Gustad, Linda - 1984
Gustad, Robert - 1965
Gustafson, Branson - 1949
Gustafson, Donald - 1943
Gustafson, Dwight - 1935
Gustafson, Emil John - 1942
Gustafson, Lillian - 1952
Gutierrez, Jeff - 1974
Gutierrez, Scott - 1981
Gutierrez, William - 1983
Haas, Herman - 1923
Haas, Mabel - 1924
Hackett, Dale - 1930
Haight, Gladys M - 1921
Hakala, Donna - 1977
Hakala, Ronald - 1980
Hakala, Sue - 1974
Hakala, Tom - 1975
Hamand, Claudia - 1971
Hamand, Jim - 1973
Hamand, Joe - 1981
Hamand, John - 1968
Hamm, David - 1976
Hamm, Debbie - 1986
Hamm, Jim - 1962
Hansen, Anna - 1909
Hansen, Carla - 1976
Hansen, Lance - 1988
Hanson, David - 1979
Hanson, Debbie - 1973
Hanson, Donald - 1983
Hanson, Ed - 1974
Hanson, Jolene - 1986
Hanson, Roger - 1977
Hanson, Roger D - 1978
Hanson, Violet - 1946
Harding, Daisy - 1910
Harding, Lila - 1947
Haring, Garold - 1953
Harms, Pam - 1971
Harms, Steve - 1965
Harris, James - 1941
Harris, James - 1965
Harris, Jim - 1989
Harris, Sandra - 1959
Harris, Susan - 1963
Hart, Carolyn - 1954
Hart, Jean - 1952
Hart, Louis - 1950
Hartman, Larry - 1966
Hartman, Milo - 1973
Harwood, Joyce - 1938
Hasbrook, Leonard - 1931
Hauser, Grant - 1986
Hayes, Anna Mae - 1948
Hayes, James - 1945
Hayes, Jim - 1971
Hayes, Joan - 1970
Hayes, Kathy May - 1977
Hayes, Lonnie - 1975
Hayes, Theresa - 1979
Hayes, Tom - 1943
Heldman, Gail - 1974
Hendricks, Clifford - 1959
Hendricks, Gary - 1961
Hendricks, Jon - 1957
Hendricks, Keith - 1982
Hendricks, William - 1963
Henne, Bob - 1975
Henne, Kathy - 1977
Henne, Thomas - 1979
Hensel, Charlene - 1979
Hensel, Dale - 1981
Herdina, Jeanette - 1970
Herdina, Karen Kay - 1977
Hildreth, Cecelia - 1951
Hinds, Lee - 1955
Hiserote, Gene - 1948
Hoff, Inez - 1916
Holland, Alice - 1912
Holland, Carolyn - 1967
Holland, Clarence - 1929
Holland, LeRoy - 1960
Holland, Marilyn - 1948
Holland, Marlys - 1974
Holland, Neil - 1962
Holland, Ralph - 1938
Holland, Sheryl - 1979
Holland, Vernon - 1950
Houchin, Daniel - 1965
Houchin, Tina - 1986
Howard, June - 1975
Howard, Margie - 1953
Howard, Robert - 1950
Hubbard, Mabel (Mrs.) - 1923
Hudson, Della - 1952
Hudson, Denise - 1985
Hudson, Duane - 1982
Hudson, Matt - 1985
Hudson, Rae - 1984
Humiston, Jerri - 1978
Humiston,Todd - 1980
Hunter, Ailene - 1907
Hunter, Louis - 1922
Hunter, Marjorie - 1912
Hurlburt, Tim - 1976
Hurlburt,Tom - 1976
Hurst, Ardyth - 1947
Hurst, David - 1943
Hurst, Elaine - 1947
Hurst, Stanley - 1951
Hutchinson, DeeAnn - 1977
Hysing, Duane - 1935
Hysing, Kenneth - 1927
Hysing, Vergyl - 1930
Ingman, Fern - 1943
Ingman, Joanne - 1954
Ingram, Laurence - 1939
Ivens, Lora - 1984
Jackson, Melvin - 1958
Jadwin, Gary - 1963
Jarman, Steve - 1967
Jarman, Vicki - 1964
Jarva, Carol - 1962
Jarva, Marlys - 1966
Jenson, Julien - 1914
Jesperson, Agnes - 1940
Jesperson, Carrie - 1937
Jesperson, Elmer - 1944
Jesperson, Ivar - 1936
Jesperson, Jennie - 1948
Jesperson, Leonard - 1957
Jesperson, Nellie - 1946
Jesperson, Selma - 1938
Johnson, Alan - 1972
Johnson, Axel - 1933
Johnson, Bonnie - 1965
Johnson, Brad - 1984
Johnson, Carl - 1934
Johnson, Carol - 1962
Johnson, Clara - 1921
Johnson, Clifford - 1986
Johnson, Dennis - 1986
Johnson, Edith - 1931
Johnson, Eric - 1988
Johnson, Esther - 1932
Johnson, Fred - 1933
Johnson, Helen - 1937
Johnson, Jerry - 1957
Johnson, Joan - 1962
Johnson, Lee - 1974
Johnson, Madelyn - 1939
Johnson, Merton - 1938
Johnson, Michele - 1979
Johnson, Minnie - 1921
Johnson, Nathan - 1938
Johnson, Orville - 1965
Johnson, Peggy - 1970
Johnson, Philip - 1967
Johnson, Roy - 1937
Jones, Karen - 1968
Julius, Don - 1983
Julius, Sandra (Gack) - 1989
Kansier, Donald - 1941
Kansier, Doris - 1940
Karl, Jody - 1985
Karl, Kimberly - 1979
Karl, Louis - 1952
Karl, Scott - 1981
Karl, Shawn - 1982
Karlsgodt, Eindred - 1944
Karlsgodt, Herman - 1943
Kastner, Helen - 1937
Kastner, Irene - 1943
Kastner, William - 1964
Katzenburger (Mastny), Milo - 1933
Keating, Edward - 1955
Keller, Teresa - 1980
Keller, Trevor - 1986
Kelly, Dick - 1942
Kelsey, Ben - 1951
Kelsey, Betty - 1950
Kelsey, Frank - 1974
Kelsey, Kathryn - 1952
Kelsey, Linda - 1972
Kelsey, Nancy - 1957
Kelsey, RoxAnne - 1970
Kelsey, Suzanne - 1967
Kelsey, Wilma - 1939
Kerwin, Kenneth - 1940
Kerwin, Roy - 1939
Kinnon, Lucille - 1924
Klienegger, Marian - 1912
Knott, Grace - 1962
Knott, Mabel - 1937
Knott, Matt - 1955
Knott, Norma - 1935
Knott, Ruth - 1952
Knouse, John - 1989
Knouse, Raymond - 1986
Knowles, Dawn - 1988
Kocurek, Nancy - 1954
Kocurek, Nina - 1952
Kocurek, Woodrow - 1956
Koehnen, Gregory - 1978
Koehnen, Jeffrey - 1972
Kovach, Alex - 1979
Kovach, April - 1977
Kovach, Ardyce - 1976
Kovach, Janet - 1978
Kovach, John - 1960
Kovach, Martha - 1955
Kovach, Thomas - 1963
Kramer, Barb - 1984
Kramer, Iris - 1960
Kramer, James - 1984
Kramer, Jerry - 1985
Kramer, Jerry - 1988
Kramer, Joan - 1962
Kramer, Kathy - 1982
Kramer, Kenneth - 1969
Kramer, Loren - 1967
Kramer, Mary - 1968
Kramer, Michelle - 1985
Kramer, Paul - 1988
Kramer, Peter - 1986
Kramer, Susan - 1967
Kramer, Tom - 1964
Kriens, Bernard - 1955
Kriens, Bruce - 1974
Kriens, Curtis - 1977
Kriens, David - 1971
Kriens, Denice - 1973
Kriens, Dennis - 1975
Kriens, Kathleen - 1949
Kriens, Tim - 1986
Kubat, Cyndi - 1970
Kubat, Rosie - 1973
Kuckler, Betty - 1949
Kuckler, Carol - 1960
Kuckler, Carol - 1960
Kuckler, Donna - 1951
Kugler, Karen - 1988
Kugler, Terry - 1986
Kulig, Matthew - 1980
Kulig, Stacy - 1986
Kulig, Tracy - 1986
Kurtz, Dorothy - 1933
Kusunoki, Midori - 1981
Kvenbo, Helen - 1932
La Barge, Elizabeth - 1938
La Barge, Walter - 1939
Lamb, Frank - 1956
Lamb, Frank, Jr - 1980
Lamb, Karl - 1958
Lamb, Vincent - 1985
Lamb, Wanda - 1981
LaMois, Francis - 1924
LaMois, Loyd - 1941
Land, Tammy - 1976
Lang, Elmer - 1935
Lang, Loretta - 1931
Lanning, Dawn - 1989
Lanning, Vernal - 1985
Larson, Ernest - 1910
Larson, Esther - 1907
Larson, Selina - 1986
Larson, Vienna - 1914
Lecy, Cindy - 1981
Lecy, Daniel - 1972
Lee, Agnes - 1907
Lee, Clara - 1941
Lee, Leona - 1939
Lee, Marie - 1942
Leeseberg, Elizabeth - 1949
Leeseberg, Mary - 1942
Leeseberg, Phyllis - 1944
Leeseberg, Richard - 1954
Leeseberg, Virginia - 1939
Leeseberg, William - 1953
Lemke, Clinton - 1949
Lemke, Mavis - 1940
Lemon, Charles - 1940
Lemon, Grant - 1923
Lemon, Jane - 1956
Lemon, Joyce - 1948
Lemon, Sarah - 1943
Lenander, Bryan - 1984
Lenander, Carol - 1962
Lenander, Carole - 1953
Lenander, David - 1969
Lenander, Diane - 1963
Lenander, Edward - 1955
Lenander, Linda - 1966
Lenander, Ray - 1958
Lenander, Sonja - 1956
Lenander, William - 1960
Lennberg, Otto - 1969
Lennberg, Roy - 1937
Lennberg, Virginia - 1944
Lennberg, William - 1960
LePouce, Jackie - 1958
Lish, Peter - 1963
Lithio, Virgil - 1924
Lockwood, Maude M. - 1915
Longfellow, Kendall - 1927
Lorenz, Willard - 1915
Lueck, Malinda - 1982
Lueck, Mark - 1980
Luft, Leo - 1950
Luft, Mary - 1955
Luft, Raymond - 1953
Lundgren, Oscar - 1921
Lundgren, Raymond - 1949
Lyons, Idella - 1926
Malerich, Charles - 1962
Malerich, Joseph - 1933
Malerich, Mary - 1943
Malerich, Thomas - 1965
Marble, Hugh - 1927
Mason, Eunice - 1945
Mason, Jean - 1950
Matteson, Dale - 1941
Matteson, Douglas - 1946
Matteson, Sherry - 1965
May, Betty - 1945
May, Billie - 1955
May, Clifford - 1960
May, Donald - 1952
May, James - 1955
McAllister, Doris - 1939
McBride, Harold - 1915
McClain, Cecil - 1933
McGuire, Pat - 1975
McGuire, Suzanne - 1978
McLaury, Donald - 1972
McLaury, Joe - 1981
McLaury, Michael - 1978
McLevis, Cary - 1986
McLevis, Lori Ann - 1986
Meier, Orphelia - 1941
Melby, David - 1948
Menning, Agnes - 1932
Menning, Duane - 1958
Menning, Rosie - 1933
Merrill, Hazel - 1913
Merrill, James A - 1915
Miller, Delbert - 1935
Miller, Earl - 1932
Miller, JoAnn - 1959
Miller, LeRoy - 1958
Miller, Matilda - 1910
Minnerup, Tammey - 1986
Mitchell, Esperance - 1930
Mitchell, Esther - 1925
Mitchell, Mildred - 1947
Mitchelll, Jim - 1951
Modahl, Bertha - 1941
Modahl, Donald - 1951
Modahl, Gladys - 1947
Modahl, Melvin - 1956
Modahl, Stanley - 1950
Modahl, Walter - 1953
Mokrzycki, Laura - 1940
Mollenkopf, Paul - 1981
Moore, Beverly - 1953
Moore, Calla - 1914
Moore, Dale - 1953
Moore, David - 1978
Moore, Donald - 1883
Moore, Ernie - 1958
Moore, Eva - 1927
Moore, Janine - 1980
Moore, John - 1978
Moore, Lana - 1954
Moore, Lois - 1948
Moore, Mildred - 1927
Moore, Rebecca - 1977
Moore, Robert - 1951
Moore, Shirley - 1951
Moore, Thomas - 1972
Morton, Amy - 1917
Muller, John - 1984
Munson, Marie - 1916
Munson, Ross - 1981
Murray, Marjorie - 1929
Murray, Robert - 1925
Myers, Edith - 1962
Myers, Joseph - 1957
Nauber, Donald - 1958
Nauber, Elizabeth - 1962
Nauber, Josephine - 1954
Nauber, Judith - 1972
Nauber, Margaret - 1952
Nauber, Ruth - 1965
Nauber, Warren - 1956
Negen, Barry - 1986
Negen, Byron - 1989
Negen, Charlotte, Mrs (Lecy) - 1968
Nelson, Barb - 1974
Nelson, Bill - 1975
Nelson, Boyd - 1976
Nelson, Carl - 1938
Nelson, Edrodean - 1939
Nelson, Esther - 1920
Nelson, Jay - 1980
Nelson, Jayne - 1982
Nelson, Jerry - 1981
Nelson, Jim - 1973
Nelson, Joel - 1986
Nelson, Jon - 1979
Nelson, Judy - 1969
Nelson, Kim - 1985
Nelson, Mabel - 1924
Nelson, Patty - 1971
Nelson, Peggy - 1975
Newsome, Tracy - 1981
Nichols, Ardyce - 1932
Nickeson, Geraldine - 1941
Nielsen, Joyce - 1953
Nielsen, Mabel - 1943
Nielsen, Mildred - 1945
Nordquist, Ralph - 1931
Nordquist, Toddes - 1916
Obenland, Mae - 1929
Obenland, Roland - 1953
Obenland, Virginia - 1929
Oelschlager, Audrey - 1964
Oelschlager, Charles - 1962
Oelschlager, Dorthy - 1968
Oelschlager, Gerald - 1957
Oelschlager, Irene - 1960
Oelschlager, Larry - 1969
Oelschlager, Randy - 1989
Oelschlager, Sharon - 1965
Olafson, Clarence - 1940
Olafson, Jennie - 1930
Olafson, Margaret - 1944
Olafson, Nels - 1939
Olafson, Ralph - 1953
Olafson, Steve - 1970
Olafson, Talaine - 1972
Olafson, Terri - 1967
Olafson, Tom - 1976
Olatson, Terri - 1967
Oliver, Donald - 1927
Oliver, Eli - 1914
Olson, Carl - 1906
Olson, Deltha - 1942
Olson, Donna - 1973
Olson, Glorrayne - 1950
Olson, Harold - 1968
Olson, Helmer - 1950
Olson, Jodie - 1981
Olson, John - 1971
Olson, Marion - 1939
Olson, Phyllis - 1944
Olson, Roselyn - 1955
Olson, Theone - 1938
Opheim, Audrey - 1964
Opheim, Ernest - 1970
Ostrander, Teri - 1981
Overbeek, Dave - 1983
Overbeek, Diane - 1985
Palmateer, Laura - 1985
Palmberg, Frank - 1936
Parks, Albert - 1950
Parks, Donald - 1953
Parks, Elmer - 1939
Parks, Harold - 1956
Parks, Shirley - 1955
Patterson, Pamela - 1977
Patton, Liston - 1924
Pelett, Ruby - 1913
Pennington, Gae - 1970
Pennington, Gail - 1970
Pennington, Victor - 1940
Perske, Theone - 1926
Perske, Vivian - 1921
Peterson, Carol - 1979
Peterson, Clara - 1918
Peterson, Debra - 1976
Peterson, Elsie - 1940
Peterson, Florence - 1931
Peterson, George - 1951
Peterson, Helen - 1944
Peterson, Irene - 1947
Peterson, Janice - 1952
Peterson, John C. - 1915
Peterson, John W. - 1911
Peterson, Lawrence - 1950
Peterson, Lewis - 1941
Peterson, Lillian - 1913
Peterson, Marvin - 1950
Peterson, Oscar - 1941
Peterson, Ray - 1973
Peterson, Rose C - 1911
Peterson, Ruth - 1941
Peterson, Sharon - 1961
Peterson, Walter - 1949
Phillips, Barbara - 1962
Piepkorn, Lillian - 1940
Pitschka, Mary Ann - 1984
Plotz, Terry - 1974
Poncelet, Allen - 1984
Poncelet, Cecelia - 1957
Poncelet, Charles - 1965
Poncelet, Cynthia - 1983
Poncelet, Elizabeth - 1959
Poncelet, Greg - 1988
Poncelet, Jeffrey - 1983
Poncelet, Jerome - 1955
Poncelet, John - 1960
Poncelet, Margaret - 1951
Poncelet, Mary - 1963
Poncelet, William - 1961
Porter, Rufus - 1914
Potter, Myrna - 1943
Preston, Rose - 1917
Profant, George - 1937
Profant, Mike - 1929
Putnam, Ida - 1913
Rabbit, Magdaline - 1922
Rabbit, Viola - 1925
Ramsdell, Ailene - 1929
Ramsdell, Myrtle - 1909
Regan, Jerry - 1935
Regnier, Frances - 1965
Regnier, Frank - 1973
Regnier, Joan - 1974
Regnier, Joseph C, VI - 1968
Regnier, Mary - 1967
Rehard, Marguerite - 1929
Resch, Phil - 1967
Resch, Wayne - 1969
Resendiz, Gilbert - 1967
Resendiz, Humbert - 1965
Resendiz, Oscar - 1964
Rhodes, Ruth E - 1911
Rice, Bertina - 1913
Rice, Carl - 1917
Rice, Josephine - 1915
Rich, Arthur - 1932
Rich, Beryl - 1929
Rich, Charles - 1965
Rich, Jon - 1969
Rich, Larry - 1962
Rich, Robert - 1934
Rich, Sandra - 1956
Richmond, Arthur - 1966
Richmond, Randy - 1986
Richmond, Renus - 1943
Ridlon, Ella - 1953
Ridlon, Pearl - 1944
Ritchie, Eugene - 1986
Robinson, Melvin - 1934
Robinson, Olive - 1923
Roder, Richard - 1943
Rodman, Donna - 1917
Rodman, Duane E - 1915
Rodman, Willis L - 1915
Roesten, Walter - 1916
Roetman, Alvin - 1954
Roetman, Cathryn - 1942
Roetman, Gail - 1971
Roetman, Jennifer - 1975
Roetman, Kirk - 1980
Roetman, Steve - 1973
Roetman, Tim - 1940
Roren, Doris - 1939
Rustad, Eric - 1980
Rustad, Sheila - 1981
Ryan, Donna - 1952
Sachow, Janice - 1940
Sackett, Elaine - 1954
Sadler, Dorothy - 1923
Saeks, Aaron - 1917
Saeks, Jennie - 1921
Saeks, Max - 1924
Saeks, Rose - 1926
Sandberg, Kay - 1984
Sandberg, Richard - 1985
Sandeen, Margaret - 1925
Sandquist, Imogene - 1944
Sandquist, Ralph - 1961
Sargent, Helen - 1936
Schaper, Patricia - 1958
Scheers, Marian - 1925
Schenecker, Joyce - 1944
Schenecker, Phyllis - 1946
Schilman, Ida - 1957
Schilman, Margaret - 1953
Schilman, Orvil - 1949
Schmiedeberg, Daralene - 1954
Schmiedeberg, DeLoris - 1950
Schmiedeberg, DeWayne - 1959
Schmiedeberg, Donna - 1961
Schmiedeberg, Kim - 1985
Schmiedeberg, Rochelle - 1983
Schroeder, Betty - 1958
Schroeder, David - 1986
Schroeder, Dennis - 1978
Schroeder, Donald - 1950
Schroeder, JoAnn - 1974
Schroeder, Joyce - 1954
Schroeder, Kenneth - 1960
Schroeder, Michael - 1979
Schroeder, Myrna - 1954
Schroeder, Patricia - 1961
Schroeder, Raymond - 1956
Schroeder, Ronald - 1965
Schroeder, Sue - 1981
Schroeder, Tammy - 1986
Scott, Ambie A - 1915
Scouton, James - 1961
Scouton, Robert - 1986
Scouton, Warren - 1986
Seiter, Agnes - 1922
Semmler, Beverly - 1970
Semmler, Carol - 1981
Semmler, Christie - 1977
Semmler, Danny - 1969
Semmler, Delores - 1978
Semmler, Diane - 1968
Semmler, Doris - 1978
Semmler, Ewald - 1941
Semmler, Gary - 1973
Semmler, Jeanne - 1989
Semmler, Jennifer - 1979
Semmler, Keith - 1973
Semmler, Linda - 1968
Semmler, Mikel - 1966
Semmler, Richard - 1972
Semmler, Rita Brown - 1973
Semmler, Ron - 1973
Senkel, Phyllis - 1942
Shay, Dave - 1973
Shay, Edward - 1962
Shay, Marilyn - 1957
Shay, Tom - 1969
Sheppard, Bernice - 1939
Sheppard, Ray - 1920
Shere, Jennie B - 1915
Shere, Lewis - 1914
Shere, Sara - 1910
Shook, Helen - 1939
Simcox, Berniece - 1918
Sjolin, Eric - 1988
Sjolin, Janelle - 1989
Sjolin, Kim - 1983
Skoog, Esther - 1931
Skoog, Evelyn - 1931
Skoog, Gladys - 1928
Skoog, Karen - 1960
Skoog, Lillian - 1955
Skoog, Myrtle - 1936
Skoog, Ole - 1931
Skoog, Robert - 1962
Sladkey, Franklin - 1947
Sliter, Cathryn - 1935
Sliter, Olive - 1919
Sliter, Shirley - 1945
Sloan, Delores - 1944
Sloan, Jaci - 1977
Sloan, Judy - 1979
Sloan, Lorene - 1942
Smith, Degra - 1979
Smith, Lily - 1930
Smith, Lynn - 1977
Smith, Mark - 1981
Snow, Jerry - 1986
Soli, Albert - 1923
Soli, Jennie - 1933
Soli, Myrtle - 1925
Spain, Patricia - 1972
Spain, Virginia - 1977
Spanjers, Dick - 1976
Spanjers, Donna - 1973
Spanjers, Kathy - 1974
Splittstoesser, Daniel - 1983
Splittstoesser, Diane - 1972
Splittstoesser, Julie - 1979
Splittstoesser, Leisa - 1981
Splittstoesser, Nancy - 1976
Squires, Naomi - 1940
Staehnke, Clell - 1942
Staffenhagen, Alfred - 1948
Staffenhagen, Alfred - 1980
Staffenhagen, Crystal - 1982
Staffenhagen, Orville - 1952
Staffsberg, Henrietta - 1925
Staffsberg, Jennie - 1925
Stanger, Debbie - 1971
Stanger, Steve - 1972
Stephens, Theron - 1985
Stiffler, Craig - 1980
Stiffler, Denise - 1986
Stiffler, Glen - 1955
Stiffler, Larry - 1964
Stiffler, Lisa - 1978
Stiffler, Shirley - 1950
Strand, Helen - 1931
Struck, Jack - 1935
Struss, Cyril - 1984
Struss, Gail - 1973
Struss, Jerry - 1970
Struss, Kevin - 1975
Struss, Rosanne - 1972
Struss, Violet - 1986
Stumpf, James - 1982
Swanson, Paul - 1916
Talbot, Nina - 1923
Tatro, Eugenia - 1972
Tatro, Jerry - 1973
Tatro, Linda - 1984
Tatro, Lisa - 1979
Tatro, Lori - 1981
Tatro, Scott - 1983
Taylor, Helen - 1972
Teele, Steven - 1972
Teeple, Georgia - 1915
Teigen, Olga - 1938
Thelin, Frank - 1977
Thelin, Karen - 1982
Thelin, Theresa - 1984
Theriault, Denis - 1913
Thielmann, Denise - 1985
Thompson, Linda - 1966
Thorne, Clinton - 1940
Tinklenberg, Stacey - 1987
Todd, Bazil - 1942
Todd, Beverly - 1946
Todd, Donald - 1941
Todd, Jack - 1947
Todd, Joseph - 1944
Todd, Margerie - 1924
Todd, Neal - 1938
Todd, Wesley - 1934
Vaerst, Alida - 1918
Vaerst, Carl - 1918
Vallo, Chris - 1982
Vallo, Kent - 1981
Van Cleve, Harold - 1912
Van Dyk, Judy - 1957
Vanden Eykel, Betty - 1972
Vanden Eykel, Conny - 1981
Vanden Eykel, Debby - 1977
Vanden Eykel, Henry - 1946
Vanden Eykel, Molly - 1970
Vanden Eykel, Tammy - 1978
Vanden Eykel, Terry - 1974
Vanden Eykel, Wally - 1975
Vik, Audrey - 1955
Vik, Gary - 1957
Vik, Linda - 1969
Vik, Lorna - 1953
Vik, Sandra - 1965
Vos, Eileen - 1947
Voshell, Albert - 1958
Voshell, Carol - 1960
Voshell, Kenneth - 1955
Voshell, Robert - 1936
Vredenberg, Irene - 1941
Vredenberg, Marvin - 1973
Vredenburg, Michelle - 1987
Vredenburg, Micky - 1975
Vredenburg, Millissa - 1989
Vredenburg, Randy - 1982
Vredenburg, Renee - 1984
Vredenburg, Ricky - 1972
Vredenburg, Robin - 1974
Vredenburg, Ronald - 1977
Vredenburg, Roxanne - 1979
Vredenburg, Rozella - 1951
Wagner, William - 1943
Walker, Eleanor - 1922
Walker, Margerie - 1924
Waller, Eloise - 1927
Waller, Mildred - 1928
Walls, Lisa - 1981
Walls, Scott - 1984
Wambolt, Bernard - 1925
Wambolt, Clayton - 1929
Wambolt, Marcella - 1926
Wambolt, Marjorie - 1941
Wambolt, Valeria - 1931
Ward, Wallace - 1913
Warnke, Elizabeth - 1966
Warnke, Jon - 1955
Warnke, Laura - 1961
Warnke, Richard - 1957
Warnke, Robert - 1972
Warnke, Thomas - 1977
Watt, Beulah - 1931
Watt, Blanche - 1934
Watt, Dorothy - 1934
Watt, Doyle - 1929
Weaver, Ellenora - 1920
Webb, Bruce - 1976
Welch, Arlene - 1947
Weyrens, Myrtle - 1928
White, Barbara - 1961
Whiting, Charlene - 1936
Whiting, Neil - 1937
Wicks, Beverly - 1966
Wicks, Dennis - 1963
Wicks, Donald - 1980
Wicks, Duane - 1958
Wicks, Janice - 1964
Wicks, Margaret - 1960
Wicks, Sandie - 1986
Wicks, Shari - 1979
Wicks, Stacy - 1988
Wicks, Stephen - 1983
Wiek, Ellen - 1938
Wilkening, Lorri - 1989
Wilkening, Wayne - 1986
Williams, Neoma - 1918
Williams, Nora - 1918
Wilson, Dorothy - 1938
Winklehorst, Maybelle - 1951
Winklehorst, Paul - 1947
Winklemann, Evelyn - 1929
Winklemann, Gladys - 1922
Winklemann, Lillian - 1936
Wise, Betty - 1952
Wise, Carol - 1954
Woock, Aline - 1913
Woock, Herman - 1917
Woock, Leona - 1917
Woods, Alice - 1924
Young, Clara - 1942
Young, Clarence - 1948
Young, Gary - 1974
Young, Herbert - 1972
Edith Wilson: The first lady who fooled D.C. and ran the White House
Rebecca Boggs Roberts’s ‘Untold Power’ is a riveting look at a president’s powerful spouse and her efforts to conceal his illness
Edith Bolling Galt in her electric automobile. She was the first woman to earn a D.C. driver’s license. (Library of Congress)
By Barbara A. Perry
March 29, 2023 at 8:23 a.m. MST
Unless readers are aficionados of Woodrow Wilson’s presidency, they may possess only vague knowledge that a debilitating stroke incapacitated him in his administration’s final year and that his wife Edith became the unofficial “acting president.” This intriguing tale of how a first lady, with minimal formal education and no government experience, effectively took the reins from the partially paralyzed chief executive and guided his White House, from October 1919 to March 1921, is as riveting as it is improbable.
By virtue of her DNA, author Rebecca Boggs Roberts is well acquainted with Washington’s power dynamics. The daughter of the late political commentator Cokie Roberts and granddaughter of the late House Democratic Majority Leader Hale Boggs, Rebecca also counts on her family tree grandmother Lindy, who served nine terms in Congress after Hale disappeared, and was declared dead, following a 1972 plane crash. Equally genetic, given her father Steven Roberts’s journalistic career, is Rebecca’s flair for writing crisp and engaging narratives. Her book “Untold Power: The Fascinating Rise and Complex Legacy of First Lady Edith Wilson” is quite simply a compelling yarn.
Edith Bolling Galt Wilson. (Library of Congress)
How did Edith Bolling, born and raised in Wytheville, Va., a sleepy town nestled in post-bellum Appalachia, ultimately become one of the most powerful first ladies in American history? As a teenager, she followed her married sister to Washington and embraced the cultural and social life of the booming Gay Nineties city. In 1896, she married the successful, if unexciting, owner of a thriving jewelry store who was almost a decade older than the new Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt. He died a dozen years later, leaving Edith a widow of some means at age 35, unable to bear children after her only pregnancy resulted in a difficult birth and the death of the Galts’ infant son.
Viking
Unlike most women of her era, Edith lived independently, traveling abroad when the spirit moved her, tooling around the nation’s capital in an electric automobile (as the first woman to earn a D.C. driver’s license) and eschewing large soirees for intimate dinners with extended family. She had little interest in politics, opposed women’s suffrage and declined a friend’s invitation to attend Woodrow Wilson’s 1913 inaugural parade and a presidential tea. A friend, the White House physician Cary Grayson, introduced her to the grieving president shortly after Wilson’s first wife, Ellen, died of kidney disease in the second year of his first term.
Although a strait-laced Presbyterian and stodgy academic, Wilson immediately bonded with Edith, 16 years his junior, finding her beautiful, stylish, charming and vivacious. The merry widow added gaiety to his life, and he was as smitten as a teenage schoolboy. Realizing that his lovesickness would appear unseemly so soon after his first wife’s passing, the president initially confined his ardent courtship to secret assignations with the more restrained Edith.
Roberts’s description of Wilson’s wooing springs to life through her careful research of the love notes the couple exchanged almost daily. In addition, the author skillfully deconstructs the second Mrs. Wilson’s 1939 memoir, the first book of its kind penned by a former first lady. This biography is the only one to reflect the recently transcribed memoir chapters written in Edith’s scribbled penmanship and preserved at her birthplace.
First lady Edith Wilson and President Woodrow Wilson, left, arrive in New York on Oct. 11, 1918, to take part in the Liberty Day Parade. (AP)
The Wilsons’ 1915 marriage cemented a fruitful partnership, as the president’s new spouse sustained him through World War I, accompanied him to the Paris peace talks and supported his dogged efforts to secure Senate approval of the Treaty of Versailles. Establishing what modern political scientists now label “the rhetorical presidency,” Woodrow Wilson firmly believed that he could lead Congress and the people by speaking to them directly and in person. It was his overly ambitious cross-country whistle-stop tour that exhausted the president and induced a catastrophic cerebral hemorrhage, paralyzing his left side, affecting his speech and weakening his cognitive ability.
Roberts’s storytelling soars as she leads the reader through Edith’s machinations to hide her husband’s disabilities while maintaining his White House’s functions. She manipulated the Cabinet, Vice President Thomas Marshall and members of Congress to disguise the worst of the president’s symptoms, while making it appear that he maintained control over his faculties and public policy. She literally became his left hand, holding down documents as he signed them with his dominant and unaffected right hand.
From his 1919 stroke until his death in 1924, Edith Wilson maintained the fiction that her husband was functioning normally. She spent the remainder of her long life promoting his legacy as an advocate for freedom at home and abroad. One of her last public appearances, before her death in December 1961 at age 89, was to meet with President John F. Kennedy in the Oval Office when he signed the bill creating the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Commission.
First lady Eleanor Roosevelt, left, and former first lady Edith Wilson attend a Girl Scouts exhibit in Washington in 1934, holding jars of marmalade made by the Scouts. (AP)
In that sense, Edith was no different from all the modern first ladies (including Eleanor Roosevelt, Mamie Eisenhower, Jacqueline Kennedy, Pat Nixon, Nancy Reagan and Hillary Clinton) who supported their debilitated husbands, laid low by illness or scandal, and tried to solidify their legacies if they outlived them. Yet even the influential Roosevelt and Clinton never became “acting presidents.” As Roberts relates, it was JFK’s assassination that prompted the 25th Amendment’s ratification in 1967, providing for the vice president to assume the presidency upon the chief executive’s documented incapacitation. We can be grateful that Edith Wilson’s unprecedented and unofficial substitution for her husband demonstrated the need for such a constitutional remedy for presidential illness.
Barbara A. Perry, the Gerald L. Baliles professor and presidential studies director at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, is the author of “Jacqueline Kennedy: First Lady of the New Frontier” and “Rose Kennedy: The Life and Times of a Political Matriarch.”
Untold Power
The Fascinating Rise and Complex Legacy of First Lady Edith Wilson
By Rebecca Boggs Roberts
Viking. 302 pp. $30
Barbara A. Perry, the Gerald L. Baliles professor and presidential studies director at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, is the author of “Jacqueline Kennedy: First Lady of the New Frontier” and “Rose Kennedy: The Life and Times of a Political Matriarch.”
from Vernon Military Camp - / 31 B.C. HORSE 31 / JUN 9 1913 / ORDERLY ROOM / - large double ring marking (outer ring thick / inner ring thin) in pinkish red ink.
The only reported copy of the 31st B.C. Horse / Orderly Room cachet dated - 9 June 1913 and mailed from Vernon, B.C. - 9 June 1913 and tied by the duplex cancellation.
- mailed from - / VERNON / AM / JUN 9 / 13 / B.C. / - duplex cancel
30th and 31st BC Horse - The 30th BC Horse was initially under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel C.L. Bott, a veteran of the South African War. The regiment, with headquarters in Vernon, consisted of “A” Squadron from Lumby and Coldstream, “B” Squadron from Vernon, “C” Squadron from Armstrong and Enderby, and “D” squadron out of Kelowna. At the outbreak of war in 1914, the 30th BC Horse was mobilized and brought up to strength. (The 31st BC Horse was headquartered in Merritt.) Orders were received in November that the 30th BCH would amalgamate with an independent Squadron of Horse at Willows Camp in Victoria, BC, to form an overseas unit, the 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles. The 2nd CMR Regiment won ten battle honours. Two members of the regiment, Captain John MacGregor and Major George Randolph Pearkes, won the Victoria Cross. A third VC, Gordon Flowerdew, started with the BC Horse but was serving with Lord Strathcona’s Horse when he was posthumously awarded the medal.
Clipped from - Daily News Advertiser newspaper - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada - 8 June 1913 - MANY TROOPS ARE NOW UNDER TRAINING - Vernon Camp Is In Full Swing .and Troops Are Settling Down to Hard Work - Seven Hundred Men Are Present at Military Camp Vernon, B. C., June 7. 1913. The camp at Vernon is now in full swing and the troops have settled down to actual work. Rifle practice, skirmishing and field work is being carried on. The following units are in camp: 30th and 31st Regiments B.C. Horse, along with many others - LINK to the complete article - www.newspapers.com/clip/94019592/vernon-camp-is-in-full-s...
The camp provides a temporary home for 700 men and officers for twelve days training; and is complete in every detail. The military town is located on the rising ground to the south of Vernon, the hills all round being covered with bunchgrass making an ideal spot for the training of cavalry regiments. Water and light have been provided by the City of Vernon. and the officers and men are provided with much conveniences as the conditions will admit.
Clipped from - The Inland Sentinel newspaper - Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada - 14 June 1913 - Return of The Military From Vernon Camp - The military element was strong in the City this morning for uniform-clad figures were everywhere apparent. The members of the B.C. Horse and R.M.R. were returning from camp at Vernon, everyone of them sunburnt and full of health and spirits. LINK to the complete article - www.newspapers.com/clip/94019731/return-of-the-military-f...
Message on postcard reads: Vernon, B.C. - Dear Mother, How are you all - it is a long time since I have written to you. Ettie (his wife Esther) was very upset at my going to camp and I will be very glad to get home again but I like the camp in a way. From your affectionate son - Will
Edward William "Will" Lionel Veale
(b. 28 May 1890 in Churchbridge, Saskatchewan - d. 31 December 1986 at age 96 in Kelowna, British Columbia) - his occupation - rancher - LINK to more information - www.genealogy.com/ftm/v/e/a/Doug-J-Veale-BC/WEBSITE-0001/...
His wife (1) - Esther "Ettie" (nee Horrocks) Veale
(b. 11 May 1888 in Manchester, England - d. 17 February 1949 at age 60 in Merritt, British Columbia) - they were married - 1 March 1913 in Yale, B.C.
His wife (2) - Janet Reed (nee McCrone) Veale
(b. 23 August 1896 in South Africa - d. 26 September 1968 at age 72 in Kamloops, British Columbia) - they were married sometime after 1940.
Addressed to his mother: Mrs Veale / Yale / B.C.
His mother - Alice Augusta "Cogan" Veale (daughter of William Bamfield Cogan and Elizabeth Rogers) - (b. 18 September 1867 in Clifton, Bristol, England - d. 3 July 1949 at age 81 in Salmon Arm, British Columbia) - she married John Roger de Coverley Veale on - 3 July 1889 in Churchbridge, Saskatchewan (Assinaboia). LINK to more information - www.genealogy.com/ftm/v/e/a/Doug-J-Veale-BC/WEBSITE-0001/...
His father - John Roger de Coverley Veale - son of Edward John deCoverly Veale and Rebecca (Rebekah) Woodhouse.
(b. 18 August 1859 in Clifton, Bristol, England - d. 17 January 1935 at age 75 in Salmon Arm, British Columbia).
In May of 1911 32 head of milk cows were purchased in Chilliwack, B.C. and moved to the homestead but several of them died from loco weed milk vetch poisoning during the summer. They lost eight cows in one day. Tragedy struck the family in August when Grace died in the Kamloops hospital and was burried at the homestead. In the fall of 1911 the family moved to Merritt, B.C. for the winter. They spent the following summer at the homestead and the winter of 1912/13 in Yale, B.C. where John obtained a position with the CPR as a time keeper. They attended their eldest sons wedding in Yale on March 1st, 1913. During the summer of 1912 John and Alice and family were burnt out of their home in Yale and resorted to living in a tent for a short spell. He was to move frequently throughout the Frazer Valley in this position until they returned to the homestead in the Spring of 1914. LINK to the complete article - www.genealogy.com/ftm/v/e/a/Doug-J-Veale-BC/WEBSITE-0001/...
It appears a fire escape was added to the north side of the school somewhere between 1910 and 1918.
List of graduates by year and last name.
Brown, Eugene - 1906
Davis, Thayer - 1906
Fritcher, Mabel - 1906
Olson, Carl - 1906
Hunter, Ailene - 1907
Larson, Esther - 1907
Lee, Agnes - 1907
Cohen, Josie - 1909
Davis, Tom - 1909
Englebretson, Selma - 1909
Felion, Arthur - 1909
Hansen, Anna - 1909
Ramsdell, Myrtle - 1909
Briggs, Vera - 1910
Burrows, Eunice - 1910
Cohen, Lena - 1910
Harding, Daisy - 1910
Larson, Ernest - 1910
Miller, Matilda - 1910
Shere, Sara - 1910
Ames, Harry A - 1911
Cohen, Bertha D - 1911
Giles, Ruby E - 1911
Peterson, John W. - 1911
Peterson, Rose C - 1911
Rhodes, Ruth E - 1911
Cohen, Joseph - 1912
Elliot, Grace - 1912
Floodeen, Ferry - 1912
Gleason, Delia - 1912
Holland, Alice - 1912
Hunter, Marjorie - 1912
Klienegger, Marian - 1912
Van Cleve, Harold - 1912
Abromowitz, Lena - 1913
Brooks, Leon - 1913
Daily, Helen - 1913
Englebretson, Esther - 1913
Floodeen, Eddy - 1913
Merrill, Hazel - 1913
Pelett, Ruby - 1913
Peterson, Lillian - 1913
Putnam, Ida - 1913
Rice, Bertina - 1913
Theriault, Denis - 1913
Ward, Wallace - 1913
Woock, Aline - 1913
Abromowitz, Belle - 1914
Flavell, Winnie - 1914
Gleason, Lynn - 1914
Jenson, Julien - 1914
Larson, Vienna - 1914
Moore, Calla - 1914
Oliver, Eli - 1914
Porter, Rufus - 1914
Shere, Lewis - 1914
Barber, Vernon B - 1915
Dewey, Cecyl M - 1915
Flavell, Agnes J - 1915
Lockwood, Maude M. - 1915
Lorenz, Willard - 1915
McBride, Harold - 1915
Merrill, James A - 1915
Peterson, John C. - 1915
Rice, Josephine - 1915
Rodman, Duane E - 1915
Rodman, Willis L - 1915
Scott, Ambie A - 1915
Shere, Jennie B - 1915
Teeple, Georgia - 1915
Anderson, Signe - 1916
Foley, Tom - 1916
Hoff, Inez - 1916
Munson, Marie - 1916
Nordquist, Toddes - 1916
Roesten, Walter - 1916
Swanson, Paul - 1916
Flavell, Gertrude - 1917
Foley, William - 1917
Morton, Amy - 1917
Preston, Rose - 1917
Rice, Carl - 1917
Rodman, Donna - 1917
Saeks, Aaron - 1917
Woock, Herman - 1917
Woock, Leona - 1917
Cunningham, Mabel - 1918
Peterson, Clara - 1918
Simcox, Berniece - 1918
Vaerst, Alida - 1918
Vaerst, Carl - 1918
Williams, Neoma - 1918
Williams, Nora - 1918
Erickson, Genard - 1919
Sliter, Olive - 1919
Baker, Cyril - 1920
Fogelberg, Hattie - 1920
Nelson, Esther - 1920
Sheppard, Ray - 1920
Weaver, Ellenora - 1920
Arnold, Florence - 1921
Englebretson, Alice - 1921
Fritts, Mildred - 1921
Good, Norma - 1921
Haight, Gladys M - 1921
Johnson, Clara - 1921
Johnson, Minnie - 1921
Lundgren, Oscar - 1921
Perske, Vivian - 1921
Saeks, Jennie - 1921
Butler, Naida - 1922
Elphic, Grace - 1922
Felion, Roderick (Roderc?) - 1922
Good, Merle - 1922
Hunter, Louis - 1922
Rabbit, Magdaline - 1922
Seiter, Agnes - 1922
Walker, Eleanor - 1922
Winklemann, Gladys - 1922
Butler, lona - 1923
Haas, Herman - 1923
Hubbard, Mabel (Mrs.) - 1923
Lemon, Grant - 1923
Robinson, Olive - 1923
Sadler, Dorothy - 1923
Soli, Albert - 1923
Talbot, Nina - 1923
Bell, Ida - 1924
Daniels, Pauline - 1924
Dobson, Robert - 1924
Fritts, Ruth - 1924
Gleason, Melvina - 1924
Gleason, Wayne - 1924
Haas, Mabel - 1924
Kinnon, Lucille - 1924
LaMois, Francis - 1924
Lithio, Virgil - 1924
Nelson, Mabel - 1924
Patton, Liston - 1924
Saeks, Max - 1924
Todd, Margerie - 1924
Walker, Margerie - 1924
Woods, Alice - 1924
Bell, Florence - 1925
Bombach, Evelyn - 1925
Dent, William - 1925
Dighton, Grace - 1925
Englebretson, Eddie - 1925
Fillbrandt, Louisa - 1925
Forester, William - 1925
Fritts, Eugene - 1925
Mitchell, Esther - 1925
Murray, Robert - 1925
Rabbit, Viola - 1925
Sandeen, Margaret - 1925
Scheers, Marian - 1925
Soli, Myrtle - 1925
Staffsberg, Henrietta - 1925
Staffsberg, Jennie - 1925
Wambolt, Bernard - 1925
Axelson, Willis - 1926
Clark, Mary - 1926
Dippold, Mary - 1926
Erickson, Sadie - 1926
Fogelberg, Alma - 1926
Lyons, Idella - 1926
Perske, Theone - 1926
Saeks, Rose - 1926
Wambolt, Marcella - 1926
Boyd, Edwin - 1927
Engleking, Muriel - 1927
Hysing, Kenneth - 1927
Longfellow, Kendall - 1927
Marble, Hugh - 1927
Moore, Eva - 1927
Moore, Mildred - 1927
Oliver, Donald - 1927
Waller, Eloise - 1927
Allen, Frances - 1928
Andress, Raymond - 1928
Brean, Willis - 1928
Clark, Shirley - 1928
Dahlquist, Ruth - 1928
Gould, Louis - 1928
Skoog, Gladys - 1928
Waller, Mildred - 1928
Weyrens, Myrtle - 1928
Allen, Helen - 1929
Bohmbach, Wallace - 1929
Davis, Isabelle - 1929
Fritts, Warren - 1929
Holland, Clarence - 1929
Murray, Marjorie - 1929
Obenland, Mae - 1929
Obenland, Virginia - 1929
Profant, Mike - 1929
Ramsdell, Ailene - 1929
Rehard, Marguerite - 1929
Rich, Beryl - 1929
Wambolt, Clayton - 1929
Watt, Doyle - 1929
Winklemann, Evelyn - 1929
Andress, Gladys - 1930
Evenson, Joseph - 1930
Hackett, Dale - 1930
Hysing, Vergyl - 1930
Mitchell, Esperance - 1930
Olafson, Jennie - 1930
Smith, Lily - 1930
Davis, Jack - 1931
Fillbrandt, Ella - 1931
Hasbrook, Leonard - 1931
Johnson, Edith - 1931
Lang, Loretta - 1931
Nordquist, Ralph - 1931
Peterson, Florence - 1931
Skoog, Esther - 1931
Skoog, Evelyn - 1931
Skoog, Ole - 1931
Strand, Helen - 1931
Wambolt, Valeria - 1931
Watt, Beulah - 1931
Archer, Raymond - 1932
Dahlquist, Mildred - 1932
Davies, Herbert - 1932
Dobson, Orville - 1932
Engleking, Audrey - 1932
Johnson, Esther - 1932
Kvenbo, Helen - 1932
Menning, Agnes - 1932
Miller, Earl - 1932
Nichols, Ardyce - 1932
Rich, Arthur - 1932
Brean, Frances - 1933
Clason, Jack - 1933
Dahms, Joan - 1933
Johnson, Axel - 1933
Johnson, Fred - 1933
Katzenburger (Mastny), Milo - 1933
Kurtz, Dorothy - 1933
Malerich, Joseph - 1933
McClain, Cecil - 1933
Menning, Rosie - 1933
Soli, Jennie - 1933
Allen, Marvin - 1934
Carlson, Iver - 1934
Clark, Lela - 1934
Johnson, Carl - 1934
Rich, Robert - 1934
Robinson, Melvin - 1934
Todd, Wesley - 1934
Watt, Blanche - 1934
Watt, Dorothy - 1934
Amundson, Clara - 1935
Dahlquist, Ralph - 1935
Dobson, Lucille - 1935
Felion, Art - 1935
Felion, Marcelle - 1935
Gustafson, Dwight - 1935
Hysing, Duane - 1935
Knott, Norma - 1935
Lang, Elmer - 1935
Miller, Delbert - 1935
Regan, Jerry - 1935
Sliter, Cathryn - 1935
Struck, Jack - 1935
Bellanger, Ruth - 1936
Clark, Russell - 1936
Fritts, Lucille - 1936
Jesperson, Ivar - 1936
Palmberg, Frank - 1936
Sargent, Helen - 1936
Skoog, Myrtle - 1936
Voshell, Robert - 1936
Whiting, Charlene - 1936
Winklemann, Lillian - 1936
Amundson, Milton - 1937
Axelson, Doris - 1937
Bennett, Keith - 1937
Brown, Ada - 1937
Felion, Thomas - 1937
Granrud, Elnora - 1937
Jesperson, Carrie - 1937
Johnson, Helen - 1937
Johnson, Roy - 1937
Kastner, Helen - 1937
Knott, Mabel - 1937
Lennberg, Roy - 1937
Profant, George - 1937
Whiting, Neil - 1937
Dobson, Harriet - 1938
Ekblad, Eva - 1938
Elavsky, Vivian - 1938
Graybeal, Esther - 1938
Harwood, Joyce - 1938
Holland, Ralph - 1938
Jesperson, Selma - 1938
Johnson, Merton - 1938
Johnson, Nathan - 1938
La Barge, Elizabeth - 1938
Nelson, Carl - 1938
Olson, Theone - 1938
Teigen, Olga - 1938
Todd, Neal - 1938
Wiek, Ellen - 1938
Wilson, Dorothy - 1938
Ammerman, Hurley - 1939
Amundson, Ethel - 1939
Beach, Fred - 1939
Clark, Anna Gail - 1939
Clark, Elsie - 1939
Felion, Jerome - 1939
Golberg, Ernest - 1939
Ingram, Laurence - 1939
Johnson, Madelyn - 1939
Kelsey, Wilma - 1939
Kerwin, Roy - 1939
La Barge, Walter - 1939
Lee, Leona - 1939
Leeseberg, Virginia - 1939
McAllister, Doris - 1939
Nelson, Edrodean - 1939
Olafson, Nels - 1939
Olson, Marion - 1939
Parks, Elmer - 1939
Roren, Doris - 1939
Sheppard, Bernice - 1939
Shook, Helen - 1939
Andress, Ruth - 1940
Bennett, Holly - 1940
Criss, John - 1940
Crookshank, Fern - 1940
Dahms, Walter - 1940
Davis, Alvin - 1940
Dimmer, LeRoy - 1940
Goehring, Ruth - 1940
Jesperson, Agnes - 1940
Kansier, Doris - 1940
Kerwin, Kenneth - 1940
Lemke, Mavis - 1940
Lemon, Charles - 1940
Mokrzycki, Laura - 1940
Olafson, Clarence - 1940
Pennington, Victor - 1940
Peterson, Elsie - 1940
Piepkorn, Lillian - 1940
Roetman, Tim - 1940
Sachow, Janice - 1940
Squires, Naomi - 1940
Thorne, Clinton - 1940
Doppler, Helene - 1941
Doppler, Laura - 1941
Duffy, Irene - 1941
Felion, James - 1941
Ford, Henry - 1941
Fordyce, Marian - 1941
Harris, James - 1941
Kansier, Donald - 1941
LaMois, Loyd - 1941
Lee, Clara - 1941
Matteson, Dale - 1941
Meier, Orphelia - 1941
Modahl, Bertha - 1941
Nickeson, Geraldine - 1941
Peterson, Lewis - 1941
Peterson, Oscar - 1941
Peterson, Ruth - 1941
Semmler, Ewald - 1941
Todd, Donald - 1941
Vredenberg, Irene - 1941
Wambolt, Marjorie - 1941
Amundson, Myron - 1942
Andress, Charlotte - 1942
Andress, Isabelle - 1942
Andress, Ramona - 1942
Beach, Roland - 1942
Case, Pauline - 1942
Chapman, Betty - 1942
Dahms, Rose Mary - 1942
Doppler, Anthony - 1942
Elavsky, Mike - 1942
Gack, Leona - 1942
Golberg, Irene - 1942
Gustafson, Emil John - 1942
Kelly, Dick - 1942
Lee, Marie - 1942
Leeseberg, Mary - 1942
Olson, Deltha - 1942
Roetman, Cathryn - 1942
Senkel, Phyllis - 1942
Sloan, Lorene - 1942
Staehnke, Clell - 1942
Todd, Bazil - 1942
Young, Clara - 1942
Boettcher, Arletta - 1943
Disselbrett, Delores - 1943
Golberg, Marjorie - 1943
Gustafson, Donald - 1943
Hayes, Tom - 1943
Hurst, David - 1943
Ingman, Fern - 1943
Karlsgodt, Herman - 1943
Kastner, Irene - 1943
Lemon, Sarah - 1943
Malerich, Mary - 1943
Nielsen, Mabel - 1943
Potter, Myrna - 1943
Richmond, Renus - 1943
Roder, Richard - 1943
Wagner, William - 1943
Biessener, Mary - 1944
Boettcher, Dorothy - 1944
Condon, Mary - 1944
Dobson, Keith - 1944
Elavsky, Mary - 1944
Jesperson, Elmer - 1944
Karlsgodt, Eindred - 1944
Leeseberg, Phyllis - 1944
Lennberg, Virginia - 1944
Olafson, Margaret - 1944
Olson, Phyllis - 1944
Peterson, Helen - 1944
Ridlon, Pearl - 1944
Sandquist, Imogene - 1944
Schenecker, Joyce - 1944
Sloan, Delores - 1944
Todd, Joseph - 1944
Anderson, Anna - 1945
Becvar, Kathleen - 1945
Dobson, Loyd - 1945
Hayes, James - 1945
Mason, Eunice - 1945
May, Betty - 1945
Nielsen, Mildred - 1945
Sliter, Shirley - 1945
Biessener, Louise - 1946
Boettcher, Catherine - 1946
Boettcher, Frances - 1946
Booth, Phyllis - 1946
Bradt, Donna Bell - 1946
Golberg, Ted - 1946
Hanson, Violet - 1946
Jesperson, Nellie - 1946
Matteson, Douglas - 1946
Schenecker, Phyllis - 1946
Todd, Beverly - 1946
Vanden Eykel, Henry - 1946
Andress, Virginia - 1947
Boettcher, Maurine - 1947
Boettcher, Maxine Donna - 1947
Brault, Bernice - 1947
Cary, Irene - 1947
Dahms, Robert - 1947
Doppler, Charles - 1947
Elavsky, John - 1947
Galles, Jean - 1947
Harding, Lila - 1947
Hurst, Ardyth - 1947
Hurst, Elaine - 1947
Mitchell, Mildred - 1947
Modahl, Gladys - 1947
Peterson, Irene - 1947
Sladkey, Franklin - 1947
Todd, Jack - 1947
Vos, Eileen - 1947
Welch, Arlene - 1947
Winklehorst, Paul - 1947
Biessener, Marjorie - 1948
Booth, Rodby - 1948
Case, David - 1948
Czeczok, Margaret - 1948
Dobson, Vivian - 1948
Golberg, Marian - 1948
Hayes, Anna Mae - 1948
Hiserote, Gene - 1948
Holland, Marilyn - 1948
Jesperson, Jennie - 1948
Lemon, Joyce - 1948
Melby, David - 1948
Moore, Lois - 1948
Staffenhagen, Alfred - 1948
Young, Clarence - 1948
Bradt, Darlene - 1949
Brault, Neva - 1949
Burns, Beverly - 1949
Case, Phyllis - 1949
Childs, David - 1949
Culver, Marion - 1949
Ellsworth, David - 1949
Gustafson, Branson - 1949
Kriens, Kathleen - 1949
Kuckler, Betty - 1949
Leeseberg, Elizabeth - 1949
Lemke, Clinton - 1949
Lundgren, Raymond - 1949
Peterson, Walter - 1949
Schilman, Orvil - 1949
Biessener, Irene - 1950
Boettcher, Joyce - 1950
Brault, Arthur - 1950
Case, Norma - 1950
Czeczok, Lorraine - 1950
Galles, James - 1950
Gregg, Jane - 1950
Hart, Louis - 1950
Holland, Vernon - 1950
Howard, Robert - 1950
Kelsey, Betty - 1950
Luft, Leo - 1950
Mason, Jean - 1950
Modahl, Stanley - 1950
Olson, Glorrayne - 1950
Olson, Helmer - 1950
Parks, Albert - 1950
Peterson, Lawrence - 1950
Peterson, Marvin - 1950
Schmiedeberg, DeLoris - 1950
Schroeder, Donald - 1950
Stiffler, Shirley - 1950
Baesler, Laverne - 1951
Beckerleg, Mary Lou - 1951
Bennington, Rosalie - 1951
Case, Carol - 1951
Ellsworth, Doris - 1951
Gack, Irma - 1951
Geiger, Bette - 1951
Hildreth, Cecelia - 1951
Hurst, Stanley - 1951
Kelsey, Ben - 1951
Kuckler, Donna - 1951
Mitchelll, Jim - 1951
Modahl, Donald - 1951
Moore, Robert - 1951
Moore, Shirley - 1951
Peterson, George - 1951
Poncelet, Margaret - 1951
Vredenburg, Rozella - 1951
Winklehorst, Maybelle - 1951
Anderson, Una - 1952
Baldwin, Viola - 1952
Brault, Beatrice - 1952
Chase, Kenneth - 1952
Clark, Carol - 1952
Geiger, Donald - 1952
Goble, Deloris - 1952
Gustafson, Lillian - 1952
Hart, Jean - 1952
Hudson, Della - 1952
Karl, Louis - 1952
Kelsey, Kathryn - 1952
Knott, Ruth - 1952
Kocurek, Nina - 1952
May, Donald - 1952
Nauber, Margaret - 1952
Peterson, Janice - 1952
Ryan, Donna - 1952
Staffenhagen, Orville - 1952
Wise, Betty - 1952
Anderson, Ardith - 1953
Axelson, Larry - 1953
Bayman, Delores - 1953
Biessener, Jerome - 1953
Biessener, Kathryn - 1953
Bly, Wayne - 1953
Case, Alice - 1953
Fordyce, Patricia - 1953
Haring, Garold - 1953
Howard, Margie - 1953
Leeseberg, William - 1953
Lenander, Carole - 1953
Luft, Raymond - 1953
Modahl, Walter - 1953
Moore, Beverly - 1953
Moore, Dale - 1953
Nielsen, Joyce - 1953
Obenland, Roland - 1953
Olafson, Ralph - 1953
Parks, Donald - 1953
Ridlon, Ella - 1953
Schilman, Margaret - 1953
Vik, Lorna - 1953
Axelson, Patricia - 1954
Biggin, Roberta - 1954
Bohmbach, Norman - 1954
Ellsworth, Dorothy - 1954
Hart, Carolyn - 1954
Ingman, Joanne - 1954
Kocurek, Nancy - 1954
Leeseberg, Richard - 1954
Moore, Lana - 1954
Nauber, Josephine - 1954
Roetman, Alvin - 1954
Sackett, Elaine , - 1954
Schmiedeberg, Daralene - 1954
Schroeder, Joyce - 1954
Schroeder, Myrna - 1954
Wise, Carol - 1954
Andress, Robert - 1955
Benson, Ray - 1955
Bohmbach, Vivian - 1955
Case, Edward - 1955
Chase, Eugene - 1955
Gack, Burton - 1955
Geiger, Jennifer - 1955
Golberg, Betty - 1955
Hinds, Lee - 1955
Keating, Edward - 1955
Knott, Matt - 1955
Kovach, Martha - 1955
Kriens, Bernard - 1955
Lenander, Edward - 1955
Luft, Mary - 1955
May, Billie - 1955
May, James - 1955
Olson, Roselyn - 1955
Parks, Shirley - 1955
Poncelet, Jerome - 1955
Skoog, Lillian - 1955
Stiffler, Glen - 1955
Vik, Audrey - 1955
Voshell, Kenneth - 1955
Warnke, Jon - 1955
Anderson, Wayne - 1956
Archer, Janice - 1956
Baldwin, Shirley - 1956
Biessener, Bernard - 1956
Bohmbach, Carole - 1956
Cafourek, Alfred - 1956
Case, Nancy - 1956
Disselbrett, Chester - 1956
Kocurek, Woodrow - 1956
Lamb, Frank - 1956
Lemon, Jane - 1956
Lenander, Sonja - 1956
Modahl, Melvin - 1956
Nauber, Warren - 1956
Parks, Harold - 1956
Rich, Sandra - 1956
Schroeder, Raymond - 1956
Andress, Lois - 1957
Andress, Myrna - 1957
Blood, Dennis - 1957
Case, Michael - 1957
Cunningham, Merle - 1957
Elavsky, Ruth - 1957
Gack, Shirley - 1957
Goehring, Geraldine - 1957
Gotschall, Robert - 1957
Hendricks, Jon - 1957
Jesperson, Leonard - 1957
Johnson, Jerry - 1957
Kelsey, Nancy - 1957
Myers, Joseph - 1957
Oelschlager, Gerald - 1957
Poncelet, Cecelia - 1957
Schilman, Ida - 1957
Shay, Marilyn - 1957
Van Dyk, Judy - 1957
Vik, Gary - 1957
Warnke, Richard - 1957
Archer, Stanley - 1958
Benson, Paul - 1958
Bohmbach, Lorraine - 1958
Erickson, Marie - 1958
Jackson, Melvin - 1958
Lamb, Karl - 1958
Lenander, Ray - 1958
LePouce, Jackie - 1958
Menning, Duane - 1958
Miller, LeRoy - 1958
Moore, Ernie - 1958
Nauber, Donald - 1958
Schaper, Patricia - 1958
Schroeder, Betty - 1958
Voshell, Albert - 1958
Wicks, Duane - 1958
Benson, Earl - 1959
Biessener, Lorraine - 1959
Bird, Calvin - 1959
Case, Sharon - 1959
Cirks, Gary - 1959
Cunningham, Elton - 1959
Dunham, Jeanne - 1959
Egeland, Larry - 1959
Erickson, Minerva - 1959
Gustad, Karen - 1959
Harris, Sandra - 1959
Hendricks, Clifford - 1959
Miller, JoAnn - 1959
Poncelet, Elizabeth - 1959
Schmiedeberg, DeWayne - 1959
Andress, Keith - 1960
Blood, Charles - 1960
Chase, David - 1960
Cunningham, Carole - 1960
Ellsworth, JoAnn - 1960
Gustad, Carol - 1960
Holland, LeRoy - 1960
Kovach, John - 1960
Kramer, Iris - 1960
Kuckler, Carol - 1960
Kuckler, Carol - 1960
Lenander, William - 1960
Lennberg, William - 1960
May, Clifford - 1960
Oelschlager, Irene - 1960
Poncelet, John - 1960
Schroeder, Kenneth - 1960
Skoog, Karen - 1960
Voshell, Carol - 1960
Wicks, Margaret - 1960
Benson, Enid , - 1961
Case, Richard - 1961
Conley, Joseph - 1961
Evertz, Laura - 1961
Farrington, Robert - 1961
Hendricks, Gary - 1961
Peterson, Sharon - 1961
Poncelet, William - 1961
Sandquist, Ralph - 1961
Schmiedeberg, Donna - 1961
Schroeder, Patricia - 1961
Scouton, James - 1961
Warnke, Laura - 1961
White, Barbara - 1961
Bixby, Randall - 1962
Conley, Larry - 1962
Ebaugh, Rosalind - 1962
Erickson, Barbara - 1962
Golberg, Sharon - 1962
Hamm, Jim - 1962
Holland, Neil - 1962
Jarva, Carol - 1962
Johnson, Carol - 1962
Johnson, Joan - 1962
Knott, Grace - 1962
Kramer, Joan - 1962
Lenander, Carol - 1962
Malerich, Charles - 1962
Myers, Edith - 1962
Nauber, Elizabeth - 1962
Oelschlager, Charles - 1962
Phillips, Barbara - 1962
Rich, Larry - 1962
Shay, Edward - 1962
Skoog, Robert - 1962
Bennor, Doris - 1963
Conley, Frances - 1963
Ebaugh, Richard - 1963
Erickson, William - 1963
Farrington, James - 1963
Gack, Myron - 1963
Harris, Susan - 1963
Hendricks, William - 1963
Jadwin, Gary - 1963
Kovach, Thomas - 1963
Lenander, Diane - 1963
Lish, Peter - 1963
Poncelet, Mary - 1963
Wicks, Dennis - 1963
Bixby, Linda - 1964
Case, Sandra - 1964
Disselbrett, Arrol - 1964
Goodman, Harley - 1964
Jarman, Vicki - 1964
Kastner, William - 1964
Kramer, Tom - 1964
Oelschlager, Audrey - 1964
Opheim, Audrey - 1964
Resendiz, Oscar - 1964
Stiffler, Larry - 1964
Wicks, Janice - 1964
Beckerleg, Kathleen - 1965
Brady, Michael - 1965
Dalen, Darlene - 1965
Dunham, John - 1965
Egeland, Claudia - 1965
Evertz, Barbara - 1965
Gack, Beverly - 1965
Gitchel, Violet - 1965
Golberg, Lynne - 1965
Gustad, Robert - 1965
Harms, Steve - 1965
Harris, James - 1965
Houchin, Daniel - 1965
Johnson, Bonnie - 1965
Johnson, Orville - 1965
Malerich, Thomas - 1965
Matteson, Sherry - 1965
Nauber, Ruth - 1965
Oelschlager, Sharon - 1965
Poncelet, Charles - 1965
Regnier, Frances - 1965
Resendiz, Humbert - 1965
Rich, Charles - 1965
Schroeder, Ronald - 1965
Vik, Sandra - 1965
Bennor, Barbara - 1966
Conley, Thomas - 1966
Dalen, Ella Mae - 1966
Erickson, Mary - 1966
Farrington, Dennis - 1966
Goehring, Raymond - 1966
Goehring, Ronald - 1966
Golberg, Ronald - 1966
Grimler, Kathleen - 1966
Gunkel, Louise - 1966
Hartman, Larry - 1966
Jarva, Marlys - 1966
Lenander, Linda - 1966
Richmond, Arthur - 1966
Semmler, Mikel - 1966
Thompson, Linda - 1966
Warnke, Elizabeth - 1966
Wicks, Beverly - 1966
Andress, Sheila - 1967
Andress, Sheryl - 1967
Brown, Richard - 1967
Dippold, George - 1967
Dunham, Jim - 1967
Gack, Delores - 1967
Goehring, James - 1967
Grimler, Clara - 1967
Holland, Carolyn - 1967
Jarman, Steve - 1967
Johnson, Philip - 1967
Kelsey, Suzanne - 1967
Kramer, Loren - 1967
Kramer, Susan - 1967
Olafson, Terri - 1967
Olatson, Terri - 1967
Regnier, Mary - 1967
Resch, Phil - 1967
Resendiz, Gilbert - 1967
Case, Linda - 1968
Erickson, James - 1968
Erickson, John - 1968
Gack, Meri - 1968
Hamand, John - 1968
Jones, Karen - 1968
Kramer, Mary - 1968
Negen, Charlotte, Mrs (Lecy) - 1968
Oelschlager, Dorthy - 1968
Olson, Harold - 1968
Regnier, Joseph C, VI - 1968
Semmler, Diane - 1968
Semmler, Linda - 1968
Andress, Pam - 1969
Brown, Carmen - 1969
Gack, LaRae - 1969
Gitchel, Kenneth - 1969
Goehring, Shirley - 1969
Gunkel, Janelle - 1969
Kramer, Kenneth - 1969
Lenander, David - 1969
Lennberg, Otto - 1969
Nelson, Judy - 1969
Oelschlager, Larry - 1969
Resch, Wayne - 1969
Rich, Jon - 1969
Semmler, Danny - 1969
Shay, Tom - 1969
Vik, Linda - 1969
Beck, Tom - 1970
Buck, Cina - 1970
DeMars, Frances - 1970
Dunham, Laurel - 1970
Hayes, Joan - 1970
Herdina, Jeanette - 1970
Johnson, Peggy - 1970
Kelsey, RoxAnne - 1970
Kubat, Cyndi - 1970
Olafson, Steve - 1970
Opheim, Ernest - 1970
Pennington, Gae - 1970
Pennington, Gail - 1970
Semmler, Beverly - 1970
Struss, Jerry - 1970
Vanden Eykel, Molly - 1970
Beck, Barb - 1971
Bowman, Lee - 1971
Carlson, John - 1971
Hamand, Claudia - 1971
Harms, Pam - 1971
Hayes, Jim - 1971
Kriens, David - 1971
Nelson, Patty - 1971
Olson, John - 1971
Roetman, Gail - 1971
Stanger, Debbie - 1971
Beckerleg, Susan - 1972
Benson, Betty - 1972
Buck, Denice - 1972
Erickson, Tom - 1972
Gunkel, Darcy - 1972
Johnson, Alan - 1972
Kelsey, Linda - 1972
Koehnen, Jeffrey - 1972
Lecy, Daniel - 1972
McLaury, Donald - 1972
Moore, Thomas - 1972
Nauber, Judith - 1972
Olafson, Talaine - 1972
Semmler, Richard - 1972
Spain, Patricia - 1972
Splittstoesser, Diane - 1972
Stanger, Steve - 1972
Struss, Rosanne - 1972
Tatro, Eugenia - 1972
Taylor, Helen - 1972
Teele, Steven - 1972
Vanden Eykel, Betty - 1972
Vredenburg, Ricky - 1972
Warnke, Robert - 1972
Young, Herbert - 1972
Beckerleg, Jane - 1973
Dunham, Audrey - 1973
Fagerman, Dawn - 1973
Farrington, Cindy - 1973
Gack, Bob - 1973
Hamand, Jim - 1973
Hanson, Debbie - 1973
Hartman, Milo - 1973
Kriens, Denice - 1973
Kubat, Rosie - 1973
Nelson, Jim - 1973
Olson, Donna - 1973
Peterson, Ray - 1973
Regnier, Frank . - 1973
Roetman, Steve - 1973
Semmler, Gary - 1973
Semmler, Keith - 1973
Semmler, Rita Brown - 1973
Semmler, Ron - 1973
Shay, Dave - 1973
Spanjers, Donna - 1973
Struss, Gail - 1973
Tatro, Jerry - 1973
Vredenberg, Marvin - 1973
Barron, Raimond - 1974
Bennor, Betty - 1974
Boettcher, Diane - 1974
Chase, Chris - 1974
Erickson, Donna - 1974
Golberg, Jeff - 1974
Grimler, Paul - 1974
Gunkel, Carrie - 1974
Gutierrez, Jeff - 1974
Hakala, Sue - 1974
Hanson, Ed - 1974
Heldman, Gail - 1974
Holland, Marlys - 1974
Johnson, Lee - 1974
Kelsey, Frank - 1974
Kriens, Bruce - 1974
Nelson, Barb - 1974
Plotz, Terry - 1974
Regnier, Joan - 1974
Schroeder, JoAnn - 1974
Spanjers, Kathy - 1974
Vanden Eykel, Terry - 1974
Vredenburg, Robin - 1974
Young, Gary - 1974
Beck, John - 1975
Elavsky, Donovan - 1975
Gunkel, Ed - 1975
Hakala, Tom - 1975
Hayes, Lonnie - 1975
Henne, Bob - 1975
Howard, June - 1975
Kriens, Dennis - 1975
McGuire, Pat - 1975
Nelson, Bill - 1975
Nelson, Peggy - 1975
Roetman, Jennifer - 1975
Struss, Kevin - 1975
Vanden Eykel, Wally - 1975
Vredenburg, Micky - 1975
Andress, Charles - 1976
Beckerleg, Tim - 1976
Cox, Bryan - 1976
Fenzel, Ron - 1976
Goehring, Charles - 1976
Hamm, David - 1976
Hansen, Carla - 1976
Hurlburt, Tim - 1976
Hurlburt,Tom - 1976
Kovach, Ardyce - 1976
Land, Tammy - 1976
Nelson, Boyd - 1976
Olafson, Tom - 1976
Peterson, Debra - 1976
Spanjers, Dick - 1976
Splittstoesser, Nancy - 1976
Webb, Bruce - 1976
Beckerleg, Janet - 1977
Bennor, Ellen Kay - 1977
Blanchard, Joseph - 1977
Boettcher, Julie - 1977
Brown, Allen - 1977
Buck, Tamara - 1977
Chase, Stan - 1977
Conley, Kathryn - 1977
Fagerman, Jay - 1977
Fox, Jere - 1977
Hakala, Donna - 1977
Hanson, Roger - 1977
Hayes, Kathy May - 1977
Henne, Kathy - 1977
Herdina, Karen Kay - 1977
Hutchinson, DeeAnn - 1977
Kovach, April - 1977
Kriens, Curtis - 1977
Moore, Rebecca - 1977
Patterson, Pamela - 1977
Semmler, Christie - 1977
Sloan, Jaci - 1977
Smith, Lynn - 1977
Spain, Virginia - 1977
Thelin, Frank - 1977
Vanden Eykel, Debby - 1977
Vredenburg, Ronald - 1977
Warnke, Thomas - 1977
Brown, Steven - 1978
Elavsky, Joel - 1978
Engel, Virginia - 1978
Hanson, Roger D - 1978
Humiston, Jerri - 1978
Koehnen, Gregory - 1978
Kovach, Janet - 1978
McGuire, Suzanne - 1978
McLaury, Michael - 1978
Moore, David - 1978
Moore, John - 1978
Schroeder, Dennis - 1978
Semmler, Delores - 1978
Semmler, Doris - 1978
Stiffler, Lisa - 1978
Vanden Eykel, Tammy - 1978
Andress, Lori - 1979
Beckerleg, Thomas - 1979
Biessener, Roxanne - 1979
Blanchard, Jeffrey - 1979
Buck, Gina - 1979
Carlson, Suzanne - 1979
Downs, Richard - 1979
Gack, Ardis - 1979
Hanson, David - 1979
Hayes, Theresa - 1979
Henne, Thomas - 1979
Hensel, Charlene - 1979
Holland, Sheryl - 1979
Johnson, Michele - 1979
Karl, Kimberly - 1979
Kovach, Alex - 1979
Nelson, Jon - 1979
Peterson, Carol - 1979
Schroeder, Michael - 1979
Semmler, Jennifer - 1979
Sloan, Judy - 1979
Smith, Degra - 1979
Splittstoesser, Julie - 1979
Tatro, Lisa . - 1979
Vredenburg, Roxanne - 1979
Wicks, Shari - 1979
Biessener, Donna - 1980
Brown, Bill - 1980
Buck, Robert - 1980
Carter, Rae - 1980
Edelman, Sandee - 1980
Elavsky, Jana - 1980
Golberg, Scott - 1980
Hakala, Ronald - 1980
Humiston,Todd - 1980
Keller, Teresa - 1980
Kulig, Matthew - 1980
Lamb, Frank, Jr - 1980
Lueck, Mark - 1980
Moore, Janine - 1980
Nelson, Jay - 1980
Roetman, Kirk - 1980
Rustad, Eric - 1980
Staffenhagen, Alfred - 1980
Stiffler, Craig - 1980
Wicks, Donald - 1980
Aird, Amy - 1981
Aird, Annette - 1981
Biessener, Mike - 1981
Bixby, Teresa - 1981
Brown, Mike - 1981
Busch, Dana - 1981
Downs, Dan - 1981
Fox, Alvin - 1981
Gutierrez, Scott - 1981
Hamand, Joe - 1981
Hensel, Dale - 1981
Karl, Scott - 1981
Kusunoki, Midori - 1981
Lamb, Wanda - 1981
Lecy, Cindy - 1981
McLaury, Joe - 1981
Mollenkopf, Paul - 1981
Munson, Ross - 1981
Nelson, Jerry - 1981
Newsome, Tracy - 1981
Olson, Jodie - 1981
Ostrander, Teri - 1981
Rustad, Sheila - 1981
Schroeder, Sue - 1981
Semmler, Carol - 1981
Smith, Mark - 1981
Splittstoesser, Leisa - 1981
Tatro, Lori - 1981
Vallo, Kent - 1981
Vanden Eykel, Conny - 1981
Walls, Lisa - 1981
Ahlborn, John - 1982
Andress, Dave - 1982
Barkett, John - 1982
Brown, Todd - 1982
Downs, Donna - 1982
Gunkel, Mark - 1982
Gustad, Janelle - 1982
Hendricks, Keith - 1982
Hudson, Duane - 1982
Karl, Shawn - 1982
Kramer, Kathy - 1982
Lueck, Malinda - 1982
Nelson, Jayne - 1982
Staffenhagen, Crystal - 1982
Stumpf, James - 1982
Thelin, Karen - 1982
Vallo, Chris - 1982
Vredenburg, Randy - 1982
Bayman, Steve - 1983
Bennor, Karen - 1983
Berge, John - 1983
Blanchard, Joyce - 1983
Buck, Larry - 1983
Crafts, Charles, Jr - 1983
Ebaugh, Tammy - 1983
Elavsky, Karen - 1983
Gutierrez, William - 1983
Hanson, Donald - 1983
Julius, Don - 1983
Moore, Donald - 1983
Overbeek, Dave - 1983
Poncelet, Cynthia - 1983
Poncelet, Jeffrey - 1983
Schmiedeberg, Rochelle - 1983
Sjolin, Kim - 1983
Splittstoesser, Daniel - 1983
Tatro, Scott - 1983
Wicks, Stephen - 1983
Andress, Janyce - 1984
Andress, Judyne - 1984
Bayman, Brenda - 1984
Belt, Karen (Schroeder) - 1984
Biessener, Mark - 1984
Case, Keith - 1984
Chase, Kevin - 1984
Cox, Heather - 1984
Edelman, Jeff - 1984
Gustad, Linda - 1984
Hudson, Rae - 1984
Ivens, Lora - 1984
Johnson, Brad - 1984
Kramer, Barb - 1984
Kramer, James - 1984
Lenander, Bryan - 1984
Muller, John - 1984
Pitschka, Mary Ann - 1984
Poncelet, Allen - 1984
Sandberg, Kay - 1984
Struss, Cyril - 1984
Tatro, Linda - 1984
Thelin, Theresa - 1984
Vredenburg, Renee - 1984
Walls, Scott - 1984
Arrington, Melinda - 1985
Bennor, Paul - 1985
Bennor, Perry - 1985
Bruno, Krishna - 1985
Busch, Darin - 1985
Edelman, Judy - 1985
Hudson, Denise - 1985
Hudson, Matt - 1985
Karl, Jody - 1985
Kramer, Jerry - 1985
Kramer, Michelle - 1985
Lamb, Vincent - 1985
Lanning, Vernal - 1985
Nelson, Kim - 1985
Overbeek, Diane - 1985
Palmateer, Laura - 1985
Sandberg, Richard - 1985
Schmiedeberg, Kim - 1985
Stephens, Theron - 1985
Thielmann, Denise - 1985
Case, Marvin - 1986
Dickinson, Scott - 1986
Elavsky, Neil - 1986
Gack, Tim - 1986
Hamm, Debbie - 1986
Hanson, Jolene - 1986
Hauser, Grant - 1986
Houchin, Tina - 1986
Johnson, Clifford - 1986
Johnson, Dennis - 1986
Keller, Trevor - 1986
Knouse, Raymond - 1986
Kramer, Peter - 1986
Kriens, Tim - 1986
Kugler, Terry - 1986
Kulig, Stacy - 1986
Kulig, Tracy - 1986
Larson, Selina - 1986
McLevis, Cary - 1986
McLevis, Lori Ann - 1986
Minnerup, Tammey - 1986
Negen, Barry - 1986
Nelson, Joel - 1986
Richmond, Randy - 1986
Ritchie, Eugene - 1986
Schroeder, David - 1986
Schroeder, Tammy - 1986
Scouton, Robert - 1986
Scouton, Warren - 1986
Snow, Jerry - 1986
Stiffler, Denise - 1986
Struss, Violet - 1986
Wicks, Sandie - 1986
Wilkening, Wayne - 1986
Goehring, Scott - 1987
Tinklenberg, Stacey - 1987
Vredenburg, Michelle - 1987
Andress, Jeanne - 1988
Busch, Dean - 1988
Carter, Donna - 1988
Cerven, Kim - 1988
Dunham, Jason - 1988
Dunn, Patricia - 1988
Ebaugh, Tonja - 1988
Edelman, Jackee - 1988
Gack, Ken - 1988
Hansen, Lance - 1988
Johnson, Eric - 1988
Knowles, Dawn - 1988
Kramer, Jerry - 1988
Kramer, Paul - 1988
Kugler, Karen - 1988
Poncelet, Greg - 1988
Sjolin, Eric - 1988
Wicks, Stacy - 1988
Biggin, Douglas - 1989
Crawford, Lori - 1989
DeRoo, Aaron - 1989
Gray, Richard - 1989
Harris, Jim - 1989
Julius, Sandra (Gack) - 1989
Knouse, John - 1989
Lanning, Dawn - 1989
Negen, Byron - 1989
Oelschlager, Randy - 1989
Semmler, Jeanne - 1989
Sjolin, Janelle - 1989
Vredenburg, Millissa - 1989
Wilkening, Lorri - 1989
Edith Wilson: The first lady who fooled D.C. and ran the White House
Rebecca Boggs Roberts’s ‘Untold Power’ is a riveting look at a president’s powerful spouse and her efforts to conceal his illness
Edith Bolling Galt in her electric automobile. She was the first woman to earn a D.C. driver’s license. (Library of Congress)
By Barbara A. Perry
March 29, 2023 at 8:23 a.m. MST
Unless readers are aficionados of Woodrow Wilson’s presidency, they may possess only vague knowledge that a debilitating stroke incapacitated him in his administration’s final year and that his wife Edith became the unofficial “acting president.” This intriguing tale of how a first lady, with minimal formal education and no government experience, effectively took the reins from the partially paralyzed chief executive and guided his White House, from October 1919 to March 1921, is as riveting as it is improbable.
By virtue of her DNA, author Rebecca Boggs Roberts is well acquainted with Washington’s power dynamics. The daughter of the late political commentator Cokie Roberts and granddaughter of the late House Democratic Majority Leader Hale Boggs, Rebecca also counts on her family tree grandmother Lindy, who served nine terms in Congress after Hale disappeared, and was declared dead, following a 1972 plane crash. Equally genetic, given her father Steven Roberts’s journalistic career, is Rebecca’s flair for writing crisp and engaging narratives. Her book “Untold Power: The Fascinating Rise and Complex Legacy of First Lady Edith Wilson” is quite simply a compelling yarn.
Edith Bolling Galt Wilson. (Library of Congress)
How did Edith Bolling, born and raised in Wytheville, Va., a sleepy town nestled in post-bellum Appalachia, ultimately become one of the most powerful first ladies in American history? As a teenager, she followed her married sister to Washington and embraced the cultural and social life of the booming Gay Nineties city. In 1896, she married the successful, if unexciting, owner of a thriving jewelry store who was almost a decade older than the new Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt. He died a dozen years later, leaving Edith a widow of some means at age 35, unable to bear children after her only pregnancy resulted in a difficult birth and the death of the Galts’ infant son.
Viking
Unlike most women of her era, Edith lived independently, traveling abroad when the spirit moved her, tooling around the nation’s capital in an electric automobile (as the first woman to earn a D.C. driver’s license) and eschewing large soirees for intimate dinners with extended family. She had little interest in politics, opposed women’s suffrage and declined a friend’s invitation to attend Woodrow Wilson’s 1913 inaugural parade and a presidential tea. A friend, the White House physician Cary Grayson, introduced her to the grieving president shortly after Wilson’s first wife, Ellen, died of kidney disease in the second year of his first term.
Although a strait-laced Presbyterian and stodgy academic, Wilson immediately bonded with Edith, 16 years his junior, finding her beautiful, stylish, charming and vivacious. The merry widow added gaiety to his life, and he was as smitten as a teenage schoolboy. Realizing that his lovesickness would appear unseemly so soon after his first wife’s passing, the president initially confined his ardent courtship to secret assignations with the more restrained Edith.
Roberts’s description of Wilson’s wooing springs to life through her careful research of the love notes the couple exchanged almost daily. In addition, the author skillfully deconstructs the second Mrs. Wilson’s 1939 memoir, the first book of its kind penned by a former first lady. This biography is the only one to reflect the recently transcribed memoir chapters written in Edith’s scribbled penmanship and preserved at her birthplace.
First lady Edith Wilson and President Woodrow Wilson, left, arrive in New York on Oct. 11, 1918, to take part in the Liberty Day Parade. (AP)
The Wilsons’ 1915 marriage cemented a fruitful partnership, as the president’s new spouse sustained him through World War I, accompanied him to the Paris peace talks and supported his dogged efforts to secure Senate approval of the Treaty of Versailles. Establishing what modern political scientists now label “the rhetorical presidency,” Woodrow Wilson firmly believed that he could lead Congress and the people by speaking to them directly and in person. It was his overly ambitious cross-country whistle-stop tour that exhausted the president and induced a catastrophic cerebral hemorrhage, paralyzing his left side, affecting his speech and weakening his cognitive ability.
Roberts’s storytelling soars as she leads the reader through Edith’s machinations to hide her husband’s disabilities while maintaining his White House’s functions. She manipulated the Cabinet, Vice President Thomas Marshall and members of Congress to disguise the worst of the president’s symptoms, while making it appear that he maintained control over his faculties and public policy. She literally became his left hand, holding down documents as he signed them with his dominant and unaffected right hand.
From his 1919 stroke until his death in 1924, Edith Wilson maintained the fiction that her husband was functioning normally. She spent the remainder of her long life promoting his legacy as an advocate for freedom at home and abroad. One of her last public appearances, before her death in December 1961 at age 89, was to meet with President John F. Kennedy in the Oval Office when he signed the bill creating the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Commission.
First lady Eleanor Roosevelt, left, and former first lady Edith Wilson attend a Girl Scouts exhibit in Washington in 1934, holding jars of marmalade made by the Scouts. (AP)
In that sense, Edith was no different from all the modern first ladies (including Eleanor Roosevelt, Mamie Eisenhower, Jacqueline Kennedy, Pat Nixon, Nancy Reagan and Hillary Clinton) who supported their debilitated husbands, laid low by illness or scandal, and tried to solidify their legacies if they outlived them. Yet even the influential Roosevelt and Clinton never became “acting presidents.” As Roberts relates, it was JFK’s assassination that prompted the 25th Amendment’s ratification in 1967, providing for the vice president to assume the presidency upon the chief executive’s documented incapacitation. We can be grateful that Edith Wilson’s unprecedented and unofficial substitution for her husband demonstrated the need for such a constitutional remedy for presidential illness.
Barbara A. Perry, the Gerald L. Baliles professor and presidential studies director at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, is the author of “Jacqueline Kennedy: First Lady of the New Frontier” and “Rose Kennedy: The Life and Times of a Political Matriarch.”
Untold Power
The Fascinating Rise and Complex Legacy of First Lady Edith Wilson
By Rebecca Boggs Roberts
Viking. 302 pp. $30
Barbara A. Perry, the Gerald L. Baliles professor and presidential studies director at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, is the author of “Jacqueline Kennedy: First Lady of the New Frontier” and “Rose Kennedy: The Life and Times of a Political Matriarch.”
Edith Wilson: The first lady who fooled D.C. and ran the White House
Rebecca Boggs Roberts’s ‘Untold Power’ is a riveting look at a president’s powerful spouse and her efforts to conceal his illness
Edith Bolling Galt in her electric automobile. She was the first woman to earn a D.C. driver’s license. (Library of Congress)
By Barbara A. Perry
March 29, 2023 at 8:23 a.m. MST
Unless readers are aficionados of Woodrow Wilson’s presidency, they may possess only vague knowledge that a debilitating stroke incapacitated him in his administration’s final year and that his wife Edith became the unofficial “acting president.” This intriguing tale of how a first lady, with minimal formal education and no government experience, effectively took the reins from the partially paralyzed chief executive and guided his White House, from October 1919 to March 1921, is as riveting as it is improbable.
By virtue of her DNA, author Rebecca Boggs Roberts is well acquainted with Washington’s power dynamics. The daughter of the late political commentator Cokie Roberts and granddaughter of the late House Democratic Majority Leader Hale Boggs, Rebecca also counts on her family tree grandmother Lindy, who served nine terms in Congress after Hale disappeared, and was declared dead, following a 1972 plane crash. Equally genetic, given her father Steven Roberts’s journalistic career, is Rebecca’s flair for writing crisp and engaging narratives. Her book “Untold Power: The Fascinating Rise and Complex Legacy of First Lady Edith Wilson” is quite simply a compelling yarn.
Edith Bolling Galt Wilson. (Library of Congress)
How did Edith Bolling, born and raised in Wytheville, Va., a sleepy town nestled in post-bellum Appalachia, ultimately become one of the most powerful first ladies in American history? As a teenager, she followed her married sister to Washington and embraced the cultural and social life of the booming Gay Nineties city. In 1896, she married the successful, if unexciting, owner of a thriving jewelry store who was almost a decade older than the new Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt. He died a dozen years later, leaving Edith a widow of some means at age 35, unable to bear children after her only pregnancy resulted in a difficult birth and the death of the Galts’ infant son.
Viking
Unlike most women of her era, Edith lived independently, traveling abroad when the spirit moved her, tooling around the nation’s capital in an electric automobile (as the first woman to earn a D.C. driver’s license) and eschewing large soirees for intimate dinners with extended family. She had little interest in politics, opposed women’s suffrage and declined a friend’s invitation to attend Woodrow Wilson’s 1913 inaugural parade and a presidential tea. A friend, the White House physician Cary Grayson, introduced her to the grieving president shortly after Wilson’s first wife, Ellen, died of kidney disease in the second year of his first term.
Although a strait-laced Presbyterian and stodgy academic, Wilson immediately bonded with Edith, 16 years his junior, finding her beautiful, stylish, charming and vivacious. The merry widow added gaiety to his life, and he was as smitten as a teenage schoolboy. Realizing that his lovesickness would appear unseemly so soon after his first wife’s passing, the president initially confined his ardent courtship to secret assignations with the more restrained Edith.
Roberts’s description of Wilson’s wooing springs to life through her careful research of the love notes the couple exchanged almost daily. In addition, the author skillfully deconstructs the second Mrs. Wilson’s 1939 memoir, the first book of its kind penned by a former first lady. This biography is the only one to reflect the recently transcribed memoir chapters written in Edith’s scribbled penmanship and preserved at her birthplace.
First lady Edith Wilson and President Woodrow Wilson, left, arrive in New York on Oct. 11, 1918, to take part in the Liberty Day Parade. (AP)
The Wilsons’ 1915 marriage cemented a fruitful partnership, as the president’s new spouse sustained him through World War I, accompanied him to the Paris peace talks and supported his dogged efforts to secure Senate approval of the Treaty of Versailles. Establishing what modern political scientists now label “the rhetorical presidency,” Woodrow Wilson firmly believed that he could lead Congress and the people by speaking to them directly and in person. It was his overly ambitious cross-country whistle-stop tour that exhausted the president and induced a catastrophic cerebral hemorrhage, paralyzing his left side, affecting his speech and weakening his cognitive ability.
Roberts’s storytelling soars as she leads the reader through Edith’s machinations to hide her husband’s disabilities while maintaining his White House’s functions. She manipulated the Cabinet, Vice President Thomas Marshall and members of Congress to disguise the worst of the president’s symptoms, while making it appear that he maintained control over his faculties and public policy. She literally became his left hand, holding down documents as he signed them with his dominant and unaffected right hand.
From his 1919 stroke until his death in 1924, Edith Wilson maintained the fiction that her husband was functioning normally. She spent the remainder of her long life promoting his legacy as an advocate for freedom at home and abroad. One of her last public appearances, before her death in December 1961 at age 89, was to meet with President John F. Kennedy in the Oval Office when he signed the bill creating the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Commission.
First lady Eleanor Roosevelt, left, and former first lady Edith Wilson attend a Girl Scouts exhibit in Washington in 1934, holding jars of marmalade made by the Scouts. (AP)
In that sense, Edith was no different from all the modern first ladies (including Eleanor Roosevelt, Mamie Eisenhower, Jacqueline Kennedy, Pat Nixon, Nancy Reagan and Hillary Clinton) who supported their debilitated husbands, laid low by illness or scandal, and tried to solidify their legacies if they outlived them. Yet even the influential Roosevelt and Clinton never became “acting presidents.” As Roberts relates, it was JFK’s assassination that prompted the 25th Amendment’s ratification in 1967, providing for the vice president to assume the presidency upon the chief executive’s documented incapacitation. We can be grateful that Edith Wilson’s unprecedented and unofficial substitution for her husband demonstrated the need for such a constitutional remedy for presidential illness.
Barbara A. Perry, the Gerald L. Baliles professor and presidential studies director at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, is the author of “Jacqueline Kennedy: First Lady of the New Frontier” and “Rose Kennedy: The Life and Times of a Political Matriarch.”
Untold Power
The Fascinating Rise and Complex Legacy of First Lady Edith Wilson
By Rebecca Boggs Roberts
Viking. 302 pp. $30
Barbara A. Perry, the Gerald L. Baliles professor and presidential studies director at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, is the author of “Jacqueline Kennedy: First Lady of the New Frontier” and “Rose Kennedy: The Life and Times of a Political Matriarch.”
Edith Wilson: The first lady who fooled D.C. and ran the White House
Rebecca Boggs Roberts’s ‘Untold Power’ is a riveting look at a president’s powerful spouse and her efforts to conceal his illness
Edith Bolling Galt in her electric automobile. She was the first woman to earn a D.C. driver’s license. (Library of Congress)
By Barbara A. Perry
March 29, 2023 at 8:23 a.m. MST
Unless readers are aficionados of Woodrow Wilson’s presidency, they may possess only vague knowledge that a debilitating stroke incapacitated him in his administration’s final year and that his wife Edith became the unofficial “acting president.” This intriguing tale of how a first lady, with minimal formal education and no government experience, effectively took the reins from the partially paralyzed chief executive and guided his White House, from October 1919 to March 1921, is as riveting as it is improbable.
By virtue of her DNA, author Rebecca Boggs Roberts is well acquainted with Washington’s power dynamics. The daughter of the late political commentator Cokie Roberts and granddaughter of the late House Democratic Majority Leader Hale Boggs, Rebecca also counts on her family tree grandmother Lindy, who served nine terms in Congress after Hale disappeared, and was declared dead, following a 1972 plane crash. Equally genetic, given her father Steven Roberts’s journalistic career, is Rebecca’s flair for writing crisp and engaging narratives. Her book “Untold Power: The Fascinating Rise and Complex Legacy of First Lady Edith Wilson” is quite simply a compelling yarn.
Edith Bolling Galt Wilson. (Library of Congress)
How did Edith Bolling, born and raised in Wytheville, Va., a sleepy town nestled in post-bellum Appalachia, ultimately become one of the most powerful first ladies in American history? As a teenager, she followed her married sister to Washington and embraced the cultural and social life of the booming Gay Nineties city. In 1896, she married the successful, if unexciting, owner of a thriving jewelry store who was almost a decade older than the new Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt. He died a dozen years later, leaving Edith a widow of some means at age 35, unable to bear children after her only pregnancy resulted in a difficult birth and the death of the Galts’ infant son.
Viking
Unlike most women of her era, Edith lived independently, traveling abroad when the spirit moved her, tooling around the nation’s capital in an electric automobile (as the first woman to earn a D.C. driver’s license) and eschewing large soirees for intimate dinners with extended family. She had little interest in politics, opposed women’s suffrage and declined a friend’s invitation to attend Woodrow Wilson’s 1913 inaugural parade and a presidential tea. A friend, the White House physician Cary Grayson, introduced her to the grieving president shortly after Wilson’s first wife, Ellen, died of kidney disease in the second year of his first term.
Although a strait-laced Presbyterian and stodgy academic, Wilson immediately bonded with Edith, 16 years his junior, finding her beautiful, stylish, charming and vivacious. The merry widow added gaiety to his life, and he was as smitten as a teenage schoolboy. Realizing that his lovesickness would appear unseemly so soon after his first wife’s passing, the president initially confined his ardent courtship to secret assignations with the more restrained Edith.
Roberts’s description of Wilson’s wooing springs to life through her careful research of the love notes the couple exchanged almost daily. In addition, the author skillfully deconstructs the second Mrs. Wilson’s 1939 memoir, the first book of its kind penned by a former first lady. This biography is the only one to reflect the recently transcribed memoir chapters written in Edith’s scribbled penmanship and preserved at her birthplace.
First lady Edith Wilson and President Woodrow Wilson, left, arrive in New York on Oct. 11, 1918, to take part in the Liberty Day Parade. (AP)
The Wilsons’ 1915 marriage cemented a fruitful partnership, as the president’s new spouse sustained him through World War I, accompanied him to the Paris peace talks and supported his dogged efforts to secure Senate approval of the Treaty of Versailles. Establishing what modern political scientists now label “the rhetorical presidency,” Woodrow Wilson firmly believed that he could lead Congress and the people by speaking to them directly and in person. It was his overly ambitious cross-country whistle-stop tour that exhausted the president and induced a catastrophic cerebral hemorrhage, paralyzing his left side, affecting his speech and weakening his cognitive ability.
Roberts’s storytelling soars as she leads the reader through Edith’s machinations to hide her husband’s disabilities while maintaining his White House’s functions. She manipulated the Cabinet, Vice President Thomas Marshall and members of Congress to disguise the worst of the president’s symptoms, while making it appear that he maintained control over his faculties and public policy. She literally became his left hand, holding down documents as he signed them with his dominant and unaffected right hand.
From his 1919 stroke until his death in 1924, Edith Wilson maintained the fiction that her husband was functioning normally. She spent the remainder of her long life promoting his legacy as an advocate for freedom at home and abroad. One of her last public appearances, before her death in December 1961 at age 89, was to meet with President John F. Kennedy in the Oval Office when he signed the bill creating the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Commission.
First lady Eleanor Roosevelt, left, and former first lady Edith Wilson attend a Girl Scouts exhibit in Washington in 1934, holding jars of marmalade made by the Scouts. (AP)
In that sense, Edith was no different from all the modern first ladies (including Eleanor Roosevelt, Mamie Eisenhower, Jacqueline Kennedy, Pat Nixon, Nancy Reagan and Hillary Clinton) who supported their debilitated husbands, laid low by illness or scandal, and tried to solidify their legacies if they outlived them. Yet even the influential Roosevelt and Clinton never became “acting presidents.” As Roberts relates, it was JFK’s assassination that prompted the 25th Amendment’s ratification in 1967, providing for the vice president to assume the presidency upon the chief executive’s documented incapacitation. We can be grateful that Edith Wilson’s unprecedented and unofficial substitution for her husband demonstrated the need for such a constitutional remedy for presidential illness.
Barbara A. Perry, the Gerald L. Baliles professor and presidential studies director at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, is the author of “Jacqueline Kennedy: First Lady of the New Frontier” and “Rose Kennedy: The Life and Times of a Political Matriarch.”
Untold Power
The Fascinating Rise and Complex Legacy of First Lady Edith Wilson
By Rebecca Boggs Roberts
Viking. 302 pp. $30
Barbara A. Perry, the Gerald L. Baliles professor and presidential studies director at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, is the author of “Jacqueline Kennedy: First Lady of the New Frontier” and “Rose Kennedy: The Life and Times of a Political Matriarch.”
With Acknowledgment to the Roll of Honour website (RoH)
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Holt.html
There is another set of memorials in the church of St Andrew the Apostle.
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/HoltStAndrew.html
Names shown on the Church memorial are marked as (CM)
Alfred Anthony……………………………….................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 47535. The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt.) Labour Company Chinese Labour Corps transf. to (74127) 54th Chinese Company. Died on 27th November 1919. Aged 32. Son of Mr. T. and Mrs. H. Anthony, of 8, Eastrea Rd. Whittlesea. Cambs; husband of D. Anthony, of 5 Bluestone Terrace, Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Terlincthun British Cemetery, Wimille, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. XIV. C. 13.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=4024320
No match on Norlink
The 13 year old Alfred, already a Brickyard Labourer, is recorded on the 1901 Census as living at Eastrea Road, Whittlesey. This is the household of his parents, Thomas, (aged 54 and a Brickyard Labourer from Whittlesey), and Hannah, (aged 55 and from Whittlesey.) Also resident are Arthur’s brothers Charles, (aged 18), Harry, (aged 17), and Walter, (aged 10). Charles and Harry work as Brickyard Labourers, and all were born Whittlesey.
Oliver Bennett………………………………..................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 32124. 12th Battery Royal Field Artillery. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 21st October 1914. Aged 25. Born at North Walsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of William and Rebecca Bennett, of Holt, Norfolk, Norwich, Norfolk. Buried: Harlebeke New British Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. XVI. A. 8.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=485790
No match on Norlink
The 12 year old Oliver was recorded on the 1901 census at Bull Street, Holt, having been born North Walsham. This was the household of his parents, William, aged 59 and a Licensed Victualler from Letheringsett, and Rebecca, (aged 40 and from Hoveton St John, Norfolk). Their other children are:-
Frank…………….aged 8.………….born North Walsham.
Ida Grace………aged 14.…………..born Stalham
Margaret……….aged 6.……………born Edgefield
One of the Stained Glass Windows in St Andrews, Holt is dedicated to the memory of Oliver and Charles Henry Steer, (qv), former members of the church choir.
www.wartimememoriesproject.com/greatwar/allied/royalartil...
The battery was newly arrived in France and was involved in supporting the 7th Division on the opening day of the Battle of Langemarck.
webstats.ordersofbattle.darkscape.net/site/warpath/divs/7...
www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_langemarck_1914.html
Robert William Beresford……………................(RoH) (CM)
Sergeant 293. 1st/5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died in Gallipoli on 21st August 1915. Aged 29. Born and enlisted Holt. Son of Henry Beresford, of Shire Hall Plain, Holt; husband of Emily E. Beresford, of Weston Square, Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Helles Memorial, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=698865
No match on Norlink
The 14 year old Robert is recorded on the 1901 Census as employed as a Domestic Page Boy, and living at Shire Hall Plain, Holt, the town of his birth. This was the household of his parents, Henry, (aged 42 and a Mineral Water cater from Holt), and Sophia, (aged 39 and from Bodham). Their other children are:-
Agnes……………aged 10
Alice…………..aged 13
Bertie………….aged 12
Bessie…………aged 20
Fred……………aged 2
Gertrude………..aged under 1
Mable………….aged 9
Percy…………..aged 3
Sidney…………aged 4.
Also living with them is a Grandson, George Beresford, aged under 1.
All born Holt.
Following the disastrous attack on the 12th, subsequently immortalised in tales of Alien abduction, lost battalions and more poignantly in “All the Kings Men”, the survivors were merged with the 1st/4ths until re-enforcements could arrive. A diary of an officer of that Battalion records that there was a Turkish attack in the mid-afternoon which broke into the trenches on their right, but was quiet in their sector.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
William Betts………………………………....................(RoH) (CM)
Private 16399. 3rd Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died on 20th February 1916. Aged 27. Son of William and Triana Betts, of Fir Cottage, Briston, Melton Constable. Buried: Holt Burial Ground, Norfolk. Ref. C. 542.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802696
No match on Norlink
The most likely match on the 1901 Census is a 12 year old William, born Gissing, and now living at 30 Hill Street, Norwich. This is the household of his parents, Edward William, (a 38 year old Cab Man from Norwich), and Alice Caroline (aged 39 from probably Burston, Norfolk). Their other children are:-
Edith May…………aged 8.…born Gissing
Harry………………aged 6.…born Gisleham, Suffolk
Katherine Alice……aged 5.…born Norwich
Mildred Constance..aged 11...born Gissing
Sidney……………..aged 9.…born Gissing
The 3rd Battalion were a UK based Training Battalion providing drafts to the other Battalions of the Regiment.
Thomas Boast………………………….......................(RoH) (CM)
RoH - No further information available at present.
Probably
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=275227
Name: BOAST, THOMAS TOWNSHEND
Rank: Second Lieutenant Regiment: Norfolk Regiment Unit Text: 3rd Bn.
Age: 28 Date of Death: 29/09/1918 Awards: Mentioned in Despatches
Additional information: Son of George John and M. A. Boast, of Taxal Edge, Whaley Bridge, Cheshire. Native of Holt, Norfolk.
Grave/Memorial Reference: C. 29. Cemetery: NEUVILLE-BOURJONVAL BRITISH CEMETERY
No match on Norlink
The 1901 Census has a Thomas T Boast, aged 10, living at Cromer Road, Holt. This is the household of his parents, George J, (aged 37 and a Domestic Gardener from Thorpe St. Andrews near Norwich), and Mary A, (aged 35 and from Fakenham). Their other children are:-
Alice A………..aged 3.…..born Holt
George J………aged 5.…..born Holt
Mabel M………aged 8.….born Holt
Also staying with them is a niece, Olive M Boast, born Langham and aged 13.
While the 3rd Battalion was a UK based training establishment, it was likely that Lt Boast was on attachment to another Battalion of the Regiment. Neuville-Bourjonval was only re-taken from the Germans at the start of September 1918, and was still very much in the front-line. A study of other casualties buried in this cemetery from this time reveals a number of officer casualties from the units that made up the 15th Brigade, which included the 1st Norfolks.
Albert Victor Bray……………………....................(RoH) (CM)
Private 22958. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died of wounds at home on 10th February 1917. Aged 20. Born and enlisted King’s Lynn. Son of the late William and Margaret Bray, of Holt. Buried: Holt Burial Ground. Ref. C. 549.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802697
No match on Norlink
There is no obvious match for Albert on the 1901 Census, but as can be seen from the census entry for his brother Charles below that the family has already suffered some sort of break-up at this time.
Brother of Charles below
Charles William Bray…………………..................(RoH) (CM)
Lance Corporal 41028. 8th Battalion Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. Formerly 25409 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 16th August 1917. Aged 28. Born St Margaret’s, Norfolk (King’s Lynn?). Enlisted Norwich. Son of the late William and Margaret Bray. No known grave. Commemorated on Tyne Cot Memorial, Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 70 to 72.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=842798
No match on Norlink
Brother of Albert above
The 12 year old Charles Bray is recorded on the 1901 census at South Street, Kings Lynn, his birth town. The head of the household is his married brother Ernest, (aged 25 and a Brickmaker from the town). Also living with them is Ernest and Charles 16 year old brother, Herbert, who is employed as a Carpenters Apprentice. The wife of Ernest is Harriet, (aged 30 and from West Winch), and the couple have a daughter Evelyn who is less than a year old.
Thursday 16th August 1917 - Day 17
Rainfall Nil
The phase of the battle known as The Battle of Langemarck commenced today and lasted until the 18th. Zero Hour was 4.45 am.
16th (Irish) Division
49 Bde
7th Bn, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers attacked on the left and the regiments 8th Bn on the right. 7/8th Bn, Royal Irish Fusiliers was in support. Attached from 47 Bde was 6th Bn Royal Irish Regt which was held in reserve. It was during this action that L/Cpl Frederick Room earned his Victoria Cross. Room was in charge of the battalion stretcher bearers and worked continuously under intense fire, dressing the wounded and helping to evacuate them. It was he fourth and last VC earned by a man of the Royal Irish Regt.
7th Inniskillings took Beck House and then moved on to Delva Farm, taking it before coming under heavy fire from the rear where they had failed to mop up some German pillboxes. 8th Inniskillings was held up by MG fire while attacking Borry Farm.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=11535&...
Horace Bullock………………………………................(RoH) (CM)
Private 49505. 9th Battalion Essex Regiment. Formerly 53042 Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 6th September 1918. Born and lived Holt. Enlisted Norwich. No known grave. Commemorated on Vis-En-Artois Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 7.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1740608
No match on Norlink
The most likely match on the 1901 Census is a 1 year Horace living at Shirehall Plain, Holt. This is the household of his parents, Samuel, (aged 31 and described as a Bricklayer and then something illegible, which the Genes Reunited transcibers have put down as Inn-Keeper?), and Margaret E. (aged 29 and from Hockham, (possibly Holkham?). Their other children are:-
Eleanor…….aged 7.….born Holt
Hilda May…aged 4.….born Holt
Albert Caston………………………………...................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 13018. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th September 1916. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. No known grave. Commemorated on Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1542715
No match on Norlink
No obvious match on the 1901 Census,
15th September 1916 Battle of the Somme
The last great Allied effort to achieve a breakthrough came on 15 September in the Battle of Flers-Courcelette with the initial advance made by 11 British divisions (nine from Fourth Army, two Canadian divisions on the Reserve Army sector) and a later attack by four French corps.
The battle is chiefly remembered today as the debut of the tank. The British had high hopes that this secret weapon would break the deadlock of the trenches. Early tanks were not weapons of mobile warfare—with a top speed of 2 mph (3.2 km/h), they were easily outpaced by the infantry—but were designed for trench warfare. They were untroubled by barbed wire obstacles and impervious to rifle and machine gun fire, though highly vulnerable to artillery. Additionally, the tanks were notoriously unreliable; of the 49 tanks available on 15 September, only 32 made it to the start line, and of these, only 21 made it into action
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Flers-Courcelette
An intense preliminary bombardment began on 12 September and at 6.20am on Friday 15 September the advance began in mist and smoke. XIV Corps attack, on the extreme right, where hopes of breakthrough were pinned, fared badly; 56th Division and 6th Division lost heavily as tanks and artillery support failed to neutralise vital defensive positions
www.cwgc.org/somme/content.asp?menuid=27&id=27&me...
151 Soldiers of the 9th Battalion appear to have died on this day.
Alfred Woodhouse Caston…………….............(RoH) (CM)
Private 36460. 8th Battalion East Surrey Regiment. Died in France & Flanders on 29th July 1918. Aged 30. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Alfred W. Caston, of 5, Albert St., Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Crouy British Cemetery, Crouy-Sur-Somme, France. Ref. IV. B. 20.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=71021
No match on Norlink
No obvious match on the 1901 Census
The battalion was in the reserve lines on this date, with working parties in the front line at night improving defences. No casualties are recorded since the 22nd.
qrrarchive.websds.net/PDF/ES00819180608.pdf
Frederick W Chestney………………………..........(RoH) (CM)
The roll of honour entry for this person is incorrect. The correct individual is shown below.
Name: CHESTNEY, FREDERICK WILLIAM
Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Training Reserve Unit Text: 22nd Bn
Age: 18 Date of Death: 30/01/1918 Service No: 10/7202
Additional information: Son of Mr.E Chestney. N.B.: PLEASE NOTE This casualty was accepted for commemoration by the Commission. Please contact the Commission before planning a visit, for more information.
Grave/Memorial Reference: Plot D Grave 728 Cemetery: HOLT BURIAL GROUND
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=75197297
No match on Norlink
The 2 year old Frederick is recorded on the 1901 Census living at Lion Street, Holt, the yown of his birth. He is living with his parents Elijah, (aged 40 and a Carpenter from Holt), and Amelia J. (aged 39 and from Suffolk, (possibly Southwold?)). As well as Frederick, they have an 8 month old daughter, Kathleen E.M.
Charles William Clarke………………….............(RoH) (CM)
Private 12493. 7th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 13th October 1915. Aged 22. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Mrs. Mary Ann White, of Cross St., Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Loos Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 30 and 31.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=729875
No match on Norlink
On the 1901 Census, the 7 year old Charles W is living at Chapel Street, Holt. His widowed mother, the 34 year old Mary Ann earns a living as a washerwoman. She is also bringing up Augustus, (aged 3) and Susannah, (aged 1), although she has a 35 year old boarder, William White living with her. William is employed as a Hedger. All of them come from Holt.
On 12th October 1915 the Battalion moved from billets to a line in front of the St Elie Quarries, taking over from the Coldstream Guards. The attack was planned to go ahead the following day under a smoke cloud with the Norfolks closing on the German trenches from both ends of their position thus straightening their line, their own trenches being in a semi-circle. The left side of the Battalion was also tasked with bombing a German communications trench. A bright sunny day with an ideal wind for moving the smoke towards the enemy positions, the artillery bombardment began at 12:00 and was intensive by 13:45. 54 heavy and 86 field howitzers and 286 field guns fired on enemy trenches in the area of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, Fosse 8, the Quarries, Gun Trench and the positions south to Chalk Pit Wood. It failed to cause sufficient damage to the enemy positions. The smoke barrage went wrong and ceased by 13:40, twenty minutes before the attack was launched at 14:00 and was thus very thin. German machine gun fire from in front and from the direction of Slag Alley, opposite the Norfolks right flank, enfiladed their attack. Whilst they gained a foothold in the Quarries and consolidated the position they were unable to advance further. In the battalions first serious engagement they lost 5 Officers killed or died of wounds and 6 wounded, and 66 other ranks killed, 196 wounded and 160 missing.
Source: 1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=42270
.
Albert Edward Cockaday………………..........(RoH) (CM)
Private 201347. 1st/4th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in Palestine on 19th April 1917. Aged 21. Born North Heigham, Norwich. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Archibald and Laura Cockaday, of 4, Weston Square, Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Gaza War Cemetery, Israel. Ref. XIII. E. 6.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=649749
No match on Norlink
The 4 year old Albert is recorded on the 1901 Census at Carpenters Arms Yard, Norwich Road, Holt. This is the household of his parents, Archibald, (aged 25 and a Gas Fitter and Plumber from Norwich), and Laura, (aged 24 and also from Norwich). Their oher children are:-
Ethel………………aged under /1.…..born Holt
Harry……………aged 2.……………born Holt
19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
To the right (west) of Tank Redoubt, the 3rd Camel Battalion, advancing in the gap between two redoubts, actually made the furthest advance of the battle, crossing the Gaza-Beersheba Road and occupying a pair of low hills (dubbed "Jack" and "Jill"). As the advances on their flanks faltered, the "Camels" were forced to retreat to avoid being isolated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
More than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
Private Cockadays British War Medal and Victory Medal were auctioned in January 2010
www.lockdales.com/AuctionMedals&Militaria.htm
Ernest William Cooper…………………...............(RoH) (CM)
(Most Likely)
Private 37010. 2nd/5th Battalion King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regt.) Killed in action in France & Flanders on 29th August, 1918. Aged 22. Born Holt. Enlisted Bolton. Son of Alfred and Mary Jane Cooper, of 2, Excelsior Cottage, Co-operative St., Sheringham, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Vis-En-Artois Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 3.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1741309
No match on Norlink
The 6 year Ernest W. can be found on the 1901 census at Blakeney Road, Letheringsett, his birth village. This is the household of his parents, Alfred, (a 35 year old Agricultural Labourer from Wiveton), and Mary J. (aged 37 and from Thornage). Their other children are:-
Alfred R……….aged 3.………….born Glandford
Alice M………..aged 11.…………born Letheringsett
Clement………..aged 14.………..born Thornage.Employed as a Yardmans help
Dorothy M…….aged 1.………….born Letheringsett
While I can’t find anything specific to the 2/5th, the 57th Division, of which the Battalion was part, has this note on its battle honours.
Battle of the Scarpe. 26-30 Aug 1918, including the capture of Monchy le Preux.
www.warpath.orbat.com/divs/57_div.htm
Fred Cotts……………………………….........................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 14450. Depot, Northamptonshire Regiment. Transf. to (432073) 131st Company Chinese Labour Corps. Died on 14th May 1919. Aged 32. Son of A. and T. Cotts, of Holt, Norfolk; husband of I. M. Brown (formerly Cotts), of Mill Cottages, Cropredy, Banbury. Buried: Duisans British Cemetery, Etrun, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. VII. C. 33.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=169138
No match on Norlink
The 14 year old Frederick is recorded on the 1901 Census at Hempstead Road, Holt and is already employed as an errand boy and porter. This is the household of his parents, Thomas William, (age 41 and an Ironmongers warehouseman from Wood Norton), and Elizabeth, (age 38 and from Bodham). Their other children are:-
Annie……aged 10.…born Holt
Ernest J….aged 15.…born Holt. Employed as a Bricklayers Labourer.
Herbert….aged 12.…born Holt
Thomas H,,aged 17...born Holt.Employed as a Domestic Gardener. (see next entry)
Thomas Henry Cotts……………………...............(RoH) (CM)
Private 13005. 2nd Battalion Bedfordshire Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 17th May 1915. Aged 33. Born and lived Holt. Enlisted Hertford. Son of William Thomas and Elizabeth Cotts, of Station Rd., Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Le Touret Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 10 and 11.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1559482
No match on Norlink
See Census details against brother Fred above.
This day was the 2nd day of the battle of Festurbert. The battalion had taken been in action the day before and had taken casualties. For what happened on the day I refer you to the Battalion’s war diary.
17 May 1915 2.30 a.m. Orders received to withdraw Bn. to reserve trenches. Movement completed by 3.45 a.m. About 1.30 p.m. Bn. received orders to be ready to move at shortest notice. Ref.Map 1/10000. ILLIES-VIOLAINE-FESTUBERT. About 3 p.m. orders received to move Bn. into position in rear of old German Fire trench between L1-L2 in order to make an attack in conjunction with 4 Cameron Highs: on left, on points L10, L11, L8 to K5. Battn. frontage from L8-K5. 'B' Coy. on right, under Capt. H.E.Huntriss [Harold Edward HUNTRISS], 2 Bedf.R. 'C' Coy. on right, under Bt.Lt.Col.E.I.de S.Thorpe [Edward Ivan de Sausmarez THORPE, CMG, DSO], 2 Bedf.R. were detailed as the two leading coys: & formed up between L1 & L2. 'A' Coy. under Capt.W.Hutton-Williams [William HUTTON-WILLIAMS] 3rd E.Sur.R. attached 2 Bedf.R. & 'D' Cou. under Maj.J.Mackenzie, V.C. [John MacKENZIE, VC, DCM] 2 Bedf.R. formed up in rear of old British trench, in support, moving up into new line as places were vacated by 'B' & 'C' Coys. About 7.30 p.m. 'B' and 'C' Coys. advanced to the Attack, on right of 4th Camerons, with 2 sections of Bombthrowers under 2nd Lt.W.J. Stonier [William John STONIER], 2nd Bedf.R. working on the right down the communication trench towards K.4. & K.5. 'B' & 'C' Coys. on vacating the trenches to the assault were met by heavy shrapnel, machine gun & rifle fire & Coy.Q.M.S. (Actg.Coy.S.M.) was killed as he climbed over the parapet. (On 22nd May, official information was received, that this N.C.O. had been granted a commission as 2nd Lt. in the 2nd Cheshire Regt). By about 9 p.m. when the whole Battn. less 2 platoons of 'A' Coy. which were kept in reserve by the C.O. (Major C.C.Onslow [Cranley Charlton ONSLOW, CB, CMG, CBE, DSO]) had been launched to the attack, information was received by the C.O. that Lt.Col.Thorpe [Edward Ivan de Sausmarez THORPE, CMG, DSO] had called a halt, as he was unable to collect a party sufficiently strong to assault the German position, owing to the darkness, and many serious obstacles, in the nature of ditches varying from 2 to 5 ft. in depth, and from 2 to 5 ft. in width filled with water, running diagonally as well as parallel to our advance, which had broken all cohesion in the attacking force; and also that he could not gain touch with the Cameron Highrs: Just at this time too, 2nd Lt.W.J.Stonier [William John STONIER] reported having arrived at K.4, & meeting with opposition in that neighbourhood, his party had expended all their bombs and had themselves, with a small party under 2nd Lt.C.H.Brewer [Charles Herbert BREWER], been bombed and trench mortared from the direction of K.5. & had had to retire into the communication trench, which they continued to hold. A portion of the Battn. misunderstanding Lt.Col.Thorpe's [Edward Ivan de Sausmarez THORPE, CMG, DSO] order, had in the meantime retired on to our original position. Under these circumstances the C.O. reformed the whole of the Battn. in the original position, from which the attack was launched (L1 and L2), with the exception of the party in the Communication trench; and informed the Brigadier General H.WATTS how matters stood. During these operations Maj.J.Mackenzie V.C. [John MacKENZIE, VC] was killed & the following officers were wounded: - Capt.H.E.Huntriss [Harold Edward HUNTRISS], Lt.A.E.Kuhn [Alfred Edgar KUHN], 2nd Lts. A.Grover [Albert GROVER], R.S.Lardner [Reginald Seymour LARDNER], Lieut. F.V.Parker [Frederick Vivian PARKER] & R.H.Boys [Richard Harvey BOYS]. During the night information was received that a portion of the 4th Camerons had succeeded in entering the enemy trench. Several men were drowned in the ditches, referred to above
www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/2ndbn/2ndbtn1915diary.html
Charles Edward Dack…………………….............(RoH) (CM)
Lance Corporal 246. 8th Battalion East Surrey Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 30th September 1915. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Norfolk Cemetery, Becordel-Becourt, Somme, France. Ref. I. C. 8.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=39420
No match on Norlink
The 9 year old Charles E Dack is recorded on the 1901 Census at Hempstead Road, Holt. This is the household of his widowed mother, Sarah, (aged 44, from Holt and now supporting her family by working as a laundress and washerwoman. Her other children are:-
Daisy………aged 5.….born Holt
Ernest W…..aged 2.….born Holt (see next entry)
Ethel M……aged 15...born Holt
Matilda…….aged 11...born Holt
Sydney G….aged 12...born Holt (see second entry below)
On the 1891 Census, Sarah’s husband Matthew is still alive. His profession appears to be Shiphand. There appear to be four older children, Edith, Emma, William and Thomas. The family are living at Gravel Pit Lane, Holt.
The battalion’s war diary for this date includes the following:-
“During the day the Germans threw a number of rifle grenades, whiz-bangs and two six inch howitzer shells into the TAMBOUR DUCLOUS, our guns retaliating in the morning and afternoon. L\Cpl DACK and Private Meyer were both seriously wounded by one shell, L\Cpl DACK dying before removal from the Regimental Dressing Station Post”
qrrarchive.websds.net/PDF/ESD0081915006.pdf
Ernest Dack………………………………......................(RoH) (CM)
Private G/14677. 2nd Battalion Royal Sussex Regiment. Killed in action with the British Expeditionary Force on 28th September 1916. Born Holt. Enlisted Chelmsford. No known grave. Commemorated on Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 7 C.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=758227
No match on Norlink
See Census family details against brother Charles above.
The Battalions battle honours includes:-
Battle of Morval. (25-28 Sep 1916, including the capture of Combles, Lesboeufs and Gueudecourt).
outofbattle.blogspot.com/2008/06/2nd-battalion-royal-suss...
Sidney George Dack…………….................(RoH) (CM)
Private 17998. 1st Battalion Northamptonshire Regiment. Formerly 18990 Norfolk Regiment. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 26th August 1916. Born Holt. Enlisted Felixstowe. Buried: Heilly Station Cemetery, Mericourt-L'Abbe, Somme, France. Ref. III. G. 8.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=270710
No match on Norlink
See family details against brother Charles above.
The 1st Battalion had been heavily engaged on the 19th and the 20th having seized part of a German trench and holding it for 24 hours against numerous counter-attacks before finally being forced out.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=9058&p...
William R Dix………………………………....................(RoH) (CM)
Private 18011. 1st Battalion Northamptonshire Regiment. Formerly 14169 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 9th May 1915. Aged 19. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Son of William and Susan Dix, of Grove Rd., Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Le Touret Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 28
to 30.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=858578
(As William Dix)
No match on Norlink
The 6 year old William is recorded at Norwich Road, Holt having been born Pedham\Pulham(? - poor handwriting). This is the household of his parents, William, (age 35 and a Domestic Gardener from Wiveton), and Susan, (age 34 and from Holt). Their other children are:-
Ada…….aged 4.…born Cley
Agnes….aged 14...born Holt
Hilda…..aged 2.…born Cley
Mable….aged 12...born Holt
Maud…..aged 8.…born Pedham\Pulham
The Battle of Aubers
9 May 1915
Operational approach - two pincers north and south of Neuve Chappelle.
The Southern attack was to be made in easterly direction by the 1st and Meerut Divisions, on a 2400-yard front between Chocolat Menier Corner and Port Arthur (1st Division would have an attack frontage of 1600 yards; Meerut 800 yards), with the objective Rue du Marais - Lorgies - Ligny le Grand, incorporating La Cliqueterie (a heavily defended German strongpoint). The 2nd Division was moved up into reserve, from the La Bassée canal sector, leaving behind 4th (Guards) Brigade and receiving in exchange the 5th (London) Brigade of the London Division who moved to the canal in their place.
9 May: the Southern pincer
4.06am: sunrise and all very quiet on this front.
5.00am: British bombardment opens with field guns firing shrapnel at the German wire and howitzers firing High Explosive shells onto front line. German troops are seen peering above their parapet even while this shelling was going on.
5.30am: British bombardment intensifies, field guns switch to HE and also fire at breastworks. The lead battalions of the two assaulting Brigades of 1st Division go over the top to take up a position only 80 yards from German front. (2nd Brigade has 1/Northants and 2/Royal Sussex in front and 2/KRRC and 1/5th Royal Sussex in immediate support; 3rd Brigade has 2/Royal Munster Fusiliers and 2/Welsh in front, with 1/4th Royal Welsh Fusiliers in support). Heavy machine-gun fire cuts the attackers down even on their own ladders and parapet steps, but men continue to press forward as ordered.
In the area of the Indian Corps, the lead battalions of the Dehra Dun Brigade of the Meerut Division (2/2nd Ghurkas, 1/4th and 1st Seaforth Highlanders) were so badly hit by enemy fire that no men got beyond their own parapet and the front-line and communications trenches were soon filled with dead and wounded men.
5.40am: British bombardment lifts off front lines and advances 600 yards; infantry assault begins. Despite the early losses and enemy fire the three Brigades attempted to advance across No Man's Land. They were met by intense crossfire from the German machine-guns, which could not be seen in their ground-level and strongly protected emplacements. Whole lines of men were seen to be hit. Few lanes had been cut in the wire and even where men reached it they were forced to bunch, forming good targets for the enemy gunners. The leading battalions suffered very significant losses, particularly among officers and junior leaders. Around 100 men on the Northants and Munsters got into the German front, but all were killed or captured. The advance of the supporting battalions suffered similarly, and by 6.00am the advance had halted, with hundreds of men pinned down in No Man's Land, unable to advance or fall back.
6.15am: A repeat of the initial bombardment is ordered, with the added difficulty of uncertain locations of the most advanced troops.
7.20am: Major-General Haking (CO, 1st Division) reports failure and asks if he should bring in his last Brigade (1st (Guards)). He offered his opinion that it would not be successful.
Worst infantry casualties in the Southern attack, by battalion 1/ Northamptonshire 560, of which 17 offofficers First wave of 2nd Brigade
Joseph Dixon………………………………..................(RoH) (CM)
No further information available at present (215 potential matches on CWGC - check Genes Re-united to see if we can track down any likely individuals)
No match on Norlink
The 1901 Census for England and Wales has 5 Joseph Dixon’s with a Norfolk, or which only 2 are born after 1870. The two youngest ones are both born and still living in Sprowston on the edge of Norwich. Neither family has any apparent connection with the North Norfolk area by birth. There are also three Dixon’s recorded in Holt, a boy boarder, a teenage servant, and a widowed woman in her mid-thirties.
George Flood………………………………...................(RoH) (CM)
Private 3/647. 2nd Battalion Essex Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 6th April 1915. Born Gorleston-on-Sea. Lived Holt. Enlisted Colchester. Buried: Calvaire (Essex) Military Cemetery, Comines-Warneton, Hainaut, Belgium. Ref. I. L. 3.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=92427
No match on Norlink
There is a 19 year old George Flood who had been born in Gorleston, and was now employed as a Billiard Marker, living at 8 School Road, Runham, Great Yarmouth. This was the household of his married sister, Emma Read, (aged 22 and from East Dereham) and her husband, James, (aged 23 and a general labourer for the council). Emma and James have a son, Harry, who is under 1.
The same individual on the 1891 census is to be found at No 3, Waterloo, St Faiths. His parents are Charles, (who appears to be out of work), and Emily, who is listed as a master shoemaker. As well as George, they have four other children.
James William Graveling…………………............(RoH) (CM)
Private 48734. 6th Battalion Northamptonshire Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 31st August 1918. Aged 19. Born Holt. Enlisted Cromer. Son of Mr. W. J. Graveling, of Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Combles Communal Cemetery Extension, Somme, France. Ref. IV. A. 29.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=591766
No match on Norlink
The 2 year old James is recorded on the 1901 census at Gas Hill, Letheringsett Hill, Holt. This is the household of his parents, William, (aged 25 and a bricklayers labourer from Norwich), and Phoebe, (aged 21 and also from Norwich). As well as James, they have a daughter Edith, aged 3.
The 6th Battalion was part of the 18th (Eastern) Division, which lists amongst its Battle Honours:-
Second Battle of Bapaume. 31 Aug-3 Sep 1918.
www.warpath.orbat.com/divs/18_div.htm
www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_bapaumeII.html
Edward Greengrass……. (RoH) (Church memorial has Wallace Greengrass)
RoH had no further information available at present.
Most likely match
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=196818
Name: GREENGRASS Initials: E W
Rank: Lance Corporal Regiment/Service: Norfolk Regiment Unit Text: 1st Bn.
Date of Death: 21/08/1918 Service No: 43215
Grave/Memorial Reference: II. B. 13. Cemetery: FONCQUEVILLERS MILITARY CEMETERY
(The only other match is a Canadian soldier who appears to have been born in Canada, and with no obvious links to the area)
No obvious match on the 1901 Census under the name of either Edward or Wallace. However, if he was a career soldier, he could have been overseas at the time of the 1901 Census.
No match on Norlink
The 1st Battalion was part of the 5th Division, which lists amongst its Battle Honours:-
Battle of Albert. 21-23 Aug 1918, including the capture of Chuignes.
webstats.ordersofbattle.darkscape.net/site/warpath/divs/5...
In the same brigade were the 1st Bedfords. The extract from their war diary on this day reads:-
21 Aug 1918 Battalion moved forward to the attack at 4.45 a.m. meeting with very slight opposition. The objective was about 1500 yards from original German Front Line which had already been taken by the 37th Division. Battalion gained objective which they consolidated, remaining there in support to the 1/Norfolk Regt. who passed through to take the next objective.
Casualties Capts G. de C.[Geoffrey de Carteret] MILLAIS & H.J.WEST M.C. wounded (since died of wounds) & 46 O.R.s Killed & wounded etc.
www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/1stbn/1stbtn1918diary.html
Frederick W Grout…………………………..............(RoH) (CM)
Private 13812. 8th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 8th February 1916. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Albert Communal Cemetery Extension, Somme, France. Ref. B. 11.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=551902
No match on Norlink
The 18 year old Frederick W. can be found on the 1901 Census at Holt Hall Cottages, Holt. He was still single and working as a Gardeners Assistant.This is the household of his parents, Robert, (aged 49 and a Domestic Gardener from Coltishall), and Lucy, (aged 52 and from Wickmere). They also have a daughter, Edith S, age 21, living with them.
Ernest Guymer……………………………….................(RoH) (CM)
(It is highly likely that this is the Ernest Guymer on the memorial). Private 275014. 3rd Battalion London Regt (Royal Fusiliers). Formerly 21277 3rd East Kent Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 10th September 1918. Aged 38. Born Foulsham. Lived and enlisted Great Yarmouth. Son of Robert and Hannah Guymer. In the 1901 census, Ernest is working as a baker’s assistant and living with his widowed mother in Holt. Buried: St. Sever Cemetery Extension, Rouen, France. Ref. R. II. U. 9. (Thanks to Bernie Guymer for the family information)
CWGC has no personal details or age
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=518002
The 21 year old Ernest can indeed be found on the 1901 Census, living at Fish Hill, Holt, with his widowed mother. He had been born at Foulsham, single, and was now employed as a Bakers Assistant. His mother, Hannah, aged 66 and from Stibbard, was the head of the household. Her other children still resident with her are :-
Elvira….aged 23.…born Foulsham. Employed as a Grocers Assistant.
George…aged 26.…born Whitwell. Employed as a General Domestic.
Maffe…..aged 25,,,,born Whitwell. Grocer Shop Keeper.
The family lived two doors down from Fred Chestney, (q.v), on the census return.
No match on Norlink
Fred Herron………………………………......................(RoH) (CM)
Roll of Honour web-site has no further details
Possibles
Name: HERRON, FREDRICK Initials: F Nationality: United Kingdom Rank: Lance Corporal Regiment/Service: Yorkshire Regiment Unit Text: 4th Bn. Age: 23 Date of Death: 29/10/1918 Service No: 200184 Awards: M M Additional information: Brother of Herbert Herron, of Cliffe Bank, Piercebridge, Darlington. Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead Grave/Memorial Reference: LXVII. M. 21. Cemetery: ETAPLES MILITARY CEMETERY
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=502132
Name: HERRON Initials: F G Nationality: United Kingdom Rank: Private Regiment/Service: The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment) Unit Text: 8th Bn. Date of Death: 03/05/1918 Service No: 5670 Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead Grave/Memorial Reference: XI. C. 4. Cemetery: COLOGNE SOUTHERN CEMETERY
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=901745
Name: HERRON Initials: F H Nationality: United Kingdom Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Unit Text: 154th Coy. Age: 21 Date of Death: 20/09/1917 Service No: 102948 Additional information: Son of William and Harriett Herron, of 62, Leroy St., Tower Bridge Rd., Bermondsey, London. Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead Grave/Memorial Reference: XLV. D. 19. Cemetery: POELCAPELLE BRITISH CEMETERY
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=491625
Name: HERRON, FREDERICK NICOLL Initials: F N Nationality: Australian Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Australian Pioneers Unit Text: 2nd Date of Death: 29/09/1917 Service No: 1714 Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead Grave/Memorial Reference: XXV. B. 11. Cemetery: LIJSSENTHOEK MILITARY CEMETERY
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=431256
(Australian Army record checked - born Arbroath, Scotland, but no other obvious link with any other part of the UK. He‘s also on the Arbroath War Memorial)
Name: HERRON Initials: F H Nationality: United Kingdom Rank: Sapper Regiment/Service: Royal Engineers Date of Death: 28/04/1918 Service No: WR/200483 Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead Grave/Memorial Reference: In South-East part. Cemetery: BEARPARK (ST. EDMUND) CHURCHYARD
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=354511
No match on Norlink
No likely matches on the 1901 or 1911 Census
Reginald Horne……………………………….................(RoH) (CM)
Roll of Honour web-site has no further details
8 possible matches on CWGC, none with an obvious link to Norfolk and all with unknown age.
The 6 year old Reginald is recorded on the 1901 Census as living at Fairstead Hill Cottage, Holt, the town of his birth. This is the household of his parents, Walter, (aged 39 and a Stone Mason from Holt), and Charlotte, (aged 36 and also from Holt).Their other children are:-
Audrey…aged 1.….born Holt
Herbert…aged 11.…..born Holt
Mary……aged 15.…born Holt
Walter…..aged 14.…born Holt.
No match on Norlink
William Houchen……………………………….............(RoH) (CM)
Private 202529. 8th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 20th October 1917. Born Great Ellingham. Enlisted Cromer. Son of William and Emily Houchen of Reymerston; husband of Elizabeth Houchen of New St., Holt, Norfolk. Buried: New Irish Farm Cemetery, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. X. D. 6.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=452506
No match on Norlink
The 18 year William can be found on the 1901 census at North Green Farm, Reymerston. Having been born at Great Ellingham, he now works as a Outfitting Assistant. The address is the household of his parents, William, (a 44 year old farmer from Great Ellingham) and Emily, (aged 47 and also from Great Ellingham). Living with them is Emily’s sister Rebecca Rivett who is single as well as their children:-
Arthur……aged 9.……born Great Ellingham
Charles…..aged 15.…..born Great Ellingham, Occupation - Farmers Son
Frank…….aged 11.…..born Great Ellingham
Matilda….aged 7.…….born Reymerston
Sarah…….aged 12.…..born Great Ellingham
October 1917
The first three weeks of October were spent on the west bank of the Yser canal, and partly in training for the attack of October 22nd in the Poelcappelle neighbourhood. On the 8th Leiutenant -Colonel Ferguson and commanding the battalion almost contiously for three years proceeded on six months special leave to England and was suceeded by Mjor E. N.Snepp. The only other notable event was on the 15th when the German bombardment was specially severe causing several causualties. One shell made a direct hit on a 'pill-box' in which was the regimental aid post. The medical officer was wounded two men were killed and one wounded. On the 20th the battalion was in Cane trench ready for the forthcoming attack "
It then goes on to decribe the attack which went in on around 5.50am of the 22nd. The Norfolks went first, leapt frogged by the 10th Essex. Despite the mud all the objectives were achieved.
"The triumphant Essex and Norfolks...........tramped back to hear the whole division ...and General Maxse.... singing their paise. "
Losses were heavy and this was destined to be the Battalions last great action before it's dissolution. Being split up in the new year to go to the 7th and 9th Norfolks
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t...
Herbert Henry Jenkinson…………………...........(RoH) (CM)
Private 65059. 109th Company Labour Corps. Formerly 48973 29th Battalion Middlesex Regiment. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 29th August 1917. Born and lived Holt. Enlisted Cromer. Son of Robert and Martha A. Jenkinson, of Pearson's Buildings, Holt, Norfolk. Buried: White House Cemetery, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. I. C. 2.
On CWGC as H Jenkinson
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=454688
No match on Norlink
The 7 year old Herbert is recorded on the 1901 Census at Old Work House Yard, Holt. This is the household of his parents, Robert, (aged 35 and a Carter for a Domestic Merchant from Holt), and Martha, (aged 35 and from Brinton). Their other children are:-
Celia…….aged 4.….born Holt
Eliza…….aged 5.….born Holt
Hilda…….aged 1.…born Holt
Mildred….aged 2.…born Holt
Richard Knights………………………………................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 3288. 6th Battalion Rifle Brigade. Died on 22nd August 1920. Buried: Holt Burial Ground. Ref. C. 598.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802699
No match on Norlink
The 10 year old Richard is recorded on the 1901 census at Chapel Street, Holt. This was the household of his parents, William, (aged 55 and an Ordinary Field Labourer from Edgefield), and Deborah, (aged 51 and from Rudham). Their other children are:-
Charles……..aged 21.….born Holt. Occupation - Bricklayer
Ellen………..aged 14.….born Holt
Frederick……aged 12.…born Holt
Stephen……..aged 8.…..born Holt
John Knowles………………………………..................(RoH) (CM)
Private 12762. 7th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 1st November 1915. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Lillers Communal Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. IV. D. 33.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2947636
No match on Norlink
There are 2 possible matches on the 1901 Census. One aged 6, born Holt, now living at Holt Road, Edgefield. Parents are Thomas and Amy. The other is aged 9, born Holt and living at Norwich Road, Holt at the time of the census. Parents are Albert and Harriet.
Benjamin Lake………………………………..................(RoH) (CM)
Roll of Honour web-site has no further details
Only Benjamin listed and most likely match based on parents initial
Name: LAKE, BENJAMIN
Rank: Private Regiment/Service: 7th (Queen's Own) Hussars
Age: 39 Date of Death: 21/01/1919 Service No: 45645
Additional information: Son of Mr. and Mrs. F. Lake.
Buried in Muttra Cemetery. Grave/Memorial Reference: Face 1. Memorial: MADRAS 1914-1918 WAR MEMORIAL, CHENNAI
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1465833
The 20 year old Benjamin is recorded at Fairstead Road, Holt, on the 1901 Census. He was born at Holt, is still single and works as an Ostler Groom. This is the household of his parents, Frederick, (aged 50 and a house painter from Wisbech), and Maria, (aged 48 and from Marham). Their other children are:-
Edith……aged 10.…born Holt
Flora V…aged 15.…born Holt.General Domestic Servant.
Maud……aged 7.….born Holt
Robert M..aged 17...born Holt.Bricklayers Labourer.
Victor Lewis……………………………….....................(RoH) (CM)
Private 15997. 8th (Service) Battalion, Devonshire Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 14th July 1916. Born and lived Holt. Enlisted Southwark, Surrey. Buried: Quarry Cemetery, Montauban, Somme, France. Ref. IV. D. 4.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=245422
No match on Norlink
The 3 year old Victor J. is recorded on the 1901 Census at Bull Street, Holt. This was the household of his parents, Robert C S, (aged 39 and a Joiner from Holt), and Ellen L. (aged 40 and from Marylebone, London). Their other children are:-
Alfred J……….aged u/1.…..born Holt
Horace C………aged 11.……born Marylebone
Louie E………..aged 13.…..born London West Bourne Park
Nellie E………..aged 6.……born Walthamstow, Essex
Vio;et B………..aged 8.……born Walthamstow, Essex
On this day the 8th Battalion carried out a successful night attack on the Snout (the German second position) in Bazentin Wood after a 4 mile approach march. After consolidation withdrawn to reserve in White Trench.
www.keepmilitarymuseum.org/somme/reg_8th_devons.php?
Charles Percy Loades………………………...........(RoH) (CM)
Lance Sergeant 328011. 1st/ 6th Battalion Kings’ (Liverpool Regiment). Formerly 206083 Norfolk Yeomanry. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 7th September 1918. Aged 37. Born and lived Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Son of William and Susanna Loades, of 55, St. Philip's Rd., Norwich, Norfolk. Buried: Terlincthun British Cemetery, Wimille, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. III. C. 30.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=4026158
No match on Norlink
The 19 year old Charlie P is recorded on the 1901 Census at Mundesley Road, North Walsham. He was born at Holt, and was employed as a House Painter and Decorator. This was the household of his parents, William, (aged 50 and a House Painter and decorator from Holt) and Susannah, (aged 55 and also from Holt).They also have their two grown up daughters living with them - Eva Grace, (aged 16 and born Holt), and Lilian K, (aged 23, born Holt and working as a dressmaker).
Robert Edmund Loynes…………………..............(RoH) (CM)
Fitter Staff Sergeant 137760. 258th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 6th June 1918. Aged 36. Born Holt. Lived King’s Lynn. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Robert John and Ann Loynes. Buried: Cabaret-Rouge British Cemetery, Souchez, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. VIII. M. 32.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=586466
There is a picture of Fitter Staff Sergeant Loynes on Norlink
norlink.norfolk.gov.uk/02_Catalogue/02_013_PictureTitleIn...
The accompanying notes are:-
Staff Sergeant Loynes was born in Holt on 6th October 1881. Educated at Holt and Brancaster, he enlisted on 3rd September 1914. He was killed in action in France on 6th June 1918
The 19 year old Robert Edmond is recorded on the 1901 Census at Main Road, Brancaster. He had been born in Holt, was single and working as an engine fitter. This is the household of his parents, Robert John, (aged 52 and an Engine Fitter from Cley), and Annie, (aged 54 from Boston, Lincs). They also have a grown up daughter, Grace Elizabeth, aged 19, living with them. On the 1891 Census the family are recorded at Gravel Pit Lane, Holt.
Robert also is listed on the Melton Constable - Midland and Great Northern Railway War Memorial
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t...
And the Brancaster one
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Brancaster.html
Walter Mann………………………………......................(RoH) (CM)
Gunner 146416. 16th Trench Mortar Battery, Royal Field Artillery. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th March 1917. Lived Holt. Enlisted Woolwich, S.E. Buried: Kemmel Chateau Military Cemetery, Heuvelland, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. G. 28.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=155361
No match on Norlink
Two possible matches on the 1901 Census with a Holt connection. One is aged 4 and living at Cromer Road, Holt. His parents are Robert and Annie. The other (Walter J) is aged 12 and living at the Market Place, Holt. His parents are John and Rebecca.
Victor George Mayes……………………................(RoH) (CM)
Private 23157. 7th Battalion Border Regiment. Formerly 18987 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 13th April 1916. Aged 24. Born Ashwell Thorpe, Norfolk. Lived Marsham, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Mrs. Hannah J. Mayes, of The Lodge, Wramplingham, Wymondham, Norfolk. Buried: Cite Bonjean Military Cemetery, Armentieres, Nord, France. Ref. IX. G. 64.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=276911
No match on Norlink
There are also various Georges with a Norfolk connection on the 1901 Census. However the only Victor is recorded at The Street, Ashwellthorpe. He is aged 10 and the village is given as his birth place. This is the household of his parents, George, (aged 42 and a “Gardener at Hall” from Talcolneston.), and Hannah, (aged 35 and from Fundenhall.). Their other children are:-
Ada…….aged 8.…..born Ashwellthorpe
Arthur….aged 17.…born Ashwellthorpe. Shepherd on Farm.
Florence..aged 12.…born Ashwellthorpe
Herbert…aged 6.…..born Ashwellthorpe
Joseph Bernard McMahon……………………………….............(RoH) (CM)
Serjeant 41329. 1st Battalion Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 4th October 1917. Aged 44. Lived Holt. Enlisted Scunthorpe. Father of James Bernard McMahon, of Fish Hill, Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Dozinghem Military Cemetery, Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. VII. G. 5.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=153272
No match on Norlink
No obvious match on the 1901 Census.
Frank Mears……………………………….......................(RoH) (CM)
Sapper 84665. 208th Field Company, Corps of Royal Engineers. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 10th April 1918. Born Kelling, Norfolk. Lived Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Outtersteene Communal Cemetery Extension, Bailleul, Nord, France. Ref. II. D. 32. See also 34th Norfolk Division, Royal Engineers.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=42401
No match on Norlink
The 19 year old Frank is recorded on the 1901 Census at Queens Yard, New Street Holt, having been born at Kelling. Frank is a Railway Navvy. This is the household of his parents, James, (age 62 and a Teamster on Farm from Edgefield), and Mary Ann, (aged 58 and from Gunthorpe).
The 208th was a “Norfolk” Unit, assigned to the 34th Division.
The division includes amonst itsd battle honours:-
Battle of Estaires. 9-11 Apr 1918, including the first defence of Givenchy.
www.ordersofbattle.darkscape.net/site/warpath/divs/34_div...
Battle of Estaires
9 - 11 April
This was the first phase of the battle and involved the German forces attacking the defending Portuguese and British Divisions.[1]
In one of the greatest defeats in the military history of Portugal, the 2nd Portuguese Division, approximately 20,000 men commanded by General Gomes da Costa (later President of Portugal), lost about 300 officers and 7,000 men killed, wounded and prisoners, resisting the attack of four German divisions with 50,000 men of 6th German Army, commanded by General Ferdinand von Quast in the first day of the German offensive. Emergency British troops deployed to help the Portuguese defenses were also captured or forced to retreat.
On the flanks of the Portuguese, the British 55th Division (south of the Portuguese) were able to refuse their northern brigade and despite numerous further attacks formed a firm defensive line which limited the effectiveness of the German attack. On the Portuguese northern flank, the British 40th Division were outflanked and attacked from the rear and as a result allowed the attacking German units to extend the breakthrough of the front line further north.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys
oxfordshireandbuckinghamshirelightinfantry.wordpress.com/...
William James Middleton……………………........(RoH) (CM)
Private F/3305. 12th Battalion Duke of Cambridge’s Own Middlesex Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 3rd May 1917. Born Saxlingham, Norfolk. Lived Holt. Enlisted Norwich. No known grave. Commemorated on Arras Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Bay 7.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=781115
No match on Norlink
The 10 year old William J. is recorded on the 1901 Census at the Holt Road Shop, Saxlingham, (in the district of Walsingham), This is the househo
"Chinese socialism is founded upon Darwin and the theory of evolution." Mao Tse-tung (1893 – 1976). Kampf um Mao's Erbe (1977)
On behalf of Britain, I ask the whole world to accept the sincere apologies of the British people, for the damage done to science by Charles Darwin.
Britain has a great scientific heritage, having produced some of the world's finest, and greatest scientists. However, Britain's enormous contribution to science has been seriously sullied by the false ideas popularised by Charles Darwin, which have led to a serious decline in scientific integrity, and spawned a whole catalogue of fakes, frauds and very dubious science.
Although it has been evident for some time that Darwinian, progressive evolution is not scientifically credible, and that there is a great deal of evidence against it, the idea has now developed a life of its own, and has become an essential lynch pin in an ideological agenda. As a consequence, there is no longer any normal, scientific objectivity permitted and Darwinism has become uniquely sacrosanct. This is very damaging to genuine scientific endeavour, and has the effect of creating a virtual straitjacket, for any field of research that is likely to have any adverse implications for Darwinism.
So, what is the truth about Darwinian, progressive (microbes to human) evolution?
The fact is, as we will show later, there is no credible mechanism for progressive evolution.
What exactly was the erroneous idea that Darwin popularised?
Darwin believed that there is unlimited variability in the gene pool of all creatures and plants. And that this unlimited variabilty has, over vast time, transformed an original, living cell into humans (and every other living thing) through natural selection of beneficial and advantageous traits.
However, the changes possible were well known by selective breeders to be strictly limited.
This is because the changes seen in selective breeding are due to the shuffling, deletion and emphasis of genetic information already existing in the gene pool (micro-evolution). There is no viable mechanism for creating new, beneficial, genetic information required to create entirely new structures and features (macro-evolution), or to create the massive amount of new information required to transform an original, single living cell into all the complex, life forms (including humans) that exist.
Darwin rashly ignored the limits which were well known to breeders (even though he selectively bred pigeons himself, and should have known better). He simply extrapolated the strictly limited, minor changes observed in selective breeding to major, unlimited, progressive changes able to create new structures, organs etc. through natural selection, over millions of years.
Of course, the length of time involved made no difference, the existing, genetic information could not increase of its own accord, no matter how long the timescale.
That was a gigantic flaw in Darwinism, and opponents of Darwin's ideas tried to argue that changes were limited, as selective breeding had demonstrated. But because Darwinism had acquired a status more akin to an ideology than purely, objective science, belief in the Darwinian idea outweighed the verdict of observational and experimental science, and classical Darwinism became firmly established as scientific orthodoxy for nearly a century.
Opponents continued to argue all this time, that Darwinism was unscientific nonsense, but they were ostracised and dismissed as cranks, weirdoes or religious fanatics.
Finally however, it was discovered that the opponents of Darwin were perfectly correct - and that constructive, genetic changes (progressive, macro-evolution) require new, additional, genetic information.
This looked like the ignominious end of Darwinism, as there was no credible, natural mechanism able to create new, constructive, genetic information. And Darwinism should have been heading for the dustbin of history,
However, rather than ditch the whole idea, the vested interests in Darwinism had become so great, with numerous, lifelong careers and an ideological agenda which had become dependant on the Darwinian belief system, a desperate attempt was made to rescue it from its justified demise.
A mechanism had to be invented to explain the origin of new, constructive information.
That invented mechanism was 'mutations'. Mutations are ... genetic, copying MISTAKES.
The general public had already been convinced that classical Darwinism was a scientific fact, and that anyone who questioned it was a crank, so all that had to be done, as far as the public was concerned, was to give the impression that the theory had simply been refined and updated in the light of modern science.
The fact that classical Darwinism had been wrong all along, and was fatally flawed from the outset was kept quiet. This meant that the opponents of Darwinism, who had been right all along, and were the real champions of science, continued to be vilified as cranks and scorned by the mass media and establishment.
The new developments were simply portrayed as the evolution and development of the theory. The impression was given that there was nothing wrong with the idea of progressive (macro) evolution, it had simply 'evolved' and 'improved' in the light of greater knowledge.
A sort of progressive evolution of the idea of evolution.
This new, 'improved' Darwinism became known as Neo-Darwinism.
So what is Neo-Darwinism? And did it really solve the fatal flaws of the Darwinian idea?
Neo Darwinism is progressive, macro evolution - as Darwin had proposed, but based on the ludicrous idea that random mutations (accidental, genetic, copying mistakes) selected by natural selection, can provide the constructive, genetic information capable of creating entirely new features, anatomical structures, organs, and biological systems. In other words, it is macro evolution based on a belief in a total progression from microbes to man through billions of random, genetic, copying MISTAKES, over millions of years.
However, there is no evidence for it whatsoever, and it is should be classified as unscientific nonsense which defies logic, the laws of probability, the law of cause and effect and Information Theory.
People can be confused, because they know that 'micro'-evolution is an observable fact, which everyone accepts. However, evolutionists cynically exploit that confusion by frequently citing obvious examples of micro-evolution such as: the Peppered Moth, Darwin's finches, so-called superbugs etc., as evidence of macro-evolution.
Of course such examples are not evidence of macro-evolution at all. The public is being hoodwinked, and it is a disgrace to science. There are no observable examples or evidence of macro-evolution and no examples of a mutation, or a series of mutations capable of creating entirely new structures, body parts, organs etc. and that is a fact. It is no wonder that W R Thompson stated in the preface to the 1959 centenary edition of Darwin's Origin of the Species, that ... the success of Darwinism was accompanied by a decline in scientific integrity.
Micro-evolution is simply the small changes which take place, through natural selection or selective breeding, but only within the strict limits of the built-in variability of the existing gene pool. Any constructive changes outside the extent of the existing gene pool requires a credible mechanism for the creation of new, beneficial, genetic information, that is essential for macro evolution.
Micro evolution does not involve or require the creation of any new, genetic information. So micro evolution and macro evolution are entirely different. There is no connection between them at all, whatever evolutionists may claim.
Once people fully understand that the differences they see in various dogs breeds, for example, are merely an example of limited micro-evolution (selection of existing genetic information) and nothing to do with progressive macro-evolution, they begin to realise that they have been fed an incredible story. The dogs remain dogs and will always remain dogs, hundreds of years of experiment and observation through selective breeding confirms that.
To explain further.... Neo-Darwinian, macro evolution is the incredible notion that everything in the genome of humans and every living thing past and present (apart from the original genetic information in the very first living cell) is the result of the accumulation of millions of genetic, copying mistakes..... mutations accruing upon previous mutations .... on and, and on, and on.
In other words, Neo-Darwinism proposes that the complete genome (every scrap of genetic information in the DNA) of every living thing that has ever lived was created by a long series ... of mistakes upon mistakes .... of mistakes .... of mistakes etc. etc.
If we look at the whole picture we soon realise that what is actually being proposed by evolutionists is that, apart from the original information in the first living cell (and evolutionists have yet to explain where that original information came from?) - every additional scrap of genetic information for all - features, structures, body parts, systems and processes that exist, or have ever existed in all living things, such as:
skin, bones, bone joints, shells, flowers, leaves, wings, scales, muscles, fur, hair, teeth, claws, toe and finger nails, horns, beaks, nervous systems, blood, blood vessels, brains, lungs, hearts, digestive systems, vascular systems, liver, kidneys, pancreas, bowels, immune systems, senses, eyes, ears, sex organs, sexual reproduction, sperm, eggs, pollen, the process of metamorphosis, marsupial pouches, marsupial embryo migration, mammary glands, hormone production, melanin etc. .... have been created from scratch, by an incredibly long series of small, accumulated mistakes ... mistake - upon mistake - upon mistake - upon mistake - over and over again, millions of times. That is ... every part, system and process of all living things are the result of literally billions of genetic MISTAKES of MISTAKES, accumulated over many millions of years.
So what we are asked to believe is that something like a vascular system, or reproductive organs, developed in small, random, incremental steps, with every step being the result of a copying mistake, and with each step being able to provide a significant survival or reproductive advantage in order to be preserved and become dominant in the gene pool. Incredible!
If you believe that ... you will believe anything.
Even worse, evolutionists have yet to cite a single example of a positive, beneficial, mutation which adds constructive information to the genome of any creature. Yet they expect us to believe that we have been converted from an original, single living cell into humans by an accumulation of billions of beneficial mutations (mistakes).
Conclusion:
Progressive, microbes-to-man evolution is impossible - there is no credible mechanism to produce all the new, genetic information which is essential for that to take place.
The evolution story is an obvious fairy tale presented as scientific fact.
However, nothing has changed - those who dare to question Neo-Darwinism are still portrayed as idiots, retards, cranks, weirdoes, anti-scientific ignoramuses or religious fanatics.
Want to join the club?
What about the fossil record?
The formation of fossils.
Books explaining how fossils are formed frequently give the impression that it takes many years of build up of layers of sediment to bury organic remains, which then become fossilised.
Therefore many people don't realise that this impression is erroneous, because it is a fact that all good, intact fossils require rapid burial in sufficient sediment to prevent decay or predatory destruction.
So it is evident that rock containing good, undamaged fossils was laid down rapidly, sometimes in catastrophic conditions.
The very existence of intact fossils is a testament to rapid burial and sedimentation.
You don't get fossils from slow burial. Organic remains don't just sit around on the sea bed, or elsewhere, waiting for sediment to cover them a millimetre at a time, over a long period.
Unless they are buried rapidly, they would soon be damaged or destroyed by predation and/or decay.
The fact that so many sedimentary rocks contain fossils, indicates that the sediment that created them was normally laid down within a short time.
Another important factor is that many large fossils (tree trunks, large fish, dinosaurs etc.) intersect several or many strata (sometimes called layers) which clearly indicates that multiple strata were formed simultaneously in a single event by grading/segregation of sedimentary particles into distinct layers, and not stratum by stratum over long periods of time or different geological eras, which is the evolutionist's, uniformitarian interpretation of the geological column.
In view of the fact that many large fossils required a substantial amount of sediment to bury them, and the fact that they intersect multiple strata (polystrate fossils), how can any sensible person claim that strata or, for that matter, any fossil bearing rock, could have taken millions of years to form?
You don't even need to be a qualified sedimentologist or geologist to come to that conclusion, it is common sense.
Rapid formation of strata - latest evidence:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
All creatures and plants alive today, which are found as fossils, are the same in their fossil form as the living examples, in spite of the fact that the fossils are claimed to be millions of years old. So all living things today could be called 'living fossils' inasmuch as there is no evidence of any evolutionary changes in the alleged multi-million year timescale. The fossil record shows either extinct species or unchanged species, that is all.
Living Fossils - when NO evidence IS evidence.
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/15157133658
The Cambrian Explosion.
Trilobites and other many creatures appeared suddenly in some of the earliest rocks of the fossil record, with no intermediate ancestors. This sudden appearance of a great variety of advanced, fully developed creatures is called the Cambrian Explosion. Trilobites are especially interesting because they have complex eyes, which would need a lot of progressive evolution to develop such advanced features However, there is no evidence of any evolution leading up to the Cambrian Explosion, and that is a serious dilemma for evolutionists.
Trilobites are now thought to be extinct, although it is possible that similar creatures could still exist in unexplored parts of deep oceans.
See fossil of a crab unchanged after many millions of years:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/12702046604/in/set-72...
Fossil museum: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
What about all the claimed scientific evidence that evolutionists have found for evolution?
The evolutionist 'scientific' method has resulted in a serious decline in scientific integrity, and has given us such scientific abominations as:
Piltdown Man (a fake),
Nebraska Man (a pig),
South West Colorado Man (a horse),
Orce man (a donkey),
Embryonic Recapitulation (a fraud),
Archaeoraptor (a fake),
Java Man (a giant gibbon),
Peking Man (a monkey),
Montana Man (an extinct dog-like creature)
Nutcracker Man (an extinct type of ape - Australopithecus)
The Horse Series (unrelated species cobbled together),
Peppered Moth (faked photographs)
The Orgueil meteorite (faked evidence)
Etc. etc.
Anyone can call anything 'science' ... it doesn't make it so.
All these examples were trumpeted by evolutionists as scientific evidence for evolution.
Do we want to trust evolutionists claims about scientific evidence, when they have such an appalling record?
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
Piltdown Man reigned for over 40 years, as a supreme example of human evolution, before it was exposed as a crudely, fashioned fake.
Is that 'science'?
The ludicrous Hopeful Monster Theory and so-called Punctuated Equilibrium (evolution in big jumps) were invented by evolutionists as a desperate attempt to explain away the lack of fossil evidence for evolution. They are proposed methods of evolution which, it is claimed, need no fossil evidence. They are actually an admission that the required fossil evidence does not exist.
Piltdown Man... survived as alleged proof of evolution for over 40 years in evolution textbooks and was taught in schools and universities, it survived peer reviews etc. and used as supposed, irrefutable evidence for evolution at the famous Scopes Trial (subject of the film 'Inherit the Wind').
Nebraska Man, this was a single tooth of a peccary. it was trumpeted as scientific evidence for the evolution of humans, and artists impressions of an ape-like man appeared in newspapers magazines etc. Such 'scientific' evidence is enough to make any genuine, respectable scientist weep. Having been found 3 years earlier, it was 'resurrected' by evolutionists just before the Scopes Trial in order to influence public opinion in advance of the trial.
South West Colorado Man, another tooth .... of a horse this time... It was presented as evidence for human evolution.
Orce man, a fragment of skullcap, which was most likely from a donkey, but even if it was human. such a tiny fragment is certainly not any proof of human evolution as it was made out to be.
Embryonic Recapitulation, the evolutionist zealot Ernst Haeckel (who was a hero of Hitler) published fraudulent drawings of embryos and his theory was readily accepted by evolutionists as proof of evolution. Even after he was exposed as a fraudster, evolutionists still continued to use his fraudulent evidence in books and publications on evolution, including school textbooks, until very recently.
Archaeoraptor, A so-called feathered dinosaur from the Chinese fossil faking industry. It managed to fool credulous evolutionists, because it was exactly what they were looking for. The evidence fitted the wishful thinking.
Java Man, Dubois, the man who discovered Java Man and declared it a human ancestor ..... admitted much later that it was actually a giant gibbon, however, that spoilt the evolution story which had been built up around it, so evolutionists were reluctant to get rid of it, and still maintained it was a human ancestor. Dubois had also 'forgotten' to mention that he found the bones of modern humans at the same site.
Peking Man, made up from monkey skulls which were found in an ancient limestone burning industrial site where there were crushed monkey skulls and modern human bones. Drawings were made of Peking Man, but the original skull conveniently disappeared. So that allowed evolutionists to continue to use it as evidence without fear of it ever being debunked.
The Horse Series, unrelated species cobbled together, They were from different continents and were in no way a proper series of intermediates, They had different numbers of ribs etc. and the very first in the line, is similar to a creature alive today - the Hyrax.
Peppered Moth, moths were glued to trees to fake photographs for the peppered moth evidence. They don't normally rest on trees in daytime. In any case, the selection of a trait which is part of the variability of the existing gene pool, is not progressive evolution. It is just normal, natural selection within limits, which no-one disputes.
The Orgueil meteorite, organic material and even plant seeds were embedded and glued into the Orgueil meteorite and disguised with coal dust to make them look like part of the original meteorite, in a fraudulent attempt to fool the world into believing in the discredited idea of spontaneous generation of life, which is essential for progressive evolution to get started. The reasoning being that, if it could be shown that there was life in space, spontaneous generation must have happened there and could therefore be declared by evolutionists as being a scientific fact.
Is macro evolution even science? The answer to that has to be an emphatic - NO!
The usual definition of science is: that which can be demonstrated and observed and repeated. Evolution cannot be proved, or tested; it is claimed to have happened in the past, and, as such, it is not subject to the scientific method. It is merely a belief.
Of course, there is nothing wrong with having beliefs, especially if there is a wealth of evidence to support them, but they should not be presented as scientific fact. As we have shown, in the case of progressive evolution, there is a wealth of evidence against it. Nevertheless, we are told by evolutionist zealots that microbes to man evolution is a fact and likewise the spontaneous generation of life from sterile matter. They are deliberately misleading the public on both counts. Evolution is not only not a fact, it is not even proper science.
You don't need a degree in rocket science to understand that Darwinism has damaged and undermined science.
However, what does the world's, most famous, rocket scientist (the father of modern rocket science) have to say?
Wernher von Braun (1912 – 1977) PhD Aerospace Engineering
"In recent years, there has been a disturbing trend toward scientific dogmatism in some areas of science. Pronouncements by notable scientists and scientific organizations about "only one scientifically acceptable explanation" for events which are clearly outside the domain of science -- like all origins are -- can only destroy the curiosity of those who must carry on the future work of science. Humility, a seemingly natural product of studying nature, appears to have largely disappeared -- at least its visibility is clouded from the public's viewpoint.
Extrapolation backward in time until there are no physical artifacts of certainty that can be examined, requires sophisticated guessing which scientists prefer to refer to as "inference." Since hypotheses, a product of scientific inference, are virtually the stuff that comprises the cutting edge of scientific progress, inference must constantly be nurtured. However, the enthusiasm that encourages inference must be matched in degree with caution that clearly differentiates inference from what the public so readily accepts as "scientific fact." Failure to keep these two factors in balance can lead either to a sterile or a seduced science. 'Science but not Scientists' (2006) p.xi"
And the eminent scientist, William Robin Thompson (1887 - 1972) Entomologist and Director of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, Canada, who was asked to write the introduction of the centenary edition of Darwin's 'Origin', wrote:
"The concept of organic Evolution is very highly prized by biologists, for many of whom it is an object of genuinely religious devotion, because they regard it as a supreme integrative principle. This is probably the reason why the severe methodological criticism employed in other departments of biology has not yet been brought to bear against evolutionary speculation." 'Science and Common Sense' (1937) p.229
“As we know, there is a great divergence of opinion among biologists … because the evidence is unsatisfactory and does not permit any certain conclusion. It is therefore right and proper to draw the attention of the non-scientific public to
the disagreements about evolution. But some recent remarks of evolutionists show that they think this unreasonable.
This situation, where scientific men rally to the defence of a doctrine they are unable to define scientifically, much less demonstrate with scientific rigor, attempting to maintain its credit with the public by the suppression of criticism and the elimination of difficulties, is abnormal and unwise in science.”
Prof. W. R. Thompson, F.R.S., introduction to the 1956 edition of Darwin's 'Origin of the Species'
"When I was asked to write an introduction replacing the one prepared a quarter of a century ago by the distinguished Darwinian, Sir Anthony Keith [one of the "discoverers" of Piltdown Man], I felt extremely hesitant to accept the invitation . . I am not satisfied that Darwin proved his point or that his influence in scientific and public thinking has been beneficial. If arguments fail to resist analysis, consent should be withheld and a wholesale conversion due to unsound argument must be regarded as deplorable. He fell back on speculative arguments.
"He merely showed, on the basis of certain facts and assumptions, how this might have happened, and as he had convinced himself he was able to convince others.
"But the facts and interpretations on which Darwin relied have now ceased to convince.
"This general tendency to eliminate, by means of unverifiable speculations, the limits of the categories Nature presents to us is the inheritance of biology from The Origin of Species. To establish the continuity required by the theory, historical arguments are invoked, even though historical evidence is lacking. Thus are engendered those fragile towers of hypothesis based on hypothesis, where fact and fiction intermingle in an inextricable confusion."—*W.R. Thompson, "Introduction," to Everyman’s Library issue of Charles Darwin, Origin of Species (1958 edition).
"The evolution theory can by no means be regarded as an innocuous natural philosophy, but rather is a serious obstruction to biological research. It obstructs—as has been repeatedly shown—the attainment of consistent results, even from uniform experimental material. For everything must ultimately be forced to fit this theory. An exact biology cannot, therefore, be built up."—*H. Neilsson, Synthetische Artbildng, 1954, p. 11
Berkeley University law professor, Philip Johnson, makes the following points: “(1) Evolution is grounded not on scientific fact, but on a philosophical belief called naturalism; (2) the belief that a large body of empirical evidence supports evolution is an illusion; (3) evolution is itself a religion; and, (4) if evolution were a scientific hypothesis based on rigorous study of the evidence, it would have been abandoned long ago.”
Video clip:
Famous, militant atheist, Richard Dawkins tries to define 'nothing' as 'something', and is surprised and shocked when the audience sensibly reacts with laughter.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6H9XirkhZY
Dr James Tour - 'The Origin of Life' - Abiogenesis decisively refuted.
FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE
The Law of Cause and Effect. Dominant Principle of Classical Physics. David L. Bergman and Glen C. Collins
www.thewarfareismental.net/b/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/b...
"The Big Bang's Failed Predictions and Failures to Predict: (Updated Aug 3, 2017.) As documented below, trust in the big bang's predictive ability has been misplaced when compared to the actual astronomical observations that were made, in large part, in hopes of affirming the theory."
kgov.com/big-bang-predictions
The KOM League
Flash Report
August 3, 2021
After hours and hours of contemplating attempting to write another report the result is available at: www.flickr.com/photos/60428361@N07/51355466713 Try to read it. If it isn’t possible return the unused/unread portion for a complete refund.
It has been nearly two months since an attempt has been made to formulate, let alone transmit a Flash Report. A lot of time has been afforded the old batboy to sit and look at his I-pad and work the Intermet looking for clues of former KOM league who were; found, never located and deceased. That is basis for this effort.
Leading off is the first obituary that has ever been shared in Spanish. The reason its not in English is due to my lack of bilinguality. The deceased is Ernie Garcia who I saw play at the Carthage ballpark, in 1951. He was the shortstop for Ted Gullic’s Bartlesville Pirates. He formed a good doubleplay combination with the late E. C. Leslie of Kansas City, Missouri who spent his adult life coaching/teaching high school in Lubbock, Texas.
Following the Ernie Garcia obituary are tributes to Richard Pertzborn of the 1947 Independence Yankees , Ray Haley of that same franchise in 1948, Ernest Jordan Jr—1950 Ponca City Dodgers, Carroll Ethan Bryan and Edward Humphrey Hughes Jr.—1952 Blackwell Broncos, Merlin Leo Jorgensen—1951 Bartlesville Pirates and 1952 Pittsburg/Bartlesville Pirates, Robert Wesley James—1951 Pittsburg Browns and another shot of identifying a member of the 1950 Bartlesville Pirates who was either James Parker Williams or James Park Williams.
So, sit back and relax, This is going to be a very long report. Feel free to hit the delete key at anytime. However, before doing so you might consider saving it for future reading as there isn’t a promise of future reports. That is being said due to the fact that it isn’t possible to document there are more than 136 former KOM leaguers currently emitting carbon dioxide.
There are possibly another 25 former KOM leaguers still on this earthly plane but either the inability to locate them, on my part, or their ignoring letters, telephone calls and e-mails it is not possible to provide an exact count.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Ernesto “Natas” Garcia
Bartlesville Pirates 2nd baseman 1951—Passed away April 2, 2017
(Jack Morris, Baseball Necrologist provided this information)
El amigo Luis Alarcón, presidente del Concejo Municipal del Salón de la Fama del Deportista Nogalense, nos da la triste noticia del sentido deceso de Ernesto “Natas” García, un excelentísimo segunda base que también marcó época en la Liga de la Costa del Pacífico, la Mexicana de Béisbol, la Invernal Sonora y Sonora-Sinaloa y la Norte de Sonora.
Su fallecimiento, por causas naturales de su edad, ocurrió a las 23:15 horas del sábado en la ciudad de Tucson.
“Natas”, nació el 7 de noviembre de 1932 en Nogales y desde el pasado 26 de enero de 2016 forma parte del Recinto Sagrado de esa frontera.
En la Costa del Pacífico fue parte del equipo Naranjeros de Hermosillo que se adjudicaron el bicampeonato en 1955-56 y 56-57 tripulados por Hub Kittle.
En la campaña del 55-56, Hermosillo tuvo a Joe Brovia, Earl “Búfalo” Averill, Bob Bowman, Leo Rodríguez, Ventura Morales, Pepe Bache, Ernesto “Natas” García y Ray Garza.
El pitcheo lo encabezaron Don Nichols y Jimmy Ochoa con 13 y 11 victorias. Los otros lanzadores fueron Pete Meza, “Ciclón” Echeverría, Arnulfo Manzo y Librado Ceceña.
Esa temporada le ganaron el play off por el título a Navojoa. A la siguiente repetirían en el trono, también dirigidos por Hub Kittle y donde el “Natas” fue el gran segunda base estelar.
Cuando la campaña 54-55, al “Natas lo encontramos luciendo en la primera serie en el Estadio de “La Casa del Pueblo” en el siguiente line up: Ernesto “Natas” García (2b), Leo Rodríguez (3b), Claudio Solano (lf), Joe Brovia (rf), Leon Kellman (ca), Dick Hogan (cf), Raymundo Garza (1b), Rubén Amaro (ss) y el pítcher Mel Queen.
Sin duda, otro notable equipo de esa época.
En 1956 fue parte de los campeones Diablos Rojos del México haciendo mancuerna con el “Chero” Mayers y estableciendo marcas en doble plays; también en 1961 ayudó al Águila de Veracruz a obtener el gallardete.
Sus estadísticas
En la Liga Mexicana de Béisbol logró los siguientes números después de 14 años de actividad donde concluyó con .278 de porcentaje de bateo.
Vio acción en 1,260 juegos, anotó 726 carreras, pegó 1,298 hits, 70 jonrones y produjo 485 carreras. Se estafó las bases en 36 ocasiones.
Se retiró en 1970.
En la Liga Invernal de Sonora y Sonora Sinaloa:
En cuatro años bateó .270, jugó 224 partidos, anotó 90 veces, pegó 230 hits, 9 jonrones e impulsó 94 carreras. Tuvo once estafas.
Su última temporada en el béisbol invernal fue en 1966. Descanse en paz. Nuestras condolencias a su señora esposa Alejandrina García, sus hijas Mayra y Diana Duarte, así como sus seis nietos.
Sólo once en MLB
Qué cosa: de los once peloteros mexicanos en la Gran Carpa, 10 son lanzadores!
Únicamente el “Titán” figura en un line up ligamayorista, ya sabe usted, como todo un estelar de los Dodgers de Los Ángeles.
La lista de pitchers, la compone: Jorge de la Rosa (Dbacks); Marco Estrada y Roberto Osuna (Toronto); Yovani Gallardo (Seattle); Óliver Pérez y Fernando Salas (Mets); Sergio Romo (Dodgers); Jaime García (Bravos); Joakim Soria (KC), y Miguel González (White Sox).
Tendré que volverme a poner los arreos y ponerme en forma para buscar una oportunidad en la Gran Carpa y acompañar a Adrián.
Claro, hay paisanos con probabilidad de ascender: Sebastián Elizalde (Rojos); Daniel Castro, de nuevo (Rockies); Xorge Carrillo (Mets); Christian Villanueva (Padres), y Alí Solís (Dodgers)).
Y como pitchers, Cesar Vargas (Padres), Luis Cessa y Giovanny Gallegos (NYY); Rafael Martín (Mets) y Julio Urías y Manny Bañuelos (Dodgers).
Ed comment:
It is possible to go through each paragraph of Garcia’s obituary and figure out how long he played, some of his statistics and some of the better known names of guys with whom he played. I believe he was also a scout and it appears that he signed a young man by the name of Gallegos, for the Yankees, who is now the property of the St. Louis Cardinals and threw an inning of relief as late as August 1, 2021.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Ray Haley—1948 Independence Yankee catcher
RAYMOND HALEY Obituary (1928 - 2021) - ELGIN, IL - Daily Herald (legacy.com)
ELGIN - Raymond M. "Ray" Haley, 92, of Elgin,Illinois passed away on June 18, 2021 surrounded by his family. He was born on December 24, 1928, in Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, MO the son of John and Phyllis (Gwinn) Haley. Ray was a veteran and served in the US Army during the Korean War. He was a standout athlete in high school and college and at age 16, was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals. He played with both the Cardinal and Yankees organizations in their minor leagues.
Ray graduated from Southwest Missouri State University where he played football and was inducted into the schools' Hall of Fame in 1977, having his jersey retired 2010. After obtaining his Masters' Degree from LSU University, he was recruited to teach and coach football at East Aurora High School. While teaching in Aurora, he met and married the love of his life: Donna Ridge Haley. They were married on August 25, 1956 and raised 3 daughters. Ray became part of the team that opened Larkin High School in 1962 as their Head Football Coach, and eventually became Athletic Director, until his retirement in 1990. He was passionate for Larkin High School and the Royals Football program. Ray felt fortunate to work with outstanding administrators, teachers, coaches, staff, students and Booster families.
He will be deeply missed. He was a member of the First United Methodist Church of Elgin, a charter member of the Elgin Sports Hall of Fame, inducted in 1992; inducted into the Illinois Football Coaches Association Hall of Fame in 1986 and member the Elgin Noon Kiwanis Club. Survivors include his three daughters, Jennifer (Carol) Haley, Jane (Paul) Duffy and Kris (Tom) Buda; 2 grandchildren, Jack Haley Duffy and Kevin Ridge Haley Duffy; along with many nieces, nephews, family and friends. He was preceded in death by his parents; his beloved wife, Donna in 1998; and a sister, Juanita Dawson. A celebration of his life will be held on Saturday, July 10, 2021, beginning with visitation from 9:00am-11:00am and a service immediately follow at the First United Methodist Church, Elgin. Burial will be private at the National Cemetery in Springfield, MO. In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to the First United Methodist Church of Elgin, IL or the Elgin Sports Hall of Fame. Laird Funeral Home, Elgin, is in care of arrangements. 847-741-8800 or www.lairdfamilyfuneralservices.com.
Ed comment
Ray Haley attended many KOM league events and even made a trip to my baseball dungeon to take a look at something he helped purchase for the Don Davis family at the close of the 1948 season. The item was a brass horse with a detachable saddle. The price of the steed was around $100 and also chipping in to purchase it were; Al Pilarcik, Jim Finigan, Billy Bagwell, Nick Ananias, Jim Davis and Charley Joe Fontana.
That horse came to graze in the KOM League Hall of Fame pasture in the 1990’s and if memory serves correctly it has been shared in story and image in previous reports. It must be said that over all those 73 years the animal looks as good as the day it was presented to the Davis family for their kindness and friendship to the Independence players. The horse made it way to Reno, Nevada, from Independence after the eldest of the Davis family passed away. The daughter went to Independence, from Reno, to settle the estate. After arriving in Reno she decided it needed to be around the KOM crowd and it has been given good care for going a a quarter century. Incidentally, it is looking over my shoulder as this is being written.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Richard Pertzborn—Pitcher 1947 Independence Yankees
Richard J. Pertzborn, 93, of Ankeny, Iowa, died due to complications of Parkinson’s disease on December 30th, 2020. A funeral mass will be held on Thursday, January 7 at 12:00 pm, with visitation starting at 11:00 am at All Saints Catholic Church, Des Moines, Iowa.
A private burial will be at Glendale Cemetery. Richard was born and raised in Des Moines, Iowa. He graduated from Dowling High School in 1945. While attending Dowling he enjoyed playing sports. He was a standout catcher on the baseball team which led to an invitation to tryout with the St. Louis Cardinals Farm Team.
He put his baseball career on hold to serve his country and joined the United States Marine Corps serving stateside in World War II and the Korean War. After serving his country he pursued his dream of playing baseball professionally and signed with the NY Yankees. He played with the KMO league (Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma). Unfortunately, a shoulder injury ended his baseball career. In 1948 he married the love of his life, Maryann Fehn. They built their home in Ankeny, Iowa, where they raised nine children.
Richard became a successful independent insurance agent, earning numerous professional achievements. It’s easy to see why he was so successful, he was a hardworking, dedicated, trustworthy, outgoing man who enjoyed talking with anyone. Richard was involved in several organizations and served on many boards. He was the first Grand Knight of the Knights of Columbus at Our Lady’s Immaculate Heart Church in Ankeny, Iowa. He also served on boards with the Serra Club, Colfax Interfaith Spiritual Center and Dowling High School.
Richard was a loving husband, an amazing father, grandfather, and great grandfather. He coached many of his kid’s sports teams and was a very involved father in all their activities. Richard became an avid runner later in life. He could run for miles and miles which led to participating in many marathons around the world. He also enjoyed participating in the Iowa Senior Games for many years.
Richard is survived by four daughters Pam Pertzborn of Waukee, Sue Weed of Des Moines, Mindy Pertzborn of Urbandale and Cris (Jon) Pertzborn-Klatt of Ankeny, along with five sons Rick (Judy) of West Des Moines, Mike (Roxi) of Storm Lake, Tim (Barb) of Des Moines, Bob (Kathy) of Ankeny and Tom (Cindy) of Dallas, Texas; in addition to 25 grandchildren and 36 great-grandchildren. He is preceded in death by his wife of 54 years, Maryann, a great grandson, son-in-law, two sisters, and parents. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may be sent to: All Saints Catholic Church, 650 NE 52nd Ave., Des Moines, Iowa 50313 Scottish Rite Park Attn: Health Care Center: 2909 Woodland Ave., Des Moines, Iowa 50312 Dowling Catholic High School for Scholarships: 1400 Buffalo Road, West Des Moines, Iowa 50265. The service will be live streamed at www.caldwellparissh.com
Ed comment:
In 1995 my job landed me in Des Moines, Iowa where I worked on a proposal writing team to elicit bids, from private companies, to process Medicaid claims. During my spare time contact was made with former KOM leaguers living in the Des Moines and surrounding area. Through that process a number of guys, filling that bill, were located and a number of meals were eaten in restaurants and even in their homes.
Richard Pertzborn was one of the fellows I broke bread bread with both in his home and restaurants. The most memorable event was visiting his home in Ankeny and sitting on the patio. From there was the greatest spectacle I had ever witnessed. There were more hummingbird feeders in his backyard than I had ever seen in my life. I marveled at the number of birds at the feeder and the effort and money it took to feed them. Being a busy executive with Northwest Mutual Life Insurance, Pertzborn gave all the credit to his wife for caring for the sugar drinkers.
After leaving Iowa, in late summer of 1995, there was contact with the deceased for many years through the newsletter. With the onset of his Alzheimer's that all came to an end.
_________________________________________________
Edward Humphrey Hughes Jr. 1952 Blackwell Broncos and a one-day “look see” with the Ponca City Dodgers the same year
obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?...
Edward Hughes Jr.
January 26, 1934 - May 8, 2018
Obituary
Ed Hughes, also known as the Big Guy was born January 26, 1934 and passed May 8, 2018 at the age of 84. He was born in Bloomfield, Missouri but a resident of Cape Coral for 21 years. A beloved man who cared genuinely for his family and friends. Ed was the epitome of a gentleman and a gentle-man. Mr. Hughes experienced life as a former minor league baseball pitcher, a printing and advertising professional for 50 years, and a golf enthusiast. He leaves his surviving wife Marie Hughes and their six children: Cindy Hughes, Diane Zoechbauer, Bettina Bogdanoff (Ron), Ron Laduke (Kristy), Nicole Fable (Adam), Danielle Zimmerman (Brett). 13 Grandchildren: Gary, Lacey, Nicky, Alex, Cindy, Avery, Rebecca, Brianna, Brooke, Jessica, Brandon, Abigail, and Ethan. 4 Great Grandchildren: Jade, Decland, Violet, and Avery. He will be forever loved and remembered. In lieu of flowers, the family recommend donations in Ed's honor to Cape Royal Community Foundation 11963 Prince Charles Court Cape Coral, FL 33991.
Services held May 12th, 2018 11 AM our lady of the Miraculous Medal Church
Ed comment:
Several issues ago this forum mentioned the difficulty in locating Mr. Hughes. A great deal was known about him as both his mother and father were pastors in the Church of God denomination. They moved around quite a bit, as pastors are destined to do. Their service to the church saw them pastor mostly in Tennessee, Missouri and Illinois. Although a lot of effort was expended in searching for Edward Humphrey Hughes Jr. while he was alive it took an obituary to identify what became of him after baseball. If, in the afterlife, it is permissible to talk about baseball some time will be set aside to ask questions of “The Big Guy” and if Flash Reports are allowed, this story can be embellished and shared. (Be sure to send a forwarding address)
_____________________________________________________________________________
Merlin Leo Jorgensen 1951-52 Bartlesville- Pittsburg Catcher
obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?...
Sioux Falls - Merlin L. Jorgensen, of Sioux Falls, SD, passed away March 13, 2021, at Dougherty Hospice House in Sioux Falls. He was 88.
A memorial service will be held Wednesday, March 17 at 1:00 PM at Miller Westside Chapel, 6200 W 41st St, Sioux Falls, SD.
Merlin is survived by his wife, Marlene, Sioux Falls; sons, Rod (Lynn) Jorgensen and Scott (Vicky) Jorgensen of Sioux Falls; daughter LeAnn (Alex) Van Amerongen of Lebanon, IL; brothers, Roger and Larry of Sioux Falls;brother in law Wally Collier of Garretson, SD; friend, Tamara Jorgensen of Sioux Falls and six grandchildren, Casey, Nick, Kyle, Christina, Thaniel and Alexa and 7 great grandchildren.
Merlin, son of Ervin and Florence (Overgaard) Jorgensen, was born on January 12, 1933 near Turkey Ridge, SD. After graduating Centerville high school in 1951, Merlin played pro baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1951, 1952, and 1955, played with the Yankton Terry’s from 1956-1958. He played Amateur Ball until 1972 and was involved with youth baseball for numerous years. Merlin graduated from SDSU in 1959. And also served in the Army from 1953 to 1955.
Merlin was united in marriage to Marlene Payson June 27, 1956 and had three children.
He enjoys baseball, golf, fishing, crossword puzzles and is an avid Minnesota Twins fan and Vikings fan. Merlin also enjoyed traveling to see family.
Merlin is survived by his wife, Marlene, Sioux Falls; sons, Rod (Lynn) Jorgensen and Scott (Vicky) Jorgensen of Sioux Falls; daughter LeAnn (Alex) Van Amerongen of Lebanon, IL; brothers, Roger and Larry of Sioux Falls; brother in law Wally Collier of Garretson, SD; friend, Tamara Jorgensen of Sioux Falls and six grandchildren, Casey, Nick, Kyle, Christina, Thaniel and Alexa; 7 great grandchildren; many cousins, nieces and nephews.
He is preceded in death by his parents and brother Robert Jorgensen; sisters Alice Lanpher and Jeanette (Nettie) Collier.
In lieu of flowers please consider a donation to King of Glory Church in memory of Merlin.
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Ernest Jordan Jr. 1950 Ponca City Dodgers
www.laureloaksfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Ernest-Jordan?ob...
Mr. Ernest Jordan passed away Monday night, November 30, 2020 in Allen, Texas. He was born November 4, 1930 and just celebrated his 90th birthday. His parents were Ernest and Daisy Jordan. He leaves behind his dear wife, Wanda Jordan, devoted son, Al Jordan, and a number of other family and friends.
There will be a graveside service at 1 p.m. at Laurel Oaks Memorial Park with Rev. Ted Kiser officiating. Mr. Jordan will be laid to rest in the Garden of Hope near his son, James Ernest Jordan, who preceded him in death last year
This guy pitched for Ponca City in 1950. He won the final game of the 1950 championship and catcher, Don Keeter, kept the baseball that he gave me 45 years later.
I have tracked Jordan for over 25 years but could never make contact. I knew he was from San Mateo, California and suspected he was living in Texas.
To the best of my knowledge neither Jordan or his father had a middle name.
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Robert Wesley James-- Pittsburg Browns 1951.
Robert (Bob) Wesley James, born May 18, 1933 to George Elmer and Bertha James in Datto, Arkansas passed away on March 19, 2021.
Bob signed with the St Louis Browns baseball team after graduating from Corning High School and later signed with the Yankees being sent to their farm team in McAlester, Oklahoma. The Korean War interrupted his baseball career. After serving in the army he obtained a business degree from Arkansas State University. Building on the foundation established by their parents, he and his two brothers built a successful agricultural service business in Northeast Arkansas. After moving to Texas, he began anew by starting a successful builder’s service company which provided project site services to commercial builders as well as large single and multi-family homebuilders. Bob›s favorite pastimes were sports, including golf in his later years, and music of all genres.
Bob was preceded in death by his parents and two brothers, Donald Ray and George Elmer (G.E.), Jr.
He is survived by his wife Sue, children Jamie (Steve) Zissis, Angela James, Brett James, and Julie (Dan) Cutforth. Grandchildren Nicholas and Alexander Zissis, Natalie, Ella, Josephine and Robenson Cutforth. Step-children Kim (Jay) LeForce, Kelley (Michael) Evans and step-grandchildren Cassidie and Maggie Cargill and Brendan Evans. A Memorial Service will be held at the First Baptist Church in Marble Falls, Texas on May 1, 2021 at 1:00 pm. A graveside service will be held at Nelson Clay Cemetery in Datto, Arkansas at a later date.
In lieu of flowers please consider St Jude›s Children›s Hospital in Memphis.
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Ed comment: This is another guy I knew about but couldn't trace. He pitched in the second game of a doubleheader on July 1, 1951, the night the Carthage Cubs went off and left me at the Pittsburg ball park. James was a little guy and made his first mound appearances that night and held Carthage in check for one inning, the 9th. Lloyd “Pat” Gosney started that game for Pittsburg and hurled eight inning in hot, muggy weather. He struck out 13 Carthage batsmen and walked 12. He most likely threw more pitches that night than current major league starters are allowed to throw in two or three games.
James later played in the Yankee chain for the McAlester Rockets and Joplin Miners. I was aware he had moved to Texas and was living in Plano at one time. With his funeral being at Marble Falls, Plano might well have been where he died. The Corning, Ark. newspaper was not explicit on the place of death.
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Carroll Ethan Bryan
In order to get an idea about who Mr. Bryan was the reader is going to have to click on some URL’s. Believe me, it isn’t that difficult. That is not has taxing as it has been searching for a fellow who showed up at Blackwell, Oklahoma just long enough to don a uniform and give it back in a couple of days.
For a number of years it was speculated the Bryan who showed up at Blackwell in 1952 was a Edwin Charles Bryan Jr. , from Belleville, Illinois with a rather extensive minor league career. However, following more detailed research it couldn’t have been him for he went into the Army in February of of that year.
Thanks to this site www.findagrave.com/memorial/26604258/carroll-ethan-bryan a better understanding developed regarding this short term Blackwell Bronco hurler who appeared in only one game.
As the link to his mortality indicates, he was born in 1927 and by the time he showed up for a shot at the KOM leaguer he was nearly 25 years of age. He had already served during WW II and with the younger men being drafted he obviously decided to try his hand in baseball. He was living in a rural area outside Wister, Oklahoma. Sixty five miles to the west is the town of McAlester which had a team called the Rockets that played in the Sooner State league. He signed with the Rockets on April 12, 1951 and he was released June 7 of that same year. However, in August he was re-singed for 1952 and after a couple of days in spring drills with the Rockets he was released and he made the 205 mile trek North to Blackwell where he fared no better. digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll3/id/11908/...
Bryan passed away May 11, 1994 in Poteau, Oklahoma and was buried at the Maxey Cemetery in his hometown of Wister. Not many people outside the Le Flore County town ever knew of Bryan’s love of baseball and most likely he never imagined someone would be writing about his “brush” with the bush leagues 69 years after he gave up his dream of “making it big.”
Had Bryan played longer there would most likely be information on him such as height and weight. He was 5’ 11” and weighed 145 pounds when entering the Army in 1945. Most likely he was in the 170 category by the time he tried his hand at professional baseball.
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A long standing puzzle
For over a decade the name of James Williams has been bandied back and forth with baseball necrologist, Jack Morris. It could never be ascertained if James Parker Williams shown on the Sporting News Index Card was the same person who died as James Parks Williams in North Little Rock, Arkansas.
In recent communication Morris said his group couldn’t verify it was the same person unless they saw a reference to him in a newspaper.
digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll3/id/162958... James Parker Williams
My case is that I saw his name in the Bartlesville Examiner from some time in April of 1950. He was listed as being a native of McRae, Arkansas. That fits with the town listed in his obituary.
www.findagrave.com/memorial/148343743/jimmie-parks-williams James Parks Williams.
With that issue still dangling in mid-air a decision was made to review the obituary and make an attempt to locate a surviving member of his family. His son was chosen and the attempt to locate him wound up finding that he also passed away in recent years. Thus, it may be like speaking with Mr. Hughes, mentioned in the previous story, it will have to wait until we all pass through the pearly gates to find out who the real Jimmy Williams, was.
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Do the editor of this Flash Report a favor or two.
In late 1948 my mother received a telephone call from a former friend who was moving back to Carthage, Missouri from Madill, Oklahoma. The caller said she had a son about my age and he didn’t know anyone and wondered if my mother would either send me to her house or if her son could come and play baseball at mine. Since we had the largest yard the young man and his mother came for a visit.
Over the coming months and years the young man from Madill became my close friend. Between us was one bicycle. We lived a mile apart and when he had the urge to play baseball he would dial 3808 and ask me to get on “Betsy” (my bicycle) and peddle toward his house where he would meet me and he would be the designated peddler to my house for he was the bigger one us. By the way when I called my friend it was 3676. Some things never leave your memory.
After the baseball games concluded, back down Valley Street I went as my new friend peddled toward his home on Orchard Street. This routine lasted for a couple of years. When spring training rolled around my friend would peddle “Betsy,” with me on the back and a couple of mile journey would ensue to one of three spring training sites of the Carthage Cubs, Topeka Owls, Janesville Cubs and Sioux Falls, Canaries. The primary reasons for the spring training jaunts were to collect the broken bats and “find” a few stray baseballs for the upcoming summer’s games played in my back yard.
Baseball was the summer activity, football in the fall and basketball whenever. My friend was on the opposing football team on Thanksgiving Day, 1951. As the quarterback on my two-man team made a fateful decision to dive for a loose ball and received a severely broken left arm. That most likely prevented my making it to the big leagues. Football was out of the question and my friend improvised when it came to basketball. He was the most gifted among us and he’d take the rim from a can of coffee, make a net out of an orange sack and place it on a stud in a little shed on the property of the second house in lived in after coming back to Carthage. The ball we used was of the tennis genre and we came across those at the tennis court across the street from the Carthage baseball stadium. My friend had that miniature basketball game down to a science and he skunked me every time.
Upon my becoming the batboy for the Carthage Cubs I talked my friend into showing up early so that he could be the batboy for the visiting team. As with everything else he was a step ahead of me. Standing by the Pittsburg dugout one evening he was admiring the timber of that club when manager, Bill Enos, strode our way. My friend was impressed by the bat that had the name “Enos” on it. He thought it was a model used by Enos Slaughter of the St. Louis Cardinals. Enos asked my buddy if he liked it and upon the affirmative he was handed it. Enos said “I can’t get any hits with it so you might as well have it.”
My buddy was a year older than me and that brought an eventual end of our many hours playing baseball and other games. What happened very shortly thereafter is that my friend discovered girls. He had to split his time between being with the guys and his newly found friend. At one time my friends oldest brother discovered my oldest sister and had it not been for the Korean War, and his brother serving in it, my buddy and I might have been “almost kin.”
During his latter years in high school my buddy moved “out west” to South Central Kansas. One day in high school my English teacher said that she had received a short story that won a national award. It was written by my friend. As she read the story, which was about sports, I kept awaiting to discover the mystery person he was leading up to for the finale. For some reason I thought it might say “Johnny Hall.” Of course, he didn’t. But, at that point I knew George Robert “Corky” Simpson was destined to be an outstanding writer. The attached URL will vindicate that as a high school junior my prognostication was on target.
tucson.com/sports/greghansen/hansens-hundred-no-75-corky-...
Did you click on the URL?
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Cousin of another friend comes home 70 years after end of Korean War.
A few editions ago there was a story shared about the remains being identified as a solder from WWII. That person was from Baxter Springs, Kansas and his brothers played for the Baxter Springs Whiz Kids before and during Mickey Mantle’s time there.
Late this spring another buddy from Carthage, (Gary W. Smith) sent me a note about his cousin who was killed in Korea and his remains were recently identified and returned for burial. I imagine the deceased had attended some KOM league prior to his entering the U. S. Army.
During my time as Carthage batboy I recall the consternation among some of the guys who knew what was on the horizon. It was a tough period for one Carthage pitcher who had been told he would finish the 1951 before being inducted. He left the team on July 20, 1951. Just one year, one month and one day later he was killed in North Korea. I have told this story a number of times but I never learned of the death of Walter Koehler until four decades later when the research on the KOM league began. Here is the link for Lloyd Alumbaugh.
obituaries.joplinglobe.com/obituary/lloyd-alumbaugh-10826...
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Coming to the end
Once in a while a question is sent from a reader of this reports and even less often there is an answer tucked away in the dark recesses of my mind. Follow along.
From a Tulsa reader
Hello, John, I've been reading "The Pine Tar Game" by Filip Bondy. ttps://www.amazon.com/Pine-Tar-Game-Entertaining-Controversy/dp/1476777187/ref=sr_1_2?crid=3RL94A5822LGO&dchild=1&keywords=the+pine+tar+game&qid=1627862188&sprefix=The+Pine+Tar+game%2Caps%2C183&sr=8-2
On page 167, in talking about Lee MacPhail, the author writes:
“In 1946, he became general manager of the Yankees' Triple-A team in Kansas City, while his father was still the Yanks' top executive in New York. He remembered being at a Blanton, Missouri, tryout camp where some teenager named Mickey Mantle showed up with his father, Mutt.”
I tried to find Blanton, Missouri, but with no luck. No reference could be found. Just curious where it was. You ever hear of it? Thanks.
Ed reply:
There is no such town. My guess he was talking about Branson. Make sense? Mantle never went to a tryout camp in Branson. He went there for about a week after being signed by the Yankees in 1949. He came to Independence for a couple of days and left with the team for Chanute, Kansas for a June 12th game that was rained out.
Then he was back to Branson in 1950 (for spring training) and came out as a member of the Joplin Miners.
Ed comment:
That brings up one more thing. A couple of weeks ago Jimmy Richardson, one of Mickey Mantle’s first cousins, on the maternal side, called regarding purchasing a few more of the “Mickey Mantle Before the Glory” books. At that time he mentioned that his younger brother, Tom, had passed away in recent months. Tom is the guy mentioned in the Mantle book who attempted to ride the family cow out of the barn and it turned out to be quite an experience. For those who have that book, look up the story. For those who don’t there a “few” unread copies in my secret stash that are either going bald or turning gray.
The Postcard
A Giggle Series postcard that was posted in Looe, Cornwall on Saturday the 8th. July 1967 to:
Mr. Bruce Calder,
62, St. Nicholas Road,
Plumstead,
London S.E.18.
The message on the divided back of the card was as follows:
"Dear Bruce,
Having a very nice
time, and keeping
a promise.
See you soon,
Uncle Ted".
Vivien Leigh
So what else happened on the day that Uncle Ted posted the card?
Well, the 8th. July 1967 was not a good day for Vivien Leigh, because she died on that day.
Vivien Leigh was a British stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her definitive performances as Scarlett O'Hara in 'Gone with the Wind' (1939), and Blanche DuBois in the film version of 'A Streetcar Named Desire' (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949.
Vivien also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of 'Tovarich' (1963).
After completing her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in 'Fire Over England' (1937). Lauded for her beauty, Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress.
Despite her fame as a screen actress, Leigh was primarily a stage performer. During her 30-year career, she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia, Cleopatra, Juliet, and Lady Macbeth.
At the time, the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband, Laurence Olivier, who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960. Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions, with Olivier often directing, and in three films.
Vivien earned a reputation for being difficult to work with, and for much of her adult life she had bipolar disorder, as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis, which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940's, and which ultimately took her life at the young age of 53.
Although her career had periods of inactivity, in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th. greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema.
Vivien Leigh - The Early Years
Vivien was born Vivian Mary Hartley on the 5th. November 1913 in British India on the campus of St. Paul's School in Darjeeling. She was the only child of Ernest Richard Hartley, a British broker, and his wife, Gertrude Mary Frances (née Yackjee).
At the age of three, Vivian made her first stage appearance for her mother's amateur theatre group, reciting 'Little Bo Peep'.
At the age of six, Vivian was sent by her mother from Loreto Convent, Darjeeling, to the Convent of the Sacred Heart, at the time situated in Roehampton, southwest London. One of her friends there was the future actress Maureen O'Sullivan, two years her senior, to whom Vivian expressed her desire to become 'A great actress'.
She was removed from the school by her father, and travelling with her parents for four years in Europe, she became fluent in both French and Italian. The family returned to Great Britain in 1931.
She went to see 'A Connecticut Yankee', one of O'Sullivan's films playing in London's West End, and told her parents of her ambitions to become an actress. Shortly after, her father enrolled Vivian at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London.
Vivian met Leigh Holman, a barrister 13 years her senior, in 1931. Despite his disapproval of 'theatrical people', they married on the 20th. December 1932, and she terminated her studies at RADA, her attendance and interest in acting having already waned after meeting Holman.
On the 12th. October 1933 in London, she gave birth to a daughter, Suzanne, later Mrs. Robin Farrington.
1935 - 1936: Vivien Leigh's Early Acting Career
Leigh's friends suggested she take a small role as a schoolgirl in the film 'Things Are Looking Up', which was her film debut, albeit uncredited as an extra. She engaged an agent, John Gliddon, who believed that 'Vivian Holman' was not a suitable name for an actress.
After rejecting his many suggestions, she took 'Vivian Leigh' as her professional name. Gliddon recommended her to Alexander Korda as a possible film actress, but Korda rejected her as lacking potential.
She was cast in the play 'The Mask of Virtue', directed by Sidney Carroll in 1935, and received excellent reviews, followed by interviews and newspaper articles.
One such article was from the Daily Express, in which the interviewer noted:
'A lightning change
came over her face'.
This was the first public mention of the rapid changes in mood which had become characteristic of her.
John Betjeman, the future poet laureate, described her as 'The essence of English girlhood'. Korda attended her opening night performance, admitted his error, and signed her to a film contract.
She continued with the play but, when Korda moved it to a larger theatre, Leigh was found to be unable to project her voice adequately or to hold the attention of so large an audience, and the play closed soon after. In the playbill, Carroll had revised the spelling of her first name to 'Vivien'.
In 1960, Leigh recalled her ambivalence towards her first experience of critical acclaim and sudden fame, commenting:
"Some critics saw fit to be as foolish as to
say that I was a great actress. And I thought,
that was a foolish, wicked thing to say,
because it put such an onus and such a
responsibility onto me, which I simply wasn't
able to carry.
And it took me years to learn enough to live
up to what they said for those first notices.
I find it so stupid. I remember the critic very
well and have never forgiven him".
In the autumn of 1935 and at Leigh's insistence, John Buckmaster introduced her to Laurence Olivier at the Savoy Grill, where he and his first wife Jill Esmond dined regularly after his performance in Romeo and Juliet. Olivier had seen Vivien in 'The Mask of Virtue' earlier in May, and congratulated her on her performance.
1937 - 1939: Relationship with Sir Laurence Olivier
Olivier and Leigh began an affair while acting as lovers in 'Fire Over England' (1937), but Olivier was still married to Esmond. During this period, Vivien read the Margaret Mitchell novel Gone with the Wind and instructed her American agent to recommend her to David O. Selznick, who was planning a film version.
She remarked to a journalist:
"I've cast myself as
Scarlett O'Hara".
The Observer film critic C. A. Lejeune recalled a conversation of the same period in which Leigh "stunned us all" with the assertion that:
"Olivier won't play Rhett Butler,
but I shall play Scarlett O'Hara.
Wait and see."
Despite her relative inexperience, Leigh was chosen to play Ophelia to Olivier's Hamlet in an Old Vic Theatre production staged at Elsinore, Denmark. Olivier later recalled an incident when her mood rapidly changed as she was preparing to go onstage. Without apparent provocation, she began screaming at him before suddenly becoming silent and staring into space.
Vivien was able to perform without mishap, and by the following day she had returned to normal with no recollection of the event. It was the first time Olivier witnessed such behaviour from her. They began living together, as their respective spouses had each refused to grant either of them a divorce. Under the moral standards then enforced by the film industry, their relationship had to be kept from public view.
Vivien appeared with Robert Taylor, Lionel Barrymore and Maureen O'Sullivan in 'A Yank at Oxford' (1938), which was the first of her films to receive attention in the United States. During production, she developed a reputation for being difficult and unreasonable, partly because she disliked her secondary role, but mainly because her petulant antics seemed to be paying dividends.
After dealing with the threat of a lawsuit following a frivolous incident, Korda, however, instructed her agent to warn her that her option would not be renewed if her behaviour did not improve. Her next role was in 'Sidewalks of London', also known as 'St. Martin's Lane' (1938), with Charles Laughton.
Olivier had been attempting to broaden his film career. He was not well known in the United States despite his success in Great Britain, and earlier attempts to introduce him to American audiences had failed. Offered the role of Heathcliff in Samuel Goldwyn's production of 'Wuthering Heights' (1939), he travelled to Hollywood, leaving Leigh in London. Goldwyn and the film's director, William Wyler, offered Leigh the secondary role of Isabella, but she refused, preferring the role of Cathy, which went to Merle Oberon.
Gone With the Wind
Hollywood was in the midst of a widely publicised search to find an actress to portray Scarlett O'Hara in David O. Selznick's production of 'Gone with the Wind' (1939). At the time, Myron Selznick - David's brother and Leigh's American theatrical agent - was the London representative of the Myron Selznick Agency. In February 1938, Leigh made a request to Myron Selznick that she be considered to play the part of Scarlett O'Hara.
David O. Selznick watched her performances that month in 'Fire Over England' and 'A Yank at Oxford' and thought that she was excellent, but in no way a possible Scarlett because she was "too British".
Vivien travelled to Los Angeles, however, to be with Olivier and to try to convince David Selznick that she was the right person for the part. Myron Selznick also represented Olivier, and when he met Leigh, he felt that she possessed the qualities that his brother was searching for.
According to legend, Myron Selznick took Leigh and Olivier to the set where the burning of the Atlanta Depot scene was being filmed and stage-managed an encounter, where he introduced Leigh, derisively addressing his younger brother:
"Hey, genius, meet your
Scarlett O'Hara."
The following day, Leigh read a scene for Selznick, who organised a screen test with director George Cukor and wrote to his wife:
"She's the Scarlett dark horse and
looks damn good. Not for anyone's
ear but your own: it's narrowed
down to Paulette Goddard, Jean
Arthur, Joan Bennett and Vivien
Leigh".
The director, George Cukor, concurred, and praised Leigh's "incredible wildness". She secured the role of Scarlett soon after.
Vivien Leigh's Portrayal of Scarlett O'Hara
Filming proved difficult for Leigh. Cukor was dismissed and replaced by Victor Fleming, with whom Leigh frequently quarrelled. She and Olivia de Havilland secretly met with Cukor at night and on weekends for his advice about how they should play their parts.
Leigh befriended Clark Gable, his wife Carole Lombard and Olivia de Havilland, but she clashed with Leslie Howard, with whom she was required to play several emotional scenes.
Vivien was sometimes required to work seven days a week, often late into the night, which added to her distress, and she missed Olivier, who was working in New York City. On a long-distance telephone call to Olivier, she declared:
"Puss, my puss, how I hate film
acting! Hate, hate, and never
want to do another film again!"
Quoted in a 2006 biography of Olivier, Olivia de Havilland defended Leigh against claims of her manic behaviour during the filming of Gone with the Wind:
"Vivien was impeccably professional,
impeccably disciplined on Gone With
the Wind. She had two great concerns:
doing her best work in an extremely
difficult role, and being separated from
Larry (Olivier), who was in New York."
Gone with the Wind brought Leigh immediate attention and fame, but she was quoted as saying:
"I'm not a film star - I'm an actress. Being
a film star - just a film star - is such a false
life, lived for fake values and for publicity.
Actresses go on for a long time, and there
are always marvellous parts to play."
The film won 10 Academy Awards including a Best Actress award for Leigh, who also won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress.
1940 - 1949: Marriage and Early Joint Projects With Olivier
In February 1940, Jill Esmond agreed to divorce Laurence Olivier, and Leigh Holman agreed to divorce Vivien, although they maintained a strong friendship for the rest of Leigh's life. Esmond was granted custody of Tarquin, her son with Olivier. Holman was granted custody of Suzanne, his daughter with Leigh.
On the 31st. August 1940, Olivier and Leigh were married at the San Ysidro Ranch in Santa Barbara, California, in a ceremony attended only by their hosts, Ronald and Benita Colman and witnesses, Katharine Hepburn and Garson Kanin.
Vivien had made a screen test, and hoped to co-star with Olivier in 'Rebecca', which was to be directed by Alfred Hitchcock with Olivier in the leading role. After viewing Leigh's screen test, David Selznick noted that:
"She doesn't seem right as to
sincerity or age or innocence".
This view was shared by Hitchcock and by Leigh's mentor, George Cukor.
Selznick observed that she had shown no enthusiasm for the part until Olivier had been confirmed as the lead actor, so he cast Joan Fontaine.
He refused to allow her to join Olivier in 'Pride and Prejudice' (1940), and Greer Garson played the role Leigh had wanted for herself.
'Waterloo Bridge' (1940) was to have starred Olivier and Leigh; however, Selznick replaced Olivier with Robert Taylor who was at the peak of his success as one of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's most popular male stars. Her top billing reflected her status in Hollywood, and the film was popular with audiences and critics.
The Oliviers mounted a stage production of 'Romeo and Juliet' for Broadway. The New York press publicised the adulterous nature of the beginning of Olivier and Leigh's relationship, and questioned their ethics in not returning to the UK to help with the war effort.
Critics were hostile in their assessment of Romeo and Juliet. Brooks Atkinson for The New York Times wrote:
'Although Miss Leigh and Mr. Olivier
are handsome young people, they
hardly act their parts at all.'
While most of the blame was attributed to Olivier's acting and direction, Vivien was also criticised, with Bernard Grebanier commenting on the 'Thin, shop girl quality of Miss Leigh's voice'.
The couple had invested almost all of their combined savings of $40,000 in the project, and the failure was a financial disaster for them.
The Oliviers filmed 'That Hamilton Woman' (1941) with Olivier as Horatio Nelson and Leigh as Emma Hamilton. With the United States not yet having entered the war, it was one of several Hollywood films made with the aim of arousing a pro-British sentiment among American audiences. The film was popular in the United States, and an outstanding success in the Soviet Union.
Winston Churchill arranged a screening for a party that included Franklin D. Roosevelt and, on its conclusion, addressed the group, saying:
"Gentlemen, I thought this film would
interest you, showing great events
similar to those in which you have just
been taking part."
The Oliviers remained favourites of Churchill, attending dinners and occasions at his request for the rest of his life; and, of Vivien, he was quoted as saying, "By Jove, she's a clinker." ('Clinker' is a term that has fallen out of favour; in this context it means someone excellent or outstanding).
The Oliviers returned to Britain in March 1943, and Vivien toured through North Africa that same year as part of a revue for the armed forces stationed in the region. She reportedly turned down a studio contract worth $5,000 a week in order to volunteer as part of the war effort.
Leigh performed for troops before falling ill with a persistent cough and fevers. In 1944, she was diagnosed as having tuberculosis in her left lung, and spent several weeks in hospital before appearing to have recovered.
Leigh was filming 'Caesar and Cleopatra' (1945) when she discovered she was pregnant before having a miscarriage. Vivien temporarily fell into a deep depression that hit its low point, with her falling to the floor, sobbing in a hysterical fit. This was the first of many major bipolar disorder breakdowns.
Olivier later came to recognise the symptoms of an impending episode - several days of hyperactivity followed by a period of depression and an explosive breakdown, after which Leigh would have no memory of the event, but would be acutely embarrassed and remorseful.
June 1948: Vivien Leigh and Olivier in Australia
With her doctor's approval, Leigh was well enough to resume acting in 1946, starring in a successful London production of Thornton Wilder's 'The Skin of Our Teeth'; but her films of this period, 'Caesar and Cleopatra' (1945) and 'Anna Karenina' (1948), were not great commercial successes.
All British films in this period were adversely affected by a Hollywood boycott of British films.
In 1947, Olivier was knighted, and Leigh accompanied him to Buckingham Palace for the investiture. Vivien became Lady Olivier. After their divorce, according to the style granted to the divorced wife of a knight, she became known socially as Vivien, Lady Olivier.
By 1948, Olivier was on the board of directors of the Old Vic Theatre, and he and Leigh embarked on a six-month tour of Australia and New Zealand to raise funds for the theatre. Olivier played the lead in 'Richard III' and also performed with Leigh in 'The School for Scandal' and 'The Skin of Our Teeth'.
The tour was an outstanding success and, although Vivien was plagued with insomnia and allowed her understudy to replace her for a week while she was ill, she generally withstood the demands placed upon her, with Olivier noting her ability to "Charm the press".
Members of the company later recalled several quarrels between the couple as Olivier was increasingly resentful of the demands placed on him during the tour. The most dramatic altercation occurred in Christchurch, New Zealand, when her shoes were not found and Leigh refused to go onstage without them.
An exhausted and exasperated Olivier screamed an obscenity at her and slapped her face, and a devastated Leigh slapped him in return, dismayed that he would hit her publicly. Subsequently, she made her way to the stage in borrowed pumps, and in seconds, had dried her tears and smiled brightly onstage.
By the end of the tour, both were exhausted and ill. Olivier told a journalist:
"You may not know it, but
you are talking to a couple
of walking corpses."
Later, he would observe that he "lost Vivien" in Australia.
The success of the tour encouraged the Oliviers to make their first West End appearance together, performing the same works with one addition, 'Antigone', included at Leigh's insistence because she wished to play a role in a tragedy.
1949 - 1951: Play and Film Roles in 'A Streetcar Named Desire'
Leigh next sought the role of Blanche DuBois in the West End stage production of Tennessee Williams's 'A Streetcar Named Desire', and was cast after Williams and the play's producer Irene Mayer Selznick saw her in 'The School for Scandal' and 'Antigone'; Olivier was contracted to direct.
The play contained a rape scene and references to promiscuity and homosexuality, and was destined to be controversial; the media discussion about its suitability added to Leigh's anxiety. Nevertheless, she believed strongly in the importance of the work.
When the West End production of Streetcar opened in October 1949, J. B. Priestley denounced the play and Leigh's performance; and the critic Kenneth Tynan, who was to make a habit of dismissing her stage performances, commented that Leigh was badly miscast:
"Because British actors are too
well-bred to emote effectively
on stage".
Olivier and Leigh were chagrined that part of the commercial success of the play lay in audience members attending to see what they believed would be a salacious story, rather than the Greek tragedy that they envisioned.
The play also had strong supporters, among them Noël Coward, who described Leigh as "Magnificent".
After 326 performances, Vivien finished her run, and she was soon assigned to reprise her role as Blanche DuBois in the film version of the play. Her irreverent and often bawdy sense of humour allowed her to establish a rapport with Brando.
However Vivien had an initial difficulty in working with director Elia Kazan, who was displeased with the direction that Olivier had taken in shaping the character of Blanche. Kazan had favoured Jessica Tandy and later, Olivia de Havilland over Leigh, but knew she had been a success on the London stage as Blanche.
Elia later commented that he did not hold her in high regard as an actress, believing that she had a small talent. As work progressed, however, he became full of admiration for:
"The greatest determination to excel
of any actress I've known. She'd have
crawled over broken glass if she thought
it would help her performance."
Leigh found the role gruelling, and commented to the Los Angeles Times:
"I had nine months in the theatre
of Blanche DuBois. Now she's in
command of me."
Olivier accompanied her to Hollywood where he was to co-star with Jennifer Jones in William Wyler's 'Carrie' (1952).
Leigh's performance in 'A Streetcar Named Desire' won glowing reviews, as well as a second Academy Award for Best Actress, a British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Award for Best British Actress, and a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress.
Tennessee Williams commented that Leigh brought to the role:
"Everything that I intended,
and much that I had never
dreamed of".
Leigh herself had mixed feelings about her association with the character; in later years, she said that playing Blanche DuBois "Tipped me over into madness".
1951 - 1960: Vivien Leigh's Struggle With Mental Illness
In 1951, Leigh and Laurence Olivier performed two plays about Cleopatra, William Shakespeare's 'Antony and Cleopatra' and George Bernard Shaw's 'Caesar and Cleopatra', alternating the play each night and winning good reviews. They took the productions to New York, where they performed a season at the Ziegfeld Theatre into 1952.
The reviews there were also mostly positive, but film critic Kenneth Tynan angered them when he suggested that Leigh's was a mediocre talent that forced Olivier to compromise his own. Tynan's diatribe almost precipitated another collapse; Leigh, terrified of failure and intent on achieving greatness, dwelt on his comments and ignored the positive reviews of other critics.
In January 1953, Vivien travelled to Ceylon to film 'Elephant Walk' with Peter Finch. Shortly after filming commenced, she had a nervous breakdown, and Paramount Pictures replaced her with Elizabeth Taylor.
Olivier returned her to their home in Great Britain, where, between periods of incoherence, Leigh told him she was in love with Finch, and had been having an affair with him. Over a period of several months, she gradually recovered.
As a result of this episode, many of the Oliviers' friends learned of her problems. David Niven said she had been "Quite, quite mad". Noël Coward expressed surprise in his diary that:
"Things had been bad and getting
worse since 1948 or thereabouts".
Leigh's romantic relationship with Finch began in 1948, and waxed and waned for several years, ultimately flickering out as her mental condition deteriorated.
Also in 1953, Vivien recovered sufficiently to play 'The Sleeping Prince' with Olivier, and in 1955 they performed a season at Stratford-upon-Avon in Shakespeare's 'Twelfth Night', 'Macbeth', and 'Titus Andronicus'.
They played to capacity houses, and attracted generally good reviews, with Vivien's health seemingly stable. John Gielgud directed 'Twelfth Night' and wrote:
'Perhaps I will still make a good thing of
that divine play, especially if he will let me
pull her little ladyship (who is brainier than
he but not a born actress) out of her timidity
and safeness.
He dares too confidently, but she hardly
dares at all, and is terrified of overreaching
her technique and doing anything that she
has not killed the spontaneity of by
over-practice.'
In 1955, Leigh starred in Anatole Litvak's film 'The Deep Blue Sea'; co-star Kenneth More felt that he had poor chemistry with Leigh during the filming.
In 1956, Leigh took the lead role in the Noël Coward play 'South Sea Bubble', but withdrew from the production when she became pregnant. Several weeks later, she miscarried and entered a period of depression that lasted for months.
Vivien joined Olivier for a European tour of 'Titus Andronicus', but the tour was marred by Leigh's frequent outbursts against Olivier and other members of the company. After their return to London, her former husband, Leigh Holman, who could still exert a strong influence on her, stayed with the Oliviers and helped calm her.
In 1958, considering her marriage to be over, Leigh began a relationship with actor Jack Merivale, who knew of Leigh's medical condition and assured Olivier that he would care for her. In 1959, when she achieved a success with the Noël Coward comedy 'Look After Lulu!', a critic working for The Times described her as:
'Beautiful, delectably cool and matter of
fact, she is mistress of every situation".
In 1960, Vivien and Olivier divorced and Olivier soon married actress Joan Plowright. In his autobiography, Olivier discussed the years of strain they had experienced because of Leigh's illness:
'Throughout her possession by that uncannily
evil monster, manic depression, with its deadly
ever-tightening spirals, she retained her own
individual canniness - an ability to disguise her
true mental condition from almost all except me,
for whom she could hardly be expected to take
the trouble.'
1961 - 1967: The Final Years and Death of Vivien Leigh
Merivale proved to be a stabilising influence for Leigh, but despite her apparent contentment, she was quoted by Radie Harris as confiding that she would rather have lived a short life with Larry [Olivier] than face a long one without him.
Her first husband Leigh Holman also spent considerable time with her. Merivale joined her for a tour of Australia, New Zealand and Latin America that lasted from July 1961 until May 1962, and Leigh enjoyed positive reviews without sharing the spotlight with Olivier.
Though Vivien was still beset by bouts of depression, she continued to work in the theatre and, in 1963, won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role in 'Tovarich'. She also appeared in the films 'The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone' (1961) and 'Ship of Fools' (1965).
Leigh's last screen appearance in 'Ship of Fools' was both a triumph and emblematic of her illnesses that were taking root. Producer and director Stanley Kramer, who ended up with the film, planned to star Leigh, but was initially unaware of her fragile mental and physical state.
Later recounting her work, Kramer remembered her courage in taking on the difficult role:
'She was ill, and the courage to go
ahead, the courage to make the film -
was almost unbelievable.'
Leigh's performance was tinged by paranoia, and resulted in outbursts that marred her relationship with other actors, although both Simone Signoret and Lee Marvin were sympathetic and understanding.
In one unusual instance during the attempted rape scene, Leigh became distraught and hit Marvin so hard with a spiked shoe that it marked his face. Leigh won the L'Étoile de Cristal for her performance in a leading role in 'Ship of Fools'.
In May 1967, Leigh was rehearsing to appear with Michael Redgrave in Edward Albee's 'A Delicate Balance' when her tuberculosis resurfaced. Following several weeks of rest, she seemed to recover.
However, on the night of the 7th. July 1967, Merivale left her as usual at their Eaton Square flat to perform in a play, and he returned home just before midnight to find her asleep. About 30 minutes later (by now the 8th. July), he entered the bedroom and discovered her body on the floor. Vivien had died at the young age of 53.
Vivien had been attempting to walk to the bathroom and, as her lungs filled with liquid, she collapsed and suffocated. Merivale first contacted her family, and later was able to reach Olivier, who was receiving treatment for prostate cancer in a nearby hospital.
In his autobiography, Olivier described his "Grievous anguish" as he immediately travelled to Leigh's residence, to find that Merivale had moved her body onto the bed. Olivier paid his respects, and "Stood and prayed for forgiveness for all the evils that had sprung up between us", before helping Merivale make funeral arrangements. Olivier stayed until her body was removed from the flat.
Her death was publicly announced on the 8th. July, and the lights of every theatre in central London were extinguished for an hour. A Catholic service for Leigh was held at St. Mary's Church, Cadogan Street, London. Her funeral was attended by the luminaries of British stage and screen.
According to the provisions of her will, Leigh was cremated at the Golders Green Crematorium, and her ashes were scattered on the lake at her summer home, Tickerage Mill, near Blackboys, East Sussex.
A memorial service was held at St Martin-in-the-Fields, with a final tribute read by John Gielgud.
In 1968, Leigh became the first actress honoured in the United States by 'The Friends of the Libraries at the University of Southern California'. The ceremony was conducted as a memorial service, with selections from her films shown and tributes provided by such associates as George Cukor, who screened the tests that Leigh had made for Gone with the Wind, the first time the screen tests had been seen in 30 years.
The Legacy of Vivien Leigh
Regarded as one of the most beautiful actresses of her era, her directors emphasised this in most of her films. When asked if she believed her beauty had been an impediment to being taken seriously as an actress, she said:
"People think that if you look fairly
reasonable, you can't possibly act,
and as I only care about acting, I
think beauty can be a great handicap,
if you really want to look like the part
you're playing, which isn't necessarily
like you."
Director George Cukor described Leigh as a "Consummate actress, hampered by beauty", and Laurence Olivier said that:
"Critics should give her credit for being
an actress and not go on forever letting
their judgments be distorted by her great
beauty."
Garson Kanin described Leigh as:
"A stunner whose ravishing beauty often
tended to obscure her staggering
achievements as an actress.
Great beauties are infrequently great
actresses - simply because they don't
need to be.
Vivien was different; ambitious,
persevering, serious, often inspired."
Vivien explained that she played as many different parts as possible in an attempt to learn her craft and to dispel prejudice about her abilities.
She believed that comedy was more difficult to play than drama because it required more precise timing, and said that more emphasis should be placed upon comedy as part of an actor's training. Nearing the end of her career, which ranged from Noël Coward comedies to Shakespearean tragedies, she observed:
"It's much easier to make people
cry than to make them laugh."
Her early performances brought her immediate success in Great Britain, but she remained largely unknown in other parts of the world until the release of 'Gone with the Wind'. In December 1939, film critic Frank Nugent wrote in The New York Times:
"Miss Leigh's Scarlett has vindicated
the absurd talent quest that indirectly
turned her up.
She is so perfectly designed for the
part by art and nature that any other
actress in the role would be
inconceivable".
As Vivien's fame escalated, she was featured on the cover of Time magazine as Scarlett. In 1969, critic Andrew Sarris commented that the success of the film had been largely due to "the inspired casting" of Leigh, and in 1998, wrote that:
"She lives in our minds and memories
as a dynamic force rather than as a
static presence".
Film historian and critic Leonard Maltin described the film as one of the all-time greats, writing in 1998 that Leigh "brilliantly played" her role.
Vivien's performance in the West End production of 'A Streetcar Named Desire' was described by the theatre writer Phyllis Hartnoll as:
"Proof of greater powers as
an actress than she had
hitherto shown".
This led to a lengthy period during which she was considered one of the finest actresses in British theatre. Discussing the subsequent film version, Pauline Kael wrote that Leigh and Marlon Brando gave "Two of the greatest performances ever put on film" and that Leigh's was:
"One of those rare performances
that can truly be said to evoke both
fear and pity."
Vivien's greatest critic was Kenneth Tynan who ridiculed Leigh's performance opposite Olivier in the 1955 production of 'Titus Andronicus', commenting that:
"She receives the news that she is
about to be ravished on her husband's
corpse with little more than the mild
annoyance of one who would have
preferred foam rubber."
Tynan was also critical of her reinterpretation of Lady Macbeth in 1955, saying that her performance was insubstantial, and lacked the necessary fury demanded of the role.
After her death, however, Tynan revised his opinion, describing his earlier criticism as one of the worst errors of judgment he had ever made. He came to believe that Leigh's interpretation, in which Lady Macbeth uses her sexual allure to keep Macbeth enthralled, "Made more sense than the usual battle-axe" portrayal of the character.
In a survey of theatre critics conducted shortly after Leigh's death, several named her performance as Lady Macbeth as one of her greatest achievements in theatre.
In 1969, a plaque to Leigh was placed in the Actors' Church, St Paul's, Covent Garden, London. In 1985, a portrait of her was included in a series of United Kingdom postage stamps, along with Sir Alfred Hitchcock, Sir Charlie Chaplin, Peter Sellers and David Niven to commemorate British Film Year.
In April 1996, Vivien appeared in the Centenary of Cinema stamp issue (with Sir Laurence Olivier) and in April 2013 was again included in another series, this time celebrating the 100th. anniversary of her birth.
The British Library in London purchased the papers of Olivier from his estate in 1999. Known as The Laurence Olivier Archive, the collection includes many of Leigh's personal papers, including numerous letters she wrote to Olivier.
The papers of Leigh, including letters, photographs, contracts and diaries, are owned by her daughter, Mrs. Suzanne Farrington.
In 1994, the National Library of Australia purchased a photograph album, monogrammed "L & V O" and believed to have belonged to the Oliviers, containing 573 photographs of the couple during their 1948 tour of Australia. It is now held as part of the record of the history of the performing arts in Australia.
In 2013, an archive of Leigh's letters, diaries, photographs, annotated film and theatre scripts and her numerous awards was acquired by the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
The Ending of 'Gone With the Wind'
Rhett Butler (Clark Gable), as his last words to Scarlett O'Hara, in response to her tearful question: "Where shall I go? What shall I do?" says:
"Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn".
The line demonstrates that Rhett has finally given up on Scarlett and their tumultuous relationship. After more than a decade of fruitlessly seeking her love - as covered by over two and a half hours of film - he no longer cares what happens to her.
However, although they are the last words of Rhett Butler, they are not the last words of the film. Scarlett clings to the hope that she can win him back, and she carries on soliloquising, saying (amongst other things):
"I'll think about it tomorrow".
"I'll think of some way to get him back".
And, finally:
"After all, tomorrow is another day!"
French postcard by St. Anne, Marseille. Photo: Sam Lévin.
Legendary film star Jeanne Moreau (1928) is the personification of French womanhood and sensuality. She had a diverse career as a magnificent stage and film actress, a producer, screenwriter and film director, a successful singer with a substantial recording career, and a theatre and opera director. She combined off-kilter beauty with strong character in Nouveau Vague (New Wave) classics as Ascenseur pour l'échafaud (1958) and Les Amants (1959). Her role as the flamboyant, free-spirited Catherine with her devil-may-care sensuality, in Jules et Jim (1962) is one of the greatest performances in the history of the cinema. Throughout her long career with more than 130 films, Moreau continued to work with some of the most notable film directors.
Jeanne Moreau was born in 1928, Paris, France. Her father, Anatole-Désiré Moreau, owned a restaurant in Monmartre, Paris. Her mother, Katherine (née Buckley), was an English dancer who had come to the Folies Bergère with the Tiller Girls. She grew up living part of the time in Paris, and part of the time in Mazirat, her father s native village. During WW II Katherine and Jeanne were forced to stay in Paris; classified as alien enemies. She attended the Lycee Edgar Quinet in Paris, and began to discover her love of literature and the theatre. When her parents divorced in the late 1940’s and her mother returned to England, she remained with her father in Montmartre. Opposing her father's wishes, she decided to become an actress. She trained for the stage at the Paris Conservatoire, and made her theatrical debut in 1947 at the Avignon Festival. In 1948, when she was only 20 years old, she became the youngest full-time member in the history of the Comédie-Française, France's most prestigious theatrical company. Her first play was Ivan Turgenev's A Month in the Country, directed by Jean Meyer. She soon was one of the leading actresses of the troupe and was recognized as the prime stage actress of her generation. She left in 1951, finding it too restrictive and authoritarian, and joined the more experimental Théâtre Nationale Populaire.She began playing small roles in films like Dernier amour/Last Love (1949, Jean Stelli) and appeared during the 1950’s in several mainstream films like the superb thriller Touchez pas au grisbi/Grisbi (1953, Jacques Becker) with Jean Gabin and the colourful drama La reine Margot/Queen Margot (1954, Jean Dréville).
Jeanne Moreau was almost 30 before her film career took off thanks to her work with first-time director Louis Malle. His murder mystery Ascenseur pour l'échafaud seemed to be in the same thriller genre as her earlier films, but after seeing the first week of dailies for Ascenseur the technicians at the film lab went to the producer and said: “You must not let Malle destroy Jeanne Moreau”. Louis Malle later explained: “She was lit only by the windows of the Champs Elysées. That had never been done. Cameramen would have forced her to wear a lot of make-up and they would put a lot of light on her, because, supposedly, her face was not photogenic”. This lack of artifice revealed Moreau's ‘essential qualities’: she could be almost ugly and then ten seconds later she would turn her face and would be incredibly attractive. But she would be herself.” Ascenseur pour l'échafaud/Elevator to the Gallows (1958, Louis Malle) was immediately followed by the controversial Les amants/The Lovers (1958, Louis Malle). Moreau starred as a provincial wife who abandons her family for a man she has just met. Her earthy, intelligent and subtle portrayal of the adulteress caused a scandal in France. The erotic scenes also caused censorship problems all over the world. The American gossip columnists tagged her as 'The New Bardot' and Moreau instantly became an international sex symbol. Malle and his star separated privately, but they would make several more films together, including the excellent Le feu follet/The Fire Within (1963).
Jeanne Moreau went on to work with many of the best known Nouveau Vague and avant-garde directors. Her most enduring role is the flamboyant and magnetic Catherine in Truffaut's explosive Jules et Jim/Jules and Jim (1962, François Truffaut). She co-produced Jules et Jim herself and also co-produced La baie des anges/Bay of Angels (1963, Jacques Demy) and Peau de banane/Banana Peel (1963, Marcel Ophüls). Her teaming with Brigitte Bardot in Viva Maria! (1965, Louis Malle) was one of the major media events of 1965. Thanks to the on-screen chemistry between the two top French female stars of the period, the film became an international hit. Five years after Jules et Jim, she worked again with François Truffaut, starring as an icy murderess in the popular Hitchcock homage La mariée était en noir/The Bride Wore Black (1967). She also worked with such notable directors as Michelangelo Antonioni (La notte/The Night, 1961, and Beyond the Clouds, 1995), Orson Welles (Le procès/The Trial, 1962; Campanadas a medianoche/Chimes at Midnight, 1965; L’histoire immortelle/The Immortal Story, 1968; and the unfinished The Deep, 1970), Joseph Losey (Eva, 1962; Mr. Klein, 1976), Luis Buñuel (Le journal d'une femme de chambre/Diary of a Chambermaid, 1964), Elia Kazan (The Last Tycoon, 1976), Rainer Werner Fassbinder (Querelle, 1982), and Wim Wenders (Bis ans Ende der Welt/Until the End of the World, 1991). Her stage hits include Anna Bonacci's L'heure éblouissante/The Dazzling Hour (1953), Jean Cocteau's La machine infernale (1954, as the Sphinx), George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion (1955, as Eliza Doolittle), Tennessee Williams' Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1956, as Maggie), Frank Wedekind's Lulu/Loulou (1976, title role) , and The Night of the Iguana (1985, as Hannah Jelkes). She won the Best Actress Molière Award (the French equivalent of the Tony) in 1988 for her acclaimed performance in Hermann Broch's Le récit de la servante Zerline, a huge theatrical success which toured 11 countries. Moreau has also enjoyed success as a vocalist. She has released several albums and once performed with Frank Sinatra at Carnegie Hall. Her name has been often associated, both socially and professionally, to that of writer-director Marguerite Duras; apart from their close friendship, Moreau starred in two films based on Duras' novels, Moderato cantabile/Seven Days ... Seven Nights (1960, Peter Brooks) and /The Sailor from Gibraltar (1967, Tony Richardson), was directed by Duras in Nathalie Granger (1972), was the narrator in another Duras screen adaptation, L'amant (1992, Jean-Jacques Annaud) and even went on to portray Duras in the biopic Cet amour-là (2001, Josée Dayan). Other major literary figures among her close friends were Jean Cocteau, Jean Genet, Henry Miller, and Anaïs Nin. Today Jeanne Moreau is still the president of Equinoxe, an organization which supports new European scriptwriters.
Jeanne Moreau is still active in the international cinema. As her leading-lady days began to wane, she made a graceful transition to character parts. She has used her standing in the French industry to foster the careers of young directors such as Bertrand Blier, in whose 1974 feature Les valseuses/Going Places, she gave a cryptic but memorable performance, and Andre Techine. In 1975 she made her debut as a director in Lumière/Light (1975), the story of several generations of actresses. She also wrote the script and played Sarah, an actress the same age as Moreau. She also helmed L'Adolescente (1978), a semi-autobiographical tale of a girl sent to live with her grandmother in 1939, and Lillian Gish (1984), an homage to the silent screen heroine. She is the only actress who has presided twice over the jury of the Cannes Film Festival (in 1975 and 1995) and was President of the jury at the Berlin Film Festival in 1983. She was chosen by Empire magazine as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in film history (#76) in 1995. She has won a number of honours, including two BAFTA Awards, three Cesars (the French Oscar), a Golden Lion for career achievement at the 1991 Venice Film Festival and a 1997 European Film Academy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 1998 the American Academy of Motion Pictures presented her a life tribute. She also was made a Fellow of the British Film Institute in recognition of her outstanding contribution to film culture.In 2000 she made her debut as a stage director with a Geneva and Paris production of Margaret Edson's Wit. The following year she was the first woman to enter the Academie des Beaux-Arts of Paris. In 2001 she also made her debut as an opera director with an Opera National de Paris production of Giuseppe Verdi's Attila. Among her most recent films are Le temps qui reste/Time to Leave (2005, François Ozon), Go West (2005, Ahmed Imamovic), Disengagement (2007, Amos Gitai) and Visage/Face (2009, Ming-liang Tsai). Jeanne Moreau has been romantically involved with Louis Malle, Francois Truffaut, Lee Marvin, and fashion designer Pierre Cardin. Vanessa Redgrave named Moreau as co-respondent in her 1967 divorce from director Tony Richardson on grounds of adultery. Richardson and Moreau never married. Jeanne Moreau married - and divorced - three times: to actor-director Jean-Louis Richard (1949-1951), to Greek actor Teodoro Rubanis (1966-1967), and to Excorcist director William Friedkin(1977-1980). She has a son with Richard, Jérôme Richard (1950) who is a successful painter. She was quoted saying: "Making films is no longer a way of acting, it is a way of life."
Sources: Jeff Galipeaux (Salon.com), Rebecca Flint Marx (All Movie Guide), Filmreference.com, Wikipedia, and IMDb.
The full uncut video is available on YouTube via link:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5wFHto3GvI&t=303s&ab_cha...
John Dunlap (b.1746/7 d.1812), was was an early American printer, who was born in Meetinghouse Street, Strabane, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland. (Link to photo of his home)
www.flickr.com/photos/152221785@N07/53432245257/in/datepo...
The younger son among probably three sons and four daughters of John Dunlap Snr. (b.1718 d.1783), possibly a saddler, born, Strabane and Sarah Ector (b.1725 d.1780) daughter of James Ector. They married February 1735. John’s grandfather Gabriel Dunlap (b.1696 d. 1770) was the saddler who married Ardstraw 1713 to Barbara Gilmour (b.1696 d.1765).
Siblings of John Dunlap Snr & Sarah Ector.
1. Anne Marie Dunlap (b.1743 d.1816) m. 1764 Johann Peter Raub (b.1743 d.1827)
2. John Dunlap (b.1746/7 d.1812) m. Elizabeth Hayes Ellison (b.1746 d.1836)
3. Gabriel Dunlap (b.1748 d.dec.) m. Esther Phoebe Baker (b.1773 d.?)
4. James Dunlap (b.1750 d.1829)
5. Robert Dunlap (b.1748 d.1834) m. 1st Rebecca Jones (b.1767 d.1838), 2nd Eleanor Dunlap (b.1715/1769 d.1787), 3rd Sarah Hood (b.1718 / 1778 d.?)
Gray’s Printers, 49, Main Street, Strabane, County Tyrone now owned and operated by the National Trust, is suggested to be the place where John Dunlap learned the print trade. However, no records are available to substanciate this claim.
As a ten year old boy in 1757, John immigrated to America, where he became an apprentice to his uncle, printer, bookseller, postmaster and later a minister of the Anglican Church, William Dunlap (b.? d.1779) who had earlier emigrated to America. Williams apperars to have been the son of Gabriel Dunlap (b.1696 d.1770) a saddlemaker in Strabane. William himself had been an apprentice to William Bradford (b.1663 d.1752). In 1754 Benjamin Franklin (b.1706 d.1790) sent William to take charge of his print buisness in Lancaster. In 1764 William married Deborah Croker (b.1731 d.1775), a niece of Deborah Reed Franklin (b.c.1708 d.1774), the wife of Benjamin Franklin. William gave up the press in Lancaster early in 1757, before returning to Philadelphia when Franklin appointed him as postmaster of Philadelphia, however in 1764 he was replaced by another of Benjamin Franklin’s relative, Peter Franklin (b.1692 d.1766).
Early in 1756 the printer James Chattin moved his shop in Church Alley to an Office, on Market Street, three doors south of 2nd Street opposite the Jersey Market, however after two and a half years Chattin sold out to William and in June 1758 the first advertisement appeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette for William Dunlap. This was to be the location of the Dunlap press for the next 37 years, a press which was to play a historic role in the founding of the United States.
Partly as a result, of financial difficulties in 1766 William gave up bookselling, handed over management of his print shop to his nephew John so he could travel to England to be ordained as minister of the Church of England. In 1768, William became rector of the parish of Stratton in Virginia, and officially sold his print business in Philadelphia to John in July 1776.
William and his wife Deborah had five children:
1. Sarah Dunlap (b.1753 d.?)
2. Francis Franklin Dunlap (b.1756 d.1776) died a chaplain in the 6th Regiment Marines, in British Service.
3. Deborah Dunlap Robinson (b.1756 d.?) who married in 1784, John Robinson (Jr) of Green Branch in Middlesex County, Virginia,
4. Benjamin Franklin Dunlap (b.1758 d.1783) died in S. Carolina, a portable pressman in service of Gen. Nathanael Greene.
5. Fanney Dunlap (b.1760 d.?)
William remarried, to a wealthy, childless widow, Mrs. Johanna Greene Rowe, of Gloucester, County, Virginia. William died in 25 Sep 1779 and was buried at Saint Paul's Church Cemetery, Hanover County, Virginia.
John Dunlap, after purchasing his uncle’s printing business, paying him off in instalments. During this period John’s close friend Dr. Benjamin Rush (b.1746 d.1813), a Pennsylvania signator of the declaration, recalled that John was so poor that he lived in his print shop, sleeping on the floor under the counter.
On 28 October 1771, Dunlap launched a newspaper, The Pennsylvania Packet and the General Advertiser, to be published every Monday. David C. Claypoole (b.1757 d.1849) eventually became Dunlap’s partner in this enterprise, and on 21 September 1784, the Pennsylvania Packet became the first newspaper of significance in America to be published daily.
Dunlap also established a newspaper in Baltimore, Dunlap’s Maryland Gazette, or The Baltimore Advertser in 1775.
July 1776 was pivotal in the history of the United States and the history of democracy. The American Revolution was little more than a civil war. The Continental Army was outnumbered three to one by the British and their German mercenaries. The British Navy dominated the high seas, cutting off supplies and arms. America was seeking support both domestically and internationally.
On 7 June 1776, Richard Henry Lee (b.1732 d.1794) of Virginia at a meeting in Philadelphia introduced a resolution urging Congress to declare independence from Great Britain. Four days later, John Adams (b.1735 d.1826) repesenting Massachusetts, Roger Sherman (b.1721 d.1793) representing Connecticut, Robert R. Livingston (b.1746 d.1813) representing New York, Thomas Jefferson (b.1743, d.1826) representing Virginia and Benjamin Franklin (b.1706 d.1790) representing Pennsylvania were appointed as a committee to draft a declaration of independence. The committee's draft was read in Congress on 28 June in Philadelphia. On 4 July, Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, containing a list of grievances against the British crown and the reason for the revolution. The document was printed and circulated throughout the colonies in the form of a broadside.
Commomly called the ‘Dunlap broadside’. Broadsides are large sheets of paper, printed on one side like a poster, that were popular in the 18th century as a means for rapid distribution of information. They were posted in town halls and other public meeting spaces, and often reprinted in local newspapers.
The Continental Congress saw the Declaration of Independence as a powerful tool. The support of nations like France, the Netherlands, and Poland was crucial. Declaring independence made it possible to take the Revolution out of the arena of civil war and put it directly on the international stage as a war for independence. The simplicity and eloquence of the Declaration of Independence immediately gained the attention of the world and has inspired democratic movements ever since. Getting the word out was a priority.
The Declaration of Independence was written and approved at a time when British forces were converging on the belligerent colonies, it was a dangerous document for the signers and anyone else having anything to do with it. The signers pledged to each other “our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor” in support of the declaration. Printer, John Dunlap, just 29, made no such pledge, but by setting the document in type, placed himself in harm’s way as much as any delegate.
When the first copies of the Declaration of Independence were sent out across the United States, just three names were on the document, John Hancock as President, Charles Thomson as Secretary and John Dunlap.
John Dunlap, and David Chambers Claypoole (b.1757 d.1849) official printers to the Continental Congress, produced the first printed versions of the American Declaration of Independence in Dunlap’s Philadelphia shop on the night of 4 July 1776. After the Declaration had been adopted by the Congress earlier that day, a committee took the manuscript document, possibly, Thomas Jefferson's "fair copy" of his rough draft, to Dunlap for printing. Also on 5th July, a copy of the printed version of the approved Declaration was inserted into the "rough journal" of the Continental Congress for 4th July. The text was followed by the words "Signed by Order and in Behalf of the Congress, John Hancock, President. Attest, Charles Thomson, Secretary."
The Declaration of Independence had 56 signatures. Less well-known is the fact that 4 were born on the island of Ireland, with 5 more were of Irish descent.
1. Charles Thomson (b.1729 d.1824) born Maghera, County L-Derry.
2. James Smith (b.1719 d.1806) born Northern Ireland.
3. George Taylor (b.c.1716 d.1781) born in Antrim, Northern Ireland.
4. Matthew Thornton (b.1713 d.1803) born in County Limerick
5. Charles Carroll (b.1737 d.1832) born to a family from County Offaly.
6. Thomas Lynch, Jr. (b.1749 d.1779) his grandfather was from County Galway.
7. George Read (b.1733 d.1798) his father was from Dublin.
8. Edward Rutledge (b.1749 d.1800) his father left Callan, County Kilkenny in 1735.
9. Thomas McKean (b.1734 d.1817) mother and father from Ballymoney, County Antrim.
In 1796, signer, Thomas McKean disputed that the Declaration had been signed on 4th July, pointing out that some signers were not present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date. "No person signed it on that day nor for many days after", he wrote. His claim gained support when the Secret Journals of Congress were published in 1821. The Secret Journals contained two previously unpublished entries about the Declaration.
In 1884, historian Mellen Chamberlain (b.1821 d.1900) argued that these entries indicated that the famous signed version of the Declaration had been created following the 19 July resolution, and had not been signed by Congress until 2nd August. Subsequent research has confirmed that many of the signers had not been present in Congress on 4th July, and that some delegates may have added their signatures even after 2nd August. Legal historian Wilfred Ritz (b.1915. d.1995) concluded in 1986 that about 34 delegates signed the Declaration on July 4, and that the others signed on or after 2nd August.
There is no official record of just how many broadsides Dunlap produced on 4th and 5th July in Dunlap’s print shop located near the southeast corner of High (Market) Street and Second Street. The general consensus seems to be 150-200 copies, but it is unclear if there is any evidence to back up this number.
26 copies are known to exist, 20 owned by American institutions, 3 by British institutions, and 3 by private individuals.
In 1989, a Philadelphia financial analyst bought an old painting (depicting a country scene) at a flea market in Adamstown, Pennsylvania, for $4. He only wanted the frame and when he removed the picture he found an original Dunlap broadside hidden inside. At a Sotheby auction on 4 June 1991 it sold for $4.42 million, not a bad return on a $4 investment. In a later auction of June 2000 it fetched an $8.14 million (£6,803,822) bid from television producer Norman Lear (b.1922) in an online auction.
In July 2021, another copy of the Declaration, unaccounted for nearly 177 years, was discovered in an attic in Scotland and was sold on 1st July for $4,420,000 (£3,210,000), the second highest ever paid at auction for a Declaration, this copperplate engraving on parchment was produced in 1823 by William J. Stone (b.c1800 d.1865).
In 1774 Dunlap published a reprint of Thomas Jefferson's ”Summary View of the Rights of British America”.
Dunlap fled Philadelphia as the British closed in on the city during the fall of 1777. Patriots stripped the city of anything the British could use, including the Liberty Bell, before allowing the British on 26 Sept 1777 to march into the city without opposition. Dunlap moved his press to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, safely behind American lines, until the 15,000 occupying British troops evacuated the city on 18 July 1778.
During this time Dunlap printed material for the revolutionary Pennsylvania assembly and also in 1777 took over printing the Journals of the Continental Congress from Robert Aitken (b.1734 d. 1802), and who was first to publish an English language Bible in the newly formed United States), but lost the contract in 1779 after printing a letter from Thomas Paine (b.1737 d.1809) in his newspaper that leaked news of the secret that French aid had been provided to the Americans.
John was the first printer to reestablish business in Philadelphia in July 1778. Dunlap and his partner Claypoole also printed the constitution of the United States in 1787. Written in 1787, ratified in 1788, and in operation since 1789, the United States Constitution is the world's longest surviving written charter of government. It’s first three words, “We the People”, which affirms that the government of the United States exists to serve its citizens.
Dunlap, in 1774 was one of the founders of the 1st Troop of Philadelphia City Cavalry and during the American Revolutionary War (aka, the U.S. War of Independence) from 1775 to 1783, he saw action as a cornet (the lowest grade of commissioned officer) and also as bodyguard to George Washington (b.1732 d.1799) at the battles of Trenton (26 Dec 1776) and Princeton (13 Jan 1777). It was in this capacity that Dunlap would have witnessed the negotiations for the surrender of New York on 25 November 1783, by fellow Strabane man Sir Guy Carleton aka Lord Dorchester (b.1724 d.1808).
In August 1783, Carleton was informed that Great Britain would grant the United States its independence. With Carleton’s exit from New York imminent, he asked to be relieved of his command. With this news, Loyalists began an exodus from the Thirteen Colonies, Carleton doing his best to have them resettled outside of the United States.
At a meeting with George Washington, among others, to arrange for the implementation of those parts of the Treaty of Paris (signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States on 3rd September 1783, officially ending the American Revolutionary War and the conflict between the two countries) relating to the evacuation of New York City, then commanded by Carleton and still occupied by the British Army, many Loyalists and former slaves. Carleton refused to deliver over the human property to the Americans at the time, instead, he proposed a registry so that the owners might eventually be paid for the slaves, who were entitled to their freedom by British proclamation and promises. Sir Guy noted that nothing could be changed in any Articles that were inconsistent with prior policies or national honour, he added that the only mode was to pay for the Negroes, in which case justice was done to all, the former slaves and their masters. Carleton said that if removing them proved to be an infraction of the treaty, then compensation would have to be paid by the British government. To provide for such a contingency, he had a register kept of all Negroes who left, called the ’Book of Negroes’, entering their names, ages, occupations, and names of their former masters. The Americans agreed to this, but as far as can be determined, the Crown never paid compensation. The British transported about 3,000 freedmen and other Loyalists to Nova Scotia for resettlement. As the colony struggled, some of the freedmen later, in early 1790s go to Freetown, Sierra Leone, where the British had set up a new colony, which included the Black Poor from London.
Dunlap continued in the First City Troop after the war, rising to the rank of major, and leading Pennsylvania's cavalry militia to help suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794.
The First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, also known as the First City Troop, is a unit of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard. In 1799, as Captain of the Troop, Dunlap wrote, “With pleasure I tell you, that when the Laws and Government of this happy country require defence, the First Troop of Philadelphia Cavalry wants but one hour’s notice to march.”
In 1780 John subscribed £4,000 to found the National Bank for the United States to provide supplies for the new country's army. For 3 years from 1789 to 1792 John was also a member of the Common Council of Philadelphia. which was responsible for building and maintaining the city’s infrastructure and enacting legislation.
John married Elizabeth (Eliza) Hayes (née Ellison) b.1746 d.1836, a widow from Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK on the 3 February 1773 in Pennsylvania. Elizabeth was born on 7 April 1746, her father, Samuel Ellison (b.1734 d.1809) was born in Wike, Harewood, Yorkshire her mother, Elizabeth Bickerdike (b.1725 d.?) was also born in Wike, Harewood, Yorkshire.
John & Elizabeth had six daughters and three sons; two of the sons died in infancy.
1. Sarah (nee Dunlap) Forrest (b.1774 d.1821)
2. Elizabeth (nee Dunlap) Borrough (b.1776 d.1835)
3. Mary (nee Dunlap) Bleight (b.1779 d.1868)
4. John Dunlap (b.1780 d.infant)
5. Ann Dunlap (b.1782 d.1874)
6. John Dunlap (b.1783 d.infant)
7. Catharine (nee Dunlap) Parham (b.1785 d.1812.)
8. John Ray Dunlap (b.1786 d.1813)
9. Charlotte (nee Dunlap) Elfreth (b.1791 d.1833)
John Dunlap would go on to print currency for Pennsylvania, beginning in 1777, 1778 and 1781 and for Virginia also in 1781. The examples in the addition to the Early American Paper Money Collection were issued by an Act of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on 20 March 1777, exactly 246 years ago. The Assembly approved £200,000 to support the army, Dunlap printed bills ranging in denomination from three pence to four shillings, each denomination with a different border.
Arms of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania were first introduced in an official capacity on the front of these bills, a seal made up of three images: a ship, a plough, and three sheaves of wheat. The new ‘arms’ replace the British arms which are found on earlier issues. Not merely decorative, these details helped to combat counterfeiting, which was so common that the back of each bill also features a warning: “To Counterfeit is Death”. Yet another check for legitimacy was the paper’s watermark, which reads: “PENSYL/VANIA”.
Revolutionary War Oath of Allegiance was printed by John Dunlap. On 3 June 1777, Pennsylvania enacted a new policy in which all male inhabitants over the age of 18 were required to subscribe to an oath of allegiances before a Justice of the Peace renouncing all allegiances to Great Britain and King George III. The Justices were required to keep a list of all names in a register and submit them annually to the Register of Deeds. The Justice would have received one shilling for every person that they recorded and the Recorder’s Office received five shillings for every hundred names recorded.
Betsy Ross Flag
According to oral history, in 1776, three men, George Washington, then the head of the Continental Army, Robert Morris (b.1734 d.1806), perhaps the wealthiest citizen in the Colonies and George Ross (b.1730 d.1779) a respected Philadelphian and also the uncle of Betsy’s late husband, John Ross (b.1752 d.1776) visited Betsy Ross (b.1752 d.1836) in her upholstery shop. Washington showed Betsy a sketch of a flag with thirteen red and white stripes and thirteen six-pointed stars.
Washington asked if Betsy could make a flag from the design. Betsy responded: "I do not know, but I will try." This line was used in the sworn statements of many of Betsy's family members, suggesting that it is a direct quote from Betsy. Betsy suggested changing the stars to five points rather than six. She showed them how to do it with just one snip of her scissors. They all agreed to the suggested design change. On 14 June 1777, Congress adopted the Stars and Stripes as the official national flag.
John helped several of his relations to emigrate from Ireland, he was a charitable and fair-minded, and somewhat intemperate person. His major financial success came from real estate speculation during the American Revolution, he bought property confiscated from Loyalists who refused to take Pennsylvania's new loyalty oath. He had amassed a large fortune, held 98,000 acres in Virginia and the adjoining counties of Kentucky and owned land in Utica, Ohio, so by 1795, when he was 48, he was able to retire with a sizable estate.
John penned the follow letter to his sister who was married to Robert Rutherford advising his relatives in Strabane on the method and merit of migration. He wrote in 1785:
My dear sister, by Mr. Orr who will deliver you this I have wrote a letter to your husband Mr. Rutherford and one to your son [Billy]. Should you think of sending him to this country, I will either observe your directions in having him taught some business or judge myself what will be the most suitable for him after he has finished the education you mean to give him, which may be had here as well as in Ireland, for the sooner the boys comes here after they have determined the better ...
At the same time he wrote to his nephew in Strabane:
Dear Billy, Your agreeable letter of last year came safe to hand: the account you there give of your progress in learning is very pleasing: education is the foundation on which young men must build their prospects of future happiness. if it is agreeable to you, your father and mother that you should come to this country, I will observe their directions in having you taught any business you may wish to learn ...
For a time prior to 1787, John and his family lived in the "Declaration House" on the South West corner of Market and Seventh Streets in Philadelphia, where Thomas Jefferson stayed in 1776 while he drafted the Declaration. The family moved in 1797 into a fine mansion he had built in 1790 at Market and Twelfth Streets.
John found retirement disagreeable and according to his friend, Dr. Benjamin Rush, he sought refuge in the bottle and became a drunkard in his final years. John died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the age of 65 on 27 November 1812 of apoplexy (unconsciousness or incapacity resulting from a cerebral haemorrhage or stroke) ironically, as he was reading a newspaper. He was buried with military honours in the graveyard of Christ Church Burial Ground, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (where Benjamin Franklin is buried). He was survived by his wife Elizabeth who passed away on 26 March 1836, she was laid to rest with John.
Christ Church records show John and Elizabeth Dunlap had six daughters and three sons baptized with the named John, in 1781, 1784 and 1786. It appears only his youngest son, John Ray Dunlap survived to adulthood.
A blue plaque was errected on the front of the house where John Dunlap was born, possibly No 21, Meetinghhouse Street, Strabane. The blue plaque was mounted on the house of the last occupiers Mary, Betty, Patsy & Domnic Shearer (Domnic, was a member of the Clipper Carlton Show Band) which was the middle house of three, two-story terraced houses. To the left was the family of Mary & Barney Mulhern and to the right my Father & Mother, Eddie & Margaret ‘Greta’ Devlin, my family home, No. 19, Meetinghouse Street.
[Leo Frank Flickr Museum & Gallery Curator Commentary in Brackets, The Spring, 2020:
Introducing the source of reporting for this 1995 kerfuffle.
Established in 1866, the Marietta Daily Journal (MDJ) is at present (2020) the city of Marietta's oldest and most prominent newspaper in that locale which is conveniently situated at the suburban perimeter of metro Atlanta. For more information about the MJD visit www.mdjonline.com and feel free sign up for their affordable online news service to save some trees. They are widely regarded as one of the best sources for local and area updates.
North West from the capital, Marietta is located in the central hub of Cobb County, Georgia. The population as of 2019 was estimated to be just over 60,000 residents, making it the fourth largest of Atlanta's suburbs (Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia).
When a Rabbi and a city councilman give new life and meaning to the archaic word 'Skullduggery':
For our international students of the Leo Frank case, this 1995 MDJ article clipping was submitted recently in the month May of 2020, thusly marking the 25th anniversary of a little-known skirmish over the insensitive and abusive replacement of a demagogical propaganda sign-post in a prominent location inside the gates of the old Marietta city cemetery. The outcome of this anti-Gentile episode created ethnic strife in that neck of the woods and racial hostility in the region where a slim majority of the population is African-American (Leo Frank attempted unsuccessfully to entrap two black employees at the National Pencil Company for the gruesome criminal offense).
The official placement of historic sign-posts on public or government land should not be furtively organized by secret societies and privy agitators in quasi-confidential backroom deals involving corrupt politicians who ensure fast-track placement. The official placement of historic sign-posts on communal land legally requires a process of transparency, beginning with public announcements, followed by open dialogue at public government building rooms, with feedback from residents of the community in those face-to-face forums.
Replacing the original and more factually correct sign-post, the newer, politically correct sign-post was swapped out in a quasi-legalistic manner on a moonless midnight in the autumn of 1995, after an improperly held assembly of city councilpersons was conducted clandestinely, and without due process of rules or regulations. These types of quasi-legalistic shenanigans are the unprincipled maneuvers that have been utilized since 1913 with regards to establishing a doctrinal portrayal of Leo Frank as a civil right icon, whose wrongful conviction is attributed to anti-Semitism.
The apparent goal of the political bullying at the time of this anti-Gentile episode couldn't have been more apparent to everyone familiar with the facts of the case. The ordeal was a sly attempt by Jewish activists living in Cobb county to further overwhelm the placid neighborhood with a domineering force of legalistic maneuvering, utilizing local government power, to reassert who in an ongoing capacity controls history's "authoritative narration" about this murder-revenge scandal. Furthermore, the attainment and staying power of the newer and contrived metal plant in the aftermath of controversy, was another major stepping stone in helping to diminish the significance and public perception surrounding the underdeveloped, 1986-pardon of Leo M. Frank. Thus at least for at least the time being, and until the best timing approaches in the years ahead, when total victory is anticipated at hand, it will arrive, with the right crooked Governor of Georgia, and just enough corrupt sitting members of the general assembly in place at the capital, to get a decisive majority vote on the final status of Leo Frank.
This out-with-the-old and in-with-the-new, was a milestone achievement in a much longer strategic game, a multi-lifetime mobilization to get the state of Georgia to formally declare a miscarriage of justice with respect to the jury's conclusion, hearkening back 107 years ago into the last week of August 1913 at Leo Frank's trial for his life. and to annul that unanimous decision of the jurymen at the Fulton County Superior Court who rendered their final decision on a fellow peer with no mercy.
Using a cemetery for these ulterior designs is the epitome of garish by all objective standards, but putting the prominent sign next to the grave of the very child who was molested, and asphyxiated by a serial pedophile is the epitome of ghoulish. The historic marker continues to be a thorn in the side of the placid community.
The Phagan family in dismay and grief had no choice but to put up a sign next to Mary's grave (the grave had been vandalized) to provide some palliative clarity against the backdrop of soulless Rabbi Steven Lebow's and heartless Philip Goldstein's disgusting maneuver on behalf of Jewry.
Many Jews in the greater area, including myself, were appalled by the callous display of using the Phagan family plot as a device to rehabilitate the convicted sex Killer, Leo Frank, using the deceit of removing the previous mention that his pardon did not officially exonerate him of the crime. The tasteless Lebow-Philip historical marker continues to be an embarrassing display, especially now that everyone on the Internet knows how the sign came about in 1995 via subterfuge and what it is trying to conceal.
The contention appears to be over whether or not the public should be made aware that evidence presented to a government tribunal in Atlanta in the 1980s concerning Leo Frank's 1913 child-strangling conviction, did not rise to the level of warranting his acknowledgment of innocence, when Georgia's pardon and paroles board addressed the issue of his guilt between 1982-1986. It was a lot of hullabaloo about a long-forgotten case ("Leo who?" was the most common response by the non-senior-citizen folks at the time) and it wound up being an anti-climatic affair in its conclusion, but it started a new fire that is still burning to this very day with a 2019 Atlanta 'Conviction Integrity Unit' (C.I.U) having been constituted on April 26th of that year.
Flashback to 86'
Although the outcome was anti-Climatic, inadvertently fresh new wounds were opened when the Georgia Board of Pardon's and Paroles made the decision to "compromise-pardon" Leo Frank on March 11th, 1986, with a *wink-wink* caveat that flustered the Jewish community. The incident had the embarrassing sheen of an undercooked "participation award" that one might receive at the special Olympics or a "woke" social justice conference on reducing the hours of a workweek from 40 to 35, but it ultimately lacked the vindicative substance that had been aggressively sought for more than 70 years.
Leo Max Frank was issued a posthumous "pardon" on a technicality, but that March 11th, 1986 decision did not officially change the August 25th, 1913 trial jury's verdict of guilt rendered against him, which included capital punishment by way of "hanging from the neck until dead". The State of Georgia as of this writing in 2020 still recognizes Leo Frank as being the culprit with malice aforethought for the crime of placing a rope around Mary Phagan's neck and choking her until she died from terminal brain damage caused by hypoxia.
I present this reader submission here to elucidate, the now 107-year conflict that has been smoldering under the surface of a happy-placid community. One where Jews and Gentiles have been intermarrying in Georgia since the 19th century, but the Frank case seemingly causes them lingering disparities of sympathies underneath the veneer.
Georgia's Phagan family has endured much grief over the grand-scale of their multigenerational lives since 1913, they recently created a family website: www.LittleMaryPhagan.com hopefully people can come together in these times of division for dialogue, not unilateral political machinations. End of Curator Commentary.]
Contribution:
Unnecessary Jewish-Gentile Conflict in the American South: Anti-Gentile Political Bullying, Jewish Supremacist Bigotry and chauvinistic Ethnoreligious Activism in Marietta, Georgia, Circa 1994 -- 1995, an ongoing challenge over the Leo Frank scandal since 1913.
In the mid-1990s, there was a firestorm of controversy in the leafy suburbs of metro-Atlanta over the wording on a prominent historical monument-sign that was mounted atop an industrial-strength steel pole of several feet in height, planted at the Old Marietta City Cemetery. It was placed there to educate visitors about the connotation of a burial site belonging to a little girl named Mary Anne Phagan (born on June 1st, 1899 -- death April 26, 1913) who had been the molestation and strangling victim of then-29-years-old pedophile sex-killer, Leo Max Frank (April 17, 1884 -- August 17, 1915). Frank was a sweatshop operator of an industrial machine shop in downtown Atlanta Georgia where pencils were assembled and he was prominent in the city's Jewish community, and arguably the most important Jew serving as B'nai B'rith President of Georgia from 1912-1914.
The ADL -- Anti-Defamation League, organized as a subcommittee by the International Order of B'nai B'rith, was said to have been galvanized in its founding over the adverse outcome of his notorious trial. Rehabilitating Frank's conviction and reputation as a pervert has been the raison d'etre of ADL since 1913, and they continue to agitate on his behalf every August 17th, the lynching anniversary. In 1987, one year after Frank was "pardoned", the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith dropped B'nai B'rith from its protracted name and became simply, A.D.L.
True Crime: The Case of Mary Phagan
Phagan was sexually assaulted by Leo Frank at minutes past noon on April 26, 1913, in a dingy manufacturing department of his factory, he presumably strangled her to death so that she wouldn't be unable to report to the police and her family the incident of the proposition, rejection, aggravated and forceable sodomy that ensued. It didn't take long for the police detectives to figure out Leo Frank was a pervy deviant chasing after the littlest of kids (Mary Phagan was only 4'11" tall), when they tracked down former child workers, some of whom told the cops he had a predilection for sexually harassing the pre-pubescent and teenage laborers toiling away at his sweatshop.
Less than a month after the rape-lynching of the little Phagan child it was found out that Frank enlisted his African-American janitor, James "Jim" Conley to help dispose of the freshly-killed cadaver. "To throw the dogs off the trail" of where and how Phagan had been slain, Leo Frank saw to it that her body was mutilated, by way of it being dragged 140-feet across the hard earthen-floor of the National Pencil Company's basement. It was an attempt to conceal the fact that Phagan had been originally killed on the office floor two stories above.
Investigators Find Out Leo Frank's Factory Boss Reputation
"Reputation is how generally the public thinks and perceives you to be, character is what you really are" -- an old Georgian adage.
During their investigations, and gathering statements, it didn't take police detectives and government officials much time to find out Frank's true character. Using the Atlanta City Directory catalogs from 1909 to 1913 as guides for tracking people down, the sleuths during their successive interviews with NPCo. factory employees, some of whom had been formerly employed there, and many who had presently worked at the National Pencil Company at the time, were saying Frank was taking certain liberties with his young sweatshop laborers. Some claimed he had touched them inappropriately or seem him touch others in an untoward manner, others claimed he tried to get them to engage in prostitution when they came to collect weekly wages on Saturdays.
To paraphrase, "A touchy, leery, pervert", 20 girls testify to Frank's unmistakeable salacious behavior.
At the trial of Leo M. Frank, 20 girls testified his character for lasciviousness was bad. L.M. Frank had been seen regularly managing the factory by walking around and inspecting production and process, which is to be expected, but what was uncalled for, was that when he was showing the girls how to do their jobs at their work stations, he would sometimes come up behind them (Joe Biden style), a little bit too close for comfort, placing his hands on their shoulders.
He had also sexually harassed the young teenage girls working for him by opening up the door to their women's dressing room (Here's Johnny!) and peering inside while they were changing their clothes. Frank's defenders would use the excuse that he did that to make sure they weren't loafing or flirting with boys out the windows, but that was just a ruse.
The factory girl's working on the fourth floor of the National Pencil Company also saw him take teenage forewoman Rebecca Carsen into that same dressing room 3 to 4 times a week, when the room was empty, presumably for intimate liaisons (to use the slang, "nooners"). It was considered scandalous among the gossiping employees, because Frank was married to Lucille Selig, daughter of a prominent German-Jewish Southern family, whose maternal-line had founded the first synagogue in Georgia, via Levi Cohen in the 1800s. German Jews were very highly regarded in the South, but when Russian Jews started to immigrate they had given both native Jews and Gentiles a bad impression.
Lewd, and Licentious Lascivious Behavior
Leo Frank had developed a reputation for lasciviousness among numerous of his sweatshop child laborers. Every Saturday at noon was the regularly scheduled day employees would go to Leo Frank's business office at the front of the National Pencil Company's second floor for receiving their paychecks.
At a coroner's inquest with 6-sworn jurymen, held by the State medical examiner Paul Donehoo, 4-days after the discovery of Phagan's dead body, factory employees were questioned under oath. Some of those employees discussed how they had been sexually harassed by Leo Frank, who was making sexual innuendos and offering them money for sex when they went to collect their paychecks. One girl described how Leo Frank slyly touched her breast.
Georgia Supreme Court Appellate Review
During the Georgia Supreme Court appeals of Frank's 1913 summer trial, those who had testified during that courtroom ordeal, provided affidavits describing the post-trial subornation of perjury they had witnessed upon themselves, and specifically how Leo Frank's defense team tried to bribe them to repudiate their former trial testimony to help the cause of his appeals.
They also restated their knowledge that Leo Frank knew Mary Phagan quite well, calling her Mary on several occasions, and harassing her at the workstation where she inserted erasers into the brass caps of pencils.
The 150-something pages of affidavits responding to Leo Frank's appeals in the GA Supreme Court records are a multidimensional testament to the criminal activity Leo Frank's defenders are willing to go through to rehabilitate his reputation and character. Leo Frank's enablers have continued their perfidy hence, even a century later, they are still up to their dirty tricks. Their latest game is getting as many University professors and journalists as possible, to write articles that Leo Frank is innocent to trick the public into thinking there is a new consensus that Leo Frank was framed.
The Old Marietta City Cemetery, Marietta, Georgia, USA
The Phagan family plot was first purchased and owned by W.J. Phagan, Little Mary's grandfather. The young murder-victim was interred in a grave at this historic 19th century-founded burial park on Tuesday, April 28th, 1913, with several hundred community members, journalists, and spectators present at the time. She became a contemporary symbol of the pain and suffering that many kids of grinding poverty had to endure as child laborers, toiling 55-hour to 60-hour work-weeks in Atlanta's industrial sweatshops and mills. These children often endured humiliating wages, high levels of sexual harassment, and appalling work environments.
Mary Phagan's Grave
A tombstone at the head of her burial plot was donated by Confederate Veterans June 25th, 1915, and in 1933 a marble slab inscribed with an indelible tribute was placed over her grave--the engraving of the epitaph was a dedication to Mary Phagan written decades prior by a former U.S. Congressman from Georgia, Tom Watson, who had passed away in 1922 while serving in the U.S. Senate.
The highly visible metal plaque was placed in the 1990s, it was just a stone's throw away from the Phagan family plot, which is a popular tourist attraction because of the notoriety of this true-crime.
The good people of Marietta are called upon to organize themselves against the Jewish supremacists in town, and get thet sign changed to one that is more factually accurate and politically neutral.
The First Version of the Sign was This:
Here are the words for the first sign which supposedly is held in Marietta History Museum, but not made public there, except on rare occasions.
Mary Phagan
Celebrated in song as "Little Mary Phagan" after her murder on Confederate Memorial Day, 1913, in Atlanta. Grave marked by CSA veterans in 1915. Tribute by Tom Watson set 1933. Leo Frank, sentenced to hang, granted clemency before lynching August 17, 1915. His 1986 pardon is based on States's failure to protect him/apprehend killers, not Frank's innocence.
--End of first sign text.
Notice the first version of the Mary Phagan history sign factually clarifies that Leo Frank was posthumously pardoned on a technicality, not because there was evidence of his innocence.
Cunning Jewish activist members of the city council in Marietta were not happy with this accurate legalistic clarification. It enabled the public to be informed that Leo Frank was still officially guilty under the law of Georgia, and this was a major setback for the fact Jewish activists had been building an artificial consensus in the media and academy over many generations to falsely convince everyone Leo Frank was not only supposedly innocent as an opinion, but he was also wrongfully convicted, and therefore not actually guilty, even though he was duly tried for the Phagan rape-murder.
Both appellate tribunals, the State and Federal Supreme Courts, ruled there were no technical errors at Leo Frank's trial in their majority decisions. He had been given a fair trial and duly convicted. Moreover, the Georgia Supreme Court ruled the evidence and testimony at the trial of Leo Frank sustained his guilty verdict. These are facts Jewish activists do not want to become public knowledge in their efforts to get him exonerated.
1982-1986, the Cosmetic Posthumous Pardon of Leo Frank
The Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (ADL), Atlanta Jewish Federation (AJF) and American Jewish Committee (AJC) spent enormous financial resources on lawyers, backroom wheeling-and-dealing, and political bullying to get Leo Frank posthumously pardoned, but it was an embarrassing setback for the Jewish community because the Georgia Board of Pardon's and Paroles was clear in their written decision that they were not addressing the issue of his guilt or innocent, thereby making his status of guilt, maintained officially. More than 100 years after the murder of Mary Phagan, the sodomitic strangler is still considered guilty in the eyes of the law
Family Seeking Justice For Mary Phagan
At the time, the family of Mary Phagan contested the machinations of the local Jewish community who were using the imprimatur of the local government for pushing the broader and manufactured orthodoxy on the Leo M. Frank true-crime affair, that he was framed. Since 1913, the Leo Frank case has been a cause celebre of the Jewish community, who have been agitating in the media, academy, and government institutions for his eventual vindication, even though, as Steve Oney has, recently, to paraphrase, said there is no new evidence on the case to have come forth in his behalf.
Here is the text of the second iteration of the sign:
Celebrated in song as "Little Mary Phagan" after her murder at age 13 on April 26, 1913 in Atlanta. The trial and conviction of Leo Frank were controversial, as was the commutation of his death sentence four days before confederate veterans marked her grave on June 25, 1915. He was abducted from prison and lynched August 17, 1915. In 1986, he was issued a pardon.
--end of the second iteration of the sign.
"PSYOP" - Psychological Operation?
The people of Marietta, especially its veteran citizens of the U.S. military considered the city council's clandestine change a "PSYOP" - "Psychological Operation" of sneaky, subtle, linguistic manipulation, through the use of local government's gravitas. In less verbose words, members of the Jewish community were using its coreligionist city council members to hold secret meetings behind closed doors (when those meetings are required by law to be transparent and announced publicly) to modify the historical message on the said plaque. With little to no notice (except amongst themselves and leading Jewish communal associates), they changed the plaque in the middle of the night without the knowledge of the local populace, and it was only when people started noticing the dramatic change, was a protest launched.
The contention which arose at the time was over the major alteration of statements on said marker (a prior version was replaced with new contrived text) and what it communicated to the populace was an attempt to play on the naivety of the public. Most people do not know the pardon of Leo Frank was cosmetic only in that it did not exculpate him of the unspeakable crime he committed.
The White Supremacist Racist Framing of African-American Jim Conley
The descendants of murder victim Mary Phagan, were incensed because the wording presented to the public was using political trickery and social deception based on the Jewish community's designs, whose academic, religious and leadership have been promoting the racist falsehood that the White man Leo Frank was innocent of sexually assaulting and strangling to death Mary Phagan, and Jim Conley, an African-American man and admitted accessory-after-the-fact was the real culprit, who acted alone.
Though no reliable evidence has ever been presented to indicate Jim Conley committed the murder, let alone by himself. Only hoaxes and frauds have been introduced over the last century by Leo Frank's coreligionists and defenders to mendaciously implicate Jim Conley, which is a twisted irony, because it was Jim Conley and a 14-year-old White girl named Monteen Stover who helped the police crack the case and solve that slaying, rather effectively.
Falsely Accused, Wrongfully Convicted, Wantonly Murdered
So says the August 17th, 1995, plaque placed on a wall by Rabbi Steven Lebow, onto the side of a brick building formerly near where Leo Frank was lynched. The VPI corporation building was condemned in 2014 to make way for an I-75 onramp, now the Peach Pass Express Lane, currently where the mature oak tree was rooted -- said one local resident. Big Chicken looms high and powerful in the distance.
Members of the Jewish community were unhappy with the first version of the cemetery plaque because it provided factual and legalistic information that Leo Frank was not officially absolved by the State of Georgia for his crime of sexually assaulting and strangling to death 13-years old Mary Anne Phagan (born June 1st, 1899) on April 26, 1913.
So Jewish members of the community at the city counsel pandered to a small but highly vocal segment of the Marietta citizenry to change the wording to only say he was issued a pardon, because most people think that if someone is pardoned, it means they are no longer guilty of the crime, when in fact the Georgia Board of Pardon's and Paroles, stated in writing their 1986 posthumous pardon of Leo Frank did not, in fact, officially absolve him of the homicide he was convicted for.
Residents of the city, want to remain anonymous, because powerful anti-Gentile and smear-mongering Jewish groups were prominent in pressuring the political leadership at the Capital to posthumously pardon Leo Frank, when the pardon itself was illegal, due to the fact he was not alive to receive it and a pardon requires that a person be alive to accept or deny it (see: Georgia Appeals Court Judge Randall Evan's statement presented in the gallery archive.)
The manipulative term "anti-Semitism" has become a despicable epithet intentionally used to create an unsuitable environment of high emotions, making it difficult to have productive dialogue between Jews and Gentiles.
Anonymous long-time natives of the city agree the watered-down sign change was done for deceitful and divisive purposes, without dialogue among diverse community members of different faiths, ethnicities, backgrounds, and races (including African Americans who know full well Frank tried to frame a Black guy and so they naturally do not appreciate the guileful change).
"It was just done in our opinion to dupe the public into believing Frank was innocent and signifies that the Jewish Community will do anything to accomplish their goal of erasing inconvenient facts of history!" said one unnamed platinum-aged resident, who feels that Jews and Gentiles have had warm relations in matters of business and intimacy (interfaith marriages are common) for as far as the eyes can see, going back in time. Of all the regions of the United States, Jewish assimilation was highest in the American South. The charge by the ADL and Jewish supremacists that Anti-Semitism was rampant in the early 20th-century is an ethnic and racist hoax.
This sentiment was the shared and prevailing feeling among residents when asked about the hot controversy in 2020. An anonymous resident who is in a happy interfaith marriage (officiated by Rabbi Lebow), spoke thusly "Sometimes the ardent zealots of the Jewish community have zero self-reflection when it comes to sensitive matters. What they call chutzpah, polite and considerate people would call insolence."
The Barnyard Tradition of Pushiness Over Leo Frank's Rehabilitation
This portentous event is a microcosm and one of the silent indignities that Gentile citizens of Cobb County have had to deal with relating to the national and local Jewish community, generally-speaking, forcing a concocted consensus down the throats of Georgians since 1913. Greater-Atlanta has also been the epicenter of this recurring ethnocentric bigotry and political bullying over the slaying of a teenage girl which is always overshadowed by the post-judicial hanging of the man who was proven beyond a reasonable doubt to be the perpetrator who actually snuffed out her young life in its early flowering.
Jewish activists just can't seem to let it go of this infamous pervert and many are wondering if this is a weird dysfunctional response to the high intermarriage rate between Jews and Gentiles, especially by Rabbi Steve Lebow who officiates numerous examples of these weddings.
Newspaper Article Reference:
Marietta Daily Journal, Opinion, Saturday, December 2, 1995.
Transcription is as follows:
Family of Mary Phagan protests marker change
Without a formal vote and with the press absent, Marietta City Council has changed the inscription on the city's historic marker at the grave of rape-murder victim Mary Phagan in the Marietta City Cemetery. The Phagan family is blaming Councilman Philip Goldstein.
The descendants of Miss Phagan are upset because the family was not notified before or after the change, and only learned of it on a cemetery-cleaning visit. The family says the newly-placed marker - which sits on a city-maintained path near the grave and is not to be confused with Miss Phagan's ornate tombstone, which makes no mention of the circumstances of her death - omits the reason for the 1986 posthumous pardon given Leo Frank.
Frank - Miss Phagan's boss - was convicted in 1913 by a Fulton Superior Court jury of the 13-year-old girl's murder in an Atlanta pencil factory and sentenced to hang. When Gov. John Slaton commuted Frank's sentence to life in 1915, a group of Marietta men abducted Frank from the state prison near Milledgeville and lynched him near what is now the Big Chicken on Frey's Gin Road in Marietta.
[Years later someone vandalized the elegant white marble flowerpot situated at the footer of the epitaph slab and stole the broken piece of it.]
The Phagan family initially opposed placing a marker at their ancestor's grave, fearing there would be increased damage to the cemetery plot and curiosity seekers would leave graffiti. That hasn't happened. Late Mayor Joe Mack Wilson told east Cobb resident and Cherokee County special education teacher Mary Phagan Keen, a great-niece of Mary Phagan, that the grave was the most sought by visitors to Marietta and should have a marker, along with several other notable graves in the cemetery.
[Newly Concealing the fact that Leo M. Frank was not officially exonerated]
Mayor Wilson told the Phagan family the city would let them approve the text of the marker. The family insisted the unusual conditions of Frank's 1986 pardon be explained. That was done. Now controversy has arisen because that portion of the marker has been changed.
The Georgia Pardons and Parole Board in 1983 turned down a request for a pardon based on Frank's alleged innocence. [Leo] Frank's former office boy, Alonzo Mann, told two Nashville Tennessean newsmen he saw black janitor Jim Conley holding a limp body in his arms the day of the murder. In its 1983 denial of a pardon for Frank, the board said after Mann's testimony it "did not find conclusive evidence proving beyond any doubt that Frank was innocent."
A new parole board then granted Frank a pardon in 1986 on the grounds the state did not protect him in prison, thereby allowing him to be lynched and thus ending any further court appeals. Frank's conviction was appealed unsuccessfully by his lawyers three times to the Georgia Supreme Court and twice to the U.S. Supreme Court.
The 1986 pardon said: "Without attempting to address the question of guilt or innocence, and in recognition of the state's failure to protect the person of Leo M. Frank and thereby preserve his opportunity for continued legal appeal of his conviction, and in recognition of the state's failure to bring his killers to justice, and as an effort to heal old wounds...the board hereby grants to Leo M. Frank a pardon." The family opposed the 1986 pardon, and now is irked at the council and [Philip] Goldstein.
[The Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles failed to mention the fact that Leo Frank had fully exhausted all of his trial appeals at the Georgia and Federal Supreme Court in April of 1915.]
"We are as much a victim as the family of Leo Frank," said Ms. Keen. For 80 years, we have been the object of the curiosity-seekers and subjected to unfair and untrue books and TV docudramas. The current council didn't show the same respect to us as did Mayor Wilson and a previous council." Ms. Keen's father, James Phagan, said the action was "extremely insensitive of the council" and "disingenuous of Councilman [Philip] Goldstein. How can you separate Mary Phagan and Leo Frank?" he asked. "Can you mention the Holocaust and not mention Hitler? It's simply pandering by Councilman [Philip] Goldstein to a segment of the community. It's another effort to change history."
The inscription change was made by the Parks and Tourism Committee chaired by Councilman Dan Cox. Members are Councilwoman Betty Hunter and Goldstein. The full council OK'd the action. Cox admitted the committee had yielded to "political pressure" by [Philip] Goldstein and the Jewish community. Calling the change "a no-win situation," Cox said he reluctantly consented to the change "because it offended a part of the community."
[August 17, 1995. Leo Frank's Lynching Site, 1200 Roswell Road, Marietta, Cobb County, Georgia]
On the 80th anniversary of Frank's lynching on Aug. 17, [1995] a group of Jewish leaders led by Rabbi Steven Lebow of Temple Kol Emeth in East Cobb said the historic marker at Mary Phagan's grave should be removed. The group placed a small plaque in the side of the VPI Corp. building owned by Roy Varner at 1200 Roswell St., near the site of Frank's lynching. The plaque reads: "Wrongly Accused, Falsely Convicted and Wantonly Murdered." Attending the ceremony were Marietta Councilmen Goldstein and James Dodd, who told Jewish leaders they would look into removing the line of the marker that refers to the pardon conditions.
"This is a plaque that marks the grave of Mary Phagan," said [Philip] Goldstein. "The last two lines deal with information on Leo Frank, and it's not his grave." Goldstein was quoted in the Jewish Times as saying: "The wording is factually correct. The mention of Frank [not getting officially exonerated] on Phagan's marker should be deleted because it is irrelevant, not because it upsets the Jewish community."
It was Dodd who brought the matter before council, supported by [Philip] Goldstein. "This is a lose-lose situation for me," [Philip] Goldstein said. The marker referring to the condition of Frank's pardon has been removed and replaced with a marker the Phagan family had objected to.
-end of transcription.
The backstory is in the printing presses of the era, this is obligatory reading!
Atlanta Constitution 1913: archive.org/details/leo-frank-atlanta-constitution-newspa...
Atlanta Constitution 1914: archive.org/details/leo-frank-atlanta-constitution-newspa...
Atlanta Constitution 1915: archive.org/details/leo-frank-atlanta-constitution-newspa...
Atlanta Constitution 1916, 1919, 1922: archive.org/details/leo-frank-atlanta-constitution-newspa...
Atlanta Georgian, 1913: archive.org/details/leo-frank-atlanta-georgian-newspapers...
Atlanta Journal, 1913: archive.org/details/leo-frank-atlanta-journal-newspapers
Direct Resources
The Phagan Family Seeking Justice For Little Mary Phagan www.littlemaryphagan.com (impressive library).
Rare footage of Congressman Tom Watson in the early 20th-century, circa 1920 archive.org/details/selznick-newsreel-about-thomas-e-wats...
The Atlanta suburb of Marietta Georgia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia
City counselor Philip Goldstein's website: philipgoldstein.com
Temple Kol Emeth, a lovely, well-appointed, and modern Synagogue (Rabbi Steven Lebow retired June/July 2020): www.kolemeth.net
-end of description-
Chinese postcard. Jeanne Moreau in Jules et Jim/Jules and Jim (François Truffaut, 1962).
Legendary film star Jeanne Moreau (1928-2017) was the personification of French womanhood and sensuality. She had a diverse career as a magnificent stage and film actress, a producer, screenwriter, and film director, a successful singer with a substantial recording career, and a theatre and opera director. She combined off-kilter beauty with strong character in Nouveau Vague (New Wave) classics as Ascenseur pour l'échafaud (1958) and Les Amants (1959). Her role as the flamboyant, free-spirited Catherine with her devil-may-care sensuality, in Jules et Jim (1962) is one of the greatest performances in the history of the cinema. Throughout her long career with more than 130 films, Moreau continued to work with some of the most notable film directors.
Jeanne Moreau was born in 1928, in Paris, France. Her father, Anatole-Désiré Moreau, owned a restaurant in Montmartre. Her mother, Katherine Buckley, was an English dancer who had come to the Folies Bergère with the Tiller Girls. Jeanne grew up living part of the time in Paris, and part of the time in Mazirat, her father's native village. During the Second World War, Katherine and Jeanne were forced to stay in Paris; classified as alien enemies. She attended the Lycee Edgar Quinet in Paris and began to discover her love of literature and the theatre. When her parents divorced in the late 1940s and her mother returned to England, Jeanne remained with her father in Montmartre. Opposing her father's wishes, she decided to become an actress. She trained for the stage at the Paris Conservatoire and made her theatrical debut in 1947 at the Avignon Festival. In 1948, when she was only 20 years old, she became the youngest full-time member of the Comédie-Française, France's most prestigious theatrical company. Her first play was Ivan Turgenev's A Month in the Country, directed by Jean Meyer. She soon was one of the leading actresses of the troupe and was recognised as the prime stage actress of her generation. She left in 1951, finding the Comédie-Française too restrictive and authoritarian, and joined the more experimental Théâtre Nationale Populaire. Moreau also began playing small roles in films like Dernier amour/Last Love (Jean Stelli, 1949). During the 1950s, she appeared in several mainstream films like the superb thriller Touchez pas au grisbi/Grisbi (Jacques Becker, 1953) with Jean Gabin and the colourful historical drama La reine Margot/Queen Margot (Jean Dréville, 1954).
Jeanne Moreau was almost 30 before her film career took off thanks to her work with first-time director Louis Malle. His murder mystery Ascenseur pour l'échafaud seemed to be in the same thriller genre as her earlier films, but after seeing the first week of dailies for Ascenseur the technicians at the film lab went to the producer and said: “You must not let Malle destroy Jeanne Moreau”. Louis Malle later explained: “She was lit only by the windows of the Champs Elysées. That had never been done. Cameramen would have forced her to wear a lot of make-up and they would put a lot of light on her, because, supposedly, her face was not photogenic”. This lack of artifice revealed Moreau's ‘essential qualities’: "She could be almost ugly and then, ten seconds later, she would turn her face and would be incredibly attractive. But she would be herself.” Ascenseur pour l'échafaud/Elevator to the Gallows (Louis Malle, 1958) was immediately followed by the controversial Les amants/The Lovers (Louis Malle, 1958). Moreau starred as a provincial wife who abandoned her family to marry a man she had just met. Her earthy, intelligent and subtle portrayal of the adulteress caused a scandal in France. The erotic scenes caused censorship problems all over the world. The American gossip columnists tagged her as 'The New Bardot' and Moreau instantly became an international sex symbol. Malle and his star separated privately, but professionally they would make several more films together, including the excellent Le feu follet/The Fire Within (1963).
Jeanne Moreau went on to work with many of the best-known Nouvelle Vague (New Wave) and avant-garde directors. Her most enduring role is the flamboyant and magnetic Catherine in Truffaut's explosive Jules et Jim/Jules and Jim (François Truffaut, 1962). She co-produced Jules et Jim herself and also co-produced La baie des anges/Bay of Angels (Jacques Demy, 1963) and Peau de banane/Banana Peel (Marcel Ophüls, 1963). Her teaming with Brigitte Bardot in Viva Maria! (Louis Malle, 1965) was one of the major media events of 1965. Thanks to the on-screen chemistry between the two top French female stars of the period, the film became an international hit. Five years after Jules et Jim, she worked again with François Truffaut, starring as an icy murderess in the popular Alfred Hitchcock homage La mariée était en noir/The Bride Wore Black (1967). She also worked with such notable directors as Michelangelo Antonioni at La notte/The Night (1961), and Beyond the Clouds (1995), Orson Welles (Le procès/The Trial, 1962; Campanadas a medianoche/Chimes at Midnight, 1965; L’histoire immortelle/The Immortal Story, 1968; and the unfinished The Deep, 1970), Joseph Losey (Eva, 1962; Mr. Klein, 1976), Luis Buñuel (Le journal d'une femme de chambre/Diary of a Chambermaid, 1964), Elia Kazan (The Last Tycoon, 1976), Rainer Werner Fassbinder (Querelle, 1982), and Wim Wenders (Bis ans Ende der Welt/Until the End of the World, 1991). Her stage hits include Anna Bonacci's 'L'heure éblouissante' (The Dazzling Hour, 1953), Jean Cocteau's 'La machine infernale' (1954, as the Sphinx), George Bernard Shaw's 'Pygmalion' (1955, as Eliza Doolittle), Tennessee Williams' 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' (1956, as Maggie), Frank Wedekind's 'Lulu' (Loulou, 1976, title role), and Tennessee Williams' 'The Night of the Iguana (1985, as Hannah Jelkes). She won the Best Actress Molière Award (the French equivalent of the Tony Award) in 1988 for her acclaimed performance in Hermann Broch's 'Le récit de la servante Zerline', a huge theatrical success which toured 11 countries. Moreau also enjoyed success as a vocalist. She released several albums and once performed with Frank Sinatra at Carnegie Hall. Her name has been often associated, both socially and professionally, with that of writer-director Marguerite Duras. Apart from their close friendship, Moreau starred in two films based on Duras' novels, Moderato cantabile/Seven Days ... Seven Nights (Peter Brooks, 1960) and The Sailor from Gibraltar (Tony Richardson, 1970). Duras herself directed Moreau in Nathalie Granger (1972), and she was the narrator in another Duras screen adaptation, L'amant/The Lover (Jean-Jacques Annaud, 1992). She even went on to portray Duras in the biopic Cet amour-là/This Love (Josée Dayan, 2001). Other major literary figures among her close friends were Jean Cocteau, Jean Genet, Henry Miller, and Anaïs Nin. Jeanne Moreau was the president of Equinoxe, an organisation which supports new European scriptwriters.
As her leading lady days began to wane, Jeanne Moreau made a graceful transition to character parts. She used her standing in the French industry to foster the careers of young directors such as Bertrand Blier, in whose 1974 feature Les Valseuses/Going Places, she gave a cryptic but memorable performance, and Andre Techiné. In 1975 she made her debut as a director with Lumière/Light (1975), the story of several generations of actresses. She also wrote the script and played Sarah, an actress the same age as Moreau. She also helmed L'Adolescente/The Adolescent (1978), a semi-autobiographical tale of a girl sent to live with her grandmother in 1939, and Lillian Gish (1984), an homage to the silent screen heroine. She was the only actress who has presided twice over the jury of the Cannes Film Festival (in 1975 and 1995) and she was president of the jury at the Berlin Film Festival in 1983. She has won several honours, including two BAFTA Awards, three Cesars (the French Oscar), a Golden Lion for career achievement at the 1991 Venice Film Festival and a 1997 European Film Academy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 1998 the American Academy of Motion Pictures presented her a life tribute. She also was made a Fellow of the British Film Institute in recognition of her outstanding contribution to film culture. In 1995, she was chosen by Empire magazine as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in film history (#76). In 2000 she made her debut as a stage director with a Geneva and Paris production of Margaret Edson's Wit. The following year she was the first woman to enter the Academie des Beaux-Arts of Paris. In 2001 she also made her debut as an opera director with an Opera National de Paris production of Giuseppe Verdi's Attila. Among her last films are Le temps qui reste/Time to Leave (François Ozon, 2005), Disengagement (Amos Gitai, 2007) and Visage/Face (Ming-liang Tsai, 2009). Jeanne Moreau was romantically involved with Louis Malle, Francois Truffaut, Lee Marvin, and fashion designer Pierre Cardin. Vanessa Redgrave named Moreau as co-respondent in her 1967 divorce from director Tony Richardson on grounds of adultery. Richardson and Moreau would never marry. Jeanne Moreau married - and divorced - three times: to actor-director Jean-Louis Richard (1949-1951), Greek actor Teodoro Rubanis (1966-1967), and Exorcist director William Friedkin (1977-1980). She had a son with Richard, Jérôme Richard (1950) who is a successful painter.
Sources: Rebecca Flint Marx (AllMovie), Dale O'Connor (IMDb), Filmreference.com, Wikipedia, and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
Loose in page 118-119 with a crop mounted on p118. in Red Album
We were on our way to the Nullarbor to check out the extension to N37. Paused here for a milkshake and fuel and supplies, while Dick climbed the road direction sign pointing back to Adelaide and forward to Perth! See below...
As we were slowly driving off, Dick may have been having a drive on his L plates, I fired off this shot. Always loved it.. This is an enlargement I have had for years, maybe I will scan the neg. one day! This one has a dimpled surface and a hair burnt in it!
WARNING: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander viewers are warned that the content on this page may contain images and references to deceased persons.
(Many of my shots now have deceased or no longer living people)
See an excellent TED Talk here on Deep Listening..
Just wandering through the Red Album and numbering the pages. P118 loose, and copied this for the record..
see also www.environment.gov.au/indigenous/ipa/declared/birrilibur...
Sent from Bill's iPad.
See the Warlpiri welcome wellmob App.
wellmob.org.au/key-resources/resources/38769/?title=Kurdi...
An app about the Warlpiri culture. It helps support wellbeing and prevent suicide by having strong connections to culture.
Who's it for?
Young people and anyone wanting to connect with Warlpiri knowledge and culture.
Where's it from?
Warlpiri Elders in the Northern
Download Kurdiji 1.0 HERE Wantarri Jampijinpa Pawa-Kurlpurlunu (Steve Patrick) is very pleased to launch the Warlpiri Aboriginal resilience building app, Kurdiji 1.0 today. You will see many references throughout the app to Milpirri Festival, a collaboration between Tracks Dance and Wantarri, and the precursor to this initiative. This app is TOTALLY FREE for anyone …
Volunteer at Indigenous communities volunteers for www.icv.com.au/how-you-can-help/volunteer/
See also research using DNA confirming the arrival of Australian Aboriginals here up to 75,000 years ago...
www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2011/09/dna-confirms...
A story by Ian Warden...
www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6827172/i-vividly-remember...
See the National Archives site NAA link..
See our first Indigenous Rhodes Scholar
www.adelaide.edu.au/seek-light/stories/rebecca-richards.html
See some thoughts here.. From www.flickr.com/photos/man_is_like_unto_a_tree/
PRETENSE A GLOBAL STOCK EXCHANGE...
-
This land sang a different song
Before invaders hands stole it away
Original custodians
Classified demonised savages
Championed genocide beyond all bets
Continuous generations
Standing at their posts
Protecting, nurturing the sacred Land
Is not publicly known
Guessing at by the stealers
Still today pretending they actually know
AND CARE
-
Never once asking the keepers
Never once lowering their noses
Listening from grassroots wisdom's, truths
Handed down orally and dressed in story, parable
Ancient living Stone Age spirits still standing
Alongside peoples who had ward continuously
Attained to most advanced civilization status
Unique opportunities
Offering windows of hope through time
Potential to have taken the highest from both
Inhabitant and invader hands
Could have taken another path
Forging marriages
Gestalt past all violence
Exchanged oppression for unity
Banner of equality could have been raised
Instead positive possibilities thrust into chains
Vigilantly styled invaders revenge
Imprisoned for breaking unknown laws
Colonisers still unaware, unconcerned
Of ancient laws needed to survive in this sacred land
-
Lovingly still awaiting souls to care
Patient ones to arise from below hatred hearts
Pulling asunder veils anger drenched
Smashing belief they had imagined
To survive this hell hole of a land
-
They fight a war still being played out today
Disguised now as corporations
Dressed in camouflage
Still the colonisers just going by another name
Social issues appeared to improve
Smoking mirrors, media spin Doctoring
Only dressed in sweeter words
With highly promoted vain imaginings
Selling belief’s if you play along
You two just might win
-
You two can reap from the plunder masked
Within shareholders gowns and dinner hats
Dripping in blood of generational poverty
Sipping from crystal goblets raped from sacred sites
Wine sipped from bulldozed ancient forest earths
Watered from vanishing non-renewable aquifers
University graduates paid an average
Man’s year’s wages for one survey
Informing all non-university graduates
Those extinct plus the next in line
Lists thousands close to the edge
Habitat depletion
Destruction of their homes, food supplies
Abundantly clear if you just take a look around
Oppression dressed as knowledge
Justification they are, have, do all they can
Furthered veiled within deeper blame
Cloaked in “It was your vote that caused it anyway.”
Flocks of women dumping their charges into arms of the state
While bemoaning their harrowing plights
Far too busy still fighting a disguised family nuclear war
Unable to stop
Take focus, see the fantasies they swallow daily
Choking entire globe
Words saying one thing
Actions juxtaposed
Pretense a global stock exchange.
Here some modern Aboriginal singers, 'The Stiff Gins", here..
See the story of a long lost painting of an Aboriginal POW in WWI www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-31/discovered-print-of-lost-p...
Deadly Connections is an Aboriginal Community-Led, Not For Profit Organisation that breaks the cycles of disadvantage and trauma to directly address the over-representation of Aboriginal people in the child protection and justice system/s.
Our community centred, culturally responsive, holistic programs develop stronger, safer, communities, creating deadly connections and more positive futures, for our communities, families, individuals and kids.
Founded by Keenan Mundine and Carly Stanley, both proud First Nations People with lived and professional experience, Deadly Connections is built on their own personal and professional experiences as Aboriginal people and community members.
Our goal is specialist community-led solutions to reducing the overrepresentation of First Nation people in child protection and the justice system, through culturally responsive, community centred programs. Read more about us
Everything you need to know about me is all here below so buckle up and take a gander!
Name: Natashia or Natty or N or Queen N & I'm a ♀
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The name is above so re-check yourself before you wreck yourself! I'm a female, duh. Curious into guys & girls, enjoy meeting new people if they actually care though. I love listening to music, I don't have any in particular because I love alot of shit. Same goes with movies such as Horror & Action are my top 2 third would be sci-fi fantasy. Below is just a bunch of random shit put out
there.♥
、
（ﾟ､ ｡ ７
l、 ~ヽ
じしf_,)ノ Tony!! (my cat =^_^=)
CONTACT information;;
every1needsaHEROE@hotmail.com
If you send me a message to my email please tell me your YouTube username or how I know you so I know whom I am speaking to please!
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❒ Shooting people mistaking them for zombies.
❒ Giggling so much I shat myself.
☑ Wanting to fuck Jude Law,wanting to stare all day at Bradley Cooper.
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♥ some fave quotes;;
"Sick is the new Sane". - Jill Roberts, SCRE4M
"How am I not myself?" - Brad Stand, I Heart Huckabees
"Whatever doesn't kill you, simply makes you...stranger." - The Joker, The Dark Knight
☞ "No. I'm a pretty bare bones honest girl. No time for bullshit." - Ali Larter ♥
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♥ Daily things ;)
Margaritas , ipod , bath & body works , victoria's secret , ice cream , lemonade , swimming , cell phone , cupcakes , shopping , rainy days , sunny days , window open
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♥ Celebs (no order)
Timothy Olyphant , Cillian Murphy , Karl Urban , Desmond Harrington , Jude Law, Mark Wahlburg,Topher Grace,Jensen Ackles, Misha Collins, Wentworth Miller, Michael C. Hall, Nestor Carbonell , Wentworth Miller , Johnny Depp , Crispin Glover , Alexander Skarsgard , John Cusack , Ali Larter , Bryce Dallas Howard , Blake Lively , Leighton Meester , Hayden Panettiere , Jodi Lyn O'Keefe , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Rebecca Gayheart , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Kristen Bell , Zooey Deschanel , Rose Byrne , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal , Jake Gyllenhaal , Leonardo DiCaprio , Matt Damon , Emma Stone & several more!
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♥ Films (no order)
Harry Potter , SAW , Scream , Final Destination , Resident Evil , Pirates of the Caribbean , The Bourne Series , Die Hard , The Grudge , Ju-On , Whispering Corridors , Spider-Man , Batman Begins/The Dark Knight & The Dark Knight Rises , X-Men , Oceans 11-13 , Transformers , One Missed Call (original & remake) , Blade , The Ring , Ringu , A Nightmare on Elm Street (original only) , Halloween (original & remake) , Jeepers Creepers , The Transporter , Crank , Quarantine , Austin Powers , Hostel , Child's Play , Hannibal Lector (only Anthony Hopkins) , Urban Legends , Underworld , The Hitcher , The Shining , 1408 , 28 Days Later , Forget Me Not , The Midnight Meat Train , Predators (remake) , House on Haunted Hill (original & remakes) , Thir13en Ghosts , Pulse , Ghost Ship , Black Swan , Shutter , The Stepfather , Disturbia , And Soon the Darkness , Daybreakers , Secret Window , Drag Me to Hell ,Signs , The Sixth Sense , The Village , Silent Hill , Insidious , The Unborn , Obsessed , Fright Night , Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid , Carrie , Dead Silence , Restraint, Shawn of the Dead , Dawn of the Dead , I Know What you did last summer , Scary Movie , Case 39 , Jennifer's Body , Mr.Brooks , Willard , American Psycho , Red Eye , Prom Night , Rest stop , Joy Ride , Se7en , Sleepy Hallow , Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street , The Birds , The Haunting , The Haunting in Connecticut , The Messenger's , The Omen ,Panic Room , The Other's , The Ruins , They , Darkness , Darkness Falls , Trick R'Treat , Vacancy , Wrong Turn , Zodiac , A Perfect Getaway , The Crazies (remake) , The Uninvited , A Tale of Two Sisters , Blood Creek , RED , Drive Angry , Armored , I Am Number Four , Star Trek , The Incredible's , Despicable Me , A Bug's Life , Remember the Titans , The Ice Princess , I Love you Beth Cooper , Jerry Maguire , Caddyshack , Happy Gilmore , Big Daddy , Grown Ups , Click , Mr. Deeds , Sense and Sensibility ,50 First Dates , Breakfast at Tiffany's , Meet Bill , Thank you for Smoking , Our Idiot Brother , Friends with Benefits , It's Kind of A Funny Story , My Bloody Valentine , Valentine , Alice in Wonderland, Inception, He's just not that into you, Sherlock Holmes 1 & 2 A Game of Shadows, Repo Men, & several more!
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♥ Television shows ( the first 3 are my top loves!)
Lost , Prison Break , Heroes , Weeds , The Walking Dead , Damages , Rescue Me , Monk , Six Feet Under , Death Note , Invader Zim , Fullmetal Alchemist , New Girl , Gossip Girl , Ringer , Smallville , Nip/Tuck , That 70's Show , SoNoTORIous , The Office , Supernatural , 30 Rock, The Playboy Club , Charmed , Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Sex and the City , Dexter , True Blood , & The Vampire Diaries
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♥ Music
A*Teens, AC/DC , Adele , Alanis Morissette , Auburn , Avril Lavigne , B.o.B , Black Eyed Peas , Breaking Benjamin , Britney Spears , The Cardigans , Christina Aguilera , Cobra Starship , Coldplay , Default , Demi Lovato , Depeche Mode , Dido , Dream , Duffy , Eminem , Fall Out Boy , Fergie , Filter , Flyleaf , The Fray , Green Day , Gwen Stefani , Hayden Panettiere , Hilary Duff , Hollywood Undead , Hoobastank , Hootie & The Blowfish , Inna , Interpol , Jem , Jessie J , Jewel , Justin Timberlake , Kanye West , Katy Perry , Ke$ha , Kelly Clarkson , Kevin Rudolf , The Killers , Lady GaGa , Linkin Park , Madonna , Marilyn Manson , Maroon 5 , Massive Attack , Matchbox Twenty , Men at Work , Mindless Self Indulgence , Moby , Mudvayne , Nelly Furtado , Nicki Minaj , Nickleback , Nicole Scherzinger , Nine Inch Nails , No Doubt , OneRepublic , Operater Please , P!nk , A Perfect Circle , Placebo , Rihanna , Rob Thomas , Seether , Selena Gomez , Shinedown , Sick Puppies , Sky Ferreira , The Sounds , Three Days Grace , 30 Seconds to Mars & a crap load more.
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♥ Books
Harry Potter , Twilight , 1408 , Shutter Island , What the Night knows , My Sister's Keeper , Gossip Girl: Psycho Killer , The Bourne series , Batman: Arkham Asylum , Spider-Man Comics, The Woman in Black, The Dark Knight, 127 Hours, Water for Elephant's , The Help, False Memory, Is everyone hanging out without me?
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♥ Magazines
Vogue , Instyle , Cosmo , Elle , People , Entertainment , Seventeen , Nylon , Glamour , Allure , Vanity Fair , Lucky + more, just about anything really.
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★ ★ The OMG I didn't know section;; ★ ★
(this section is dedicated to me & my fave celeb's. Things I checked out on imdb.com that I didn't know about my faves! Take a look!)
+ BONUS
♥ Hayden Panettiere ~ Heroes
(what me & that sexy bitch have in common is; I died my hair like hers. We both have green eyes, shes only 1 year older than me,we are the same height,both born in New York, we both enjoy singing & swimming)
♥ Ali Larter ~ Final Destination
♥ Jude Law ~ Sherlock Holmes
(what we have in common omg xD lol we are both born in the month of December YAY *squeals*, he has a OLDER SISTER NAMED NATASHA!!!! that's MY NAME but i have an I between H & A. OMFG I feel so .... MMMm xD lol lets see we both have GREEN EYES and that's about it >.> lol)
♥ Kristen Bell ~ Gossip Girl
(we both have a lazy right eye)
♥ Rachel McAdams ~ The Notebook
(we both worked at McDonald's,our faveorite actresses are, Kate Winslet & Renee Zellweger)
♥ Jensen Ackles ~ Supernatural
♥ Cillian Murphy ~ Batman & Red Eye
(his son was born just 2 days before my birthday)
♥ Liev Schreiber ~ X-Men Origins: Wolverine
♥ Misha Collins ~ Supernatural
♥ Nestor Carbonell ~ Lost
(his birthday is just 5 days before mine, both from New York)
♥ Sarah Michelle Gellar ~ Buffy & Ringer
(we are both from New York, both an only child, we are both natural brunette's though I died my hair out to be like Hayden Panettiere's and plan on keeping it that way since I look better blond,our favorite actors consist of, Tom Cruise,Angelina Jolie,Nicole Kidman & Sandra Bullock, our favorit colors we share in common is red & pink)
♥ Jennifer Carpenter ~ Dexter
(her birthday is one day after mine!)
& so many more!
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My first account on YouTube was in 2007 the account was
» TomFeltonsgirlNLW
but it got suspended due to video copyright issues. I had over 200 videos and over 5,000 friends. I lost it all, then I made another account in 2008 that account was
» DoctorJonathanCrane
also suspended for the same reason.
Below here is a list of ALL my channels that I know from what I written down up to date.
» NatashiaCranexXx
» MaggieGyllenhaalFAN
» SAWHoffmanFanGirl7
» 13andForeman
» xXxGretchenTbagxXx
» xXxJackFerrimanxXx
» ObsessedTempGirlLisa
» JeanGreyXMen1
» SecretaryLeeHolloway
» EddieBrockJrTopherG
» JacksonJackRippner
» MikeEnslin1408
» GambitRemyLeBeauFAN
» VictorCreedZusBiels
» MalfoyDracoSlytherin
» AlecBaldwinOfficial
» RealChadFeldheimer
» DanielMatthewsSAW
» NYgirl4HollywoodLA
» ClaireBluvNikki
» NYactress4Hollywood
» OfficialMrsLovett
» OfficialMarkHoffman
» OfficialJimmyEagan
» FreddyKruegersELMst
» HansGruberOfficial
» MeganFoxRPgirl
» LavenderBrownOffcial
» SlaterFromRE
» RealOsbornCox
» OfficialHarryPfarrer
» BrideofChuckyTiffany
» gettingIN2Hollywood7
» OfficialDonnaKeppel
» MagicofHeathLedgerRP
» AdoringNatashia4life
» TheXHorrorPrincess13
» iloveDesmond4life
» LuvingSAWmovies4life
» DebraMorganJenniferC
» DexterMorganCHall
and I'm sure probably a few more that I missed out on.
☞ © TomFeltonsgirlNLW to E1NAH || 2OO7-2O12.
With grateful acknowledgement to the Roll of Honour site, which provided the starting point for the information below. All information sourced from there is shown as (RoH)
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/CastleAcre.html
Ernest James Archer……………………………….......................................(RoH)
Private 32609. 7th Battalion East Surrey Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 20th November 1917. Aged 35. Born North Pickenham, Norfolk. Enlisted London. Son of James Tertius Archer and Sarah Ann Archer, of Castle Acre, Swaffham, Norfolk; husband of Ethel Elizabeth Archer, of "Olives, Shrewsbury Rd., Red Hill, Surrey. Commemorated: Cambrai Memorial, Louverval, Nord, France. Panel 6.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1750838
No match on Norlink
There is no apparent match for an Ernest Archer of the right age or with a Norfolk connection on the Genes Re-united transcription of the 1901 Census for England and Wales. There is however a James and Sarah Ann Archer recorded at Bailey Street, Castle Acre. James is aged 45 and a Prudential Assurance Agent from Great Cressingham, while Sarah Ann is aged 47 and is from Saham Toney. The children recorded as living with them are Edgar Robert, (aged 14 and a Telegraph Messenger for the Post Office, born Ashill), Edwin George, (aged 10 and born Castle Acre), and Eleanor Hannah, (aged 4 and born Castle Acre).
On the high level search of the 1911 census, there is an Ernest of the right age born “ L Pickering” and now recorded in the Strand registration district.
The battalion took part in the battle of Cambrai, advancing from Gonnelieu through La Vacquerie on the 20th November. They were driven back on the 30th by the German counter-attack
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=116... 1917 surreys&fromsearch=1entry1111687
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)
Henry James Askew DCM………………………………...................(RoH)
Serjeant 38229. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th April 1918. Aged 36. Born Weasenham, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Son of the late John and Emily Askew; husband of Mary Ann Askew, of 75, Pales Green, Castle Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk. Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal. Commemorated: Tyne Cot Memorial, Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 34 to 35 and 162A.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=846448
No match on Norlink
Henry James is recorded on the 1901 Census as James. He is aged 19, born Weasenham and employed as an Agricultural Labourer. His address is just recorded as Weasenham. This is the household of his parents, John, (aged 47 and an Agricultural Labourer from East Dereham), and Frances, (aged 44 and from Weasenham). Their other cildren are:-
Anthony………………………aged 13.……………….born Weasenham
Charles……………………………aged 2 …………………born Weasenham
Herbert…………………………..aged 7.………………..born Weasenham
William…………………………..aged 10.……………….born weasenham
The 9th were moved to the Ypres salient on April 1st 1918 and moved to Dranoute on the 14th.
" Next day D and A companies were in front line, C in support and B in reserve. Arrangements had been made for C to counter attack if necessary but it's losses owing to the continuous heavy bombardment commencing at noon on the 15th necessitated B taking it's place as the counter attack force. At 2.30pm on the 15th the enemy advanced and by 3pm had gained a foothold in the front trenches. From these he was once again driven out by B company. Although B held the line and formed a defensive flank they were eventually themselves driven out due to their exposed position.
Line was then formed along the railway with the Ist Leicesters on their left at Clapham Junction. At 10.30pm they were moved back behind Mt Kemmel before being pulled out of line on the 18th.
This was after the 9th had been badly cut up a month before holding the masive German onslaught of the 21st March. Here they had fought a strong rearguard action before being moved out of line to for a refit in Sixte near Proven on the 26th.
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t...
Bernard Beck MC……………………………….........................................(RoH)
3rd Battalion The King's (Liverpool Regiment). Killed in action on 18th August 1916. Awarded the Military Cross. Buried: Flatiron Copse Cemetery, Mametz, Somme, France. Ref. I. B. 28.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=556258
No match on Norlink
Bernard is on the church memorial and not the village memorial, therefore at this time I must assume the information about the MC is correct, and therefore the correct individual has been identified.
There are 5 Bernard Beck’s on the 1901 Census, none with any obvious connections to East Anglia, let alone Castle Acre. Intriguingly, two are pupils at Boarding schools, so impossible to see if there are family ties to this area. Four of the five are on the 1911 census, still all well away from Norfolk. There is a Bernard Beck born circa 1909 at Tunstead, Norfolk, but this can hardly be the someone who died as a combatant in WW1.
There is also a Bernard Beck on the Weasenham Roll of Honour who is believed to be the Liverpool Regiment man.
www.breckland-rollofhonour.org.uk/weasenham.html
However, the link is finally made clear by the Kings Lynn Roll of Honour page.
Lieutenant (Temporary Captain). 3rd attached 4th Liverpool Regiment. Awarded the Military Cross, London Gazette, 25/8/1916: 'For conspicuous gallantry during operations. Under heavy fire he established and maintained for six hours communications between the front line and the H.Q.'s of an infantry brigade.' Killed in action France 18/8/1916. Flat Iron Copse cemetery, Mametz, I.B. 28 Note: until 2000 his headstone did not show the award of the M.C., this has since been corrected.
Born Winton Lodge, Leyton Court Road, Streatham, 13/6/1890, son of Harry, a wine merchant, and Julia Beck. He was well known for his interests in farming and held High House Farm, Weasenham. Married Enid Brown, of King's Lynn, and had one child. His wife subsequently remarried, to Mr. Neill, and emigrated to Australia on 26/9/1919.
Enlisted in the 8th Reserve Cavalry Regiment, 24/8/1914, this unit was affiliated to the 16th and 17th Lancers and he is noted as being 6462, Private, 16th Lancers.
Commissioned 15/10/1914. To the Western Front, June, 1915. He was acting second in command of his battalion when he was killed. Death notified by telegram 23/8/1916.
His service papers are at the National Archive (WO339/29583).
Also named on All Saints Church, South Lynn, Memorial Window
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/KingsLynn.html
John Blowers………………………………...................................(RoH)
Private 3/10310. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th September 1916. Aged 40. Born Sporle, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Mrs. Maria Blowers; husband of Ethel Mary Blowers, of 40, Broad Meadow Common, Castle Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk. Commemorated: Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=766296
No match on Norlink
There isn’t a likely match on the 1901 Census and even on the 1911 Census, we have a “30 year old” John Blowers rather than the 34/35 year old we‘d expect. This John Blowers was born Sporle, and is now recorded in the Freebridge District, the District which covers Castle Acre.
Going back to the 1891 Census makes things a little clearer. The John Blowers from Sporle is aged 14, and resident at The Street, Sporle and employed as an Agricultural Labourer. This is the household of his parents, James, (aged 62 and an Agricultural Labourer from Sporle), and Maria, (aged 57 and from Scarning). Their other children are Jane, (aged 11), and Leonard, (aged 8), both from Sprole.
15th September 1916
On September 15th the 1st Leicesters and the 9th Norfolks attacked a German strongpoint called the Quadrilateral in the region of Flers. The attack was originally planned to include 3 tanks in support but two broke down before zero hour and the third was disabled at the start of the advance.
At zero hour the leading companies ("D" & "B") moved off at a steady pace, advancing in four lines at 30 paces interval, the supporting companies ("C" & "A") following in the same formation 300 yards in the rear, and the enemy at once opened a heavy machine gun fire.
The Battalion suffered heavily from the machine gun fire and was held up by the undamaged wire in the front of a German trench, leading from the North West corner of the Quadrilateral, the existence of which was not known. Despite having dug in overnight the Battalion was forced to withdraw the next day having lost 14 officers and 410 other ranks killed, wounded or missing.
www.whitwick.org.uk/history/regulars.htm
See John William Green below, who died in the same action.
Algier Buckenham……………………………….......................................(RoH)
Lance Corporal 21274. 8th Battalion Border Regiment. Formerly 19076 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 5th July 1916. Born North Pickenham, Norfolk. Lived Swaffham. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 6 A and 7 C.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=766146
No match on Norlink
The 10 year Algier, (born South Pickenham), is recorded on the 1901 Census at Place Farm Cottages, Great & Little Snarehill, near Thetford. This was the household of his parents, Frederick Buckenham, (aged 47 and an Agricultural Labourer from Great Cressingham) and Charlotte, (aged 47 and also from Great Cressingham). Their other children are:-
Ada………………aged 12.…………born Great Cressingham
Archer………….aged 8.……………born East Winch
Bessie………….aged 3.……………born East Winch
Frederick……..aged 27.…………born Great Cressingham..Single..Housekeeper on Farm
Harry…………..aged 21.…………born Great Cressingahm..Single..Agricultural Labourer
Jesse…………..aged 26.…………born Great Cressingham…Single..Cattleman on Farm
William John..aged 17.………..born Great Cressingham…Single..Agricultural Labourer
Making up the household is the Buckenham’s grandson, Thomas Buckenham, (aged 4, born East Winch). The 1911 census also refers to Algier being born at South Pickenham, and he is by now recorded on the District that covers Castle Acre. Also resident in the same district are Jesse, William John, Archer and Bessie.
I can find information on the Brigade of which Algier’s 8th Borders was a part being in action on the 3rd, but nothing major on the 5th - I can only assume this was part of holding the little that had been gained so far in the battle of the Somme.
North of Ovillers, the 32nd Div reinforced by 75 Bde of 25th Div attacked the Leipzig Redoubt near Authuille Wood. There was utter confusion over start times and the 32nd Div attack consisted of only two companies of the Highland Light Infantry. After two attempts no gains were made.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=9058
Hugh T Buxton………………………………...........................(RoH)
Probably: Private 43881. 14th Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 8th October 1918. Born and enlisted Norwich. Buried: Haringhe (Bandaghem) Military Cemetery, Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. III. A. 40.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=93599
No match on Norlink
The 1911 Census has a 13 year old Hugh, born Swafield and now resident in the Freebridge District which includes Castle Acre. Although I have limited access to this, the family seems to consist of:-
James……….aged 46/born circa 1865 at Sparham
Sarah………..aged 45/born circa 1866 at Elsing
Ernest……….aged 19/born circa 1892 at Sparham
Arthur……….aged 15/born circa 1896 at Sparham
Stanley……..aged 5/born circa 1906 at Castle Acre
Allen………….aged 3/born circa 1908 at Castle Acre
The Genes Re-united site also confirms that’s the CWGC individual from the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and shown as H T in their records, is in fact a Hugh T.
The 14th Division, of which this battalion was part, lists amongst its battle honours
Battle of Ypres. 28 Sep-2 Oct 1918
www.warpath.orbat.com/divs/14_div.htm
Sydney G Buxton………………………………...................................(RoH)
Probably: Sidney George Buxton. Private 21399. 2nd Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers. Formerly 18866 West Yorkshire Regiment. Died in the Mediterranean Theatre of war on 10th September 1916. Born Elsing, Norfolk. Enlisted York. Commemorated: Doiran Memorial, Greece.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1648984
No match on Norlink
Np obvious match on the 1901 Census, but the 1911 Census includes a George Buxton living at Castle Acre. He was born circa 1881 at East Barham. On the 1891 Census the 10 year old old George A, (born Walsingham, Fakenham),can be found at Waterhouse Cottage, Birmingham Terrace, Walsingham, This is the household of his parents, Alfred A. (aged 35 and a Horse Team Man) and Caroline, (age n\k from Saxingham).
September 10 1916 the Struma, which had served as a line of defence, was crossed by General Milne's troops both south and north of Lake Tachinos. Between the Lake and the Gulf of Orfano they occupied the " New Village " (Neokhori or Yeni Kioi). To the north they crossed at various points between Lake Butkovo and Lake Tachinos. Some small villages were occupied, and the Northumberland Fusiliers drove the Bulgarians out of Nevoljen, inflicting severe losses on the enemy The British troops subsequently withdrew as pre- arranged. Five days later the offensive was renewed. British forces seized the villages of Kato (or Lower) Ghoudheli, Jami Mah, Ago Mah and Komarian, and burnt them to the ground.
www.dublin-fusiliers.com/salonika/1916-birdcage.html
In a report in the London Gazette, it notes the Northumberlands, “lost heavily during their retirement and subsequent counter-attack, They also suffered severely from our artillery fire in attempting to follow our pre-arranged movements to regain the right bank of the river”
London Gazette Supplement for the 6th December 1916.
www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/29851/supplements/11932/p...
John Daws……………………………….............................................(RoH)
Probably: John Daws. Private 240035. 1st/5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died in Palestine on 19th April 1917. Born Shipdham, Norfolk. Enlisted Swaffham. Commemorated: Buried Jerusalem Memorial. Panels 12 to 15.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1644940
No match on Norlink
There is no obvious match on the 1901 Census, but the high-level search of the 1911 Census throws up a 20 years old John. Born Shipdham, and recorded in the District of Freebridge, (which covers Castle Acre).
There are 22 Daws, including John, recorded in this District with most being born either Great Massingham or Shipdham.
19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
To the right (west) of Tank Redoubt, the 3rd Camel Battalion, advancing in the gap between two redoubts, actually made the furthest advance of the battle, crossing the Gaza-Beersheba Road and occupying a pair of low hills (dubbed "Jack" and "Jill"). As the advances on their flanks faltered, the "Camels" were forced to retreat to avoid being isolated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
More than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
George Ellis……………………………….............................................(RoH)
RoH believes possibly : Private 9194. 7th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died in France & Flanders on 5th October 1915. Born Great Hockham, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Bethune Town Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. IV. E. 91.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=62798
but see Census details below
No match on Norlink
The 1901 Census has a 7 year old George, born Hockham, recorded at 12 Shropham Road, Hockham. This is the household of his parents, George, (aged 38 and a Carter on an estate timber yard, from Ashill), and Emily, (aged 37 and from Hockham). Their other children are:-
Charles………….aged 17.….born Hockham..Labourer on farm
Frederick……….aged 4.……born Hockham
Jane……………….aged 9.…..born Hockham
John W……………aged u/1...born Hockham
However, when I check for a location on the 1911 census, the Hockham born George is recorded in the district of Wayland, while the entry above it is for a George H Ellis, born circa 1895 at Coston, Norfolk, and now resident in the Freebridge District, which covers Castle Acre. There is no obvious match for George H. in the CWGC database - the five individuals concerned all have no additonal details or even age.
George H. is recorded on the 1901 census at Weston Street, Market Weston, Suffolk. This is the household of his parents, Edward, (age 28 and a Gardener Domestic from Necton), and Maria, (aged 28 and from Hardingham). They have four other children, Ellen, (aged 2, born Market Weston), Gordon, (aged 3, born Coston), John, (aged u/1, born Market Weston) and Reginald, (aged 5, born Coston)
John William Green………………………………...................................(RoH)
Private 19115. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th September 1916. Aged 27. Born Castle Acre. Enlisted Shoreham, Sussex. Son of Mrs. Rebecca Green, of I, Pales Green, Castle Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk. Commemorated: Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=787283
No match on Norlink
The 12 year old John, born Castle Acre), is recorded on the 1901 Census at Pales Green Cottages, Castle Acre. His occupation is listed as “with Bricklayer”. This is the household of his parents, William, (aged 58 and a Gardener Domestic from Stiffkey), and Rebecca, (aged 52 and a Sewing Domestic from West Lexham (?)). Also living with them is another son, Henry, (aged 17 and a General Farm Labourer from Castle Acre). John doesn’t readily appear to be on the 1911 Census.
15th September 1916
On September 15th the 1st Leicesters and the 9th Norfolks attacked a German strongpoint called the Quadrilateral in the region of Flers. The attack was originally planned to include 3 tanks in support but two broke down before zero hour and the third was disabled at the start of the advance.
At zero hour the leading companies ("D" & "B") moved off at a steady pace, advancing in four lines at 30 paces interval, the supporting companies ("C" & "A") following in the same formation 300 yards in the rear, and the enemy at once opened a heavy machine gun fire.
The Battalion suffered heavily from the machine gun fire and was held up by the undamaged wire in the front of a German trench, leading from the North West corner of the Quadrilateral, the existence of which was not known. Despite having dug in overnight the Battalion was forced to withdraw the next day having lost 14 officers and 410 other ranks killed, wounded or missing.
www.whitwick.org.uk/history/regulars.htm
See John Blowers above, who died in the same action
Lewis Green……………………………….............................................(RoH)
No further information available at present on RoH.
Possibly
Name: GREEN, LEWIS
Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Lincolnshire Regiment Unit Text: 1st Bn.
Date of Death: 16/06/1915 Service No: 16215
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 21. Memorial: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=907731
Or a 1st Battalion Norfolks Man, (down as L Green but Genes Reunited confirms he was a Lewis in their copy of the Index of War Deaths)
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=450340
No match on Norlink
There are no clear candidates on either the 1901 or 1911 census, although there are 4 with Norfolk connections out of over a potential 40+ matches
Robert William Green………………………………..........................(RoH)
Private 11760. 2nd Battalion King's Own Scottish Borderers. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 5th February 1915. Aged 19. Born and lived Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Fredrick George and Amelia Elizabeth Green, of Castle Stile, Castle Acre, Norfolk. Buried: R.E. Farm Cemetery, Heuvelland, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. II. B. 6.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=102464
No match on Norlink
The 6 year old Robert W, born Castle Acre, is recorded on the 1901 census at Newton Road, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, Frederick, (aged 28 and a Farm Labourer from Castle Acre), and Amelia, (aged 27 and from Swaffham). They lived next door to the family of William, (listed below)
William James Green…………………….........................(RoH)
Private 20502. 1st Battalion Essex Regiment. Formerly 16912 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in Gallipoli on 6th August 1915. Aged 21. Born and lived Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Arthur and Harriett Green, of Newton Rd., Castle Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk. Commemorated: Helles Memorial, Turkey. Panel 144 to 150 or 229 to 233.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=693846
No match on Norlink
The 6 year old William, born Castle Acre, is recorded on the 1901 Census at Newton Road, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, Arthur J, (aged 30 and a Farm Labourer from West Acre), and Harriet, (aged 28 and from Castle Acre). Their other children are Hanah, (aged 8) and Susannah, (aged 10), both born Castle Acre.
They lived next door to the family of Robert, (listed above).
6th August 1915
Sir Ian Hamilton’s Third Gallipoli dispatch
At Helles the attack of the 6th was directed against 1,200 yards of the Turkish front opposite our own right and right centre, and was to be carried out by the 88th Brigade of the 29th Division. Two small Turkish trenches enfilading the main advance had, if possible, to be captured simultaneously, an affair which was entrusted to the 42nd Division. After bombardment the infantry assaulted at 3.50 p.m. On the left large sections of the enemy's line were carried, but on our centre and right the Turks were encountered in masses, and the attack, pluckily and perseveringly as it was pressed, never had any real success. The 1st Battalion, Essex Regiment, in particular forced their way into the crowded enemy trench opposite them, despite the most determined resistance, but, once in, were subjected to the heaviest musketry fire from both flanks, as well as in reverse, and were shattered by showers of bombs.
www.1914-1918.net/hamiltons_gallipoli_despatch_3.html
Geoff’s Search Engine on the CWGC database returns details of 240 1st Essex men who died on this day.
Edgar Starr Grimes…………………….............................(RoH)
Lance Corporal A/201098. 8th Battalion King's Royal Rifle Corps. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 28th August 1917. Born Pentney, Norfolk. Lived Swaffham. Enlisted Holborn, Middlesex. Buried: Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery, Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen. Ref. XVIII. C. 17A.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=144351
During the First World War, the village of Lijssenthoek was situated on the main communication line between the Allied military bases in the rear and the Ypres battlefields. Close to the Front, but out of the extreme range of most German field artillery, it became a natural place to establish casualty clearing stations. The cemetery was first used by the French 15th Hopital D'Evacuation and in June 1915, it began to be used by casualty clearing stations of the Commonwealth forces.
www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=14900&...
No match on Norlink
The 18 year old Edgar, born Pentney and a Private in the Norfolk Militia, is recorded on the 1901 Census at River Yard, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, Ridchard, (aged 45 and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Heacham), and Emma, (aged 38 and from Pentney). Their other children are:-
Daisy……………….aged 13.………born Sporle
Thomas…………….aged 2.………..born Castle Acre
Vilo (Daughter)...aged 9.…………born Caste Acre
Walter Hamblin………………………………..........................(RoH)
Private 21337. 8th Battalion Border Regiment. Formerly 18660 Norfolk Regiment. Died in France & Flanders on 9th July 1916. Born Barnett (sic) Norfolk. Lived Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Le Cateau Military Cemetery, Nord, France. Ref. IV. A. 7.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=594896
No match on Norlink
There is no obvious match on the 1901 Census, and given the information from the RoH site, the only likely match is a Norman Hamblin, born Barney circa 1893 and now recorded in the District of Walsingham.
There is a Walter and a Norman Hamblin recorded on the Great Snoring memorial
www.the-snorings.co.uk/info/GSwarmems.html
The RoH site for Great Snoring advises that the Walter Hamblin who was in the Border Regiment died of wounds whilst a Prisoner of War.
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/GreatSnoring.html
Walter Harrison………………………………..........................(RoH)
Private 23155. 7th Battalion Border Regiment. Formerly 18661 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 16th September 1917. Lived Newton-by-Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Brown's Copse Cemetery, Roeux, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. IV. B. 61.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=567758
No match on Norlink
The 18 year old Walter, born Castle Acre and a Farm Labourer, is recorded on the 1901 census at St James Green, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, James, (aged 60 and a Farm Labourer from Castle Acre) and Elizabeth, (aged 59 and from Castle Acre). James and Elizabeth also have a grand-daughter living with them, Alice E Clarke, aged 7 and from Castle Acre.
I can’t find any evidende of the 17th Division, of which the 7th Battalion was a part, being engaged in the Battle of Passchendaele at this time, although they list the October battles as part of the Divisional battle honours
Alan William Heywood………………............................(RoH)
Private 31575. 20th Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 21st August 1916. Born Castle Acre. Enlisted Haslingden, Lancs. Husband of Sarah May Heywood of 64 Rumbold Street, Duphill, Rochdale. Commemorated: Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 3 C and 3 D.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=791571
No match on Norlink
The 17 year old Alan, (born Castle Acre and now employed as an Agricultural Labourer) is recorded on the 1901 Census at Abbey Farm House, Castle Acre. This is the household of his grand-father, Robert Addison, (aged 70 and a Clerk to the Parish Council and Caretaker at the Abbey. Robert has his 44 year old daughter, Bertha Addison living with him as Housekeeper and also employed as a Caretaker at the Abbey. There are a further two grandchildren living with Robert - Ella Addison, (aged 11) and Rosalie Addison, (aged 14) - both born Castle Acre. On the 1891 census there is a 7 year old A W Heywood recorded, who was born Castle Acre and was then living in the household of his grandfather, Robert Addison, aged 60 and described as Parish Clerk and Engine Driver at Post Office Street, Castle Acre. Bertha, Ella and Rosalie are all present, as is Robert’s wife Ruth who was then aged 60.
The Division of which the 20th Lancashire’s were part were certainly in action on this day, but I can’t find any clear reference to them being involve.
Herbert Howard…………………………............................(RoH)
Private 8/21354. 8th Battalion Border Regiment. Formerly 19078 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 28th May 1916. Aged 31. Born Barmesh (sic) Norfolk. Lived Swaffham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of the late William and Sarah Maria Howard. Born at Barmer, Fakenham, Norfolk. Buried: Ecoivres Military Cemetery, Mont-St. Eloi, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. II. E. 14.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=65458
No match on Norlink
1911 Census has a 25 year old Howard, born Barmer and now recorded in the District of Freebridge, which covers Castle Acre. There is no obvious match on the Genes Re-united transcription of the 1901 Census for England and Wales.
On the 1891 Census, the 5 year old Herbert, (born Barmer), is recorded at Hibbard Farm, Rudham Road, Helhoughton. This is the household of his parents, William, (age 36 and an Agricultural Labourer from Honingham) and Sarah, (aged 37 and from Dunham). Their other children are:-
William…………aged 11.………..born East Radham….Agricultural Labourer
George…………..aged 9.………..born East Bilney
Edith…………….aged 8.…………..born Barmer
Amy……………….aged 5.…………born Barmer
Frederic (?)…..aged 10 months……born Barmer
Update 4th May 2024…………
There are surviving service records for Herbert which I will need to check.
On the 1911 Census of England & Wales the 25 year old Herbert Howard, an unmarried Farm Labourer, born Barmer, Norfolk, was recorded living at St James Green, Castleacre. This was the household of his parents William, (aged 56, an Agricultural Traction Engine Driver, born East Rudham, Norfolk), and Sarah, (57, born East Bilney, Norfolk). The couple state they have been married 32 years and the union has produced 7 children, all then still alive. The only other child living with them is a 14 year old daughter, Alice, born Weasenham St. Peters, Norfolk.
From the Battalion War Diary.
“28th May 1916- Our front line & support line trenches were subjected to Artillery fire and mortars for the greater part of the day our casualties 1 man of A Coy wounded, 6 wounded & 2 killed in B Coy and 1 wounded in D coy.”
Lewis Hudson………………………………............................(RoH)
Private 5221. 5th Battalion Lincolnshire Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 14th October 1916. Born and lived Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Berles Position Military Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. B. 7.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=557731
No match on Norlink
The 11 year old Lewis, (born Castle Acre), can be found on the 1901 Census at Bailey Street, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, Herbert, (aged 40 and an Agricultural Labourer from Pentney), and Hannah, (aged 37 and from Mileham). Their other children are:
George………….aged 1.…born Castle Acre
Robert…………..aged 15.born Narborough…Agricultural Labourer
Ruth………………aged 5...born Castle Acre
Thomas…………aged 8...born Castle Acre (see below)
The battalion spent the rest of the summer and much of the autumn holding trenches in the Foncquevillers and Monchy areas. In October 1916, A Company carried out a successful night raid on the German trenches, having received special training beforehand.
www.investigations.4-lom.com/2007/01/17/berlin-by-christmas/
Thomas Hudson……………………………….......................(RoH)
Private 20870. 1st Battalion Essex Regiment. Formerly 17796 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 22nd November 1916. Born and lived Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Guards' Cemetery, Lesboeufs, Somme, France. Ref. VII. Q. 9.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=543082
No match on Norlink
See Lewis Hudson above for family details
William Walter Long……………….................................(RoH)
Private 2969. 1st/5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in Gallipoli on 6th September 1915. Aged 19. Enlisted East Dereham. Son of Frederick and Charlotte Long of Stocks Green, Castle Acre, King's Lyn, Norfolk. Commemorated: Helles Memorial, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=75194985
No match on Norlink
The 5 year old William, (born Castle Acre), can be found on the 1901 Census at Stocks Green Bake House, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, Frederick, (aged 46 and a Baker from Spooner Row), and Charlotte, (aged 44 and from Little Fransham). Their other children are:
Ellen……………aged 12.………….born Castle Acre
Henry………….aged 7.……………born Castle Acre
Maria…………..aged 14.…………born Castle Acre…Mother’s Help
Following heavy losses - first in combat and then from the effects of illness, by the start of September the 1/4th and 1/5th were fighting effectively as one unit. An officer of the 1/4th, writing a few days after Private Long’s death, noted,
9th. - More or less quiet. We lose a few men every day, principally from a gun on our right flank which nearly enfilades us, and fires at a pretty close range. The fault lies chiefly with the men, who will not take proper care of themselves, nor make their dug-outs deep enough.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
Arthur Harry Meek…………………...............................(RoH)
Private TR/LON/139882. Royal Fusiliers. Died on 27th November 1918. Aged 18. Buried: Castle Acre (St. James) Churchyard. South-West part.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802750
No match on Norlink
The 6 month old Arthur H. (born Castle Acre), can be found on the 1901 Census at Lime Kiln Yard, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, William, (aged 34 and an Agricultural Labourer from North Creake), and Elizabeth A., (aged 35 and from Castle Acre). The Meek’s have another son, Robert. J, (aged 4). Elizabeth also has children from a previous marriage living with her, Frederick Drew, (aged 15, born Castle Acre, employed as an Agricultural Labourer), George W. Drew (aged 17, born Castle Acre, employed as an Agricultural Labourer), and Leonard W.Drew, (aged 9 and from Castle Acre).
Ernest William Mobbs…………………………..................(RoH)
Private 17320. "D Company, 7th Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. Died in France & Flanders on 13th October 1915. Born Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Son of George and Mary Ann Mobbs, of Abbey Rd., Castle Acre, Norfolk. Commemorated: Loos Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 30 and 31.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1764991
No match on Norlink
The 5 year old Ernest, (born Castle Acre), can be found on the 1901 Census at Fullers Yard, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, George, (aged 32 and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Castle Acre), and Maryann, (aged 32 and from Castle Acre). Their other children areEdith, (aged 9) and Walter, (aged 3) - both born Castle Acre.
(Charles) Frederick Moore……………………........(RoH)
Private 11671. 1st Battalion King's Own Scottish Borderers. Killed in action in The Dardenelles on 1st August 1915. Born and lived Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: Helles Memorial, Turkey. Panel 84 to 92 or 220 to 222.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=688827
No match on Norlink
See George below for family details.
George Moore………………………………..........................(RoH)
Lance Corporal 18753. 7th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 17th July 1917. Aged 28. Born Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Mr. and Mrs. William Moore, of St. James Green, Castle Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk husband of Gertrude Moore, of Pales Green, Castle Acre. Buried: Canadian Cemetery No.2, Neuville - St. Vaast, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. 15. E. 18.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2954861
No match on Norlink
The 13 year old George, born Castle Acre, can be found on the 1901 Census at Newton Road, Castle Acre. This was the household of his parents, William, (aged 41 and a Farm Labourer from Castle Acre), and Jad (?), (aged 37 and from Castle Acre).
Their other children are:-
Eliza……….aged 5.…….born Castle Acre
Frederick..aged 7.…….born Castle Acre
James……..aged u/1...born Castle Acre
William……aged 9.…….born Castle Acre
Phillip Moore………………………………............................(RoH)
Company Serjeant Major 4754. 1st Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 27th July 1916. Born Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Husband of Ethel Rose Anna Moore of Tottington, Thetford, Norfolk. Buried: Caterpillar Valley Cemetery, Longueval, Somme, France. Ref. XV. C. 33. * #
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=553608
No match on Norlink
No obvious match on the 1901 or 1911 Census.
27th July 1916 From the War diary of the 1st Battalion Bedfordshire Regiment
OPERATION ORDER NO.6 1/BEDFORDSHIRE Rgt. REF. Sheet LONGUEVAL 27th July. 1916
1. The 15th Infantry Bde. will attack the village of LONGUEVAL on 27th inst.
2. The attack will be preceded by a bombardment of 2 hours commencing at 2 hours before zero, i.e. at 5.10 A.M.
3. (a) At ZERO i.e. 7.10 A.M. 2 Coys 1/NORFOLK RGT. will advance from their line of assembly to the first objective. (b) The Guns will then lift onto the 2nd line of barrage. (c) A & B Coys will occupy the trenches vacated by two coys 1/NORFOLKS at this time.
4. (a) At 8.10 a.m. 2 coys 1/NORFOLKS will advance to 2nd objective (b) remaining 2 coys 1/NORFOLKS will move up into trenches vacated by 2 assaulting coys of 1/NORFOLKS (c) A.& B. Coys will move into the Trenches vacated by last 2 coys 1/NORFOLKS (d) C. & D. Coys will occupt original line of assembly. (e) At 8.40 A.M. Guns will lift onto final objective.
5. (a) At 8.40 A.M. A. & B. Coys. will attack the final objective. (b) The Guns will lift onto a line [blank] to [blank] & will stay on this line
6. A.Coy. will be responsible for that part of the objective lying to the right of the road running N.-S. through LONGUEVAL.. B.Coy. to the left of this road. (b) A.Coy. is responsible for the ORCHARD & for the strong post at [blank]. Special attention should also be paid to the right flank. (c) B.Coy. is responsible for the strong point at [blank]
7. When the final objective is captured, it will be consolidated AT ONCE & held at all costs.
8. Green flares will be lit at 9 a.m. & 2 p.m. & on reaching the final objective.
9. Bn. H.Q. is in old German 2nd line at S.17.d.5/9.
10. Aid Post is in dug out in old German 2nd Line. formerly occupied by H.Q. 1/NORFOLK Rgt.
11. All other instructions have been issued verbally.
REPORT ON OPERATIONS 26/28 JULY 1/BEDFORDSHIRE Rgt 26.7.'16 11.15.P.M.
The Battalion left its Bivouac POMMIERS REDOUBT and marched to Brigade Advanced H.Q. Here owing to very heavy Barrage & poison Gas shells in the Valley the Battalion halted for two hours. The Barrage was still intense but a fresh wind made advance possible & only two cases of gas poisoning have been reported. Shell fire was moderately severe in the valley and increased as the old German Second line Trenches were approached. 27.7.'16 [Capt. PARKER wounded] 3.50 A.M. Battn arrived in position of assembly in German 2nd Line Trenches and improved cover 5.30 A.M. Operation Orders received & communicated to Company Commanders. 7.0 A.M. A & B Coys in accordance with orders, left to take up their position in Reserve trenches at LONGUEVAL. 7.40 A.M. Report received from O.C. 1/NORFOLKS that owing to heavy shell fire, he required assistance 8.20 A.M. OC 1/BEDFORDSHIRE Rgt arrived at H.Q. 1/NORFOLK Rgt in LONGUEVAL having arranged for A & B Coys to assault the second line in conjunction with NORFOLKS & for C & D Coys to pass through & take third line. O.C. 16/ROYAL WARWICKSHIRE Rgt was requested to occupy front line trenches when these were vacated by C & D Coys. A & B Coys had at 7.30 A.M. occupied first line at 'E' & reserve trenches at 'B'. 9.00 A.M. C Coy arrived at E D Coy arrived at B and A Coy pushed across towards German Redoubt at F where the two leading NORFOLK Coys were being held up [100 prisoners surrendered here] Lt. FYSON with his platoon attacked house at G and took 32 prisoners. 9.5 A.M. C Coy advanced across PRINCES Street but were held up by Machine Gun fire from House at Cross Roads (I). This house was taken by a party of NORFOLK bombers. At the same time, two platoons of A Coy reached position marked H & K near FLERS Road where they were in touch in [sic] the ROYAL FUSILIERS on their right. A German counterattack was met with LEWIS Gun & Rifle fire, the estimated Enemy Casualties being 50. Several small posts were observed on the Ridge, apparently protected by wire. 9.30 A.M. C Coy crossed PRINCES STREET and took up a position parallel with NORTH Street joining up the two leading NORFOLK coys. They were unable to progress further owing to heavy Machine Gun fire from DUKE Street. They consolidated their position. 1 Officer & 30 men went forward from B Coy at C to reinforce a Coy of NORFOLKS at A. This coy was held up by Machine Gun fire from direction of DUKE Street & was unable to advance. STOKES Mortar Battery was asked to cooperate, but did not come into action. Later, heavy Artillery was asked to bombard this post. While awaiting this & the opportunity to advance, B & D Coys endeavoured to improve their cover under a hurricane bombardment.
Casualties in these two
B Coy 2 Officers 54 O.R. out of 5 Officers & 166 O.R.
D Coy 2 Officers 106 O.R. out of 5 Officers & 176 O.R.
6.30 P.M. ROYAL FUSILIERS on right, owing to heavy shell fire, retired and out line at K & H was slightly withdrawn to cover exposed flank. 7.0 P.M. B Coy received orders to retire to German Second Line trenches, leaving one platoon to hold line at A. A similar order was sent to D Coy but did not reach there and a second order was sent at 8.0 P.M. 9.0 P.M. C Coy tried to establish itself on East side of NORTH ST. but had to withdraw. They consolidated in touch with NORFOLKS & the SOUTH STAFFORDS of 2nd Division 28.7.'16 6 A.M. 1/D.C.L.I. & 1/E.SURREYS arrived & took over the line & the Battalion withdrew to POMMIERS Redoubt. The total casualties were 9 Officers 303 O.R. out of 23 Officers 807 O.R.
15th Infy. Bde. 1st Bedfords
The Brigadier-General Commanding wishes to express to all ranks of the Brigade his great admiration at the magnificent manner in which they captured the Village of LONGUEVAL yesterday. To the 1st NORFOLK Regiment and the 1st BEDFORDSHIRE Regiment and some of the 16th ROYAL WARWICKSHIRE Regiment, who were able to get into the enemy with the bayonet, he offers his heartiest congratulations. He knows it is what they have been waiting and wishing for many months. The 1st CHESHIRE Regiment made a most gallant and determined effort to reach their objective and failed through no fault of their own. The way in which the Troops behaved under the subsequent heavy bombardment was worthy of the best traditions of the British Army The Brigade captured 4 Officers and 159 other ranks 28/7/1916
www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/1stbn/1stbtn1916appendices.html
William Thomas Pember…………………………….........(RoH)
Probably: Private L/9226. 4th Battalion Middlesex Regiment. Died on 14th November 1914. Commemorated: Le Touret Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panels 31 and 32.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1560479
No match on Norlink
There are only two individuals with the surname Pember on the 1901 & 1911 Census, both having been born here, and both having moved away from the area entirely. There is no obvious connection with the Castle Acre area. Curiously the 1901 two are different to the 1911 two. There is a William Pember born Middlesex who would have been of the right age to have fought in WW1, and may therefore account for our CWGC man.
Reginald E Porter………………………………......................(RoH)
Lieutenant. Royal Army Medical Corps attached to 3rd Battalion Rifle Brigade. Killed in action in France on 26th October 1914. Aged 26. Younger son of Dr. G.C. Porter of Castle Acre. Commemorated: Ploegsteert Memorial, Comines-Warneton, Hainaut, Belgium.
Also commemorated in Parish Church by a marble plaque on the wall.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1643663
(as Reginald Edward)
No match on Norlink
The 12 year old Reginald E, (born Castle Acre) is recorded on the 1901 Census at Bailey Street, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, George C, (aged 47 and a Registered Medical Practitioner from Ireland), and Rose Z A, (aged 42 and also from Ireland). Their other son is George R, (aged 16 and born Castle Acre).
The 3rd Rifle Brigade were involved in the Battle of Armentieres at this time, part of the Race to the Sea that would end in the stalemate of trench warfare.
UPDATED see comment 1 below
Cyril J Savage……………………………...........................(RoH)
Lance Corporal 16748. 1st Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 27th October 1917. Born Castleacre. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Hooge Crater Cemetery, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. VIA. F. 3. *
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=459240
No match on Norlink
The 15 year old Cyril John is recorded on the 1911 census as being born at Castle, but now resident in the District of Swaffham. While there is no Cyril on the 1901 Census, there is a John of the right age, who was born in Castle Acre. This John is now resident at Cubitts Barn, Little Dunham. This is the household of his parents, James, (aged 34 and a Cattleman on Farm from South Raynham), and Ann, (aged 25 and from Greenstone(?) Norfolk). Their other children are Grace, (aged 5, born South Acre), and Lucy, (aged 3 and born Castle Acre).
The 5th Division were in the front line for the 2nd Battle of Passchendaele, which kicked off on the 26th, however the 1st Norfolks were not in the Divisional Brigade ordered to attack. No advance was possible and on the 28th the Division was relieved.
Arthur John Sculpher…………………….......................(RoH)
Private 17521. 3rd Battalion Coldstream Guards. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 12th April 1918. Aged 24. Born Castle Acre. Lived E. Lexham, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Robert and Emily Sculpher, of Newton Rd., Castle Acre, King's Lynn. Commemorated: Ploegsteert Memorial, Comines-Warneton, Hainaut, Belgium. Panel 1.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=868133
No match on Norlink
Arthur John, aged 17 and born Castle Rising, appears on the 1911 census as still being resident in the Freebridge District. There are Sculpher familys in both Castle Acre and West Acre on the 1901 Census, but neither have an Arthur or a John.
The second phase of the German Spring Offensive had begun the previous day, and the 3rd Coldstream’s like many units were involved in a fighting retreat. There is a brief mention of their activities on the 11th & 12th from the web-site dedicated to the 1st/4th Yorkshire Regiment, who were fighting alongside them.
Any reference to (RoH) means the Roll of Honour Website, to which I am deeply indebted.
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Aylsham.html
The Roll of Honour site refers to the War memorial in the churchyard. Although there is also a wooden memorial plaque in the church, this appears to be identical in practically every detail, other than adding that the Korean War individual died in 1952.
1914 - 1918
Percy Willie Baker, MM………………………(RoH)
Private 41356. 10th Bn., Essex Regiment. Formerly 5995 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Tuesday 31 July 1917. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Awarded the Military medal (MM). Buried: LA BRIQUE MILITARY CEMETERY No.2, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. II. A. 2.
On Churchyard War Memorial P.Baker
On Church Memorial board P Baker
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=451001
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census 6 year Percy W is recorded at “The Rookery”, Aylsham, the town of his birth. His parents are John, (aged 42, an ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Erpingham) and Matilda, (aged 39 and from Wood Dalling). John and Matilda have another son, James R, (aged 6), as well as a Matilda’s son from an earlier relationship, John H Frostick, (aged 18).
On the Day This was the first day of Third Ypres, more commonly known as Passchendaele. The 10th Essex were in the 53rd Brigade, whose role was to build on the success of the initial attack. 53 Bde’s task was to leapfrog 30th Div once Glencorse Wood had been taken. Although the lead elements, (8th Suffolks and 6th Berkshires, were orderd in, they found the woods still in enemy hands and were very soon forced to dig in.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=11535
Horace BALLS…………..…………………………….....(RoH)
Private 2245. "D Coy. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Thursday 12 August 1915 (CD gives 28 August 1915) in Gallipoli. Age 20. Born and enlisted Norwich. Son of Edward C. Balls, of Hungate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
On Churchyard War Memorial H Balls
On Church Memorial board H Balls
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=698446
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The most likely match is a 5 year old, born Norwich, living at 74 Angel Road, Angel Gardens, Norwich. His parents are Edward, (age 28, born Norwich and an Innkeeper), and Laura, (aged 27). Horace has a brother, John, (aged 3) and a sister, Violet, (aged 0)
On the day This is the date associated with the “disappearance” of the 1st/5ths - at least in popular mythology.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
www.drdavidclarke.co.uk/vanbat.htm
Leonard Henry Barber……………………...........(RoH)
Private 241848. 12th Bn., Yorkshire Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Thursday 11 April 1918. Born Reepham. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Buried: PLOEGSTEERT MEMORIAL, Comines-Warneton, Hainaut, Belgium. Panel 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial L Barber
On Church Memorial board L Barber
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=874198
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 8 year old Leonard H, born Hackford, is listed at The Ollands, Gromes Cottage, Hackford. His parents are Frederick J, (a 37 year old Domestic Coachman from Thurston, Suffolk), and Eliza, (aged 33 and from Hingham). Frederick and Eliza’s other children are Earnest J, (aged under 1), Frederick C, (aged 5), Hilda F, (aged 6), Mary P, (aged 2), and Sidney R, (aged 3) - all born Hackford.
On the Day Divisional Battle Honours include:-
Battle of Estaires. 9-11 Apr 1918, including the first defence of Givenchy
orbat.com/site/warpath/divs/40_div.htm
Leonard is also commemorated in the Parish of Reepham - although this has him down as dying on the 8th, and not in a major battle. There are also a number of pictures of Leonard, of family, medals and paperwork.
www.reephambenefice.org.uk/lhbarber.html
Frederick James Barrett……………………….(RoH)
(There is a picture of Frederick on the RoH site)
Private 8118.1st Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Wednesday 5 May 1915. Age 25. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Husband of Mrs. L. Barrett, of Unicorn Yard, Hungate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial F Barrett
On Church Memorial board F Barrett
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=926788
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 10 year old Frederick is listed in an “Institution” as a Pauper - possibly the Union Work House Aylsham. His status is son of a Domestic Servant. His 28 year old mother, Sophia, (marital status listed as Single), is also resident, along with possibly a sister of Sophia, Sarah, aged 22 who is described as “feeble-minded”. All were born in Cawston.
On the Day the 1st Norfolks were engaged in the battle of St Julian, (part of 2nd Ypres), which had seen the first use of poison gas on the Western Front. This part of 2nd Ypres was coming to an end, with troops being pulled back to more defensible lines after several holes had been punched in the Allied front. I can find no reference specifically to the 1st Norfolks on this date, but the 1st Bedfords, in the same Brigade were definitely in the front line and being subject to gas attack.
www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/1stbtn/1stbtn1915diary.html
Robert BODDY……………………………….....(RoH)
[BODY on CD & CWGC.] Private 196858th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died of wounds Saturday 11 August 1917. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial R Boddy
On Church Memorial board R Boddy
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=928306
(Robert Body is listed as being part of 8th Battalion)
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 8 year old Robert Body, (no Robert Boddy’s listed with a Norfolk connection), is listed at Commercial Road, Aylsham., His parents are Richard Body, ( a 39 year old House Painter from Aylsham) and Eliza, (aged 40 and from Oulton). Their other children are Annie, (aged 11), Blanch, (aged 8)and Florence, (aged 9). Eliza’s mother, Rachel Riseborough, a 79 year old Widow is also living with them.
On the DaySaturday 11th August 1917 - Day 12 Third Ypres
Westhoek
During the relief of 7th Bedfords by 8th Norfolks at 4.30am the Germans attacked and captured a pillbox. The Norfolks recaptured it at 6am.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=11535
Frank Thomas BOND…………………………..(RoH)
There is a picture of Frank on the RoH web-site
[F.E. Bond on Memorial] Private 3/8122. 7th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died of wounds Tuesday 9 November 1915. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: BETHUNE TOWN CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. IV. F. 87.
On Churchyard War Memorial F E Bond
On Church Memorial board F E Bond
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=62223
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 13 year old Frank T. born Aylsham, is now living at 4 Rose Villas, Suffield Park, Cromer. His parents are Dennis J, ( a 46 year old Carpenter from Oxnead), and Sarah, (aged 44 and from Sheringham). Their other children are George E, (aged 22 and a Plasterers Labourer), Granville C, (aged 9), Mabel B. (aged 6), Robert D, (aged 24 and a Carpenter), Rose E, ( a 16 year old Kitchen Servant), and William J, (aged 20 and a Bricklayer). All the children were born Aylsham.
On the Day The 7th Norfolks had suffered considerable losses during their first action the previous month, on the 13th, which included over 190 Other Ranks wounded. It is a possibility that Private Bond was one of these who subsequently succumbed.
www.freewebs.com/lou90/flaxmannames.htm
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=42270
For much of the First World War, Bethune was comparatively free from bombardment and remained an important railway and hospital centre, as well as a corps and divisional headquarters. The 33rd Casualty Clearing Station was in the town until December 1917.
www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=6000&a...
Henry Harold Brawn……………………………..(RoH)
[Harry Harold Brawn on CD.] Serjeant 7570 1st Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Monday 14 September 1914. Age 23. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Rebecca Brawn, of Oakfield Rd., Aylsham, Norfolk, and the late Serjt. Maj. Henry Brawn (1st Bn. Norfolk Regt.). Commemorated: LA FERTE-SOUS-JOUARRE MEMORIAL, Seine-et- Marne, France.
On Churchyard War Memorial H Brawn
On Church Memorial board H Brawn
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=877844
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is no Henry, Harry or Harold recorded - but the 1st Battalion were overseas
In 1901, and as a Senior NCO, Serjeant Major Brawn may well have taken his wife with him.
On the dayThe division of which the Norfolks were part were involved in Battle of the Aisne. 12-15 Sep 1914, including the capture of the Aisne Heights including the Chemin des Dames.
warpath.orbat.com/divs/5_div.htm
www.firstworldwar.com/battles/aisne1.htm
Walter Cecil CHAMBERLAIN……………………………….........(RoH)
Private 2520. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died in Gallipoli on Thursday 12 August 1915 (CD gives 28 August 1915) Age 18. Enlisted Aylsham. Son of Walter Chamberlain, of Fox Lake, Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Chamberlain
On Church Memorial board W Chamberlain
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=697021
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 3 year old Walter is listed at Union yard, Aylsham. His parents are Walter, (aged 36 and Ordinary Agricultural Labourer), and Martha, (aged 39 and from Holt). Their other children are Ethel, (aged 6), Hannah, (aged 1), Margaret, (under 1), Thomas, (aged 7), as well as four children from Martha’s previous marriage, Ernest Pike, (aged 9), Frederick Pike, (aged 13), George Pike, (aged 12) and James, (aged 14) - the last three all born at Shouldham, Norfolk. On the night of the Census they also have a visitor staying - the 72 year widow Hannah Doughty, originally from Edgefield and therefore possibly a relative of the George William listed further down.
On the dayThis is the date associated with the “disappearance” of the 1st/5ths - at least in popular mythology.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
www.drdavidclarke.co.uk/vanbat.htm
Noel Hannant COOKE………………………………..................(RoH)
(There is a picture of Noel on the RoH site)
Private 46643. 36th Field Amb, Royal Army Medical Corps. Formerly 13912 Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Friday 1 October 1915. Age 22. Born Marsham. Enlisted Lowestoft. Son of Ward Hannant Cooke and Lucy Maria Cooke, of Hungate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: VERMELLES BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. I. H. 34.
On Churchyard War Memorial N H Cooke
On Church Memorial board N H Cook
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=251304
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 8 year old Noel, born Marsham, is listed at Fengate, Marsham. His parents are Ward, ( a 35 year old Bricklayer from Hainford), and Lucy, (37 and from Blickling). Their other children are Dora, (aged 6, Aylsham), Francis, (under 1,Marsham), Harold, (aged 5, Aylsham), Hugh, (aged 3, Erpingham), Kenneth, (age 1, Erpingham)and Lucy, (aged 9, Marsham).
On the day 5th Field Ambulance was attached to the 18th (Eastern) Division. I’ve had a quick check but I can’t see that the Division was in action, (other than the daily routine of manning trenches and coping with bombardment and sniping for some of them!)
Ernest Hugh COPEMAN……………………………….................(RoH)
(There is also a separate memorial plaque in the church)
Second Lieutenant. 6th Bn., Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) attd. 37th Bn. Machine Gun Corps (Inf). Killed in action near Loos in France on Saturday 18 March 1916. (Church memorial gives 19 March 1916). Born 18 August 1888. Son of Thomas & Mariana Copeman. B.A. Cantab. Commemorated: LOOS MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 95 to 97.
On Churchyard War Memorial E H Copeman
On Church Memorial board E H Copeman
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=730348
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 12 year old Ernest is now resident as a pupil at a school near Hurstpierrepoint, West Sussex. On the 1891 Census, the 2 year old Ernest was resident at Blickling Road, Buxton. His parents are Thomas, (aged 65, born Aylsham and Living on Own Means, described as being “Short-sighted from birth) and Marian A, (aged 42 and from Aldborough). Their other children appear to be Robert A, (aged 7), “Martial”(?), (aged 6) and John G, (aged 4). The Copeman’s have a live on Governess and two live in servants.
The church memorial reads:
“In memory of Ernest Hugh Copeman, BA Cantab
2nd Lt R W Kent Regt & Machine Gun Corps
Born 18th August 1888
Killed in action near Loos in France
19th March 1916
Also of
Herbert Guy Hele Copeman BA (Oxon)
2nd Lt Oxford and Bucks L.I.
Born 21st May 1891
Killed in action at Guillemont
3rd Sept.1916
The fourth and youngest sons of Thomas and Marianna Copeman
Late of Aylsham
Haec manus ob patriam”
Herbert Guy Hele COPEMAN………………………………...........(RoH)
(There is also a separate memorial plaque in the church - see above)
Second Lieutenant 6th Bn., Oxford. and Bucks Light Infantry. Killed in action at Guillemont on Sunday 3 September 1916. Age 25. Son of Thomas and Mariana A. Copeman. Born at Aylsham 21 May 1891. B.A. Oxon. Buried: GUILLEMONT ROAD CEMETERY, GUILLEMONT, Somme, France. Ref. Sp. Mem. 7.
On Churchyard War Memorial H G H Copeman
On Church Memorial board H G H Copeman
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=534245
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census Herbert G H Copeman, aged 9, is living at Blickling Road, Buxton. His widowed mother Mariana is given as the head of household. Robert S is now aged 17 and employed as a Bank Clerk - see Ernest above for details of the household make-up at the time of the 1891 census, when Robert was listed with the middle initial A. Mariana still retains two household servants.
On the day20th Div was tasked with taking Guillemont. Zero Hour was noon. 59 Bde reinforced by 6th Bn, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (60 Bde) and 7th Bn, Somerset Light Infantry (61 Bde) attacked the southern endof Guillemont while 47 Bde of the 16th (Irish) Div was attached to the 20th Div from Corps Reserve. 10th Bn, King’s Royal Rifle Corps and 6th Bn, Connaught Rangers advanced before the bombardment lifted thus surprising the Germans at Zero Hour. The KRRC with 10th and 11th Bns, the Rifle Brigade reached their objective, the Hardecourt Road in 20 minutes. The KRRC mopped up here while the two Rifle battalions wheeled north to Mount Street.
North of Mount Street 6th Connaughts and 7th Leinsters advanced rapidly into Guillemont bypassing the quarry.In the face of heavy artillery and MG fire, the troops consolidated near North St and South St by 1.15pm.
The advance resumed at 2.50pm on the Ginchy –Wedge Wood Road, which was reached at 3.30pm. 7th Bn, Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry moved into the village to assist in consolidation.
Counter attacks at 5.30 and 6.30 pm were repelled.
W CORKE……………………………….......................................(RoH)
Possibly: William Corke. Private 18394. 2nd Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died in Mesopotamia on Monday 4 September 1916. Age 36. Born Instead, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Husband of Mrs. Matthewman (formerly Corke), of True's Cottages, High St., Wickford, Essex. Buried: AMARA WAR CEMETERY, Iraq. Ref. IX. H. 32.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Corke
On Church Memorial board W Corke
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=627932
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match for either William or any other W born circa 1879/81
On the dayMany of the 2nd battalion had become prisoners of the Turks following the fall of the besieged city of Kut . It has been estimated that over 70% of the Norfolks who surrendered at Kut died either on the subsequent march to prison camps, or in captivity.
www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/pte_wilby.htm
www.oldbuckenham-pri.norfolk.procms.co.uk/pages/viewpage....
George William DOUGHTY………………………………............(RoH)
Private 40186. 4th Bn., Bedfordshire Regiment. Formerly 28205 Essex Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Tuesday 30 October 1917. Born Suffield. Lived Oulton. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: TYNE COT MEMORIAL, Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 48 to 50 and 162A.
On Churchyard War Memorial G W Doughty
On Church Memorial board G W Doughty
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1630276
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 14 year-old George Wm. is recorded at Hungate Street, Aylsham, having been born at Suffield. George is employed as a Bricklayers Apprentice. His parents are Walter, (aged 41 and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Foulsham) and Sarah Ann, (aged 42 and from Suffield). Their other children are Ethel M, (aged 9, born Banningham), and Rose Louisa, (aged 16 and born Suffield).
On the day Battalion War Diary
30 Oct. Battn. attacked at 5.50am 7RF on left, Artists Rifles on right, Canadian Corps on right of Artists. Canadians reached [unreadable] objectives but our attack was held up by very heavy and boggy ground surrounding the PADDEBEEK and a total advance of about 150-200 yards only was made.
CASUALTIES -
Officers Killed; Capt. L.C.T. [Leslie Charles Thomas] GATE, 2Lt A.E. TEE.
Wounded; Capt. J. SCOTT, Lt C.H. WAREING, Lt K.V.R. GOLD, 2Lt E.A. GLOSSOP, 2Lt ? BORNETT, 2Lt NEW, 2Lt RADWELL.
OR Killed 52, wounded 180, missing 23.
Battn relieved by NELSON Battn. at 7pm and marched out to IRISH FARM.
www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/4thbtn/4thbtn1917diary.html
C C DUCKER……………………………….....................................(RoH)
Possibly: Cecil Civel Ducker. Private16949. "A Coy. 7th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Wednesday 13 October 1915. Age 24. Born Hempnall, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Emily Ducker, of 34, Marlowe Rd., Newnham Croft, Cambridge, and the late William Ducker. Commemorated: LOOS MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 30 and 31.
On Churchyard War Memorial C C Ducker
On Church Memorial board C C Ducker
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2941542
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 10 year old Cecil Civel is living at The Street, Ingworth and is recorded as being at School. There is no place of birth shown for him, but it is likely that it is Martham, the same as his sister
Dora Daymer, (aged 24 and a Draper). Their parents are William, (aged 49 and a Police Pensioner from Cawston), and Emily, (aged 47 and a Grocer from Ingworth).
<On the DayOn 12th October 1915 the Battalion moved from billets to a line in front of the St Elie Quarries, taking over from the Coldstream Guards. The attack was planned to go ahead the following day under a smoke cloud with the Norfolks closing on the German trenches from both ends of their position thus straightening their line, their own trenches being in a semi-circle. The left side of the Battalion was also tasked with bombing a German communications trench. A bright sunny day with an ideal wind for moving the smoke towards the enemy positions, the artillery bombardment began at 12:00 and was intensive by 13:45. 54 heavy and 86 field howitzers and 286 field guns fired on enemy trenches in the area of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, Fosse 8, the Quarries, Gun Trench and the positions south to Chalk Pit Wood. It failed to cause sufficient damage to the enemy positions. The smoke barrage went wrong and ceased by 13:40, twenty minutes before the attack was launched at 14:00 and was thus very thin. German machine gun fire from in front and from the direction of Slag Alley, opposite the Norfolks right flank, enfiladed their attack. Whilst they gained a foothold in the Quarries and consolidated the position they were unable to advance further. In the battalions first serious engagement they lost 5 Officers killed or died of wounds and 6 wounded, and 66 other ranks killed, 196 wounded and 160 missing.
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=42270
Jack DUCKER………………………………................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial Jack Ducker
On Church Memorial board Jack Ducker
CWGC No obvious match
Norlink No archive items.
Possibles
E J Ducker www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=205757
1901 Census The 1901 Census has a year old William J, living at Pound Road, Aylsham, the town of his birth. William father is James is 39, and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Aylsham. His mother is Letitia, (aged 38 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Ann G S, (aged 9), Marriott W G, (aged 1), Mildred, (aged 17), Rena Des (aged 12), Thomas E, (aged 14 and Cowboy on Farm), and Edward J (aged 4)
(E) James DUCKER………………………………......................(RoH)
Private 40204. 9th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Wednesday 18 October 1916. Born Aylsham. Enlisted East Dereham. Buried: BANCOURT BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. VII. B. 9.
On Churchyard War Memorial James Ducker
On Church Memorial board James Ducker
CWGC No obvious match
Norlink No archive items.
Possibles
E J Ducker www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=205757
1901 Census The 1901 Census has a 4 year old Edward J, living at Pound Road, Aylsham, the town of his birth. It is mere speculation that the middle initial stands for James, however that is Edward’s fathers name. James is 39, and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Aylsham. His mother is Letitia, (aged 38 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Ann G S, (aged 9), Marriott W G, (aged 1), Mildred, (aged 17), Rena Des (aged 12), Thomas E, (aged 14 and Cowboy on Farm), and William J (aged 7)
On the Day Wednesday 18th October 1916.
Gueudecourt
9th Bn, Norfolk Regt (6th Div) captured the north western part of Mild Trench and held it against a German attack at nightfall.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=9058&p...
Thomas Edmund DUCKER……………………………….............(RoH)
Private 40205. 9th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Wednesday 18 October 1916. Age 29. Enlisted East Dereham. Husband of Ellen Ducker, of Fox Loke, Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: BANCOURT BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. VII. B. 10.
On Churchyard War Memorial T E Ducker
On Church Memorial board T E Ducker
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=205758
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 1901 Census has a 14 year old Thomas E, living at Pound Road, Aylsham, the town of his birth and employed as a Cow Boy on Farm. Thomas’s father, James is 39, and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Aylsham. His mother is Letitia, (aged 38 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Ann G S, (aged 9), Marriott W G, (aged 1), Mildred, (aged 17), Rena Des (aged 12), Edward J, (aged 4), and William J (aged 7)
On the Day Wednesday 18th October 1916.
Gueudecourt
9th Bn, Norfolk Regt (6th Div) captured the north western part of Mild Trench and held it against a German attack at nightfall.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=9058&p...
Henry C DYBALL………………………………..........................(RoH)
(There is a picture of Henry on the RoH site)
Private 3/10016. 1st Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Friday 18 June 1915. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Fulham, Surrey. Commemorated: PERTH CEMETERY (CHINA WALL), Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Sp. Mem. A. 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial H C Dyball
On Church Memorial board H C Dyball
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=103282
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 19 year old Henry, born Aylsham, appears to be a Private in an Infantry Regiment, stationed at Britannia Barracks, Norwich. This would probably be the Norfolk Regiment.
On the 1891 Census , Henry was living at Cromer Road, Aylsham with his parents John, (age 52 and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer) and Harriet (tbc - poor quality reproduction),
On the Day No details known.
Edward DYBALL………………………………..........................(RoH)
Gunner RMA/12824. Royal Marine Artillery. Died Thursday 7 November 1918. Age 24. Son of Charles and Evelyn Dyball, of Cawston Rd., Aylsham. Buried: AYLSHAM CEMETERY, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Ref. H. 72.
On Churchyard War Memorial E Dyball
On Church Memorial board E Dyball
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802301
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 6 year old Edward is living at Gas House Hill, Aylsham, having been born at Burgh. His parents are Charles, (age 41 and a Groom\Gardener from Burgh), Eveline, (aged 40 and from Brampton). Their other children are Eveline A, (aged 21, born Brampton), Frederick, (aged 15 and a Grocers Porter, born Burgh), and Sidney, (aged 1, born Aylsham). Living with them is also a Grand-daughter, Gladys, (aged u/1 and born North Walsham)
On the Day No details known.
William DYBALL………………………………...........................(RoH)
(There is a picture of William on the RoH site)
Leading Seaman 208734. (RFR/CH/B/10521). H.M.S. "Hawke., Royal Navy. Died Thursday 15 October 1914. Age 30. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dyball, of Cawston Rd., Aylsham; husband of Annie Rosetta Dyball, of Millgate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: CHATHAM NAVAL MEMORIAL, Kent, United Kingdom. Panel 1.
Special note: HMS Hawke was a cruiser launched in 1891. she was one of the oldest ships in the Royal Navy at the outbreak of World War 1. On the 15th October 1914 while sailing in the North Sea some 60 miles off the coast of Scotland, she was struck by a torpedo fired from German submarine U.9. and sunk almost immediately. 52 men managed to get into the lifeboat, but the remaining 544 of the crew perished. U.9 under the command of Otto Weddingen was responsible for sinking Royal Navy ships Cressey, Hogue and Aboukir about a month earlier.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Dyball
On Church Memorial board W Dyball
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3048892
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match - but on the 1891 Census, the 6 year old William can be found at Aylsham Road, Burgh. His parents are Charles, (aged 31 and an Agricultural Labourer) and Eveline, (Aged 30) - see Edward above for more details from the 1901 Census.
On the Day
www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/hms_hawke.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Hawke_(1891)
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t...
century.guardian.co.uk/1910-1919/Story/0,,126442,00.html
William George FIELD………………………………...........................(RoH)
Private 240213. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Friday 2 November 1917. Born and enlisted Aylsham. Commemorated: JERUSALEM MEMORIAL, Israel. Panels 12 to 15.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Field
On Church Memorial board W Field
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1645154
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 5 year old William Field living at Burgh Road, Aylsham. His parents are Uriah, (a 46 year old Monumental Mason from Kennington, London), and Mary A, (43 and from Erpingham). Their other children are Bessie, (aged 13), John, (aged 23 and a Boot Maker), and Lucie, (aged 9). All the children were born at Aylsham.
On the DayThird Battle of Gaza
The first action at Gaza took place before dawn on 2 November when the 161st and 162nd Brigades of the 54th Division attacked the Turkish trench system in the sand dunes between Gaza and the sea. On this occasion it was a night attack by well prepared troops with overwhelming artillery support and armoured (six tanks). The British infantry advanced about 2 miles on a 5,000 yard front and held their gains against repeated Turkish counter-attacks. Casualty figures were heavy for both sides but this time favoured the British.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza
Sydney FISHER………………………………................................(RoH)
Serjeant 26131. 39th Bn., Machine Gun Corps (Inf). Formerly 18982 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Monday 25 March 1918 in France & Flanders. Born Buxton. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: POZIERES MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Panel 90 to 93.
On Churchyard War Memorial S Fisher
On Church Memorial board S Fisher
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1580862
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 14 year old Sydney, born Buxton, is now living at Cawston Road, Aylsham and employed as an errand boy. He is living with his Uncle, William Randell, and his wife Lydia and the rest of their family. On the 1891 Census he is living at Lodge Farm, Mill Street, Buxton. His father Thomas, aged 50, appears to be some kind of Bailiff, and was originally from Scottow. His mother Matilda, is 42 and from Cawston. Their other children are William, (aged 14 and an Agricultural Labourer) and Mabel, (aged 5).
On the Day The 39th Battalion, like many other units, would have been heavily engaged resisting the German Spring Offensive.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Offensive
Francis Henry FROSTICK………………………………...............(RoH)
Able Seaman R/543. Hawke Bn. R.N. Div., Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. Died Tuesday 24 April 1917. Age 26. Son of James and Emily Frostick, of Hungate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: ARRAS MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Bay 1
On Churchyard War Memorial F H Frostick
On Church Memorial board F H Frostick
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1557805
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a Frank Frostick,on the census, aged 11 and living at the Cottages by the Mill, Oxnead. Frank was born at Aylsham. His parents are James, (aged 46 and a Cattleman on Farm from Banningham), and Emily, (aged 45 and from Skeyton). Their other children are Elsie, (aged 3, born Oxnead), Frederick, (aged 7, born Aylsham), and William, (aged 15 and a Bricklayers Labourer, born Heigham).
On the DayWESTERN FRONT
9 April-15 May Battle of Arras, including
23-24 April Second Battle of the Scarpe (Second phase of Arras Offensive), 63rd (RN) Division captured Gavrelle
The attack on Gavrelle was commenced on 23 April and was carried out by the 189th and 190th Brigades. At 4.45 a.m. Nelson and Drake battalions went over the top under cover of an artillery barrage. The first line of German trenches was quickly taken, and an hour later the attack was ceased at the edge of the village.
The artillery barrage was relocated across the village, which was reduced to rubble. Other battalions from the brigade were moved forward. House to house fighting led to the taking of Gavrelle, at the cost of 1,500 casualties.
Virtually all the remaining reservists of the original Royal Naval Division lost their lives at Gavrelle. They were the veterans who had survived the fighting at Gallipoli and at the Ancre.
www.wereldoorlog1418.nl/RND-Royal-Naval-Division/index.html
www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1917-04Apr.htm
H J GIBBONS……………………………….............................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial H J Gibbons
On Church Memorial board H J Gibbons
CWGC
Possibly H J East Surrey Regiment died 1916
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=576007
Or Henry John, Royal Lancaster Regiment, died 1918
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=301567
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 14 year old Henry G, born Aylsham, and now employed as an Errand Boy at Chemist, living at 9 West Street, Cromer. His mother Alice M M, (age 36 and from Colby) has re-married, and so Henry is living with his step-father, James Norgate, a 32 year old Corn Porter from North Walsham).
William GILES………………………………............................(RoH)
Private 51361. 2nd Bn., Manchester Regiment. Killed in action Friday 19 April 1918 in France & Flanders. Age 27. Born Skeyton. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of William and Annie Giles, of Woodgate Cottages, Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: QUESNOY FARM MILITARY CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. C. 7.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Giles
On Church Memorial board W Giles
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=590871
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is an 8 year old “Willie” Giles, living at North Walsham Road, Skeyton, the village of his birth. Willie’s parents are William, (aged 35 and a Cattle Feeder on Farm from Scottow), and Annie, (aged 38 and from Scottow). Their other children are Alice, (aged 5, born Sketon), George, (aged 12, born Oxnead), John, (aged 9, born Swanton Abbott), Martha, (aged 13, born Swanton Abbott), and Sidney, (aged 2, born Skeyton).
On the day April 1918
Ayette attacked and carried. Batt was in the front line until the 25th 14 KIA, 87 wounded, 16 gassed, 1 missing.25th withdrawn to Barly
www.themanchesters.org/2nd batt.htm
Clare Horsley GOULDER……………………………….............(RoH)
Corporal 13146. 8th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Tuesday 31 October 1916. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: AYLSHAM CEMETERY, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Ref. B. 77.
On Churchyard War Memorial C H Goulder
On Church Memorial board C H Goulder
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802302
Norlink No archive items.
There is a memorial to all the Goulder boys who died in the Great War in Aylsham Cemetery. Clare is listed as having been wounded on the Somme on the 1st July 1916, and subsequently dying in Hospital on the 31st October 1916. He was born on the 14th January 1892.
1901 Census The 9 year old Clare H is recorded at Pound Lane, Aylsham. His parents are John, (aged 56 and a Farmer and Manure Agent from Wramplingham), and Mary, (aged 52 and from Stretford, Lancashire). Their other children are Colin Chas, (aged 11), Frances M, (aged 12), John Lee, (aged 17), and Sybil M, (aged 19). The Goulders have two live in servants.
John Lee GOULDER………………………………................(RoH)
(There is a picture of John on the RoH website)
Serjeant 2179. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 21 August 1915. Born and enlisted Aylsham. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
On Churchyard War Memorial J L Goulder
On Church Memorial board J L Goulder
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=693690
Norlink No archive items.
There is a memorial to all the Goulder boys who died in the Great War in Aylsham Cemetery. John Lee is listed as having died in action at Suvla. He was born the 16th April 1883.
1901 Census The 17 year old John Lee is recorded at Pound Lane, Aylsham. His parents are John, (aged 56 and a Farmer and Manure Agent from Wramplingham), and Mary, (aged 52 and from Stretford, Lancashire). Their other children are Colin Chas, (aged 11), Frances M, (aged 12), Clare H, (aged 9), and Sybil M, (aged 19). The Goulders have two live in servants.
On the Day 21st August 1915
Having lost over 200 men from the battalion shortly before this on the 12th, the battalion was to lose at least another 36 on this day.
Robert Christopher GOULDER………………………………..(RoH)
Lance Corporal 13188. 8th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 1 July 1916. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board R C Goulder
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=786636
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census A 14 year old Robert Goulder, born Aylsham, is recorded as a Boarder at a Private Grammer School in Banham, Norfolk. Ten years earlier, the same individual is now listed as Robert C. and is living at Cromer Road, Aylsham with his parents John and Mary - see family details recorded for Clare and John Lee. The only additional child listed appears to be a Humphrey W, (aged 6 in 1891, born Aylsham)
On the Day The 6th Battalion, Royal Berks went over the top alongside the 8th Norfolks on the first day of the Somme. The story of what happened to the two units can be read here,
www.6throyalberks.co.uk/1stJuly/default.html
The 8th Battalion as part of the 18th (Eastern) Division was present on the first day of the Battle of the Somme on 1 July 1916. They got beyond their initial target and had by 5.00pm reached the German trenches known as "Montauban Alley". Over one hundred men and three officers had been killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norfolk_Regiment
Arthur Robert HALL………………………………..........................(RoH)
Sapper 230925. 130th Field Coy., Royal Engineers. Died Friday 18 October 1918. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Buried: ST. SEVER CEMETERY EXTENSION, ROUEN, Seine-Maritime, France. Ref. S. II. J 9.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board A Hall
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=518028
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 14 year old Arthur, born Aylsham, employed as a Stonemason, and currently residing at Millgate, Aylsham. His parents are Charles, (aged 48 and a Stone Mason from Cossey, Norfolk), and Susanna, (aged 47 and from Burgh). Their other children are Ada, (aged 25 and a Drapers Assistant), Alfred, (aged 17 and a Grocers Assistant), Bessie, (aged 18 and a Drapers Assistant), Frank, (aged 7), and Harry, (aged 11).
Arthur James HORNE………………………………......................(RoH)
[C.D. Gives surname as HOME.] Private 27389. 6th Bn., Somerset Light Infantry. Formerly G/37364 Royal Fusiliers. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Saturday 3 November 1917. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Husband of Mrs. L. Farrow (formerly Horne), of Footpath House, Swanton Abbott, Norwich, Norfolk. Commemorated: TYNE COT MEMORIAL , Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 41 to 42 and 163A.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board A J Horne
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=837244
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 12 year old Arthur J, employed as an Errand Boy\Porter, is recorded at Woodgate Cottage, Aylsham. His parents are Johnathan, (aged 39 and a Team Man on farm from Foulsham), and Mary Ann, (age 40 and from Norwich). Their other children are Bertie S, (aged 1), Gladys F, (aged 3), and Walter S, (aged 7). Also living with them are Johnathan’s father, James, (aged 82 and from Saxthorpe, on Parish Poor Relief).
Eric HORNER………………………………..................................(RoH)
(There is a picture of Eric on the RoH website)
Lance Corporal 11376. 6th Bn., Yorkshire Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 21 August 1915. Born Aylsham. Enlisted South Shields. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 55 to 58.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board E Horner
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=691984
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 9 year old Eric is resident at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Frederick J, (aged 37 and a Blacksmith from Calthorpe), and Eliza, (aged 37 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Cora, (aged 12), Ella, (aged 12), Hilda, (aged 4), Leonard, (aged 11), and Raymond, (aged 7).
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=124...
On the Day The Yorkshires were involved in the costly Battle of Scimitar Hill and the attack on “W” Hills on this day.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Scimitar_Hill
www.firstworldwar.com/battles/scimitarhill.htm
G HUNT……………………………….........................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board G Hunt
CWGC
Possibly George Lewis aged 18 of the 1st/5th Duke of Wellingtons (West Riding) Regiment. His parents are shown as residing at Neatishead.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=794393
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census Possibilities are:-
George, (aged 2), living at Hungate Street, Aylsham. Parents Arthur, (32, Agricultural Labourer), Alice (33, born Fritton) - other children Arthur W. (6), and Florence C (4).
George, (aged 16 - Cattle Man on Farm), living at Mucklands, Aylsham..Mother Elizabeth, (aged 39 and a Widow from Barningham Parva) - other children Bertie, (aged 12), Daisy, (aged 10), Lily, (aged 8), and Sidney, (aged 14 and a Baker).
(Charles) Frederick KNIGHTS……………………………….........(RoH)
Private 127984. 34th Coy., Machine Gun Corps (Inf). Formerly 35348 East Surrey Regiment. Killed in action Thursday 11 April 1918 in France & Flanders. Born Northrepps. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Son of Fredrick Charles Knights. Commemorated: PLOEGSTEERT MEMORIAL, Comines-Warneton, Hainaut, Belgium. Panel 11.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board F Knights
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=869316
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 2 year old Frederick Knights living at Norwich Road, Aylsham who was born at Southrepps. He is living with his Grand-Parents Frederick, (aged 50 and a Railway Porter from Diss), and Alice, (aged 40 and from Wells, Norfolk). The children of Frederick and Alice are Adeline, (aged 14), Anne, (aged 19), Bertie G, (aged 5), Edith, (aged 11), and Sidney, (aged 9).
C LEE………………………………............................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial Looks more like G Lee but carving not in common with other C’s or G’s
On Church Memorial board C Lee
CWGC
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 9 year old Charles H Lee, born Cawston and now living at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Herbert Wm, (aged 31 and a Farm Bailiff from Cawston), and Elizabeth, (aged 31 and also from Cawston). Their other children are Sidney S., (aged 4, born Cawston), Valentine E. (aged 2, born Aylsham) and Walter W. (aged 7, born Cawston).
This points us to a possible match on the CWGC database - Charles Herbert Lee who was 26 when he died on the 14/11/1918. His wife had re-married, and was now living at Aldborough, but Charles is buried in the Churchyard of St Giles, Colby, Norfolk. Charles is on the Colby War Memorial. He had served as a Pioneer in the Royal Engineers.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802318
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Colby.html
If they are all the same individual, then Charles is probably the brother of the Sydney listed below.
Sydney Samuel LEE………………………………......................(RoH)
Private 22202. 2nd Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Sunday 7 January 1917. Age 20. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Hubert William and Elizabeth Lee, of Beer House Farm, Cawston, Norfolk. Commemorated: KIRKEE 1914-1918 MEMORIAL, India. Face C.
On Churchyard War Memorial S Lee
On Church Memorial board S Lee
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1481525
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 4 year old Sidney S Lee, born Cawston and now living at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Herbert Wm, (aged 31 and a Farm Bailiff from Cawston), and Elizabeth, (aged 31 and also from Cawston). Their other children are Charles H., (aged 9, born Cawston), Valentine E. (aged 2, born Aylsham) and Walter W. (aged 7, born Cawston).
(Frank) Sydney LEMAN………………………………................(RoH)
Private 40900. 11th Bn., Essex Regiment. Formerly 32927 Suffolk Regiment. Died of wounds Saturday 23 March 1918 in France & Flanders. Age 35. Born Kelling. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Buried: DERNANCOURT COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION, Somme, France. Ref. III. J. 46.
On Churchyard War Memorial S Leman
On Church Memorial board S Leman
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=37479
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No apparent match. On the 1891 Census, the 9 year old Frank, having been born at Kelling was by now living at The Street, (Possibly Kelling or Erpingham - original is a poor quality scan). His parents are John Leman, (aged 31 and an Agricultural Labourer, place of birth illegible on the Genes Re-united site - possibly Erpingham) and Jane, (aged 30 and probably from Kelling). I believe the other children are Jane, Agnes, Stuart and Arthur, but I shall roll my eyes next time I hear someone waffle on about how standards of hand-writing used to be so much better in Victorian times J
On the DayThe 11th Essex had been heavily engaged in holding back the German onslaught of their 1918 Spring Offensive which had commenced on the 21st.
www.gutenberg.org/files/20115/20115-h/20115-h.htm#page044
Private Leman may well have picked up his fatal wounds during this time.
B MARSHALL……………………………….....................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial B Marshall
On Church Memorial board B Marshall
CWGC
Possibly Bertie Walter, aged 22, of the 35th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps, who died 30/11/1917. Bertie’s parents (James & Laura) are recorded as living at Stafford Street, Norwich.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=554906
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match for any B Marshall and no obvious Marshall connection with Aylsham.
Frederick MOY………………………………..................................(RoH)
Private 240040. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Thursday 19 April 1917. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Millgate, Higham, Norfolk. Buried: GAZA WAR CEMETERY, Israel. Ref. XXII. G. 5.
On Churchyard War Memorial F Moy
On Church Memorial board F Moy
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=650910
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match on the 1901 or 1891 Censuses. There are two Moy familys, both with numerous sons, and Aylsham connections - one having subsequently moved to Old Buckenham, but there is not even a middle initial F. on any of them.
On the Day 19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
More than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
William NORTON………………………………...............................(RoH)
Private 41117. 7th Bn., The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt.) attd. 288th Coy., Royal Engineers. Died Saturday 17 March 1917. Age 41. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. Norton, of Aylsham; husband of S. E. Norton, of Pound Rd., Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: WARLINCOURT HALTE BRITISH CEMETERY, SAULTY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. V. E. 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Norton
On Church Memorial board W Norton
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=91524
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 25 year old William, born Aylsham, is employed as a Domestic Gardener and is living on Hungate Street, Aylsham with his widowed mother Esther, (aged 48 and born Edgefield). Also living with them are William’s brothers Albert, (aged 15 and a Cattle Feeder on Farm), Augustus, (aged 12) and Frederick, (aged 9).
J C PAYNE……………………………….........................................(RoH)
[No record on CD.] Private T/254791. Army Service Corps. Died Thursday 20 December 1917. Age 35. Buried: AYLSHAM CEMETERY, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Ref. G. 70.
On Churchyard War Memorial J C Payne
On Church Memorial board J C Payne
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802303
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 1901 Census has a 17 year old James C, born Aylsham and employed as a Bricklayers Labourer. He is living at Drabblegate, Aylsham with his parents William, (aged 44 and a Bricklayer), and Sophia, (aged 40). Their other children are Blanch, (aged 10), Eliza, (aged 13), Ethel S, (aged 8), Frederick H, (aged 19 and a Gardener, (not Domestic)), Harry E. (aged 7), Katie (aged 6), and William, (aged 4).
Frederick PEGG……………………………….............................(RoH)
Corporal 12967. 7th Bn., Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action Wednesday 27 March 1918. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Lowestoft. Commemorated: POZIERES MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Panel 25
On Churchyard War Memorial F Pegg
On Church Memorial board F Pegg
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1586611
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 14 year old Frederick, born Aylsham, is living on Hungate Street and employed as an Errand Boy. His parents are Alfred Charles, (a 47 year old Carpenter from Heydon), and Clara, (47 and from Wood Dalling). Their other children are Benjamin A, (aged 15 and a Newspaper Boy), Caroline E, (aged 22), Francis H, (aged 13), Marshall A, (aged 20 and a Bricklayers Labourer), and Stephen S.A. (aged 11).
On the dayThe 7th Suffolks were involved in the fighting retreat that was gradually bringing the German Spring Offensive to a halt before Albert.
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=111...
W J PITCHER………………………………...............................(RoH)
Possibly: Wilfred Pitcher. Private 240948. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died in Palestine on Thursday 19 April 1917. Enlisted East Dereham. Buried: GAZA WAR CEMETERY, Israel. Ref. XXIII. D. 10.
On Churchyard War Memorial W J Pitcher
On Church Memorial board W J Pitcher
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=651074
Norlink No archive items.
There is a memorial to Wilfred’s father Elliot who died in 1934 in Aylsham cemetery. This also lists a son Wilfred John who fell in action in Egypt, 19th April 1917.Elliot’s wife, (and presumably Wilfred’s mother) is listed as Alice Mary.
1901 Census The 1 year old Wilfred, born Aldborough, is living Near the Green, Aldborough. His parents are Elliott, (aged 25 and a Domestic Gardener) and Alice, (aged 22 and from Saxthorpe). Wilfred has a brother George, (aged under 1).
On the dayMore than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
To the right (west) of Tank Redoubt, the 3rd Camel Battalion, advancing in the gap between two redoubts, actually made the furthest advance of the battle, crossing the Gaza-Beersheba Road and occupying a pair of low hills (dubbed "Jack" and "Jill"). As the advances on their flanks faltered, the "Camels" were forced to retreat to avoid being isolated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
E J PRESTON………………………………................................(RoH)
Possibly: Ernest James Preston. Gunner 906467. 337th Bde., Royal Field Artillery. Died in Mesopotamia on Monday 28 October 1918. (CD gives date as 25 October 1918). Lived and enlisted Norwich. Buried: BASRA WAR CEMETERY, Iraq. Ref. I. S. 3.
On Churchyard War Memorial E J Preston
On Church Memorial board E J Preston
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=631320
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 4 year old Ernest J is living at Buxton Road, Aylsham, the town of his birth. His parents are Leonard J, (34 and a Road Surveyor from Hevingham), and Louisa E, (aged 30 and from Highfield, Sussex). The Prestons also have a daughter, Florence M, aged 1. Although I only have access to the high-level search on the 1911 census, Ernest is still recorded in the District of Aylsham. I can only assume he either moved to Norwich to seek work or that the Ernest James on the RoH site is a different individual.
C RISEBOROUGH……………………………….........................(RoH)
Possibly either: Charles Riseborough. Gunner 98474. Guards Div. H.Q., Royal Field Artillery. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Sunday 3 October 1915. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: FOSSE 7 MILITARY CEMETERY, MAZINGARBE, Pas de Calais, France.
With Acknowledgment to the Roll of Honour website (RoH)
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Holt.html
There is another set of memorials in the church of St Andrew the Apostle.
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/HoltStAndrew.html
Names shown on the Church memorial are marked as (CM)
The Great War
Alfred Anthony……………………………….....................................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 47535. The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt.) Labour Company Chinese Labour Corps transf. to (74127) 54th Chinese Company. Died on 27th November 1919. Aged 32. Son of Mr. T. and Mrs. H. Anthony, of 8, Eastrea Rd. Whittlesea. Cambs; husband of D. Anthony, of 5 Bluestone Terrace, Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Terlincthun British Cemetery, Wimille, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. XIV. C. 13.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=4024320
No match on Norlink
The 13 year old Alfred, already a Brickyard Labourer, is recorded on the 1901 Census as living at Eastrea Road, Whittlesey. This is the household of his parents, Thomas, (aged 54 and a Brickyard Labourer from Whittlesey), and Hannah, (aged 55 and from Whittlesey.) Also resident are Arthur’s brothers Charles, (aged 18), Harry, (aged 17), and Walter, (aged 10). Charles and Harry work as Brickyard Labourers, and all were born Whittlesey.
Oliver Bennett………………………………...................................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 32124. 12th Battery Royal Field Artillery. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 21st October 1914. Aged 25. Born at North Walsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of William and Rebecca Bennett, of Holt, Norfolk, Norwich, Norfolk. Buried: Harlebeke New British Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. XVI. A. 8.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=485790
No match on Norlink
The 12 year old Oliver was recorded on the 1901 census at Bull Street, Holt, having been born North Walsham. This was the household of his parents, William, aged 59 and a Licensed Victualler from Letheringsett, and Rebecca, (aged 40 and from Hoveton St John, Norfolk). Their other children are:-
Frank…………….aged 8.………….born North Walsham.
Ida Grace………aged 14.…………..born Stalham
Margaret……….aged 6.……………born Edgefield
One of the Stained Glass Windows in St Andrews, Holt is dedicated to the memory of Oliver and Charles Henry Steer, (qv), former members of the church choir.
www.wartimememoriesproject.com/greatwar/allied/royalartil...
The battery was newly arrived in France and was involved in supporting the 7th Division on the opening day of the Battle of Langemarck.
webstats.ordersofbattle.darkscape.net/site/warpath/divs/7...
www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_langemarck_1914.html
Robert William Beresford………………………………................(RoH) (CM)
Sergeant 293. 1st/5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died in Gallipoli on 21st August 1915. Aged 29. Born and enlisted Holt. Son of Henry Beresford, of Shire Hall Plain, Holt; husband of Emily E. Beresford, of Weston Square, Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Helles Memorial, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=698865
No match on Norlink
The 14 year old Robert is recorded on the 1901 Census as employed as a Domestic Page Boy, and living at Shire Hall Plain, Holt, the town of his birth. This was the household of his parents, Henry, (aged 42 and a Mineral Water cater from Holt), and Sophia, (aged 39 and from Bodham). Their other children are:-
Agnes……………aged 10
Alice…………..aged 13
Bertie………….aged 12
Bessie…………aged 20
Fred……………aged 2
Gertrude………..aged under 1
Mable………….aged 9
Percy…………..aged 3
Sidney…………aged 4.
Also living with them is a Grandson, George Beresford, aged under 1.
All born Holt.
Following the disastrous attack on the 12th, subsequently immortalised in tales of Alien abduction, lost battalions and more poignantly in “All the Kings Men”, the survivors were merged with the 1st/4ths until re-enforcements could arrive. A diary of an officer of that Battalion records that there was a Turkish attack in the mid-afternoon which broke into the trenches on their right, but was quiet in their sector.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
William Betts……………………………….....................................(RoH) (CM)
Private 16399. 3rd Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died on 20th February 1916. Aged 27. Son of William and Triana Betts, of Fir Cottage, Briston, Melton Constable. Buried: Holt Burial Ground, Norfolk. Ref. C. 542.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802696
No match on Norlink
The most likely match on the 1901 Census is a 12 year old William, born Gissing, and now living at 30 Hill Street, Norwich. This is the household of his parents, Edward William, (a 38 year old Cab Man from Norwich), and Alice Caroline (aged 39 from probably Burston, Norfolk). Their other children are:-
Edith May…………aged 8.…born Gissing
Harry………………aged 6.…born Gisleham, Suffolk
Katherine Alice……aged 5.…born Norwich
Mildred Constance..aged 11...born Gissing
Sidney……………..aged 9.…born Gissing
The 3rd Battalion were a UK based Training Battalion providing drafts to the other Battalions of the Regiment.
Thomas Boast………………………………....................................(RoH) (CM)
RoH has no further information available.
Probably
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=275227
Name: BOAST, THOMAS TOWNSHEND
Rank: Second Lieutenant Regiment/Service: Norfolk Regiment Unit Text: 3rd Bn.
Age: 28 Date of Death: 29/09/1918 Awards: Mentioned in Despatches
Additional information: Son of George John and M. A. Boast, of Taxal Edge, Whaley Bridge, Cheshire. Native of Holt, Norfolk.
Grave/Memorial Reference: C. 29. Cemetery: NEUVILLE-BOURJONVAL BRITISH CEMETERY
No match on Norlink
The 1901 Census has a Thomas T Boast, aged 10, living at Cromer Road, Holt. This is the household of his parents, George J, (aged 37 and a Domestic Gardener from Thorpe St. Andrews near Norwich), and Mary A, (aged 35 and from Fakenham). Their other children are:-
Alice A………..aged 3.…..born Holt
George J………aged 5.…..born Holt
Mabel M………aged 8.….born Holt
Also staying with them is a niece, Olive M Boast, born Langham and aged 13.
While the 3rd Battalion was a UK based training establishment, it was likely that Lt Boast was on attachment to another Battalion of the Regiment. Neuville-Bourjonval was only re-taken from the Germans at the start of September 1918, and was still very much in the front-line. A study of other casualties buried in this cemetery from this time reveals a number of officer casualties from the units that made up the 15th Brigade, which included the 1st Norfolks.
Albert Victor Bray………………………………..............................(RoH) (CM)
Private 22958. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died of wounds at home on 10th February 1917. Aged 20. Born and enlisted King’s Lynn. Son of the late William and Margaret Bray, of Holt. Buried: Holt Burial Ground. Ref. C. 549.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802697
No match on Norlink
There is no obvious match for Albert on the 1901 Census, but as can be seen from the census entry for his brother Charles below that the family has already suffered some sort of break-up at this time.
Brother of Charles below
Charles William Bray………………………………........................(RoH) (CM)
Lance Corporal 41028. 8th Battalion Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. Formerly 25409 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 16th August 1917. Aged 28. Born St Margaret’s, Norfolk (King’s Lynn?). Enlisted Norwich. Son of the late William and Margaret Bray. No known grave. Commemorated on Tyne Cot Memorial, Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 70 to 72.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=842798
No match on Norlink
Brother of Albert above
The 12 year old Charles Bray is recorded on the 1901 census at South Street, Kings Lynn, his birth town. The head of the household is his married brother Ernest, (aged 25 and a Brickmaker from the town). Also living with them is Ernest and Charles 16 year old brother, Herbert, who is employed as a Carpenters Apprentice. The wife of Ernest is Harriet, (aged 30 and from West Winch), and the couple have a daughter Evelyn who is less than a year old.
Thursday 16th August 1917 - Day 17
Rainfall Nil
The phase of the battle known as The Battle of Langemarck commenced today and lasted until the 18th. Zero Hour was 4.45 am.
16th (Irish) Division
49 Bde
7th Bn, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers attacked on the left and the regiments 8th Bn on the right. 7/8th Bn, Royal Irish Fusiliers was in support. Attached from 47 Bde was 6th Bn Royal Irish Regt which was held in reserve. It was during this action that L/Cpl Frederick Room earned his Victoria Cross. Room was in charge of the battalion stretcher bearers and worked continuously under intense fire, dressing the wounded and helping to evacuate them. It was he fourth and last VC earned by a man of the Royal Irish Regt.
7th Inniskillings took Beck House and then moved on to Delva Farm, taking it before coming under heavy fire from the rear where they had failed to mop up some German pillboxes. 8th Inniskillings was held up by MG fire while attacking Borry Farm.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=11535&...
Horace Bullock……………………………….................................(RoH) (CM)
Private 49505. 9th Battalion Essex Regiment. Formerly 53042 Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 6th September 1918. Born and lived Holt. Enlisted Norwich. No known grave. Commemorated on Vis-En-Artois Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 7.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1740608
No match on Norlink
The most likely match on the 1901 Census is a 1 year Horace living at Shirehall Plain, Holt. This is the household of his parents, Samuel, (aged 31 and described as a Bricklayer and then something illegible, which the Genes Reunited transcibers have put down as Inn-Keeper?), and Margaret E. (aged 29 and from Hockham, (possibly Holkham?)). Their other children are:-
Eleanor…….aged 7.….born Holt
Hilda May…aged 4.….born Holt
Albert Caston……………………………….................................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 13018. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th September 1916. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. No known grave. Commemorated on Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1542715
No match on Norlink
No obvious match on the 1901 Census,
15th September 1916 Battle of the Somme
The last great Allied effort to achieve a breakthrough came on 15 September in the Battle of Flers-Courcelette with the initial advance made by 11 British divisions (nine from Fourth Army, two Canadian divisions on the Reserve Army sector) and a later attack by four French corps.
The battle is chiefly remembered today as the debut of the tank. The British had high hopes that this secret weapon would break the deadlock of the trenches. Early tanks were not weapons of mobile warfare—with a top speed of 2 mph (3.2 km/h), they were easily outpaced by the infantry—but were designed for trench warfare. They were untroubled by barbed wire obstacles and impervious to rifle and machine gun fire, though highly vulnerable to artillery. Additionally, the tanks were notoriously unreliable; of the 49 tanks available on 15 September, only 32 made it to the start line, and of these, only 21 made it into action
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Flers-Courcelette
An intense preliminary bombardment began on 12 September and at 6.20am on Friday 15 September the advance began in mist and smoke. XIV Corps attack, on the extreme right, where hopes of breakthrough were pinned, fared badly; 56th Division and 6th Division lost heavily as tanks and artillery support failed to neutralise vital defensive positions
www.cwgc.org/somme/content.asp?menuid=27&id=27&me...
151 Soldiers of the 9th Battalion appear to have died on this day.
Alfred Woodhouse Caston………………………………..............(RoH) (CM)
Private 36460. 8th Battalion East Surrey Regiment. Died in France & Flanders on 29th July 1918. Aged 30. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Alfred W. Caston, of 5, Albert St., Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Crouy British Cemetery, Crouy-Sur-Somme, France. Ref. IV. B. 20.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=71021
No match on Norlink
No obvious match on the 1901 Census
The battalion was in the reserve lines on this date, with working parties in the front line at night improving defences. No casualties are recorded since the 22nd.
qrrarchive.websds.net/PDF/ES00819180608.pdf
Frederick W Chestney………………………………....................(RoH) (CM)
The roll of honour entry for this person is incorrect. The correct individual is shown below.
Name: CHESTNEY, FREDERICK WILLIAM
Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Training Reserve Unit Text: 22nd Bn
Age: 18 Date of Death: 30/01/1918 Service No: 10/7202
Additional information: Son of Mr.E Chestney. N.B.: PLEASE NOTE This casualty was accepted for commemoration by the Commission. Please contact the Commission before planning a visit, for more information.
Grave/Memorial Reference: Plot D Grave 728 Cemetery: HOLT BURIAL GROUND
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=75197297
No match on Norlink
The 2 year old Frederick is recorded on the 1901 Census living at Lion Street, Holt, the town of his birth. He is living with his parents Elijah, (aged 40 and a Carpenter from Holt), and Amelia J. (aged 39 and from Suffolk, (possibly Southwold?)). As well as Frederick, they have an 8 month old daughter, Kathleen E.M.
Charles William Clarke………………………………...............(RoH) (CM)
Private 12493. 7th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 13th October 1915. Aged 22. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Mrs. Mary Ann White, of Cross St., Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Loos Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 30 and 31.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=729875
No match on Norlink
On the 1901 Census, the 7 year old Charles W is living at Chapel Street, Holt. His widowed mother, the 34 year old Mary Ann earns a living as a washerwoman. She is also bringing up Augustus, (aged 3) and Susannah, (aged 1), although she has a 35 year old boarder, William White living with her. William is employed as a Hedger. All of them come from Holt.
On 12th October 1915 the Battalion moved from billets to a line in front of the St Elie Quarries, taking over from the Coldstream Guards. The attack was planned to go ahead the following day under a smoke cloud with the Norfolks closing on the German trenches from both ends of their position thus straightening their line, their own trenches being in a semi-circle. The left side of the Battalion was also tasked with bombing a German communications trench. A bright sunny day with an ideal wind for moving the smoke towards the enemy positions, the artillery bombardment began at 12:00 and was intensive by 13:45. 54 heavy and 86 field howitzers and 286 field guns fired on enemy trenches in the area of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, Fosse 8, the Quarries, Gun Trench and the positions south to Chalk Pit Wood. It failed to cause sufficient damage to the enemy positions. The smoke barrage went wrong and ceased by 13:40, twenty minutes before the attack was launched at 14:00 and was thus very thin. German machine gun fire from in front and from the direction of Slag Alley, opposite the Norfolks right flank, enfiladed their attack. Whilst they gained a foothold in the Quarries and consolidated the position they were unable to advance further. In the battalions first serious engagement they lost 5 Officers killed or died of wounds and 6 wounded, and 66 other ranks killed, 196 wounded and 160 missing.
Source: 1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=42270
.
Albert Edward Cockaday………………………………..............(RoH) (CM)
Private 201347. 1st/4th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in Palestine on 19th April 1917. Aged 21. Born North Heigham, Norwich. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Archibald and Laura Cockaday, of 4, Weston Square, Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Gaza War Cemetery, Israel. Ref. XIII. E. 6.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=649749
No match on Norlink
The 4 year old Albert is recorded on the 1901 Census at Carpenters Arms Yard, Norwich Road, Holt. This is the household of his parents, Archibald, (aged 25 and a Gas Fitter and Plumber from Norwich), and Laura, (aged 24 and also from Norwich). Their oher children are:-
Ethel………………aged under /1.…..born Holt
Harry……………aged 2.……………born Holt
19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
To the right (west) of Tank Redoubt, the 3rd Camel Battalion, advancing in the gap between two redoubts, actually made the furthest advance of the battle, crossing the Gaza-Beersheba Road and occupying a pair of low hills (dubbed "Jack" and "Jill"). As the advances on their flanks faltered, the "Camels" were forced to retreat to avoid being isolated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
More than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
Private Cockadays British War Medal and Victory Medal were auctioned in January 2010
www.lockdales.com/AuctionMedals&Militaria.htm
Update December 2016
While researching a Bertie Thomas Curson from Yaxham, Norfolk, who died in the same action (Private 240350, 1st/5th Battalion), I managed to track down what remains of his Service Record. In there was an undated report by the Graves Registration Unit, titled Information as to Location of Graves. There are 8 other names on the report - one of which is Albert. It seems both their bodies were discovered buried at Tank Redoubt Military Graves, Atawineh, Palestine. Presumably they were buried by the Turks. The bodies were moved to the current location probably before the CWGC, (or its predecessor, the Imperial War Commission), took responsibility for maintaining War Graves and hence no record of this move being available on CWGC.
1939-1945
John Arnott……………………………….......................................(RoH) (CM)
Roll of Honour web-site has no further details
9 Potential matches
Patrick Arnott……………………………….....................................(RoH) (CM)
Sergeant (Air Bomber) 1333984. 15 Squadron Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Died on 25th May 1943. Aged 19. Son of Frederick Henry and Nellie Arnott, of Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Jonkerbos War Cemetery, Gelderland, Netherlands. Ref. 24. A. 3.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2645038
Stirling BK611 Information
Type..............................Stirling
Serial Number...............BK611
Squadron......................15
X1D...............................LS-U
Operation......................Dusseldorf
Date 1...........................25th May 1943
Date 2...........................26th May 1943
Further Information
"Delivered to No.15 Sqdn 24Dec42. Bk611 was one of two No.15 Sqdn Stirlings lost on this operation. See: BF534. Airborne 2356 25May43 from Mildenhall. Hit by Flak at 0132 26May43 when SW of the target and bombs were jettisoned two minutes later. In the ensuing confusion, Sgt Seabolt baled out. Course for base was set, but at 0215 the Stirling crash-landed some 300 metres S of the crossroads Horst-Venlo/Sevenum-Grubbenvorst (Limburg), some 8 km NW of Venlo, Holland. Those killed were taken to Venlo for burial, since when their remains have been transferred to Jonkerbos War Cemetery. Sgt Maxted and Sgt Edgley evaded capture for six weeks before being picked up in Paris 9Jul43. The name Te-Kooti was given to this aircraft Jan43 by P/O Renner RNZAF. Since its acceptance by the Squadron, this Stirling had performed remarkably well and when lost had accomplished 29 operational sorties. This information is provided by Mr A.W.Edgeley, rear gunner of BK611.
Sgt J.O.Wilson RAAF KIA
Sgt R.W.Pittard KIA
P/O B.E.Cooper PoW
Sgt P.Arnott KIA
Sgt S.J.Maxted PoW
Sgt E.I.Seabolt RCAF PoW
Sgt A.W.Edgeley PoW
P/O B.E.Cooper initially evaded until captured in Brussels 6Jun43. After two weeks incarceration in St.Gilles Prison was interned in Camp L3, PoW No.1770 Sgt A.W.Edgeley in Camp 4B, PoW No.222506. Sgt S.J.Maxted initially evaded until captured in Paris 9Jul43 and interned in Camp 4B, PoW No.222529. Sgt E.I.Seabolt was confined in Hospital due injuries. No PoW No. 'Air Battle of the Ruhr', A.Cooper, records Sgt S.J.Maxted as Sgt S.J.Morted and Sgt A.W.Edgeley as Sgt A.W.Edgley. "
www.lostbombers.co.uk/bomber.php?id=11246
A picture of the aircraft and a member of the ground crew responsible for her can be seen here.
www.ww2aircraft.net/forum/album/black26-white-photos/p632...
Although it doesn’t translate very well, there is a bit about the escape route that tried to help Rear-Gunner Sgt Edgeley to evade, and the betrayal that led to their capture
translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=ht...
Gerald A Attew………………..……….....................................(RoH)(CM)
Probably: Gerald Albert Attew. Leading Aircraftman 1175121, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Died on 28th November 1945. Son of Thomas and Ethel Attew; husband of Lena C. Attew, of Pembroke Dock, Pembrokeshire. Buried: Naples War Cemetery, Italy. Ref. IV. N. 17.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2239128
Duncan Barrett ………………………………........................(RoH) (CM)
Roll of Honour web-site has no further details
Possibles
Name: BARRETT, DUNCAN HENRY Initials: D H Nationality: United Kingdom Rank: Sergeant (Pilot) Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve Unit Text: 49 Sqdn. Date of Death: 29/08/1941 Service No: 901205 Additional information: Son of Benjamin Hush Barrett and Isabella Sanderson Barrett, of Durban, Natal, South Africa. Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead Grave/Memorial Reference: Plot D. Row 13. Coll. grave 12. Cemetery: AMELAND (NES) GENERAL CEMETERY
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2649002
Sergeant Barret was a Navigator of a 49 Squadron Hampden, AD971 “EA-O”, that failed to return from a bombing mission to Duisberg on this day. His headstone can be seen here.
www.bomberhistory.co.uk/49squadron/Main Menu.html
Hampden AE126 Information
Type..................................Hampden
Serial Number..................AE126
Squadron.........................49
X1D..................................EA-N
Operation.........................Duisburg
Date 1..............................28th August 1941
Date 2..............................29th August 1941
Further Information
"AE126 was one of two 49 Sqdn Hampdens lost on this operation. See: AD971. Airborne from Scampton. Shot down by a night-fighter (Oblt Helmut Lent, 4./NJG1) and crashed 0340 29Aug41 into the sea off Ameland, where all are buried in Nes General Cemetery.
P/O B.M.Fournier KIA
Sgt D.H.Barrett KIA
Sgt E.R.Palmer KIA
Sgt D.Watson KIA "
www.lostbombers.co.uk/bomber.php?id=9899
Alternatively
Name: BARRETT, DUNCAN HENRY JAMES
Rank: Sergeant (Obs.) Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Unit Text: 102 Sqdn.
Date of Death: 20/05/1940 Service No: 580865
Grave/Memorial Reference: Coll. grave 2-5. Cemetery: HAMEGICOURT CHURCHYARD
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2689407
Whitley N1380 Information
Type.................................Whitley
Serial Number..................N1380
Squadron..........................102
X1D..................................DY-R
Operation.........................Ribemont
Date 1...............................20th May 1940
Date 2...............................21st May 1940
Further Information
"Serial range N1345 - N1394. 40 Whitely Mk.V. Delivered by Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft between 28Aug39 and 23Oct39. Contract No.75147/38.. Airborne 2029 20May40 from Driffield to bomb a bridge spanning the River Oise ar Ribemont. Crashed 2330 near Ham_gicourt (Aisne), 10 km SSE of St-Quentin, France.
F/L D.W.H.Owen KIA
P/O D.F.S.Holbrook KIA
Sgt D.H.J.Barrett KIA
LAC R.J.Newberry KIA
AC2 M.D.Dolan KIA
www.lostbombers.co.uk/bomber.php?id=5521
Robert John Bird……………………………….....................(RoH) (CM)
Chief Steward. H.M. Yacht Sappho, Naval Auxiliary Personnel (M.N.) Died on 29th September 1940. Aged 35. Son of Martha Bird, of Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Liverpool Naval Memorial. Panel 21, Column 1.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2498496
The yacht Sappho was built in 1935 and requisitioned in November 1939. It weighed 327 tons and was lost, probably due to a mine, whilst serving as a guardship in Falmouth, Cornwall, 29th September 1940
(The article goes on to list 32 names of officers and men serving aboard the Sappho, including Chief Steward Bird.)
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=028-1260...
In contrast the Naval net site lists 1 deceased on the 29th, and 32 on the 30th, (including Chief Steward Bird), as a result of ship loss.
www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1940-09SEP.htm
Michael Bond………………………………..........................(RoH) (CM)
Possibly: Michael William Bond. Corporal 14566787. 1048 Port Operating Coy. Royal Engineers. Died on 4th April 1944. Aged 20. Son of Hedley Lester Bond, and of May Louise Bond, of Norwich. Buried: Brookwood Military Cemetery, Surrey. Ref. 33A. A. 1.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2761910
(The only other Michael is a 15 year old civilian who died in Wandsworth, London in 1943 - presumably as a result of an air-raid)
Ronald Douglas Bond………………………………............(RoH) (CM)
Leading Aircraftman 541180. Royal Air Force, (serving in H.M.S. Welshman). Died on 1st February 1943. Aged 23. Son of Bertie Henry and Eunice May Bond, of Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Malta Memorial. Panel 9, Column 2. Special note: HMS Welshman was heading for Alexandria when she was hit and sunk by a torpedo from U-617. Over 150 Naval officers and man died, along with a number of Air Force and Army personnel who were aboard.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1081489
Navy The Royal Navy Type Minelayer Class Abdiel Pennant M 84 Built by Hawthorn Leslie & Co. (Hebburn-on-Tyne, U.K.) Ordered Laid down 8 Jun 1939 Launched 4 Sep 1940 Commissioned 25 Aug 1941 Lost 1 Feb 1943 Loss position 32.12N, 24.52E (See a map) History
HMS Welshman (Capt. Wiliam Howard Dennis Friedberger, DSO, RN) was returning from Malta to Alexandria when she was sunk about 35 nautical miles east-northeast off Tobruk, Libya in position 32º12'N, 24º52'E, by one torpedo from the German submarine U-617.
HMS Welshman supported the island of Malta during the long siege in WW2. The island population resisted strongly and was collectively awarded the highest decoration for civilian bravery. Welshman brought food and essential supplies many times; her role was featured in the UK movie The Malta Story. When unloading in Valetta harbor she was attacked and suffered a near miss which damaged her prop shafts, putting one of her thre engines out of service. As her principal fighting strength was her extreme speed this damage affected her ability to perform drastically. She was also torpedoed subsequently, but made it home to the United Kingdom and was repaired at Devonport. She returned to the Mediterranean to serve on the same relief duty, steaming under disguise and simulating French warships.
www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3956.html
www.killifish.f9.co.uk/Malta WWII/Welshman-Manxman.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Welshman_(M84)
www.georgecrossisland.org.uk/viewPhoto.asp?Key=88
www.georgecrossisland.org.uk/viewStory.asp?Key=15
(Robert) Roy Bunkell………………………………..................(RoH) (CM)
Private 5779487. 70th Battalion Royal Norfolk Regiment. Died on 25th July 1942. Aged 20. Son of Kathleen M. R. Mason of Sheringham. Buried: Holt Burial Ground. Ref. Grave B. 269.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2763921
KOREA 1952
Edward Farrow……………………………….................(RoH)(CM)
Private 22477681, The Royal Norfolk Regiment. Died 14th June 1952. Age 19. Buried in UN Memorial Cemetery, Korea. Plot 22. Row 4. Grave 1444
myweb.tiscali.co.uk/bkvaroh/ROH/FilesP/0551.htm
NORTHERN IRELAND 1991
Simon Ware………………………………...............................(RoH) (CM)
Lance Corporal, Coldstream Guards. Killed by a landmine 17th August 1991 while on foot patrol in forest of Carrickovaddy in South Armagh. Aged 22.
cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1991.html
A picture of Simon and the following obituary can be seen here
coldstreamkids.websitetoolbox.com/post?id=2653653
Simon was born in Enfield, North London, on 23 Jan 1969. He left school in 1986 and joined the Coldstream Guards and after his training at Pirbright was posted to the First Bn in Hong Kong. Having conducted many overseas exercises whilst in HK he returned with the Bn to Wellington Bks. He deployed to Belfast on a roulement tour in Sept 1989 based at North Howard Street Mill. In October 1990 he transfered to the Second Bn as the First Bn had been warned for a tour of Germany and this would have messed up his wedding plans if he had gone to Germany. On March 9th 1991 he married Carol Nice in the Guards Chapel and two days later he deployed to South Armagh with Number 4 (Ops) Company based at Bessbrook Mill. At 0800hrs on Sat 17 August 1991 he was the third man in a four man team as they patrolled along a fire break through Carrickovaddy Woods, near to Newtownhamilton. The remaining two teams sattelited the wood. As he approached a bend in the track a device detonated from his right side killing him instantly. The device was a 250lb landmine planted by the IRA and placed in an embankment to achieve maximum affect. So large was the explosion that he was killed instantly and his body was never found. Only parts of him and military equipment was found nearby.
'Tis the season! When there is nothing else around to photograph, why not capture images of the Christmas tree ornaments? Actually, it's something I do every year. This year, we are using my pre-lit tree instead of a real one. It's just too much of a hassle to get a live tree, maneuver it to the house, add the lights, then have to water it daily and vacuum up the needles. A pre-lit is so easy and just as beautiful and if we want pine scent, we spray some Fraiser Fir scent on it.
The ornaments, this year, are a combination of mine and my sister's. This particular ornament is actually one I received for free for spending a certain amount at a local business. It's just cheap plastic coated with sparkly glitter, but when put on the tree, it takes on a whole new look, with lovely light and the glitter really sparkles like teeny diamonds. I added a little vignette ala Lightroom to place more focus on the ornament.
Copyright Rebecca L. Latson, all rights reserved.
Any reference to (RoH) means the Roll of Honour Website, to which I am deeply indebted.
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Aylsham.html
The Roll of Honour site refers to the War memorial in the churchyard. Although there is also a wooden memorial plaque in the church, this appears to be identical in practically every detail, other than adding that the Korean War individual died in 1952.
1914 - 1918
Percy Willie Baker, MM………………………(RoH)
Private 41356. 10th Bn., Essex Regiment. Formerly 5995 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Tuesday 31 July 1917. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Awarded the Military medal (MM). Buried: LA BRIQUE MILITARY CEMETERY No.2, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. II. A. 2.
On Churchyard War Memorial P.Baker
On Church Memorial board P Baker
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=451001
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census 6 year Percy W is recorded at “The Rookery”, Aylsham, the town of his birth. His parents are John, (aged 42, an ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Erpingham) and Matilda, (aged 39 and from Wood Dalling). John and Matilda have another son, James R, (aged 6), as well as a Matilda’s son from an earlier relationship, John H Frostick, (aged 18).
On the Day This was the first day of Third Ypres, more commonly known as Passchendaele. The 10th Essex were in the 53rd Brigade, whose role was to build on the success of the initial attack. 53 Bde’s task was to leapfrog 30th Div once Glencorse Wood had been taken. Although the lead elements, (8th Suffolks and 6th Berkshires, were orderd in, they found the woods still in enemy hands and were very soon forced to dig in.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=11535
Horace BALLS…………..…………………………….....(RoH)
Private 2245. "D Coy. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Thursday 12 August 1915 (CD gives 28 August 1915) in Gallipoli. Age 20. Born and enlisted Norwich. Son of Edward C. Balls, of Hungate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
On Churchyard War Memorial H Balls
On Church Memorial board H Balls
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=698446
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The most likely match is a 5 year old, born Norwich, living at 74 Angel Road, Angel Gardens, Norwich. His parents are Edward, (age 28, born Norwich and an Innkeeper), and Laura, (aged 27). Horace has a brother, John, (aged 3) and a sister, Violet, (aged 0)
On the day This is the date associated with the “disappearance” of the 1st/5ths - at least in popular mythology.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
www.drdavidclarke.co.uk/vanbat.htm
Leonard Henry Barber……………………...........(RoH)
Private 241848. 12th Bn., Yorkshire Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Thursday 11 April 1918. Born Reepham. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Buried: PLOEGSTEERT MEMORIAL, Comines-Warneton, Hainaut, Belgium. Panel 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial L Barber
On Church Memorial board L Barber
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=874198
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 8 year old Leonard H, born Hackford, is listed at The Ollands, Gromes Cottage, Hackford. His parents are Frederick J, (a 37 year old Domestic Coachman from Thurston, Suffolk), and Eliza, (aged 33 and from Hingham). Frederick and Eliza’s other children are Earnest J, (aged under 1), Frederick C, (aged 5), Hilda F, (aged 6), Mary P, (aged 2), and Sidney R, (aged 3) - all born Hackford.
On the Day Divisional Battle Honours include:-
Battle of Estaires. 9-11 Apr 1918, including the first defence of Givenchy
orbat.com/site/warpath/divs/40_div.htm
Leonard is also commemorated in the Parish of Reepham - although this has him down as dying on the 8th, and not in a major battle. There are also a number of pictures of Leonard, of family, medals and paperwork.
www.reephambenefice.org.uk/lhbarber.html
Frederick James Barrett……………………….(RoH)
(There is a picture of Frederick on the RoH site)
Private 8118.1st Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Wednesday 5 May 1915. Age 25. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Husband of Mrs. L. Barrett, of Unicorn Yard, Hungate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial F Barrett
On Church Memorial board F Barrett
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=926788
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 10 year old Frederick is listed in an “Institution” as a Pauper - possibly the Union Work House Aylsham. His status is son of a Domestic Servant. His 28 year old mother, Sophia, (marital status listed as Single), is also resident, along with possibly a sister of Sophia, Sarah, aged 22 who is described as “feeble-minded”. All were born in Cawston.
On the Day the 1st Norfolks were engaged in the battle of St Julian, (part of 2nd Ypres), which had seen the first use of poison gas on the Western Front. This part of 2nd Ypres was coming to an end, with troops being pulled back to more defensible lines after several holes had been punched in the Allied front. I can find no reference specifically to the 1st Norfolks on this date, but the 1st Bedfords, in the same Brigade were definitely in the front line and being subject to gas attack.
www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/1stbtn/1stbtn1915diary.html
Robert BODDY……………………………….....(RoH)
[BODY on CD & CWGC.] Private 196858th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died of wounds Saturday 11 August 1917. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial R Boddy
On Church Memorial board R Boddy
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=928306
(Robert Body is listed as being part of 8th Battalion)
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 8 year old Robert Body, (no Robert Boddy’s listed with a Norfolk connection), is listed at Commercial Road, Aylsham., His parents are Richard Body, ( a 39 year old House Painter from Aylsham) and Eliza, (aged 40 and from Oulton). Their other children are Annie, (aged 11), Blanch, (aged 8)and Florence, (aged 9). Eliza’s mother, Rachel Riseborough, a 79 year old Widow is also living with them.
On the DaySaturday 11th August 1917 - Day 12 Third Ypres
Westhoek
During the relief of 7th Bedfords by 8th Norfolks at 4.30am the Germans attacked and captured a pillbox. The Norfolks recaptured it at 6am.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=11535
Frank Thomas BOND…………………………..(RoH)
There is a picture of Frank on the RoH web-site
[F.E. Bond on Memorial] Private 3/8122. 7th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died of wounds Tuesday 9 November 1915. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: BETHUNE TOWN CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. IV. F. 87.
On Churchyard War Memorial F E Bond
On Church Memorial board F E Bond
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=62223
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 13 year old Frank T. born Aylsham, is now living at 4 Rose Villas, Suffield Park, Cromer. His parents are Dennis J, ( a 46 year old Carpenter from Oxnead), and Sarah, (aged 44 and from Sheringham). Their other children are George E, (aged 22 and a Plasterers Labourer), Granville C, (aged 9), Mabel B. (aged 6), Robert D, (aged 24 and a Carpenter), Rose E, ( a 16 year old Kitchen Servant), and William J, (aged 20 and a Bricklayer). All the children were born Aylsham.
On the Day The 7th Norfolks had suffered considerable losses during their first action the previous month, on the 13th, which included over 190 Other Ranks wounded. It is a possibility that Private Bond was one of these who subsequently succumbed.
www.freewebs.com/lou90/flaxmannames.htm
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=42270
For much of the First World War, Bethune was comparatively free from bombardment and remained an important railway and hospital centre, as well as a corps and divisional headquarters. The 33rd Casualty Clearing Station was in the town until December 1917.
www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=6000&a...
Henry Harold Brawn……………………………..(RoH)
[Harry Harold Brawn on CD.] Serjeant 7570 1st Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Monday 14 September 1914. Age 23. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Rebecca Brawn, of Oakfield Rd., Aylsham, Norfolk, and the late Serjt. Maj. Henry Brawn (1st Bn. Norfolk Regt.). Commemorated: LA FERTE-SOUS-JOUARRE MEMORIAL, Seine-et- Marne, France.
On Churchyard War Memorial H Brawn
On Church Memorial board H Brawn
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=877844
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is no Henry, Harry or Harold recorded - but the 1st Battalion were overseas
In 1901, and as a Senior NCO, Serjeant Major Brawn may well have taken his wife with him.
On the dayThe division of which the Norfolks were part were involved in Battle of the Aisne. 12-15 Sep 1914, including the capture of the Aisne Heights including the Chemin des Dames.
warpath.orbat.com/divs/5_div.htm
www.firstworldwar.com/battles/aisne1.htm
Walter Cecil CHAMBERLAIN……………………………….........(RoH)
Private 2520. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died in Gallipoli on Thursday 12 August 1915 (CD gives 28 August 1915) Age 18. Enlisted Aylsham. Son of Walter Chamberlain, of Fox Lake, Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Chamberlain
On Church Memorial board W Chamberlain
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=697021
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 3 year old Walter is listed at Union yard, Aylsham. His parents are Walter, (aged 36 and Ordinary Agricultural Labourer), and Martha, (aged 39 and from Holt). Their other children are Ethel, (aged 6), Hannah, (aged 1), Margaret, (under 1), Thomas, (aged 7), as well as four children from Martha’s previous marriage, Ernest Pike, (aged 9), Frederick Pike, (aged 13), George Pike, (aged 12) and James, (aged 14) - the last three all born at Shouldham, Norfolk. On the night of the Census they also have a visitor staying - the 72 year widow Hannah Doughty, originally from Edgefield and therefore possibly a relative of the George William listed further down.
On the dayThis is the date associated with the “disappearance” of the 1st/5ths - at least in popular mythology.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
www.drdavidclarke.co.uk/vanbat.htm
Noel Hannant COOKE………………………………..................(RoH)
(There is a picture of Noel on the RoH site)
Private 46643. 36th Field Amb, Royal Army Medical Corps. Formerly 13912 Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Friday 1 October 1915. Age 22. Born Marsham. Enlisted Lowestoft. Son of Ward Hannant Cooke and Lucy Maria Cooke, of Hungate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: VERMELLES BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. I. H. 34.
On Churchyard War Memorial N H Cooke
On Church Memorial board N H Cook
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=251304
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 8 year old Noel, born Marsham, is listed at Fengate, Marsham. His parents are Ward, ( a 35 year old Bricklayer from Hainford), and Lucy, (37 and from Blickling). Their other children are Dora, (aged 6, Aylsham), Francis, (under 1,Marsham), Harold, (aged 5, Aylsham), Hugh, (aged 3, Erpingham), Kenneth, (age 1, Erpingham)and Lucy, (aged 9, Marsham).
On the day 5th Field Ambulance was attached to the 18th (Eastern) Division. I’ve had a quick check but I can’t see that the Division was in action, (other than the daily routine of manning trenches and coping with bombardment and sniping for some of them!)
Ernest Hugh COPEMAN……………………………….................(RoH)
(There is also a separate memorial plaque in the church)
Second Lieutenant. 6th Bn., Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) attd. 37th Bn. Machine Gun Corps (Inf). Killed in action near Loos in France on Saturday 18 March 1916. (Church memorial gives 19 March 1916). Born 18 August 1888. Son of Thomas & Mariana Copeman. B.A. Cantab. Commemorated: LOOS MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 95 to 97.
On Churchyard War Memorial E H Copeman
On Church Memorial board E H Copeman
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=730348
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 12 year old Ernest is now resident as a pupil at a school near Hurstpierrepoint, West Sussex. On the 1891 Census, the 2 year old Ernest was resident at Blickling Road, Buxton. His parents are Thomas, (aged 65, born Aylsham and Living on Own Means, described as being “Short-sighted from birth) and Marian A, (aged 42 and from Aldborough). Their other children appear to be Robert A, (aged 7), “Martial”(?), (aged 6) and John G, (aged 4). The Copeman’s have a live on Governess and two live in servants.
The church memorial reads:
“In memory of Ernest Hugh Copeman, BA Cantab
2nd Lt R W Kent Regt & Machine Gun Corps
Born 18th August 1888
Killed in action near Loos in France
19th March 1916
Also of
Herbert Guy Hele Copeman BA (Oxon)
2nd Lt Oxford and Bucks L.I.
Born 21st May 1891
Killed in action at Guillemont
3rd Sept.1916
The fourth and youngest sons of Thomas and Marianna Copeman
Late of Aylsham
Haec manus ob patriam”
Herbert Guy Hele COPEMAN………………………………...........(RoH)
(There is also a separate memorial plaque in the church - see above)
Second Lieutenant 6th Bn., Oxford. and Bucks Light Infantry. Killed in action at Guillemont on Sunday 3 September 1916. Age 25. Son of Thomas and Mariana A. Copeman. Born at Aylsham 21 May 1891. B.A. Oxon. Buried: GUILLEMONT ROAD CEMETERY, GUILLEMONT, Somme, France. Ref. Sp. Mem. 7.
On Churchyard War Memorial H G H Copeman
On Church Memorial board H G H Copeman
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=534245
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census Herbert G H Copeman, aged 9, is living at Blickling Road, Buxton. His widowed mother Mariana is given as the head of household. Robert S is now aged 17 and employed as a Bank Clerk - see Ernest above for details of the household make-up at the time of the 1891 census, when Robert was listed with the middle initial A. Mariana still retains two household servants.
On the day20th Div was tasked with taking Guillemont. Zero Hour was noon. 59 Bde reinforced by 6th Bn, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (60 Bde) and 7th Bn, Somerset Light Infantry (61 Bde) attacked the southern endof Guillemont while 47 Bde of the 16th (Irish) Div was attached to the 20th Div from Corps Reserve. 10th Bn, King’s Royal Rifle Corps and 6th Bn, Connaught Rangers advanced before the bombardment lifted thus surprising the Germans at Zero Hour. The KRRC with 10th and 11th Bns, the Rifle Brigade reached their objective, the Hardecourt Road in 20 minutes. The KRRC mopped up here while the two Rifle battalions wheeled north to Mount Street.
North of Mount Street 6th Connaughts and 7th Leinsters advanced rapidly into Guillemont bypassing the quarry.In the face of heavy artillery and MG fire, the troops consolidated near North St and South St by 1.15pm.
The advance resumed at 2.50pm on the Ginchy –Wedge Wood Road, which was reached at 3.30pm. 7th Bn, Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry moved into the village to assist in consolidation.
Counter attacks at 5.30 and 6.30 pm were repelled.
W CORKE……………………………….......................................(RoH)
Possibly: William Corke. Private 18394. 2nd Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died in Mesopotamia on Monday 4 September 1916. Age 36. Born Instead, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Husband of Mrs. Matthewman (formerly Corke), of True's Cottages, High St., Wickford, Essex. Buried: AMARA WAR CEMETERY, Iraq. Ref. IX. H. 32.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Corke
On Church Memorial board W Corke
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=627932
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match for either William or any other W born circa 1879/81
On the dayMany of the 2nd battalion had become prisoners of the Turks following the fall of the besieged city of Kut . It has been estimated that over 70% of the Norfolks who surrendered at Kut died either on the subsequent march to prison camps, or in captivity.
www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/pte_wilby.htm
www.oldbuckenham-pri.norfolk.procms.co.uk/pages/viewpage....
George William DOUGHTY………………………………............(RoH)
Private 40186. 4th Bn., Bedfordshire Regiment. Formerly 28205 Essex Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Tuesday 30 October 1917. Born Suffield. Lived Oulton. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: TYNE COT MEMORIAL, Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 48 to 50 and 162A.
On Churchyard War Memorial G W Doughty
On Church Memorial board G W Doughty
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1630276
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 14 year-old George Wm. is recorded at Hungate Street, Aylsham, having been born at Suffield. George is employed as a Bricklayers Apprentice. His parents are Walter, (aged 41 and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Foulsham) and Sarah Ann, (aged 42 and from Suffield). Their other children are Ethel M, (aged 9, born Banningham), and Rose Louisa, (aged 16 and born Suffield).
On the day Battalion War Diary
30 Oct. Battn. attacked at 5.50am 7RF on left, Artists Rifles on right, Canadian Corps on right of Artists. Canadians reached [unreadable] objectives but our attack was held up by very heavy and boggy ground surrounding the PADDEBEEK and a total advance of about 150-200 yards only was made.
CASUALTIES -
Officers Killed; Capt. L.C.T. [Leslie Charles Thomas] GATE, 2Lt A.E. TEE.
Wounded; Capt. J. SCOTT, Lt C.H. WAREING, Lt K.V.R. GOLD, 2Lt E.A. GLOSSOP, 2Lt ? BORNETT, 2Lt NEW, 2Lt RADWELL.
OR Killed 52, wounded 180, missing 23.
Battn relieved by NELSON Battn. at 7pm and marched out to IRISH FARM.
www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/4thbtn/4thbtn1917diary.html
C C DUCKER……………………………….....................................(RoH)
Possibly: Cecil Civel Ducker. Private16949. "A Coy. 7th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Wednesday 13 October 1915. Age 24. Born Hempnall, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Emily Ducker, of 34, Marlowe Rd., Newnham Croft, Cambridge, and the late William Ducker. Commemorated: LOOS MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 30 and 31.
On Churchyard War Memorial C C Ducker
On Church Memorial board C C Ducker
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2941542
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 10 year old Cecil Civel is living at The Street, Ingworth and is recorded as being at School. There is no place of birth shown for him, but it is likely that it is Martham, the same as his sister
Dora Daymer, (aged 24 and a Draper). Their parents are William, (aged 49 and a Police Pensioner from Cawston), and Emily, (aged 47 and a Grocer from Ingworth).
<On the DayOn 12th October 1915 the Battalion moved from billets to a line in front of the St Elie Quarries, taking over from the Coldstream Guards. The attack was planned to go ahead the following day under a smoke cloud with the Norfolks closing on the German trenches from both ends of their position thus straightening their line, their own trenches being in a semi-circle. The left side of the Battalion was also tasked with bombing a German communications trench. A bright sunny day with an ideal wind for moving the smoke towards the enemy positions, the artillery bombardment began at 12:00 and was intensive by 13:45. 54 heavy and 86 field howitzers and 286 field guns fired on enemy trenches in the area of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, Fosse 8, the Quarries, Gun Trench and the positions south to Chalk Pit Wood. It failed to cause sufficient damage to the enemy positions. The smoke barrage went wrong and ceased by 13:40, twenty minutes before the attack was launched at 14:00 and was thus very thin. German machine gun fire from in front and from the direction of Slag Alley, opposite the Norfolks right flank, enfiladed their attack. Whilst they gained a foothold in the Quarries and consolidated the position they were unable to advance further. In the battalions first serious engagement they lost 5 Officers killed or died of wounds and 6 wounded, and 66 other ranks killed, 196 wounded and 160 missing.
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=42270
Jack DUCKER………………………………................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial Jack Ducker
On Church Memorial board Jack Ducker
CWGC No obvious match
Norlink No archive items.
Possibles
E J Ducker www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=205757
1901 Census The 1901 Census has a year old William J, living at Pound Road, Aylsham, the town of his birth. William father is James is 39, and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Aylsham. His mother is Letitia, (aged 38 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Ann G S, (aged 9), Marriott W G, (aged 1), Mildred, (aged 17), Rena Des (aged 12), Thomas E, (aged 14 and Cowboy on Farm), and Edward J (aged 4)
(E) James DUCKER………………………………......................(RoH)
Private 40204. 9th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Wednesday 18 October 1916. Born Aylsham. Enlisted East Dereham. Buried: BANCOURT BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. VII. B. 9.
On Churchyard War Memorial James Ducker
On Church Memorial board James Ducker
CWGC No obvious match
Norlink No archive items.
Possibles
E J Ducker www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=205757
1901 Census The 1901 Census has a 4 year old Edward J, living at Pound Road, Aylsham, the town of his birth. It is mere speculation that the middle initial stands for James, however that is Edward’s fathers name. James is 39, and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Aylsham. His mother is Letitia, (aged 38 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Ann G S, (aged 9), Marriott W G, (aged 1), Mildred, (aged 17), Rena Des (aged 12), Thomas E, (aged 14 and Cowboy on Farm), and William J (aged 7)
On the Day Wednesday 18th October 1916.
Gueudecourt
9th Bn, Norfolk Regt (6th Div) captured the north western part of Mild Trench and held it against a German attack at nightfall.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=9058&p...
Thomas Edmund DUCKER……………………………….............(RoH)
Private 40205. 9th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Wednesday 18 October 1916. Age 29. Enlisted East Dereham. Husband of Ellen Ducker, of Fox Loke, Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: BANCOURT BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. VII. B. 10.
On Churchyard War Memorial T E Ducker
On Church Memorial board T E Ducker
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=205758
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 1901 Census has a 14 year old Thomas E, living at Pound Road, Aylsham, the town of his birth and employed as a Cow Boy on Farm. Thomas’s father, James is 39, and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Aylsham. His mother is Letitia, (aged 38 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Ann G S, (aged 9), Marriott W G, (aged 1), Mildred, (aged 17), Rena Des (aged 12), Edward J, (aged 4), and William J (aged 7)
On the Day Wednesday 18th October 1916.
Gueudecourt
9th Bn, Norfolk Regt (6th Div) captured the north western part of Mild Trench and held it against a German attack at nightfall.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=9058&p...
Henry C DYBALL………………………………..........................(RoH)
(There is a picture of Henry on the RoH site)
Private 3/10016. 1st Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Friday 18 June 1915. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Fulham, Surrey. Commemorated: PERTH CEMETERY (CHINA WALL), Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Sp. Mem. A. 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial H C Dyball
On Church Memorial board H C Dyball
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=103282
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 19 year old Henry, born Aylsham, appears to be a Private in an Infantry Regiment, stationed at Britannia Barracks, Norwich. This would probably be the Norfolk Regiment.
On the 1891 Census , Henry was living at Cromer Road, Aylsham with his parents John, (age 52 and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer) and Harriet (tbc - poor quality reproduction),
On the Day No details known.
Edward DYBALL………………………………..........................(RoH)
Gunner RMA/12824. Royal Marine Artillery. Died Thursday 7 November 1918. Age 24. Son of Charles and Evelyn Dyball, of Cawston Rd., Aylsham. Buried: AYLSHAM CEMETERY, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Ref. H. 72.
On Churchyard War Memorial E Dyball
On Church Memorial board E Dyball
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802301
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 6 year old Edward is living at Gas House Hill, Aylsham, having been born at Burgh. His parents are Charles, (age 41 and a Groom\Gardener from Burgh), Eveline, (aged 40 and from Brampton). Their other children are Eveline A, (aged 21, born Brampton), Frederick, (aged 15 and a Grocers Porter, born Burgh), and Sidney, (aged 1, born Aylsham). Living with them is also a Grand-daughter, Gladys, (aged u/1 and born North Walsham)
On the Day No details known.
William DYBALL………………………………...........................(RoH)
(There is a picture of William on the RoH site)
Leading Seaman 208734. (RFR/CH/B/10521). H.M.S. "Hawke., Royal Navy. Died Thursday 15 October 1914. Age 30. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dyball, of Cawston Rd., Aylsham; husband of Annie Rosetta Dyball, of Millgate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: CHATHAM NAVAL MEMORIAL, Kent, United Kingdom. Panel 1.
Special note: HMS Hawke was a cruiser launched in 1891. she was one of the oldest ships in the Royal Navy at the outbreak of World War 1. On the 15th October 1914 while sailing in the North Sea some 60 miles off the coast of Scotland, she was struck by a torpedo fired from German submarine U.9. and sunk almost immediately. 52 men managed to get into the lifeboat, but the remaining 544 of the crew perished. U.9 under the command of Otto Weddingen was responsible for sinking Royal Navy ships Cressey, Hogue and Aboukir about a month earlier.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Dyball
On Church Memorial board W Dyball
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=3048892
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match - but on the 1891 Census, the 6 year old William can be found at Aylsham Road, Burgh. His parents are Charles, (aged 31 and an Agricultural Labourer) and Eveline, (Aged 30) - see Edward above for more details from the 1901 Census.
On the Day
www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/hms_hawke.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Hawke_(1891)
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t...
century.guardian.co.uk/1910-1919/Story/0,,126442,00.html
William George FIELD………………………………...........................(RoH)
Private 240213. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Friday 2 November 1917. Born and enlisted Aylsham. Commemorated: JERUSALEM MEMORIAL, Israel. Panels 12 to 15.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Field
On Church Memorial board W Field
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1645154
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 5 year old William Field living at Burgh Road, Aylsham. His parents are Uriah, (a 46 year old Monumental Mason from Kennington, London), and Mary A, (43 and from Erpingham). Their other children are Bessie, (aged 13), John, (aged 23 and a Boot Maker), and Lucie, (aged 9). All the children were born at Aylsham.
On the DayThird Battle of Gaza
The first action at Gaza took place before dawn on 2 November when the 161st and 162nd Brigades of the 54th Division attacked the Turkish trench system in the sand dunes between Gaza and the sea. On this occasion it was a night attack by well prepared troops with overwhelming artillery support and armoured (six tanks). The British infantry advanced about 2 miles on a 5,000 yard front and held their gains against repeated Turkish counter-attacks. Casualty figures were heavy for both sides but this time favoured the British.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza
Sydney FISHER………………………………................................(RoH)
Serjeant 26131. 39th Bn., Machine Gun Corps (Inf). Formerly 18982 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Monday 25 March 1918 in France & Flanders. Born Buxton. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: POZIERES MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Panel 90 to 93.
On Churchyard War Memorial S Fisher
On Church Memorial board S Fisher
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1580862
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 14 year old Sydney, born Buxton, is now living at Cawston Road, Aylsham and employed as an errand boy. He is living with his Uncle, William Randell, and his wife Lydia and the rest of their family. On the 1891 Census he is living at Lodge Farm, Mill Street, Buxton. His father Thomas, aged 50, appears to be some kind of Bailiff, and was originally from Scottow. His mother Matilda, is 42 and from Cawston. Their other children are William, (aged 14 and an Agricultural Labourer) and Mabel, (aged 5).
On the Day The 39th Battalion, like many other units, would have been heavily engaged resisting the German Spring Offensive.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Offensive
Francis Henry FROSTICK………………………………...............(RoH)
Able Seaman R/543. Hawke Bn. R.N. Div., Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. Died Tuesday 24 April 1917. Age 26. Son of James and Emily Frostick, of Hungate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: ARRAS MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Bay 1
On Churchyard War Memorial F H Frostick
On Church Memorial board F H Frostick
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1557805
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a Frank Frostick,on the census, aged 11 and living at the Cottages by the Mill, Oxnead. Frank was born at Aylsham. His parents are James, (aged 46 and a Cattleman on Farm from Banningham), and Emily, (aged 45 and from Skeyton). Their other children are Elsie, (aged 3, born Oxnead), Frederick, (aged 7, born Aylsham), and William, (aged 15 and a Bricklayers Labourer, born Heigham).
On the DayWESTERN FRONT
9 April-15 May Battle of Arras, including
23-24 April Second Battle of the Scarpe (Second phase of Arras Offensive), 63rd (RN) Division captured Gavrelle
The attack on Gavrelle was commenced on 23 April and was carried out by the 189th and 190th Brigades. At 4.45 a.m. Nelson and Drake battalions went over the top under cover of an artillery barrage. The first line of German trenches was quickly taken, and an hour later the attack was ceased at the edge of the village.
The artillery barrage was relocated across the village, which was reduced to rubble. Other battalions from the brigade were moved forward. House to house fighting led to the taking of Gavrelle, at the cost of 1,500 casualties.
Virtually all the remaining reservists of the original Royal Naval Division lost their lives at Gavrelle. They were the veterans who had survived the fighting at Gallipoli and at the Ancre.
www.wereldoorlog1418.nl/RND-Royal-Naval-Division/index.html
www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1917-04Apr.htm
H J GIBBONS……………………………….............................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial H J Gibbons
On Church Memorial board H J Gibbons
CWGC
Possibly H J East Surrey Regiment died 1916
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=576007
Or Henry John, Royal Lancaster Regiment, died 1918
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=301567
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 14 year old Henry G, born Aylsham, and now employed as an Errand Boy at Chemist, living at 9 West Street, Cromer. His mother Alice M M, (age 36 and from Colby) has re-married, and so Henry is living with his step-father, James Norgate, a 32 year old Corn Porter from North Walsham).
William GILES………………………………............................(RoH)
Private 51361. 2nd Bn., Manchester Regiment. Killed in action Friday 19 April 1918 in France & Flanders. Age 27. Born Skeyton. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of William and Annie Giles, of Woodgate Cottages, Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: QUESNOY FARM MILITARY CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. C. 7.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Giles
On Church Memorial board W Giles
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=590871
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is an 8 year old “Willie” Giles, living at North Walsham Road, Skeyton, the village of his birth. Willie’s parents are William, (aged 35 and a Cattle Feeder on Farm from Scottow), and Annie, (aged 38 and from Scottow). Their other children are Alice, (aged 5, born Sketon), George, (aged 12, born Oxnead), John, (aged 9, born Swanton Abbott), Martha, (aged 13, born Swanton Abbott), and Sidney, (aged 2, born Skeyton).
On the day April 1918
Ayette attacked and carried. Batt was in the front line until the 25th 14 KIA, 87 wounded, 16 gassed, 1 missing.25th withdrawn to Barly
www.themanchesters.org/2nd batt.htm
Clare Horsley GOULDER……………………………….............(RoH)
Corporal 13146. 8th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Tuesday 31 October 1916. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: AYLSHAM CEMETERY, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Ref. B. 77.
On Churchyard War Memorial C H Goulder
On Church Memorial board C H Goulder
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802302
Norlink No archive items.
There is a memorial to all the Goulder boys who died in the Great War in Aylsham Cemetery. Clare is listed as having been wounded on the Somme on the 1st July 1916, and subsequently dying in Hospital on the 31st October 1916. He was born on the 14th January 1892.
1901 Census The 9 year old Clare H is recorded at Pound Lane, Aylsham. His parents are John, (aged 56 and a Farmer and Manure Agent from Wramplingham), and Mary, (aged 52 and from Stretford, Lancashire). Their other children are Colin Chas, (aged 11), Frances M, (aged 12), John Lee, (aged 17), and Sybil M, (aged 19). The Goulders have two live in servants.
John Lee GOULDER………………………………................(RoH)
(There is a picture of John on the RoH website)
Serjeant 2179. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 21 August 1915. Born and enlisted Aylsham. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
On Churchyard War Memorial J L Goulder
On Church Memorial board J L Goulder
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=693690
Norlink No archive items.
There is a memorial to all the Goulder boys who died in the Great War in Aylsham Cemetery. John Lee is listed as having died in action at Suvla. He was born the 16th April 1883.
1901 Census The 17 year old John Lee is recorded at Pound Lane, Aylsham. His parents are John, (aged 56 and a Farmer and Manure Agent from Wramplingham), and Mary, (aged 52 and from Stretford, Lancashire). Their other children are Colin Chas, (aged 11), Frances M, (aged 12), Clare H, (aged 9), and Sybil M, (aged 19). The Goulders have two live in servants.
On the Day 21st August 1915
Having lost over 200 men from the battalion shortly before this on the 12th, the battalion was to lose at least another 36 on this day.
Robert Christopher GOULDER………………………………..(RoH)
Lance Corporal 13188. 8th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 1 July 1916. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board R C Goulder
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=786636
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census A 14 year old Robert Goulder, born Aylsham, is recorded as a Boarder at a Private Grammer School in Banham, Norfolk. Ten years earlier, the same individual is now listed as Robert C. and is living at Cromer Road, Aylsham with his parents John and Mary - see family details recorded for Clare and John Lee. The only additional child listed appears to be a Humphrey W, (aged 6 in 1891, born Aylsham)
On the Day The 6th Battalion, Royal Berks went over the top alongside the 8th Norfolks on the first day of the Somme. The story of what happened to the two units can be read here,
www.6throyalberks.co.uk/1stJuly/default.html
The 8th Battalion as part of the 18th (Eastern) Division was present on the first day of the Battle of the Somme on 1 July 1916. They got beyond their initial target and had by 5.00pm reached the German trenches known as "Montauban Alley". Over one hundred men and three officers had been killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norfolk_Regiment
Arthur Robert HALL………………………………..........................(RoH)
Sapper 230925. 130th Field Coy., Royal Engineers. Died Friday 18 October 1918. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Buried: ST. SEVER CEMETERY EXTENSION, ROUEN, Seine-Maritime, France. Ref. S. II. J 9.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board A Hall
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=518028
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 14 year old Arthur, born Aylsham, employed as a Stonemason, and currently residing at Millgate, Aylsham. His parents are Charles, (aged 48 and a Stone Mason from Cossey, Norfolk), and Susanna, (aged 47 and from Burgh). Their other children are Ada, (aged 25 and a Drapers Assistant), Alfred, (aged 17 and a Grocers Assistant), Bessie, (aged 18 and a Drapers Assistant), Frank, (aged 7), and Harry, (aged 11).
Arthur James HORNE………………………………......................(RoH)
[C.D. Gives surname as HOME.] Private 27389. 6th Bn., Somerset Light Infantry. Formerly G/37364 Royal Fusiliers. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Saturday 3 November 1917. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Husband of Mrs. L. Farrow (formerly Horne), of Footpath House, Swanton Abbott, Norwich, Norfolk. Commemorated: TYNE COT MEMORIAL , Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 41 to 42 and 163A.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board A J Horne
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=837244
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 12 year old Arthur J, employed as an Errand Boy\Porter, is recorded at Woodgate Cottage, Aylsham. His parents are Johnathan, (aged 39 and a Team Man on farm from Foulsham), and Mary Ann, (age 40 and from Norwich). Their other children are Bertie S, (aged 1), Gladys F, (aged 3), and Walter S, (aged 7). Also living with them are Johnathan’s father, James, (aged 82 and from Saxthorpe, on Parish Poor Relief).
Eric HORNER………………………………..................................(RoH)
(There is a picture of Eric on the RoH website)
Lance Corporal 11376. 6th Bn., Yorkshire Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 21 August 1915. Born Aylsham. Enlisted South Shields. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 55 to 58.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board E Horner
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=691984
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 9 year old Eric is resident at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Frederick J, (aged 37 and a Blacksmith from Calthorpe), and Eliza, (aged 37 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Cora, (aged 12), Ella, (aged 12), Hilda, (aged 4), Leonard, (aged 11), and Raymond, (aged 7).
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=124...
On the Day The Yorkshires were involved in the costly Battle of Scimitar Hill and the attack on “W” Hills on this day.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Scimitar_Hill
www.firstworldwar.com/battles/scimitarhill.htm
G HUNT……………………………….........................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board G Hunt
CWGC
Possibly George Lewis aged 18 of the 1st/5th Duke of Wellingtons (West Riding) Regiment. His parents are shown as residing at Neatishead.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=794393
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census Possibilities are:-
George, (aged 2), living at Hungate Street, Aylsham. Parents Arthur, (32, Agricultural Labourer), Alice (33, born Fritton) - other children Arthur W. (6), and Florence C (4).
George, (aged 16 - Cattle Man on Farm), living at Mucklands, Aylsham..Mother Elizabeth, (aged 39 and a Widow from Barningham Parva) - other children Bertie, (aged 12), Daisy, (aged 10), Lily, (aged 8), and Sidney, (aged 14 and a Baker).
(Charles) Frederick KNIGHTS……………………………….........(RoH)
Private 127984. 34th Coy., Machine Gun Corps (Inf). Formerly 35348 East Surrey Regiment. Killed in action Thursday 11 April 1918 in France & Flanders. Born Northrepps. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Son of Fredrick Charles Knights. Commemorated: PLOEGSTEERT MEMORIAL, Comines-Warneton, Hainaut, Belgium. Panel 11.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board F Knights
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=869316
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 2 year old Frederick Knights living at Norwich Road, Aylsham who was born at Southrepps. He is living with his Grand-Parents Frederick, (aged 50 and a Railway Porter from Diss), and Alice, (aged 40 and from Wells, Norfolk). The children of Frederick and Alice are Adeline, (aged 14), Anne, (aged 19), Bertie G, (aged 5), Edith, (aged 11), and Sidney, (aged 9).
C LEE………………………………............................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial Looks more like G Lee but carving not in common with other C’s or G’s
On Church Memorial board C Lee
CWGC
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 9 year old Charles H Lee, born Cawston and now living at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Herbert Wm, (aged 31 and a Farm Bailiff from Cawston), and Elizabeth, (aged 31 and also from Cawston). Their other children are Sidney S., (aged 4, born Cawston), Valentine E. (aged 2, born Aylsham) and Walter W. (aged 7, born Cawston).
This points us to a possible match on the CWGC database - Charles Herbert Lee who was 26 when he died on the 14/11/1918. His wife had re-married, and was now living at Aldborough, but Charles is buried in the Churchyard of St Giles, Colby, Norfolk. Charles is on the Colby War Memorial. He had served as a Pioneer in the Royal Engineers.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802318
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Colby.html
If they are all the same individual, then Charles is probably the brother of the Sydney listed below.
Sydney Samuel LEE………………………………......................(RoH)
Private 22202. 2nd Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Sunday 7 January 1917. Age 20. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Hubert William and Elizabeth Lee, of Beer House Farm, Cawston, Norfolk. Commemorated: KIRKEE 1914-1918 MEMORIAL, India. Face C.
On Churchyard War Memorial S Lee
On Church Memorial board S Lee
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1481525
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 4 year old Sidney S Lee, born Cawston and now living at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Herbert Wm, (aged 31 and a Farm Bailiff from Cawston), and Elizabeth, (aged 31 and also from Cawston). Their other children are Charles H., (aged 9, born Cawston), Valentine E. (aged 2, born Aylsham) and Walter W. (aged 7, born Cawston).
(Frank) Sydney LEMAN………………………………................(RoH)
Private 40900. 11th Bn., Essex Regiment. Formerly 32927 Suffolk Regiment. Died of wounds Saturday 23 March 1918 in France & Flanders. Age 35. Born Kelling. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Buried: DERNANCOURT COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION, Somme, France. Ref. III. J. 46.
On Churchyard War Memorial S Leman
On Church Memorial board S Leman
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=37479
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No apparent match. On the 1891 Census, the 9 year old Frank, having been born at Kelling was by now living at The Street, (Possibly Kelling or Erpingham - original is a poor quality scan). His parents are John Leman, (aged 31 and an Agricultural Labourer, place of birth illegible on the Genes Re-united site - possibly Erpingham) and Jane, (aged 30 and probably from Kelling). I believe the other children are Jane, Agnes, Stuart and Arthur, but I shall roll my eyes next time I hear someone waffle on about how standards of hand-writing used to be so much better in Victorian times J
On the DayThe 11th Essex had been heavily engaged in holding back the German onslaught of their 1918 Spring Offensive which had commenced on the 21st.
www.gutenberg.org/files/20115/20115-h/20115-h.htm#page044
Private Leman may well have picked up his fatal wounds during this time.
B MARSHALL……………………………….....................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial B Marshall
On Church Memorial board B Marshall
CWGC
Possibly Bertie Walter, aged 22, of the 35th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps, who died 30/11/1917. Bertie’s parents (James & Laura) are recorded as living at Stafford Street, Norwich.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=554906
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match for any B Marshall and no obvious Marshall connection with Aylsham.
Frederick MOY………………………………..................................(RoH)
Private 240040. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Thursday 19 April 1917. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Millgate, Higham, Norfolk. Buried: GAZA WAR CEMETERY, Israel. Ref. XXII. G. 5.
On Churchyard War Memorial F Moy
On Church Memorial board F Moy
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=650910
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match on the 1901 or 1891 Censuses. There are two Moy familys, both with numerous sons, and Aylsham connections - one having subsequently moved to Old Buckenham, but there is not even a middle initial F. on any of them.
On the Day 19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
More than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
William NORTON………………………………...............................(RoH)
Private 41117. 7th Bn., The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt.) attd. 288th Coy., Royal Engineers. Died Saturday 17 March 1917. Age 41. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. Norton, of Aylsham; husband of S. E. Norton, of Pound Rd., Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: WARLINCOURT HALTE BRITISH CEMETERY, SAULTY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. V. E. 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Norton
On Church Memorial board W Norton
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=91524
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 25 year old William, born Aylsham, is employed as a Domestic Gardener and is living on Hungate Street, Aylsham with his widowed mother Esther, (aged 48 and born Edgefield). Also living with them are William’s brothers Albert, (aged 15 and a Cattle Feeder on Farm), Augustus, (aged 12) and Frederick, (aged 9).
J C PAYNE……………………………….........................................(RoH)
[No record on CD.] Private T/254791. Army Service Corps. Died Thursday 20 December 1917. Age 35. Buried: AYLSHAM CEMETERY, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Ref. G. 70.
On Churchyard War Memorial J C Payne
On Church Memorial board J C Payne
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802303
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 1901 Census has a 17 year old James C, born Aylsham and employed as a Bricklayers Labourer. He is living at Drabblegate, Aylsham with his parents William, (aged 44 and a Bricklayer), and Sophia, (aged 40). Their other children are Blanch, (aged 10), Eliza, (aged 13), Ethel S, (aged 8), Frederick H, (aged 19 and a Gardener, (not Domestic)), Harry E. (aged 7), Katie (aged 6), and William, (aged 4).
Frederick PEGG……………………………….............................(RoH)
Corporal 12967. 7th Bn., Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action Wednesday 27 March 1918. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Lowestoft. Commemorated: POZIERES MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Panel 25
On Churchyard War Memorial F Pegg
On Church Memorial board F Pegg
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1586611
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 14 year old Frederick, born Aylsham, is living on Hungate Street and employed as an Errand Boy. His parents are Alfred Charles, (a 47 year old Carpenter from Heydon), and Clara, (47 and from Wood Dalling). Their other children are Benjamin A, (aged 15 and a Newspaper Boy), Caroline E, (aged 22), Francis H, (aged 13), Marshall A, (aged 20 and a Bricklayers Labourer), and Stephen S.A. (aged 11).
On the dayThe 7th Suffolks were involved in the fighting retreat that was gradually bringing the German Spring Offensive to a halt before Albert.
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=111...
W J PITCHER………………………………...............................(RoH)
Possibly: Wilfred Pitcher. Private 240948. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died in Palestine on Thursday 19 April 1917. Enlisted East Dereham. Buried: GAZA WAR CEMETERY, Israel. Ref. XXIII. D. 10.
On Churchyard War Memorial W J Pitcher
On Church Memorial board W J Pitcher
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=651074
Norlink No archive items.
There is a memorial to Wilfred’s father Elliot who died in 1934 in Aylsham cemetery. This also lists a son Wilfred John who fell in action in Egypt, 19th April 1917.Elliot’s wife, (and presumably Wilfred’s mother) is listed as Alice Mary.
1901 Census The 1 year old Wilfred, born Aldborough, is living Near the Green, Aldborough. His parents are Elliott, (aged 25 and a Domestic Gardener) and Alice, (aged 22 and from Saxthorpe). Wilfred has a brother George, (aged under 1).
On the dayMore than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
To the right (west) of Tank Redoubt, the 3rd Camel Battalion, advancing in the gap between two redoubts, actually made the furthest advance of the battle, crossing the Gaza-Beersheba Road and occupying a pair of low hills (dubbed "Jack" and "Jill"). As the advances on their flanks faltered, the "Camels" were forced to retreat to avoid being isolated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
E J PRESTON………………………………................................(RoH)
Possibly: Ernest James Preston. Gunner 906467. 337th Bde., Royal Field Artillery. Died in Mesopotamia on Monday 28 October 1918. (CD gives date as 25 October 1918). Lived and enlisted Norwich. Buried: BASRA WAR CEMETERY, Iraq. Ref. I. S. 3.
On Churchyard War Memorial E J Preston
On Church Memorial board E J Preston
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=631320
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 4 year old Ernest J is living at Buxton Road, Aylsham, the town of his birth. His parents are Leonard J, (34 and a Road Surveyor from Hevingham), and Louisa E, (aged 30 and from Highfield, Sussex). The Prestons also have a daughter, Florence M, aged 1. Although I only have access to the high-level search on the 1911 census, Ernest is still recorded in the District of Aylsham. I can only assume he either moved to Norwich to seek work or that the Ernest James on the RoH site is a different individual.
C RISEBOROUGH……………………………….........................(RoH)
Possibly either: Charles Riseborough. Gunner 98474. Guards Div. H.Q., Royal Field Artillery. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Sunday 3 October 1915. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: FOSSE 7 MILITARY CEMETERY, MAZINGARBE, Pas de Calais, France
*****WORSTEAD************************
With acknowledgment to the Roll of Honour Website: www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Worstead.html
(Referred to as RoH below)
Albert George BRAKENBURY………………………………...(RoH)
(George Albert on CWGC & CD). Private 240279. 1st/5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in Palestine on 19th April 1917. Born Worstead. Enlisted East Dereham. Buried: Gaza War Cemetery, Israel. Ref. XXX. G. 8.
CWGC: www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=649536
No match on Norlink
The 7 year old Albert, born Dilham, is recorded on the 1901 census at Spa Common, North Walsham. This is the household of his parents, Frank, (aged 32 and a Waterman\Wherryman from North Walsham) and Charlotte, (aged 33 and from Worstead).
19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
To the right (west) of Tank Redoubt, the 3rd Camel Battalion, advancing in the gap between two redoubts, actually made the furthest advance of the battle, crossing the Gaza-Beersheba Road and occupying a pair of low hills (dubbed "Jack" and "Jill"). As the advances on their flanks faltered, the "Camels" were forced to retreat to avoid being isolated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
More than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
After Gallipoli the battalion was to take part in the campaigns in the Middle East against the Turks and by 28 Feb 1917 allied cavalry had entered Khan Yunis, a town midway between the Egyptian border and Deir el Belah. This caused the Turks to withdraw to Beersheba and Gaza and enabled the allies to push up a railway as far as Deir el Belah which could feed the allies with much needed supplies for the next push. Field hospitals were also set up here to tend wounded and sick soldiers and an airbase established.
On 19th April the Norfolks took part in a disastrous attempt to take Gaza. In this action casualties for the (1st/4th) battalion were 478 (55 killed, 323 wounded and 100 missing).
The battalion’s sister unit, 1/5th Norfolks, also took part in the assault and they fared even worse, suffering 643 casualties.
www.oldbuckenham-pri.norfolk.procms.co.uk/pages/viewpage....
Following the failure of the first two attacks by mounted forces to flank the city, it became obvious to the Turks and their German advisers that the next attack would be likely to be an infantry one, centred on taking Gaza itself.
Although inferior in numbers, the German aircraft available were technically superior to the Allied craft, and were able to carry our reconnaissance almost at will, and carry out harassing raids on the Allied build up.
To protect the city, the Turkish forces were set to digging, and more guns were brought up. Except to the north, the city was soon surrounded by a series of redoubts, intended to ensure that the Beersheba road remained open.
And so the race was on - to build up military superiority, (in terms of numbers the Allies utnumbered the Turks 2:1, but weren’t aware of it), would give the Turks time to make their defences almost impregnable. And in the eyes of the Allied Commanders in the field, Murray, Dobell and Robertson, the earlier assaults had come within a whisker of success. So in their eyes there was no time to extend the water pipeline, or build up supplies.
(Page 43)The plan also grew in size, as the Turkish construction out-paced the Allies ability to bring troops to the front. The initial plans, a two division attack, a mounted break-through along the shore-line, had to be abandoned. The generals settled on a three division attack, with the 54th (East Anglian) being allotted the eastern sector, furthest from the coast, most beset with supply troubles, and
tasked with taking the first part of the Beersheba Road line.
Further to their east was the Camel Corps and the rest of the cavalry, serving as a flank guard, but ready to sweep through any opening .
The first stage of the attack came on the 17th April. The three infantry divisions moved forward at dawn, and by 7.30 am were at their chosen positions, where they entrenched. The Turks did little to interfere, though one of the British tanks exposed itself unnecessarily and was put out of action by accurate Turkish artillery fire. Clearly one of the tasks which had been successfully accomplished by the Turkish side in the three weeks since the first battle had been accurate artillery registry of all the visible places in the area where necessarily an attack would come.
(Page 45)The second stage of the attack, after a days work on trenches and dug-outs, went as might be expected, considering it was made by soldiers walking over open ground towards well entrenched and protected men armed with rifles and machine guns. An artillery bombardment of an hour or so, including the gas shells, and including fire from the ships at sea off Gaza, seems to have woken up the Turks rather than intimidated them - there was still insufficient British artillery to provide a really serious bombardment. The Turks did not actually notice the gas shells: higher air temperature seems to have encouraged rapid evaporation.
The 54th Division set-off behind this bombardment to attack the entrenchments of the Turkish 53rd Division along the Beersheba Road.
(Page 49) From Brigade HQ, Lieutenant Buxton was sent forward to find out what was happening.
(Page 50) (He subsequently reported on the attack on the redoubt) “held it for some time until the ammunition was spent. No support came and so those that did not get away, sixty in all, were captured in the Turkish counter-attack. My second tank, under Captain Carr, had done well in getting into the redoubt. The first tank had had a direct hit and was burning. It was obvious that our attack here had failed and most of our men had been killed. So I waited a bit longer, and when things were a shade quieter, I got out of my shell hole and ran back over the rise. There I came upon about 40 men of our brigade of all regiments, Major Marsh who was O C 8th Hants was there and Lieutenant Wharton of the 4th Norfolks. These men where just stragglers and all collected there. We decided it was no good going on then, so we started to dig ourselves in. This was all quite early in the morning - about 9. Marsh had a telephone line so I phoned back to Brigade HQ and gave them all the news.
(Page 51). There were a lot of dead men and wounded all round us. Some of the latter we got behind our lines, in case the Turks tried a counter -attack, We were about forty men and one Lewis Gun, and no-one on our left or right for several hundred yards. The place we were holding was the top of a rounded hillock. The Turks kept us under pretty good machine gun fire all day. Marsh and I lay in a rifle pit and ate dates and biscuits for a bit. We allowed no firing, as we wished to keep our ammunition in case of a counter attack.
About 4 in the afternoon the 5th Suffolks were sent up to support us and consolidate the position we held. This was really a great relief. About seven the Brigadier came out after dusk and saw the place. He ordered us to retire during the night right back to our starting point, for it would not have been possible to hold this advanced position as long as there was no-one on our flanks at all”
The strongpoint from now on was called Tank Redoubt.
This was an attack on a single strongpoint and a strectch of trenches little over a mile long, by four battalions. It had made no progress after being expelled from the strongpoint, and had only reached so far because of the bravery of the tank crew, (three men). The last reserve of the 163rd Brigade, the 5th Suffolks, which was at last sent forward, as Buxton noted with relief, late in the afternoon. With no more troops available, the brigadier had no option but to pull all the survivors back.
Extracts from “The Battle for Palestine 1917” by John D. Grainger
books.google.co.uk/books?id=3SVvryoR2A0C&pg=PA50&...
Ernest Alfred BRAKENBURY………………………………..........(RoH)
Private 28976. 8th Battalion Bedfordshire Regiment. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 13th January 1917. Aged 35. Born North Walsham. Lived Worstead. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Alfred and Annie Brakenbury, of Briggate, Worstead, Norwich. Buried: Boulogne Eastern Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. VIII. C. 178.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=48820
No match on Norlink
The 20 year old Ernest, born Briggate, Worstead, is recorded as a boarder at Briggate House, Briggate, Worstead, He is employed as a Cowman on Farm. On the 1891 census the 9 year old Ernest is recorded at “Bridgegate” Worstead, His birthplace this time is shown as North Walsham. This is the household of his parents, Alfred, (aged 34 and a Miller from Worstead), and Annie, (aged 32 and from Crostwright). Their other children are:-
Violet………………….aged 11.…………born North Walsham
Arthur…………………aged 7.…………..born North Walsham
Willie…………………aged 6.…………..born North Walsham
Edwin…………………aged 3.…………..born North Walsham
www.twgpp.org/information.php?id=2544761
Looking at the 8th Battalion diary, they hadn’t suffered any casualties since the 19th December - however Boulogne was one of the main hospital area’s where front-line casualties would have been fed back to, so possibly connected.
18 Dec 1916 front line trenches near Givenchy-les-la-Bassee Relieved 1/The Buffs in left subsector GIVENCHY. Enemy trench mortars active from 12.30 pm to 1.30 pm. Damage done to our trenches and saps considerable but no casualties. Night quiet. Enemy heard busy pumping and transport heard at 12.25 am and again at 2.30 a.m.
19 Dec 1916 In trenches as above. Enemy non-aggressive except for short trench mortar bombardment & rifle grenades. Casualties 1 OR killed, 2 OR wounded.
Herbert CARY……………………………….............................(RoH)
Private 41030. 2nd Battalion Essex Regiment. Formerly 20908 Norfolk Regiment. Died at home on 3rd January 1917. Aged 34. Born Reymerstone, Norfolk. Lived Lyngate, Norfolk. Son of Louis and Rebecca Cary; husband of Florence Louisa Cary, of "Lyngate, Worstead. Buried: Worstead (St. Mary) Churchyard. North of West end of church.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2803440
No match on Norlink
The Genes Reunited transcript of the 1911 Census for England and Wales has a Herbert Cary, born circa 1882 Reymerstone Norfolk and now recorded in the Smallburgh, Norfolk district.. However, this individual does not appear to be on the 1901 census.
Herbert was baptized in the church of St Peter, Reymerston on the 7th May 1882 – no birth date is given. His father is listed as Louis, whose occupation is given as farmer, and his mother is Rebecca.
The same parents had a son, Louis baptized on the 7th September 1884, as well as Charles, (baptized 1st February 1887), Bernard, (baptized 19th October 1890)and Percy, (baptized 14th April 1895)
The 2nd Essex had been in France since August 1914, although by this stage there would have been very few, if any, of the pre-war professional soldiers still in its ranks.
www.flickr.com/photos/43688219@N00/5405512339/
Herbert John COOPER………………………………...................(RoH)
Private 17050. "A Company, 8th Battalion Norfolk Regiment . Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 28th July 1916. Aged 23. Born Briggate. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Sarah and the late John Cooper, of Briggate, Worstead, Norfolk. Buried: La Neuville British Cemetery, Corbie, Somme, France. Ref. I. E. 17.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=66672
No match on Norlink
Herbert is just listed as John Cooper on the 1901 census. He is aged 7, born Worstead, and living at Briggate, Worstead. This is the household of his parents, , although its his mother Sarah, (aged 38 and from Worstead) who is listed as the head of the household. Her other children are:-
Anna……………aged 10.……………born Worstead
Cyril…………..aged 3 months……….born Worstead
George………….aged 12.…………..born Worstead…Ordinary Agricultural Labourer
Gladys………….aged 3.……………born Worstead
Robert………….aged 15.…………..born Worstead….Ordinary Agricultural Labourer
There is a Herbert John, born circa 1894 Worstead on the Genes Reunited transcription of the 1911 census, who is still recorded in the Smallburgh District which covers the village.
Sarah and the older children don’t appear to be on the 1891 census at all.
The 8th Battalion had been involved both on the first day of the Somme, (1st July), but also in an action at Delville Wood, 19th to 23rd July. In both actions the unit suffered a large number of casualties - the Battalion War diary records that the action at Delville Wood on the 19th / 20th alone cost the Battalion:-
3 Officers killed and 8 wounded
76 O.R’s killed, 2 Died of Wounds, 174 wounded, 36 missing.
Armine DAVISON M.M………………………………..................(RoH)
Corporal 12345. 11th Battalion Sherwood Foresters (Notts and Derby Regiment). Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th June 1918. Born and lived Worstead. Enlisted Nottingham. Awarded the Military Medal. (MM not mentioned on CD). Buried: Granezza British Cemetery, Italy. Ref. Plot 1. Row B. Grave 4.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=638768
No match on Norlink
The 7 year old Armine, born Worstead, is recorded on the 1901 census at Church Plain, Worstead. This is the household of his parents, Austin, (aged 32 and a General Storekeeper from Westwick), and Florence, (aged 27 from Worstead), The household is made up by May Watts, who is probably Florence’s sister. Her relationship to Austin as the head of the household is described as Sister in Law. May is 17, from Worstead and single, and works as a School Teacher.
One of the most memorable literary traditions of the Great War involves the post-war pilgrimage of V.A.D. Nurse and author Vera Brittain to the grave of her brother Edward on the Asiago Plateau, described in Testament of Youth.
He had been killed in the very battle the Francis Mackay so clearly describes in the excellent new addition to the Battleground Europe series, Asiago.
This excerpt includes selections on both the assault which led to Edward's death and information on his subsequent internment. This took place around what is know alternatively as the Battle of Asiago or Operation Radeztky, part of an even larger action known as the Battle of the Piave. We pick up Francis Mackay's description the evening of the battle.
The night of 14/15 June 1918 on the Asiago plateau was damp, with a thick mist forming in hollows and valleys. At 3 am precisely Allied observers in mountain-top OPs saw hundreds of signal flares burst into life above the enemy trenches. This was immediately followed by twinkling pin-points of light on the slopes behind as masses of light and medium guns, many dragged forward from the northern valleys during the night, opened fire. Behind the northern ridges sudden flashes revealed the presence of heavier artillery pieces: Operation Radetzky had begun.
The [preliminary] Austrian barrage fell mainly on the Allied front line, but signals centres, ammunition dumps and road junctions received attention. The Granezza and Carriola bases were hit, and some shells even whistled over the escarpment to upset staff in the foothill supply dumps. The bombardment lasted for over four hours, and was followed by a massive infantry attack, launched from assembly areas just forward of the Austrian wire. The initial objectives, in the French and British sectors, were Granezza and Carriola, and the edge of the escarpment
The 23rd Division (Major-General Sir James Babington), cover[ed] a front of about 5,500 metres, had 68 and 70 Brigades in the front line and 69 Brigade in reserve. The situation facing the division was complicated. It was holding the line in preparation for the Allied offensive. . . Yet at the same time the division had to prepare for a heavy enemy bombardment, if not an attack. In view of this, and in accordance with current defense doctrine, the front line was only lightly manned. Unfortunately all battalions were seriously under-strength, so the front line was very lightly manned indeed. Apart from the ravages of 'flu', many officers, NCOs and men were absent on leave or attending courses. . .
During the battle the division [would be] attacked by elements of three k.u.k. divisions…The front line was manned by five British battalions. It was briefly breached in two places, but the k.u.k. attackers were quickly evicted and suffered horrendous losses. . . The right front battalion [Edward Brittain's unit], holding the San Sisto Ridge, was 11/Sherwood Foresters, 'The Men from the Greenwood', (Lieutenant-Colonel CE Hudson, DSO MC), with a frontage of about 1,000 metres.
. . . The Battalion [had] occupied the San Sisto feature on 11 June, after a period in reserve. It was under-strength: only 19 out of 34 officers were in the line, while the two forward companies, A and D, each had less than a hundred all ranks to man around 900 metres of trench, and provide a platoon for night picquet and outpost duty. D Company was commanded by Captain EA Frith and A Company by Captain EH Brittain MC. . .
[The infantry assault began at 6:45 am on June 15th and several breeches were made in the British line.] A Company had suffered severe casualties from artillery fire and was trying to hold nearly eight hundred metres of the line with (probably) only fifty rifles; an impossible task even when they were reinforced by the picquet platoon. Brittain, by now apparently the only unwounded officer in the company, appeared on the scene, returning from consulting with the French. Rapidly organizing a counter-attack group, which included some French soldiers, he led an attack which forced the enemy back. Some jumped out of the trench and ran back towards others coming through the wire. These enemy troops went to ground and opened fire on the Foresters, as did machine-gunners and riflemen on both sides of the wire. Brittain re-organized the defense of the trench, forming a flank with what troops were available. He apparently paused to observe the enemy, and was killed, possibly sniped by an Austrian officer. . . On the Allied right the Italian line [had been] breached, and the enemy penetrated about two kilometres towards the escarpment. They were held, but it took five days of bitter fighting to restore the line. In the centre the French beat off a mass attack with only minor casualties. The British were also attacked and the front line breached in several places, but after some hard fighting it was restored. Radetzky failed, and, after some bitter fighting, so did Albrecht. Conrad and Boroevic lost their last battles and the k.u.k. lost its will to win.
[Among the British dead was] Captain Edward Harold Brittain [who] was the adored elder brother of Vera Brittain. When war broke out the Brittain family had been living in Buxton and Edward sought a commission in the county regiment. He joined the 1 1/Sherwood Foresters in France, was wounded on the first day of the Somme, and awarded the MC. In 1914 Vera had been an undergraduate at Oxford but became a VAD Nurse after her fiancé, Roland Leighton, was mortally wounded with the 1/7 Worcesters at Hébuterne in December 1915. After the war she wrote Testament of Youth, married and was the mother of former Labour Cabinet Minister Baroness Shirley Williams.
www.worldwar1.com/itafront/vbp.htm
Frederick DELF………………………………............................(RoH)
Serjeant 23/88. 1st Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 9th June 1918. Aged 23. Born North Walden, Northamptonshire. Enlisted Newcastle. Son of Daniel and Sophia Delf, of Worstead, Norwich. Buried: Pernes British Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. II. F. 48.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=118763
No match on Norlink
Neither Frederick, Daniel or Sophia appear to be on either the 1901 or 1911 censuses.
Pernes-en-Artois is a small town on the main road from Lillers to St. Pol. The British Cemetery is nearly one kilometre west of the town on the road to Sains-les-Pernes.
The cemetery was not begun until April 1918 when the 1st and 4th Canadian Casualty Clearing Stations came to Pernes, driven back by the German advance. In May, the 6th and 22nd Clearing Stations arrived and in August, they were joined by the 13th. Almost all the burials were made by these units, but a few of the graves were brought into the cemetery after the Armistice (Graves 2 to 13 in Plot VI, Row C, were brought from the small British Cemeteries of Anvin and Wavrans).
www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=11600&...
George Thurston GRIMES………………………………..................(RoH)
Private 28877. 7th Battalion Bedfordshire Regiment. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 25th October 1917. Aged 32. Born and lived Worstead. Enlisted Norwich. Son of William and Anna Grimes, of Fern Cottage, Worstead, Norwich. Buried: Dozinghem Military Cemetery, Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. X. D. 9.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=620816
No match on Norlink
The 16 year old George, born Worstead and already employed as a Cabinet Makers Apprentice, is recorded on the 1901 census living at Horning Row, Worstead, along with his brother Victor, (see below). This is the household of his parents, William, (aged 50 and a Teamster on Farm from Worstead), and Anna, (aged 47 and from Ingham). Their other son, Victor, aged 13 and born Worstead, is employed as a Domestic Gardener.
www.twgpp.org/information.php?id=1978974
From the battalion War Diary.
24-10-17 9 a.m. The Battalion embussed for Canal Bank, from whence it marched to Cane Trench. Dinners were served at Cane Trench and rations, water etc. served out to the men for a 48 hours tour in the trenches. In the evening the Battalion relieved the Royal Fusiliers in the line. The relief was completed in the early morning.
In the line 25-10-17 The Battalion held the line successfully. There was a great deal of shelling and incidentally our own guns fired very short.
www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/7thbn/7thbtn1917diary.html
(From the same source it should be noted the Battalion suffered a Gas attack on the 19th. However, it would be unlikely that Private Grimes would still have been so relatively close to the frontline 6 days later).
Victor Thurston GRIMES……………………………….................(RoH)
Private 18/754. 2nd Battalion Durham Light Infantry. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 28th June 1917. Aged 30. Born and lived Worstead. Enlisted West Hartlepool. Son of William and Anna Grimes, of Fern Cottage, Worstead, Norwich. Commemorated: Loos Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 106 and 107.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1764318
No match on Norlink
See brother George above for family details.
27th/28th June 1917:Very gallant raid by 2nd D.L.I. (2 officers and 84 other ranks under Capt. Fawcett) and 11th Essex (3 officers and 67 other ranks under Capt. Silver) in connection with operations of 46th Division -- though anticipated the raiders got into the enemy's trenches and remained there one hour, repelling all counter-attacks -- one prisoner taken.
www.gutenberg.org/files/20115/20115-h/20115-h.htm
Frederick Cecil LEACH……………………………….....................(RoH)
Private 5482. 16th (The Queen's) Lancers. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 12th September 1914. Born Smallburgh, Norfolk. Lived and enlisted North Walsham. Buried: Buzancy Military Cemetery Aisne, France. Ref. III. A. 2.
(NB - the only individual on the CWGC database matching the details above is an F Leach) www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=274890
No match on Norlink
The Great War Roll of Honour confirms this is a Frederick C Leach.
The 14 year old Frederick, born Smallburgh, is recorded at the Kings Head Inn, Worstead, on the 1901 Census. This is the household of his father, Henry, (aged 49 and a Farmer & Innkeeper from Hardley), and what is probably his step-mother, Sarah, (aged 28 and born Ashill). The other Leach children are:-
Basil Charles……………aged 1.………born Worstead
Ethel Joyce………………aged u/1.…….born Worstead
Henry Cyril……………..aged 2.………born Worstead
On the 1891 census, father Henry, then aged 40, is listed as the Licensced Victualler at the Kings Head Inn, Worstead. His wife is Emma,, (aged 48 and from Hapton). As well as “Fred” aged 4, there is a Sidney, (aged 3, born Smallburgh) and a Lucy, (aged 1 and born Worstead).
While I can’t find the baptism records for Frederick, Lucy was baptised at St Mary in 1890. Her parents are listed as Henry and Emma.. From the1901 census, Basil Charles (1899), Ethel Joyce (1900) and Henry Cyril (1898) were all baptised at St Mary.
Private Leach may be amongst this column of the 16th Lancers, photographed in France September 1914.
www.qrlassociation.co.uk/m_history_16.htm
The 11th had seen the British and French reach the banks of the River Aisne, who then set about preparing for an assault across the river and the over-loonking heights on the 13th.
www.1914-1918.net/french_third_despatch.html
John Henry ROPER………………………………..........................(RoH)
Private 17056. 8th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 1st July 1916. Aged 22. Born Briggate, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Son of E. S. and Mary J. Roper, of Briggate, Worstead, Norfolk. Commemorated: Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=809972
No match on Norlink
The 7 year old John H. born Worstead, is recorded on the 1901 census at Briggate, Worstead. This is the household of his parents, Edwin S, (aged 33 and a Flour Miller from Worstead), and Mary J, (aged 29 and from Southrepps). Their other children are:-
Dorothy M………………..aged 4.…………..born Worstead
Edwin T…………………..aged 8.………….born Worstead
The 6th Battalion, Royal Berks went over the top alongside the 8th Norfolks on the first day of the Somme. The story of what happened to the two units can be read here,
www.6throyalberks.co.uk/1stJuly/default.html
From the Battalion War Diary.
1st July - Assembly Trenches.
The Battalion took part on an assault of the German trenches north of CARNOY and S.W of MONTAUBAN.
The 7th Battalion of the Quuens Royal West Surrey Regiment of the 55th Brigade was on our Right, and the 6th Battalion Royal Berkshire Regiment, of our own brigade, were on our left.
In the early hours of the morning, the battalion was in position in the four assembly trenches, i.e in their battle position ready for attack.
The early hours of the morning were passed in comparative quietitude.
5.30am. Teas were brought up from CARNOY and served out in the Assembly trenches.
7.20am Our artillery commenced the intense bombardment and the enemys retaliation on our Fourth line assembly trench became more apparent.
7.27am. A mine and two Russian Saps were exploded on our front.
7.27 am. The first wave of our “C” and “ D” Companies deployed from our firing line and laid out in the open about 30 yards in front.This movement was accomplished without loss.
7.30 am. The assault commenced. The remainder of our two assaulting companies left our trenches and moved forward in four successive waves.
MINE TRENCH was reached and crossed by these two Companies with practically no opposition and without loss on our side. All Germans remaining alive in this trench after our artillery barrage had passed were thoroughly cowed and at once surrended. “C” Company on our right took about 30 prisoners from the West Edge of the mine craters.
MINE SUPPORT was taken about 7.40 am. The wire entanglements in front having been completely demolished by our artillery.
Up to the point, the Battalion suffered very few causlaties.
BUND SUPPORT was reached and taken at 8 a.m, where a halt was made.
The two assaulting companies on leaving BUND SUPPORT came under heavy enfilade machine gun fire from the direction of BRESLAU SUPPORT and BACK TRENCH and suffered heavily. Captain B.P Ayre being killed and Captain J H Hall being seriously wounded. By this time the following officers had been wounded. Capt & Adjt H.P Berney-Ficklin, 2nd Lieuts. J G Hampson, C.T Blackborn, L.Padfield, S.A Wharton, G R Ironmonger and E. Maclean, (at duty). There now remained no officer with the left leading company and two subalterns in the right leading company, which were now reduced to 90 and 100 men respectively.
The Left Leading Company under C.S.M A F Raven reached our first objective - POMMIERS TRENCH - and took it at about 10.30 am. A portion of the Right Leading Company also got into POMMIERS TRENCH near the East Side of THE LOOP at the same time, but the remainder of this company was held up by machine gun fire and a strong point at the junction of BOCHE TRENCH and BACK TRENCH with MINE ALLEY.
After this company had been reinforced by a platoon from the support company under 2nd Lieut G E Miall-Smith and the Battalions Bombers under Sergeant H E West had also been sent up to this point, this strongpoint fell and the garrison of about 150 Germans and 2 Officers of a Bavarian Regiment surrendered, and right leading company was then able to push forward into the East portion of POMMIERS TRENCH which up to then had not been taken. At this point in the attack, “A” company which had been in reserve and had advanced from the assembly trenches in artillery formation at 7.45am, and had been consolidating MINE TENCH, now advanced to BUND SUPPORT and commenced the consolidation of this trench. At the same “B”, the support company, advanced with three platoons, (1 already having been sent to reinforce “C”), to POMMIERS TRENCH
3pm. “B“ Company had now taken THE LOOP and both assaulting companies advanced to the MONTAUBAN ALLEY line, - the final objective of the Battalion.
Owing to machine gun firing from the line and from N.W of MONTAUBAN, “D“ company on the left suffered heavy casualties, and “C“ company, led by 2nd Lieut J H Attenborough made repeated attempts to get into MONTAUBAN ALLEY but did not succeed until a bombing party under 2nd Lieut. L.A Gundry-White gained an entrance by way of LOOP TRENCH on the left. Unfortunately, just before this had been affected, 2nd Lieutenant J H Attenborough with CSM J Coe had both been killed in the attempt to get into this trench.
5.45pm. The MONTAUBAN ALLEY line was taken and the battalion was in touch with the 7th Queens on our right and the 6th Royal Berks on our left.
6pm. The whole of “B” Company having been used to support “C” and “D” companies who were now reduced to, respectively, 70 and 80 other ranks and 1 Officer, the work of consolidating MONTAUBAN ALLEY was commenced at once and patrols were sent forward to reconnoitre along CATERPILLAR TRENCH and EAST TRENCH.
The Reserve Company who in the meanwhile had advanced and consolidated POMMIERS TRENCH and THE LOOP, were now brought up and sent forward to take up the advanced post known as the GREEN LINE.
The Green Line was taken up and strong points commenced at about 8pm and patrols were sent forward in the direction of CATERPILLAR WOOD.
8pm. From now onwards the enemy commenced a heavy and continuous bombardment with 5.9 and a few 77mm shells on the west end of MONTAUBAN ALLEY held by the Battalion, generally in the vicinity of the junction of LOOP TRENCH with MONTAUBAN ALLEY, a few shells falling in THE LOOP itself but practically none in the rear.
Our casualties for the days fighting were:-
Officers.Killed……………..2
Died of Wounds….1
Wounded…………8 including 2 at duty. These being 2nd Lieut S N Cozens-Hardy, (who was wounded just outside Battalion Headquarters which were at the S.W. end of THE LOOP where they had moved up to as soon as the MONTAUBAN ALLEY line had been reached) and 2nd Lieut. E. Maclean.
Other Ranks.
Killed………………………….102
Wounded………………………219
Missing………………………..13
Total Casualties. Officers…11 Other Ranks………….334
Charles George RUMP………………………………........................(RoH)
Lance Corporal 40618. 1st Battalion Northamptonshire Regiment. Formerly 20067 Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 14th June 1918. aged 20. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Mr. C. Rump, of Meeting Hill, Worstead, Norwich. Buried: Cambrin Military Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. O. 34.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=33902
No match on Norlink
The 2 year old Charles G, born Worstead, is recorded on the 1901 census at White Horse Common, North Walsham. This is the household of his parents, Charles E. (aged 28 and a Team on Farm from Worstead) and Jane E, (aged 23 and from Worstead). The Rumps also have a daughter, Lily J. aged 1.
The baptism of Charles George took place at St Mary on the 20th July 1898, his birth date being given as 9th May 1898. His parents are listed as Charles Edward and Jane Elizabeth. The family’s place of abode is shown as Worstead.
Cambrin is a village about 24 kilometres north of Arras and 8 kilometres east of Bethune on the road to La Bassee. The Cemetery is on the north side of the road and is approached by a path from the main road.
At one time, the village of Cambrin housed brigade headquarters but until the end of the First World War, it was only about 800 metres from the front line trenches. The village contains two cemeteries used for Commonwealth burials; the churchyard extension, taken over from French troops in May 1915, and the Military Cemetery "behind the Mayor's House." Cambrin Military Cemetery, often called Cambrin Chateau Cemetery, was begun in February 1915 and used as a front line cemetery until December 1918.
www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=3400&a...
In the Battalion War diary, the 14th and 15th June are bracketed together with the note “Quiet - 6 casualties”
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=123596
Henry SCOTT……………………………….......................................(RoH)
Sapper 84958. 207th Field Company, Royal Engineers. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 5th August 1916. Born North Walsham. Lived Worstead. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: Bottom Wood Cemetery, Dantzig Alley British Cemetery, Mametz, Somme, Memorial 10.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=548310
No match on Norlink
There initially appears to be no obvious match on the 1901 census. Looking at the high-level search on the 1911 census, there is a Henry born circa 1876 North Walsham, who at the time of the census was recorded in the Aylsham District.
207th (Norfolk) Field Company joined the 34th Division in February 1915. Made up of many Pals Units from the North East, the Division was decimated by the first day of the Somme.
Thomas SELF………………………………...................................(RoH)
Corporal 1424. 1st/5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died on 12th August 1915 (CD gives 28th August) in Gallipoli. Aged 29. Born Worstead. Enlisted Westwick, Norfolk. Son of Tom and Harriett Self, of East Ruston, Norfolk; husband of Harriet Self, of 7, Bacton Rd., North Walsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: Helles Memorial, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=685201
No match on Norlink
There is no obvious match on either the 1901 or 1911 census given the details above. The 1911 census has a Thomas Edward, born Tunstead circa 1899 and now recorded in the Smallburgh District.Going back to look at the same individual on the 1901 census, the then 2 year old Thomas E. (born Tunstead) is recorded at 2 Tunstead Road, Sco Ruston. This is the household of his parents, Thomas, (aged 43 and a Cattleman on Farm from Acle) and Harriet (aged 35 and from Ashmanhaugh). Their other children are:-
Dorothy V………..aged 4.…………….born Tunstead
Elsie M…………..aged 6.…………….born Tunstead
Emma……………aged 7.…………….born Tunstead
Lilian…………….aged less than one month….born Tunstead
The Self’s also have a16 year old Harriet Bloomfield living with them, whose status and occupation are given as nurse - presumably to help with the new-born child.
The baptism of Thomas Edward took place at St Mary, Tunstead on the 22nd October 1899. His date of birth was given as 2nd March 1899. His parents are Thomas and harriet Mary Ann, and the family abode is given as Tunstead. His fathers occupation is given as Labourer.
The Norfolks left Liverpool aboard the SS Aquitainia on 29 July and arrived at Suvla Bay in Gallipoli on 10 August 1915. Just two days later the 1/5th battalion were ordered to clear Turkish positions on the Anafarta Plain prior to the Allied advance. Their sister battalion, the 1/4th waited in reserve and were not involved in the events that followed. The outcome was typical of the poor planning which characterized the whole campaign. The attack was to be made in broad daylight without adequate maps against the well-prepared Turks, who were firmly dug in along a ridge of hills overlooking the bay. The enemy were armed with machine guns and supported by dozens of snipers, many of them teenage girls, camouflaged and hidden in trees. The Norfolk battalion was made up of 16 officers and 250 men and was led by a veteran of the campaign in the Sudan, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Horace Proctor-Beauchamp. As they left their positions, the 1/5th battalion were joined by hundreds of other British soldiers from battalions of the Suffolk and Hampshire regiments.
The attack quickly turned into a massacre. For some reason during the advance the Norfolks turned slightly to the right, opening up a gap between them and the other British troops from whom they had become separated. As the exhausted Norfolks fixed bayonets and prepared to charge the Turkish positions on the Kavak Tepe ridge they were picked off by snipers and mown down by machine gun fire. Lt-Col Beauchamp was last seen leading his doomed men into a burning forest from which they never emerged. As night fell the few survivors, wounded and exhausted, began to filter back to the British positions at Suvla Bay. The 1st/4th Battalion War Diary held at the National Archives records the following under the date 12 August 1915:
"163rd Brigade made a frontal attack on strong Turkish position. 5th Norfolks on right met a strong opposition and suffered heavily. Lost 22 officers and about 350 men. Held our lines during the night in spite of heavy enemy fire."
The actual fate of the battalion was discovered in 1919 at the end of the war when the Commonwealth War Graves Commission began searching the battlefields at Gallipoli for the remains of soldiers. There an investigator discovered a cap badge belonging to a soldier of the Norfolk regiment hidden in sand 800 yards behind the Turkish lines at Suvla Bay. This led the commanding officer to write home triumphantly: "We have found the 5th Norfolks." When this news reached the War Office they sent a chaplain who had served during the campaign back to Gallipoli to investigate. The Rev Charles Pierrepoint Edwards examined the area where the cap badge had been uncovered and found a mass grave containing 180 bodies, from which the remains of 122 were identified as members of the "Vanished Battalion." The remains included those of their commanding officer, Lt-Col Beuchamp, who was identified by the distinctive shoulder flashes on his uniform. Of the 266 officers and men reported as missing, 144 remained unaccounted for, but a number of these had been captured and some had subsequently died in the notorious Turkish prison camps. A few had survived captivity to describe what had really happened, but their stories did not emerge until half a century later.
In his book The Vanished Battalion (1991) McCrery revealed new evidence that explained why the full facts discovered by the clergyman who visited the mass grave were not revealed in 1919. He found there was evidence of an official cover-up but this was not to hide evidence of an extraterrestrial kidnapping. In this case it was to conceal evidence of both a military blunder and a war crime. For it emerged that of the bodies discovered that many had been shot through the head as the Turkish soldiers did not like to take prisoners of war. His evidence was backed up by the story of a British survivor of the massacre, who testified before his death in 1969 that he had seen Turkish soldiers bayoneting wounded and helpless prisoners and shooting others in the wood where the battalion disappeared. The survivor escaped only because of the intervention of a German officer who saved his life and he spent the remainder of the war in a prison camp.
It appears that the Rev Charles Pierrepoint Edwards concealed this disturbing evidence in his report to the War Office so as to spare the feelings of the families and the King, who continued to believe their loved ones died gallantly in battle with the enemy.
www.drdavidclarke.co.uk/vanbat.htm
George SIDELL………………………………................................(RoH)
Private 50991. 1st Battalion Middlesex Regiment. Formerly 1328 Royal West Kent Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 23rd April 1917. Born Antingham, Norfolk. Lived Worstead. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Wancourt British Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. VII. E. 10.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=33014
No match on Norlink
The 23 year old George, (born Worstead and working as a Domestic Gardener), is recorded as a Lodger at Garden Cottage, Gasthorpe (near Diss) on the 1901 Census. Going back 10 years to the 1891 census, the 13 year old George is recorded at Brockley, Worstead, and is working as an Agricultural Labourer. This is the household of his parents, William, (aged 33 and a Painter from Westwick), and Rachel, (aged 41 from Sutton, Cambridgeshire). Their other children are:-
Sidney……………..aged 11.……………born Worstead
Frederick…………..aged 9.…………….born Worstead
Charles……………….aged 7.………………….born Worstead
Arthur…………………aged 5.…………………born Worstead
Walter………………aged 3.……………………born Worstead
Sabina………………aged 1.……………………born Worstead
On the 12th the 98th Brigade moved into the Cojeul Valley in close support, relieving the 19th Brigade in the Hindenburg Line on 16th, the 1st Middlesex and 4th Suffolks moving up into the front line, though, owing to faulty guides, it was the 17th before the Middlesex were able to relieve two companies of the 20th Royal Fusiliers in some isolated trenches ("mere ditches," the Diary calls them). But the Battalion was relieved on 20th and 21st, and on 22nd was in the sunken road between Henin-sur-Cojeul and Neuville Vitasse preparing for the operations on 23rd.
The men were issued with bombs, rifle grenades, Very lights, ground flares and sandbags, and at 4.30 p.m. the Battalion again marched off to the front line, relieving the Cameronians. These trenches were some 1,500 yards south east of Heninel, not quite half-way between that village and Fontaine-lez-Croisi1les. "A" Company was on the right and "C" on the left, "B" and "D" (right and left respectively) occupying trenches in rear of the front line. At 11.30 p.m. the two latter Companies moved into their assembly trenches just behind the front line.
By 1.30 a.m. all companies had taken up their allotted positions, "A" and "C" the first wave, "B" and "D" the second wave. Zero hour was 4.45 a.m.
Under cover of the barrage, described in the diaries as "excellent," the 98th Brigade attacked the enemy at 4.45 a.m. (23rd), 4th Suffolks on the right, and A. and S. Highlanders in the centre, and 1st Middlesex on the left. There were two separate final objectives, different means being necessary to reach each. The Suffolks had to bomb down the Hindenburg Line to the Sensée, whilst the Highlanders and the Middlesex made a frontal attack across the open; the centre of their first objective was a small oblong copse.
The attack of the Suffolks proceeded well down both trenches of the Hindenburg Line, but the Highlanders, in the centre, and "A" and "B" Companies of the Middlesex, were hung up in front of the small copse. The two left Companies of the latter Battalion ("C" and "D"), however, reached their first objective without much opposition, where 30 prisoners were taken and sent back. They then pressed on to their final objective, which they reached successfully and dug themselves in. Here they were joined by "A" Company of the Highlanders, who had fought their way past the copse. But now, unfortunately, a serious position presented itself to these three Companies, for it appeared that they were not only in the air, but the enemy was still between them and their original "jumping-off " line. Captain Beesham, therefore, made his way back along the Hindenburg Line in order to report the situation to Brigade Headquarters. But whilst he was away the enemy counter-attacked and succeeded in cutting off a portion of the Hindenburg Line, thus completely cutting off all communication with "C" and "D" Companies in their forward exposed position. To make matters worse, troops on the left of these two Companies fell back, taking with them a small party of Middlesex "moppers-up" which had taken possession of that portion of the first objective captured by "C" and "D".
The position as it affected the 1st Middlesex now stood as follows: The enemy was again in full possession of his original front line; "A" and "B" Companies of the Battalion were held up in front of the copse, i.e., the line of the first objective, and were digging themselves in; the left flank of the Battalion was absolutely in the air; the enemy had regained a portion of the Hindenburg Line; "C" and "D" Companies had broken through and had reached their final objective, but were entirely cut off, the enemy being in front and behind them.
At 12 noon all units of the 98th Brigade, with the exception of "A" Company of the 2nd A. and S. Highlanders and "C" and "D" Companies of the 1st Middlesex, were back in their original lines. Indeed, it is with these very gallant fellows who, though surrounded and subjected to violent efforts to dislodge them and capture them, resisted every attempt and bloodily repulsed the enemy again and again, that the story is chiefly concerned. The old Die-Hard spirit once more shone clearly, and the indomitable pluck of the Middlesex and their Highland comrades added yet another splendid incident to their already glorious Regimental history.
Another attack by the 98th Brigade was ordered for 6.24 p.m., to be preceded by, and under cover of, a heavy barrage. Only a very slight advance was made, and by this time orderlies, signallers and officers servants had all been pressed into the thin line.
At 8 p.m. news was received at Battalion Headquarters, 1st Middlesex, that the enemy had formed a barricade in the Hindenburg Line and was advancing towards Brigade Headquarters, but he was first held up and then driven back to his original position by the Suffoiks.
Under cover of darkness, men who had been lying out all day in shell holes crawled back, and the front line of the Brigade now consisted of about 300 men from 1st Middlesex, 2nd R.W. Fusiliers and 1st Cameronians.
But no word was received of the gallant fellows who were surrounded. The barrage for the attack at 6.24 p.m. had passed over them, but apart from knocking their trenches about considerably had fortunately inflicted very few casualties.
The night 23rd/24th passed quietly, though the enemy was obviously nervous, for he continually fired Very lights.
As dawn broke on the 24th, certain movements on the part of the enemy gave rise to the suspicion that he had vacated his position. Patrols were sent out and returned with the information that the Germans had fallen back. The 1st Middlesex, therefore, advanced at once and took possession of the hostile front-line trenches, pushing out other patrols to discover the extent of the enemy's retirement. A message now came in from the two forward Companies ("C" and "D"): they were still holding on to their position, they had even taken a few prisoners, but both officers had been wounded.
During the morning the 1st Middlesex were relieved by the 20th Royal Fusihers, but owing to the enemy's activity it was deemed unwise to withdraw "C" and "D" Companies until nightfall. But as soon as possible after darkness had fallen the intrepid Die-Hards and Highlanders were relieved, after a 40-hours' fight, completely surrounded, and reached the sunken roads at 11 p.m. It is interesting to note that of the 16 Lewis guns which the two Companies had with them, all were brought back, only one having been damaged.
freespace.virgin.net/howard.anderson/2ndbattleofscarpe.htm
Walter William WRIGHT………………………………..................(RoH)
Gunner 54767. 68th Heavy Battery, attached to Government Dairy Farm (Amara), Royal Garrison Artillery. Died in Mesopotamia on 22nd October 1918. Aged 24. Born and lived North Walsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Arthur and Bessie Wright, of Crossing Gates, Heath Farm, North Walsham, Norwich. Buried: Amara War Cemetery, Iraq. Ref. XIV. C. 22.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=630864
No match on Norlink
The 5 year old Walter W, (born North Walsham), is recorded on the 1901 census at Norwich Road, North Walsham. This is the household of his parents, Arthur, (aged 33 and a Railway Shunter from Croxton), and Bessie, (aged 26 and from Thetford). Their other children are:-
Maud. E…………aged 7.………….born North Walsham
Rachel E………..aged 3.………….born North Walsham
Herbert Ernest YOUELLS………………………………................(RoH)
Lance Corporal 41420. 1st Battalion Royal Irish Rifles. Formerly 6547 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 4th October 1918. Aged 26. Born Worstead. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Thomas and Emma Youells, of Worstead, Norfolk. Buried: Haringhe (Bandaghem) Military Cemetery, Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. III. A. 15.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=94261
No match on Norlink
The 8 year old Herbert, born Worstead, is recorded on the 1901 census next door to Worstead House, Worstead. This is the household of his parents Thomas, (aged 75? And a Cattleman on Farm from Worstead), and Emma, (aged 35 and from Smallburgh). Their other children are:-
Charlie………….aged 5.…………..born Worstead
Emma…………..aged 10.…………born Worstead
John……………aged 16.…………born Worstead…..Agricultural Labourer
Thomas…………aged 13.…………born Worstead…Agricultural Labourer
The Genes Re-united transcriber has the whole family down as Youell, but the “s” can be seen on the scanned original document.
I can only trace the baptism of Thomas (George) on line, (the son aged 13 above). His baptism took place at St Mary on the 1st August 1887. His date of birth is shown as the 26th June 1887. His parents are Thomas and Emma, the family reside at Worstead. Father’s occupation is shown as Labourer.
www.twgpp.org/information.php?id=2120264
The Royal Irish Rifles were part of the general advance then taking place, leading to the breaching of the Hindenburg line over the following few days - an event that signified to the German Government and Military High Command that defeat was inevitable.
Simon Knott's take on the church itself
WARNING: This article comes from a politically incorrect web site, viewer discretion is advised.
The Murder of Mary Phagan – Part 6 of 11.
Published on January 14, 2014
By Tanstaafl in Age of Treason Radio
More on two of Frank’s “Confessions”. Also, tracing the history of the Jews in Georgia.
The Biography of Mrs. Lucille Selig Frank (Wednesday, February 29, 1888 – Tuesday, April 23, 1957), and Leo Frank's Alleged Murder Confession Number Two of Four Believed to Have Occurred:
By 1913, the Selig clan were amongst the most prominent and respected Jewish families in Atlanta, Georgia, not only because two generations earlier in the middle to late 19th century, Levi Cohen, had participated in creating the first permanent Synagogue in Atlanta, but because the family participated regularly in Atlanta Jewish life and philanthropy.
On Wednesday, November 30, 1910, Miss Lucille Selig and Mr. Leo Max Frank Were Married.
The evidence presented at the trial suggested Leo might have had an unhappy marriage with a Lucille, especially because she had been barren during her 3 year marriage to Leo and lurid things were alleged to have gone-on behind her back. In other twists and turns revealed during the trial and appeals, there were accusations that painted Leo Frank as a sexually aggressive rake and libertine, a mathematician playing the numbers game with a careful selection of his female employees, as in “testing the waters” to see which ones might potentially be willing to engage in immoral activities.
There were reports from the factory roustabout Jim Conley, that described Leo Frank cheating on his wife at the factory with Atlantan prostitutes on various Saturdays. Conley recalls two incidents when he walked in on Leo Frank engaging in oral sex on two different Atlanta prostitutes at two different times. Conley reported that on a number of occasions, Leo Frank asked him to be a lookout, while he "chatted" with girls in his window front, second floor office.
Frank’s final burial was 900 miles away from Atlanta on Friday, August 20, 1915, in Cyprus Hills (now Glendale), Queens, New York.
Lucille passed her own verdict on the Frank-Phagan case in 1954 when she had her Last Will and Testament notarized and registered with the local government of Atlanta. Lucille requested cremation in her notarized will and personally requested to her family (Oney, Georgia Magazine, UGA Upfront Features, 'And The Dead Shall Rise', March 2004) that her ashes be disbursed in an Atlanta park, indeed there was no request by Lucille, for her ashes to be buried, or spread, near Leo Frank in Queens, NY.
The empty grave Number 1 in the Frank-Stern family plot, which was reserved for Lucille Selig adjacent to Leo Frank (Grave Number 2) at the Mount Carmel Cemetery is an uncomfortable reality for the Jewish Community because of its ballot concerning Leo Frank's innocence or guilt. Lucille Selig served as Leo Frank's secretary during his trial and appeals, so she was quite intimate with the evidence of her husband's case.
Lucille’s missing gravestone is mute testimony that she did not honor her husband in death. It is reasonable to suspect that it was because she had known all along that he had murdered Mary Phagan and that the rumors he was a philanderer were likely true (see: Albert and Magnolia McKnight's affidavits, 1913, BOE, Leo Frank Ga Supreme Court Records).
From the perspective of the Jewish community, Lucille’s quiet and controversial 1957 cremation was 2-fold unusual, especially for a faithful, proud, and practicing Jewess from a prominent, and historically significant Jewish family, to go against the traditional practice of burial next to ones deceased spouse or at the very least requesting to have her ashes buried or spread near her husband.
While Cremation was a very rare occurrence for Jews in the 1950′s, it is now much more common in the 21st century, but still far from commonplace for Jews from faithful and practicing Jewish religious families. Lucille Selig's cremation was rather odd and raised eyebrows.
The history of the Jews in Georgia traces back to the first colony.
England’s King George signed a charter establishing the colony and creating its governing board on April 21, 1732. The first 114 Christian colonists arrived from England in February 1733. The first to die in April was the colony’s only doctor.
Judaism and Jews, New Georgia Encyclopedia:
The first Jews to arrive in Georgia were a group of forty-two men and women who came on the schooner William and Sarah. They landed in Savannah on July 11, 1733, soon after founder James Edward Oglethorpe arrived with Georgia’s first settlers. Oglethorpe was surprised by the arrival of the new settlers, but at that point he had not received instructions from the Trustees with regard to non-Christian colonists. He was pleased to see among the group a physician, Samuel Nunes, whom he later credited with saving many colonists who were ill with yellow fever. Oglethorpe cited his gratitude to the doctor among his reasons for assigning plots of land to fourteen Jews. Among other reasons mentioned by scholars is the fact that another one of the Jews, Abraham de Lyon, had experience in viticulture, which would be useful to the colonists in their efforts to produce wine.
Samuel Nunez, Wikipedia:
Samuel Nunis (1668–1744) was a Portuguese physician and among the earliest Jews to settle in North America.
After this ship landed, Captain Thomas Corain, one of General Oglethorpe’s aides, wrote, “Georgia will soon become a Jewish colony.” Captain Corain feared that if this news leaked out, rich Christians would not support the colony and poor Christians would not settle there. The London Trustees urged Oglethorpe to remove them. They had no legal basis for this request as Georgia’s charter permitted all persons “liberty of conscience in the worship of God” except Catholics.
It was the cooperation and advocacy of a single man at the top, Oglethorpe, which enabled the Jews to infiltrate and establish themselves in Georgia. Who was he enabling? A group of aliens which had for generations lived amongst Europeans under false pretenses.
The Nunis Family Caught by the Inquisition
Such a family was the Nunez family. For many generations, this family kept up its Jewish faith in secret, and some family members met a violent death at the hands of the Inquisition. (A Clara Nunis was burned in Seville, Spain, in 1632; and in the same year, Isabel and Helen Nunis also were condemned to death for loyalty to their Jewish faith.)
One branch of the family, living in Portugal, was among the most distinguished of noble families. Although it was a little more than 200 years after the Expulsion from Spain, this family secretly still observed the Jewish religion.
Although on the surface, Dr. Nunis was as good a Catholic as any churchgoing Christian, the leaders of the Portuguese Inquisition took note of the warnings given to them by the doctor’s enemies. They managed to enable an “agent” into the household of the Nunez family in the guise of a servant, so they would be informed of what went on within the family circle.
Eventually, the agent reported that the Nunis family definitely was practicing the Jewish religion in secret. Every Saturday, they all retreated to a synagogue in an underground part of their mansion on the Tagus River in Lisbon. There they threw off their pretense of being Christians and worshiped in true Jewish fashion.
This portion of the story (especially) reads like a typical Jewish fairy tale:
The Great Escape to London
Dr. Nunez hit upon a brilliant, bold idea. He arranged a Banquet and Ball to which he invited all of the important people of the city. His guests included many high-ranking officials.[1]
One evening he was host to the captain of a British brigantine anchored in the Tagus River. When the party was in full swing, the captain invited the guests and the Nunez family (accompanied by their unsuspecting Inquisitor keepers) to visit his ship.
What the guests did not know was that a surprise awaited them. About an hour or so after they had boarded the ship, they suddenly became aware that they were moving! Yes, they were, in fact, sailing away from the shores of Portugal at full speed, heading for the friendlier shores of England.
Dr. Nunez had every detail arranged with the help of his relatives, the Mendez family, one of whom married Zipra, one of the lovely daughters of Samuel and Rebecca Nunez. Dr. Nunez secretly had succeeded in selling part of his estates and possessions and had transferred the money to England through secret couriers. Thus, he had been able to enlist a British captain to bring his brigantine to the Tagus River on the night of the banquet for the surprise voyage to London in August 1726.
Once in London, Samuel and his sons underwent circumcision to identify themselves as Jewish. Diogo and Gracia remarried in a Jewish ceremony and changed their names to Samuel and Rebecca. Early in 1727, Rebecca gave birth to their seventh and last child, a son who died as an infant.
A few years later in 1733, the Nunez family was among several mainly Sephardic Jewish families from Portugal who left London for the far off colony of Georgia. Also joining them on the William and Sarah was a small group of Ashkenazi Jews with German origins.
London Jews had been contributing liberally to the Oglethorpe scheme, providing new homes for impoverished Christians in the new colony of Georgia. In 1732 there were 6,000 Sephardic Jews living in London having lived as Crypto-Jews, publicly practicing Roman Catholicism and secretly preserving their Jewish heritage, prior to their departure from Portugal. The Bevis Marks Synagogue, still a Sephardic Jewish congregation in London today, helped finance the trip of their congregants.
All but eight of the original 42 Jewish colonists to Georgia were among these Spanish/Portuguese Jews who had arrived in London seven years earlier. They chartered two boats and sent a total of 90 Jews to Savannah in one year.
Wikipedia Source:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Nunez
Turning back now to Judaism and Jews, New Georgia Encyclopedia:
Thirty-four of the Jewish arrivals in 1733 were Sephardim, most of them having fled from Portugal to England before departing for the New World. The Ashkenazic Jews felt mistreated by the more numerous Sephardic Jews. Indeed, in 1734 an Anglican clergyman in Savannah noted that, “Some Jews in Savannah complained . . . that the Spanish and Portuguese Jews persecute the German Jews in a way no Christian would persecute another Christian.” The internal feuding ended in 1741, during the War of Jenkins’ Ear, when the Sephardim, fearing Spanish invasion, fled to Charleston, South Carolina, and New York, leaving only the Sheftall and the Minis families, both Ashkenazim, in Georgia. These two families were the leading Jewish families in colonial Georgia, with the Sheftalls being particularly influential.
Atlanta’s Jewish Population
Having been steered away from manual labor due to their culture and historical circumstances (many governments in Europe imposed restrictions on their owning land and engaging in money lending), Jews across Georgia tended to gravitate toward nonagricultural work. Thus the history of Georgia’s Jews finds most of them clustered in the more urban areas, especially Savannah and Atlanta; the latter has become the center of Georgia’s largest Jewish population.
At the time of the Civil War (1861-65), only 50 Jews lived in Atlanta; by the year 2000 the Jewish population had risen to 85,900. The first Jewish Atlantans were Jacob Haas and Henry Levi, who, with their families, settled there about 1846 to become shopkeepers. In 1860, responding to the needs of the Jewish poor during the Civil War, the community formed the Hebrew Benevolent Society.
In addition to such figures as Jacobs (the owner of a popular drug store chain, Jacob's pharmacy, in which Coca-Cola was supposedly created) and Rich (founder of the company that eventually became Macy's), Atlanta’s artificial infamy in connection with its Jewish citizens centers on two mistakenly perceived grievous incidents, both ultimately false examples of anti-Semitism and the marginalization of Jews by accepted white society in Georgia.
The first began with the trial and conviction of a Jewish pencil-factory superintendent, Leo Max Frank, for the murder of Mary Phagan, a thirteen-year-old employee, in 1913. Racist, Zionist, politically correct, subversive and bigoted tribal Activist Jewish pseudo-scholars generally believe today that Frank was almost certainly innocent of the crime. At the time, however, virtually all Georgians thought him guilty and the surviving legal records supports his conviction.
A commemorative plaque, erected by the Jewish community of Cobb County, lead by activist Rabbi Steven Lebow, now marks the area where Frank was hanged; the plaque odiously reads, “Leo Frank (1884-1915). Wrongly accused, Falsely convicted, Wantonly murdered.”
David Emanuel, a Jew, became the 24th Governor of Georgia in 1801.
In '99 Years Ago: Did Leo Frank Confess?', at National Vanguard and American Mercury, “Mark Cohen” makes some interesting points about Leo Frank’s testimony, my emphasis:
The law also did not permit Solicitor General Hugh M. Dorsey or his legal team to orally interpret or comment on the fact that Leo Frank was not making a statement sworn under oath at his own murder trial. The prosecution respected this rule.
The jury knew that Leo Frank had had months to carefully prepare his written statement that he would read orally. But what was perhaps most damaging to Leo Frank’s credibility was the fact that every witness at the trial, regardless of whether they were testifying for the defense or prosecution, had been sworn, and therefore spoke under oath, and had been subject to direct and cross-examination by both sides — except for Leo Frank. Thus it didn’t matter if the law prevented the prosecution from commenting on the fact Leo Frank had refused examination, opting instead to make an unsworn statement, because the jury could see that anyway and understood the courts directions concerning it being a right of the defendant.
Making an unsworn statement and refusing to be examined by counselors does not prove or even suggest that one is guilty, but it certainly raises eyebrows of doubt in Southern culture.
In May, 1913, some three months before Frank's trial.
Frank had emphatically told the seven-man panel led by Coroner Paul Donehoo at the Inquest (official investigation into the nature of the murder) on May 5th and 8th, 1913, that he (Leo Frank) did not use the bathroom all day long — not only that he (Leo Frank) had disremembered, but that he had probably not gone to the bathroom at all. The visually-blind but prodigious savant Coroner Paul Donehoo — with his highly-refined “B.S. detector” was incredulous as might be expected. Who doesn’t use the bathroom all day long? Especially when it was widely known that Frank drank copious amounts of coffee on a daily basis.
It was as if Leo Frank was mentally and physically, albeit crudely and unbelievably, trying to distance himself from the toilets in the metal room where Jim Conley later confessed to police he found the cadaver of Mary Phagan.
Furthermore, Leo Frank had told detective Harry A. Scott — witnessed by a police officer named John R. Black — that he (Leo Frank) was in his office every minute on April 26, 1913, from noon to half past noon.
Listen to the full 11 part series of this case at 'The Internet Archive', here:
archive.org/details/10TWnAgeOfTreasonRadio20140211
This article has previous and further segments....
The podcast series about the Leo Frank case published at 'The White Network' Podcast can be downloaded at thewhitenetwork-archive.com/
See these archive pages listed below for the individual podcast of The Murder of Mary Phagan (2013/2014) case series by Tanstaafl.
April 2014
March 2014
February 2014
January 2014
December 2013
November 2013
October 2013
Sources:
Mount Carmel Cemetery
Georgia Magazine, UGA Upfront Features, 'And the Dead Shall Rise', March 2004:
archive.org/details/georgia-magazine-2004-and-the-dead-sh...
Further Reading:
The Amazing Story of Leo Frank's Wife Lucille Selig Frank
theamericanmercury.org/2015/09/the-amazing-story-of-mrs-l...
Rubens Peale with a Geranium
West Building, Main Floor—Gallery 60A
•Date: 1801
•Medium: Oil on Canvas
•Dimensions:
oOverall: 71.4 × 61 cm (28⅛ × 24 in.)
oFramed: 89.5 × 79.7 × 5.6 cm (35¼ × 31⅜ × 2 3/16 in.)
•Credit Line: Patrons’ Permanent Fund
•Accession Number: 1985.59.1
•Artists/Makers:
oArtist: Rembrandt Peale, American, 1778-1860
Overview
Charles Willson Peale christened most of his seventeen children after famous artists and scientists; however, there is little consistency between the sons’ and daughters’ namesakes and their adult careers. While Rembrandt Peale did become a painter and the portraitist of this work, Rubens Peale, who sat for this likeness at the age of seventeen, was a botanist.
Painted in Philadelphia, the work could be described as a double portrait because the geranium, reputed to be the first specimen of this exotic plant ever grown in the New World, is as lovingly portrayed as the painter’s brother is. The Peale family often collaborated in their endeavors, and here Rembrandt commemorated his brother’s horticultural triumph. Rembrandt’s own skill is evident in the clearly defined pools of light on Rubens’ cheeks. In a phenomenon familiar to all, his glasses focus the beams passing through them, thereby forming the brighter disks of light under his eyes.
Rubens Peale with a Geranium is a supreme example of the unaffected naturalism which typified the artist’s early maturity. Combining firm, clear drawing, carefully modulated color, and an intense devotion to detail, twenty-three-year-old Rembrandt Peale produced an eloquent expression of his family’s philosophical orientation.
Inscription
•Lower Right: Rem Peale / 1801
Provenance
The artist; James Claypoole Copper, Philadelphia;[1] Mary Jane Peale [1827-1902], Pottsville, Pennsylvania, the daughter of the sitter, Rubens Peale;[2] her nephew, Albert Charles Peale [1849-1914], Washington, D.C.;[3] his cousin, Jessie Sellers Colton [Mrs. Sabin Woolworth Colton, Jr., 1855-1932], Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania;[4] her daughter, Mildred Colton [Mrs. Robert P.] Esty [1883-1977], Ardmore, Pennsylvania;[5] sold to Lawrence A. Fleischman, Detroit, Michigan;[6] (Kennedy Galleries, New York); purchased by Pauline E. [Mrs. Norman B.] Woolworth;[7] (sale, Sotheby’s, New York, 5 December 1985, lot 42); purchased through (Kennedy Galleries, New York) by NGA.
[1]Rebecca Irwin Graff, Genealogy of the Claypoole Family of Philadelphia, 1893: 79, which does not record Copper’s life dates.
[2]Copper’s gift of the portrait to Rubens’ Peale’s daughter Mary Jane Peale in 1854 is discussed in the NGA systematic catalogue. For Mary Jane Peale’s dates, see the genealogy of the Peale Family in Charles H. Elam, ed., The Peale Family: Three Generations of American Artists, Exh. cat., Detroit Institute of Arts; Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, New York, 1967: 10, and Lillian B. Miller, In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale, 1778-1860, Exh. cat., National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1992: 231. For information that she lived in Pottsville, see Carol Eaton Hevner, “Rembrandt Peale’s portraits of his brother Rubens”, Antiques 130 (November): 1012.
[3]Mary Jane Peale bequeathed the portrait to her nephew Albert Charles Peale, the son of her brother Charles Willson Peale (1821-1871) and Harriet Friel Peale; for his dates see Charles Coleman Sellers, “Peale Genealogy,” manuscript, Peale Papers Office, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., and The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, vol. 21: 255-56. Albert Peale was one of the executors of Mary Jane Peale’s estate.
[4]The painting belonged to Jessie Sellers Colton by 1923, when she lent it to the exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. A label formerly on the painting (in NGA curatorial files) gives her name and address, and states that she was the great-niece of Rubens Peale. For her dates see Charles Coleman Sellers, “Peale Genealogy,” manuscript, Peale Papers Office, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.
[5]Mrs. Esty owned the portrait when it was reproduced in Charles Coleman Sellers, Charles Willson Peale, Later Life (1790-1827), Philadelphia, 1947: 2:opp. 147, fig. 12, and lent it in 1955 to the exhibition at Pennsylvania State University. For her birth date see Charles Coleman Sellers, “Peale Genealogy,” manuscript, Peale Papers Office, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.; her date of death is recorded in Social Register Association, Social Register, Summer 1978, New York, 1978: 92:98.
[6]Fleischman confirmed his ownership of the portrait in his letter of 19 December 1985 to NGA (in NGA curatorial files).
[7]Mrs. Woolworth was the owner by 1963, when she lent the painting to the exhibition American Art from American Collections at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Associated Names
•Colton, Jessie Sellers
•Copper, James Claypoole
•Esty, Mildred Colton
•Fleischman, Lawrence A.
•Kennedy Galleries
•Kennedy Galleries
•Peale, Albert Charles
•Peale, Mary Jane
•Sotheby’s
•Woolworth, Pauline E.
Exhibition History
•1923—Exhibition of Portraits by Charles Willson Peale and James Peale and Rembrandt Peale, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, 1923, no. 73.
•1955—Pennsylvania Painters, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; The Toledo Museum of Art, 1955-1956, no. 11.
•1960—The Fabulous Peale Family, Kennedy Galleries, New York, 1960, no. 74.
•1963—American Art from American Collections, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1963, no. 185.
•1965—The Peale Family and Peale’s Baltimore Museum, 1814-1830, The Peale Museum, Baltimore, 1965, no. 16.
•1967—The Peale Family: Three Generations of American Artists, The Detroit Institute of Arts; Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, 1967, no. 139.
•1970—19th Century America: Paintings and Sculpture, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1970, no. 2, repro.
•1970—The American Painting Collection of Mrs. Norman B. Woolworth, Coe Kerr Gallery, New York, 1970, no. 87, repro.
•1976—The Eye of Thomas Jefferson, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1976, no. 600, repro.
•1980—The Woolworth Collection: American Paintings, Birmingham Museum of Art, Alabama, 1980, checklist no. 2.
•1981—Painters of the Humble Truth: Masterpieces of American Still Life, 1801-1939, Philbrook Art Center, Tulsa; The Oakland Museum; Baltimore Museum of Art; National Academy of Design, New York, 1981-1982, checklist no. 112 (repro. in cat. by W. Gerdts).
•1983—A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting 1760-1910, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Grand Palais, Paris, 1983-1984, no. 11, repro.
•1989—Raphaelle Peale Still Lifes, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.,; The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, 1988-1989, fig. 56.
•1992—In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale, 1778-1860, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1992-1993, fig. 22, pl. 4.
•1996—The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770-1870, Philadelphia Museum of Art; M. H. De Young Memorial Museum; Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1996-1997, no. 162, pl. 16 and frontispiece.
•1999—America: The New World in 19th-Century Painting, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna, 1999, no. 18, repro.
•2003—Jefferson’s America & Napoleon’s France: An Exhibition for the Louisiana Purchase Bicentennial, New Orleans Museum of Art, 2003, no. 136, repro.
•2011—The Great American Hall of Wonders: Art, Science, and Invention in the Nineteenth Century, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C., 2011-2012, fig. 102.
•2015—Audubon to Warhol: The Art of the American Still Life, Philadelphia Museum of Art; Phoenix Art Museum, 2015-2016, (shown only in Philadelphia).
Bibliography
•1947—Sellers, Charles Coleman. Charles Willson Peale. Vol. 2: Later Life (1790-1827). Philadelphia, 1947: fig. 12, opp. 147.
•1956—Rendezvous for Taste: Peale’s Baltimore Museum, 1814-1830. Exh. cat. Peale Museum, Baltimore, 1956: repro. 2, 28, no. 82 (not exhibited).
•1965—Feld, Stuart P. “‘Loan Collection,’ 1965.” Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 23, no. 8 (April 1965): 283, repro.
•1971—Gerdts, William H., and Russell Burke. American Still-Life Painting. New York, 1971: 36, repro. 34, fig. 2-12.
•1976—Adams, William Howard, ed. The Eye of Thomas Jefferson. Exh. cat. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1976: 346, no. 600, repro.
•1976—From Seed to Flower: Philadelphia, 1681-1876; A Horticultural Point of View. Exh. cat. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, Philadelphia, 1976: 24, repro. 27.
•1977—Levene, John R. Clinical Refraction and Visual Science. London, 1977: 171-172.
•1981—Gerdts, William H. Painters of the Humble Truth: Masterpieces of American Still Life 1801-1939. Columbia, Missouri, 1981: 3, color pl. 3, 62-63.
•1983—Miller, Lillian B., Sidney Hart, and David C. Ward, eds. The Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family. Vol. 2: Charles Willson Peale: The Artist as Museum Keeper, 1791-1810. New Haven, 1988: 1047 n.4, 1096, 1098 n.15, 1241 n.2, pl. 6.
•1984—Foshay, Ella. Reflections of Nature: Flowers in American Art. Exh. cat. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, 1984: 32-34, repro.
•1985—Hevner, Carol Eaton. Rembrandt Peale, 1778-1860: A Life in the Arts. With a biographical essay by Lillian B. Miller. Exh. cat. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1985: 20, 21 fig. 5, 103 n. 8.
•1986—Hevner, Carol Eaton. “Rembrandt Peale’s Portraits of His Brother Rubens.” Antiques 130 (November 1986): 1010-1013.
•1986—Hevner, Carol Eaton. “Rubens Peale with a Geranium by Rembrandt Peale.” In Art at Auction: The Year at Sotheby’s 1985-86. New York, 1986: 114-116, fig. 1 (color).
•1987—Hevner, Carol Eaton. “The Cover.” Journal of the American Medical Association 257, no. 15 (17 April 1987): 1996 and color repro., cover.
•1988—Wilmerding, John. American Masterpieces from the National Gallery of Art. Rev. ed. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1988: 66, no. 10, color repro.
•1988—Wilmerding, John. “America’s Young Masters: Raphaelle, Rembrandt, and Rubens.” In Nicolai Cikovsky, Jr. Raphaelle Peale Still Lifes. Exh. cat. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia. Washington, D.C., 1988: 72-93.
•1991—Gingold, Diane J., and Elizabeth A.C. Weil. The Corporate Patron. New York, 1991: 136-137, color repro.
•1991—Kopper, Philip. America’s National Gallery of Art: A Gift to the Nation. New York, 1991: 292, color repro.
•1992—American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992: 256, repro.
•1992—Hevner, Carol Eaton. “The Paintings of Rembrandt Peale: Character and Conventions.” In Miller, Lillian B. In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale, 1778-1860. Exh. cat. National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1992: 255, 57-60, fig. 22, 160, color pl. 4, 243.
•1992—National Gallery of Art, Washington. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992: 222, repro.
•1994—Craven, Wayne. American Art: History and Culture. New York, 1994: 155, color fig. 11.3.
•1996—Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin. American Paintings Before 1945 in the Wadsworth Atheneum. London, 1996: no. 597, repro.
•1996—Miller, Lillian B., ed. The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy, 1770-1870. Exh. cat. Trust for Museum Exhibitions and National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1996: repro. 35, 51-52, 309.
•1996—Miller, Lillian B. “The Peale Legacy: The Art of an American Family, 1770-1870.” American Art Review 8, no. 6 (1996): repro. 141.
•1997—Follensbee, Billie J.A. “Rubens Peale’s Spectacles: An Optical Illusion?” Survey of Ophthalmology 41, no. 5 (March-April 1997): 417-424, repro.
•1997—Hughes, Robert. American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America. New York, 1997: 106-107, fig. 69.
•1998—Torchia, Robert Wilson, with Deborah Chotner and Ellen G. Miles. American Paintings of the Nineteenth Century, Part II. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C., 1998: 48-57, color repro.
•2002—Solti, Carol. “Rembrandt Peale’s Rubens Peale with a Geranium: A Possible Source in David Teniers the Younger.” American Art Journal 33, nos. 1 and 2 (2002): 4-19, fig. 1.
•2004—Hand, John Oliver. National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection. Washington and New York, 2004: 332-333, no. 267, color repro.
•2013—Harris, Neil. Capital Culture: J. Carter Brown, the National Gallery of Art, and the Reinvention of the Museum Experience. Chicago and London, 2013: 407.
•2015—“Art for the Nation: The Story of the Patrons’ Permanent Fund.” National Gallery of Art Bulletin, no. 53 (Fall 2015): 2, repro.
•2019—Wallach, Alan. “‘A Distasteful, Indelicate Subject’.” American Art 33, no. 3 (Fall 2019): 29, 30, color fig. 2.
From American Paintings of the Nineteenth Century, Part II:
1985.59.1
Rubens Peale with a Geranium
•1801
•Oil on Canvas, 71.4 × 61 (28 Vs × 24)
•Patrons’ Permanent Fund
•Inscriptions:
oAt Lower Right: Rem Peale / 1801
Technical Notes:
The tacking margins of the mediumweight plain-weave fabric support have been trimmed. The painting has been lined with a heavier weight plain-weave fabric that appears to be a prepared artist’s canvas; its white ground layer is visible on the reverse of the lining.1 The ground layer is creamy white and of medium thickness. Infrared reflectography revealed limited underdrawing in the right hand and the flowerpot. The paint was applied as a smooth, thin, fluid-to-dry paste, generally wet-into-wet, with some low impasto in the highlights. X-radiography reveals slight changes in the sitter’s neckwear. A small ruffle that was painted below the fabric around the sitter’s neck has been covered with addition to that fabric, and by the black waistcoat. Infrared reflectography reveals changes in the geranium leaves and shows that the entire rim of the flowerpot was painted before it was covered by the lower leaf.
There is moderate abrasion, which reveals the ground in some areas. There are also scattered pinpoint old flake losses, and occasional other repaired losses, including one measuring approximately i cm by 0.5 cm in the right side of the lens that is on the viewer’s right, and a slightly smaller loss outside and to the right of the frame around the same lens. The varnish is slightly discolored.
Provenance:
The artist; James Claypoole Copper, Philadelphia;2 Mary Jane Peale [1827-1902], Pottsville, Pennsylvania, the daughter of the sitter, Rubens Peale;3 her nephew, Albert Charles Peale [1849-1914], Washington, D.C.;4 his cousin, Jessie Sellers Colton [Mrs. Sabin Woolworth Colton, Jr., 1855-1932], Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania;5 her daughter, Mildred Colton [Mrs. Robert P.] Esty [1883-1977], Ardmore, Pennsylvania;6 sold to Lawrence A. Fleischman, Detroit, Michigan;7 (Kennedy Galleries, New York); purchased by Pauline E. [Mrs. Norman B.] Woolworth;8 (sale, Sotheby’s, New York, 5 December 1985, no. 42).
Exhibited:
Exhibition of Portraits by Charles Willson Peale and James Peale and Rembrandt Peale, PAFA, 1923, no. 73. Pennsylvania Painters, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio, 1955-1956, no. 11. The Fabulous Peale Family, Kennedy Galleries, New York, 1960, no. 74.9 American Art from American Collections, MM A, 1963, no. 185. The Peale Family and Peale’s Baltimore Museum, 1814-1830, PM, 1965, no. 16. The Peale Family: Three Generations of American Artists, DÍA; MWPI, 1967, no. 139. 19th Century America: Paintings and Sculpture, MM A, 1970, no. 2. The American Painting Collection of Mrs. Norman B. Woolworth, Coe Kerr Gallery, New York, 1970, no. 87. The Eye of Thomas Jefferson, NGA, 1976, no. 600. Painters of the Humble Truth: Masterpieces of American Still Life, Philbrook Art Center, Tulsa; Oakland Museum; BMA; NAD, 1981-1982, checklist no. 112. A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting 1760-1910, MFA; CGA; Grand Palais, Paris, 1983-1984, no. 11. Raphaelle Peale Still Lifes, NGA; PAFA, 1988-1989, no cat. no. In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale, ijj8-i86o, NPG, 1992-1993, no cat. no. The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy, 1770-1870, PMA; FAMSF; CGA, 1996-1997, no. 162.10
This portrait of seventeen-year-old Rubens Peale by his older brother Rembrandt Peale is among the finest portraits in the history of American art. Rembrandt Peale painted the portrait with exceptional care and precision, observing his brother so closely that the viewer feels emotionally as well as physically close to him. Rubens, seated at a table, leans slightly to his right and looks downward. He seems to be preoccupied and not looking through his silver-framed glasses. Next to him on the table is a tall, somewhat leggy geranium with green leaves and small red flowers, in a terra-cotta pot. Rubens’ left hand, resting on the table, holds a second pair of glasses, while his right hand, crossing his left, rests on the rim of the flowerpot, two fingers touching the soil. Rembrandt’s sensitivity toward his sibling seems to be mirrored in Rubens’ care for the plant, characterized by this gentle, nurturing gesture. Rembrandt also emphasizes the sense of touch over sight, since Rubens is not looking at the plant. Rembrandt has also carefully represented the direction of light, which falls from the upper left onto Rubens and the plant, perhaps signaling the depiction of a specific time and place.
Rubens Peale (1784-1865) was the ninth of eleven children of artist and naturalist Charles Willson Peale and his first wife Rachel. Six of their eleven children did not survive to adulthood, and Rachel herself died in 1790, when Rubens was a child. He was the younger brother of Raphaelle, Rembrandt, and Angelica Kauffmann Peale, and the older brother of Sophonisba Angusciola Peale. Rubens was small for his age, with poor eyesight, as he later described himself:
I was very delicate in health and our family phycian [sic] Dr. Hutchins required that I should be kept out of the sun as much as possible…. I was not permitted to playin the streets with the other boys…. I remember perfectly well of chasing my sister Sophonisba (now Mrs. Coleman Sellers) about the room with a paper mask on, and was so small that I ran under the tea table without touching it, or stooping in the least degree…. I made but little progress at school for my sight was so imperfect that I had to have a spelling book of clean print and white paper (at that date a very rare article) and seated as near the window as possible to see to read.11
Rubens’ restricted life soon changed for the better:
“One day when I returned from school I was informed that our family Phycian [sic] was dead, at this inteligence I was so much pleased that I danced about the room with joy. … I then went into the garden and took the watering pot and watered my flowers which I was forbid to do, and after that time I gradually increased in strength & health.”12
From an early age, Rubens had remarkable success at raising both plants and animals. Once, when his favorite bird, a painted bunting, was missing, he learned that his father’s friend, Timothy Matlack, had found the lost pet. Matlack refused to return it to Rubens until Rubens could convince him that it was his. “I told him that if the bird was mine, it would come to me to be corressed [sic], we entered the room together, at once the bird flew to me and lit on my sholder and wanted to feed out of my mouth and remained with me as long as we were in the room, he then acknoledged the bird belonged to me and give it up with much reluctance.”13
Rembrandt Peale probably painted his brother’s portrait sometime during the first six or seven months of 1801. At that time Rembrandt was eagerly seeking portrait commissions and also was attempting to get a patronage job in the administration of President Thomas Jefferson. Later, from midsummer until the end of that year, Rembrandt was preoccupied with his father’s extraordinary project to exhume and restore two almost complete mastodon skeletons found in upstate New York. One of the skeletons was ready for viewing at the museum on Christmas eve, 1801.14 Sometime within the next few years, Rembrandt gave the portrait to James Claypoole Copper, a member of the extended Peale family. Copper was the son of Norris Copper and Elizabeth Claypoole Copper; Elizabeth’s sister Mary was the wife of Rembrandt’s uncle, James Peale. In 1797 Copper’s widowed mother married Timothy Matlack (see the entry for 1947.17.10, p. 72, for the Gallery’s portrait of Matlack, which is attributed to Rembrandt Peale).15 Rembrandt Peale painted Copper’s portrait in about 1806 (private collection).10 Charles Willson Peale described him in 1809 to Rembrandt as “your friend Copper.”17 Copper managed Charles Willson Peale’s estate after Peale’s death in 1827.
Important information about the portrait comes from Rubens’ daughter Mary Jane Peale, to whom Copper gave the painting in 1854, when she was twenty-seven years old. When she recorded the gift in her diary on 20 April, she gave the history of the painting as she knew it, explaining why the geranium was significant and also why Peale was shown with two pairs of glasses. Since Rubens and Rembrandt Peale, Mary Jane’s father and uncle, were both living when Copper gave her the portrait, her comments carry considerable weight:
I called at Mr Coppers—he presented me with a very beautiful portrait of Father when about [age left blank] he is represented with a flower-pot in his hand containing a Waterloo geranium—when it was first introduced & considered very wonderful—a very fine specimen. It was first painted without spectacles & then to make it more perfect it was painted with spectacles on the eyes as he always wore them & then the others were left in order not to mar the picture. When it was painted Uncle Rembrant who painted the picture lived at the head of Mulberry Court. After the picture was finished it was placed in the window filling up the space of the lower sash—presently Father’s pet Dog a large mastiff—came running in to hunt Father & seeing him (as he thought) rushed towards it & would have bounded on him had not the family prevented it. This pleased them all very much. Mr. Copper was a very dear friend of Uncle Rembrants & always admired this picture very much so when Uncle went to Europe he presented this picture to Mr. Copper as something very good—so now before Mr. Copper died he wished to present it to Father’s daughter.18
Copper wrote Mary Jane on 28 April about the gift:
Dear Miss Peale It gives me much pleasure to acknowlege the receipt of a very pleasing note from the daughter of one of my old friends. I have necessarily delayed sending the portrait of your father until to day—I have looked at it many and many a time, with recollections of old times, of a mixed character, both of pleasure and regret, the natural result of the discontinuance of old habits and old associations. May your course through life, my dear young lady, leave you few causes of regret, and a great many thoughts of times well and happily spent. I request to be remembered most kindly to your good father & mother.19
At an unknown date Mary Jane Peale annotated the letter, repeating much of the information that she had written in her diary, but adding some important comments:
This letter was received by me from Mr. James G Copper. The Picture when painted was presented to him … He kept it during his life and when an old man sent for me, because he wanted to see if he liked me, and if he did he was going to give me the picture, so I suppose he liked me because he sent it. uncle Rembrant put on it a new back & cleaned it for me. It was painted on account of the Geranium which was the first one in this country. It was first painted without the glasses on but in the hand—they thought it would look better with them on, and they were painted—but uncle Rembrandt who painted it thought it would spoil the painting of the hand to take the others out, so they did not…. The geranium is a little withered in the painting room.20
Mary Jane Peale repeated and refined these stories in the 1880s. When she included the information in her “List of Pictures I Own, 1884,” she referred to the plant as “the Scarlet Geranium which was the first brought to this country.” She said that the painting “always belonged to Mr Copper.”21 The following year she repeated much of the information in her “List of Pictures I Own; 1885.”22 And in 1901 she again described the painting, this time in a codicil to her will, in which she stated that Peale had painted the portrait for Copper.23
In the portrait, Rubens and the geranium command equal attention. The plant becomes a significant means of characterizing the young man. Despite being named after the seventeenth-century painter Peter Paul Rubens, Rubens Peale by 1801 had demonstrated his skills as a naturalist rather than as an artist. Singled out by his father as a future museum proprietor, Rubens Peale later managed the Peale museums in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New York. In retrospect, he remembered how in 1793, not yet ten years old, he was entrusted with the care of unusual plants: “My Father received from France a number of subjects of Natural History in exchange for those he had sent, consisting of Birds, Reptáis, Insects & Seeds, amongst the latter was a paper of the Red Tomato & Okra. I planted them in potts, and had them growing, supposing them to be flowers, a french gentleman from St. Domingo recognized the Tomato as a favourite fruit of his. I gave the balance of these seeds to Mr. McMahon & Landreth, they soon introduced them in to the Phila, market.”24 His concern for his plants is reflected in letters he wrote to his family after he and Rembrandt left Philadelphia for New York in March 1802. Writing to his father on 2 April, he commented, “I hope my Plants are not negleckted.”25 On 19 April, he wrote his sister Sophonisba: “I think it is about time to take out the plants but I cannot judge for we left Summer in Philadelphia and brought winter along with us.”20
Mary Jane Peale’s comments about the geranium, when combined with information about the history of these plants in America, suggests that the painting may depict a new variety. In 1854 she described the plant as “a Waterloo geranium—when it was first introduced & considered very wonderful—a very fine specimen” and in 1884 as “the Scarlet Geranium which was the first brought to this country.” She also wrote that the portrait was “painted on account of the Geranium which was the first one in this country.” Is this a documented horticultural “first”?
Geraniums were first imported from South Africa to Europe in the early eighteenth century. The plants were introduced to North American horticulture in the mid-1700s. As tropical plants they required greenhouse, or hothouse, care in colder climates. In 1760 English horticulturist Peter Collinson wrote to his friend John Bartram in Philadelphia: “I am pleased thou will build a green-house. I will send thee seeds of Geraniums to furnish it. They have a charming variety, and make a pretty show in a green-house; but contrive and make a stove in it, to give heat in severe weather.”27 To distinguish this type of geranium from the other plants of the Geraniaceae family that were native to Europe or North America, French botanist Charles Louis L’Héritier de Brutelle established the genus Pelargonium in 1787.28 Geraniums became increasingly popular in America in the early nineteenth century. Philadelphia horticulturalist Bernard McMahon listed Pelargonium geraniums in his American Gardener’s Calendar; adapted to the Climates and Seasons of the United States (1806), explaining that “the Genus of Geranium, as constituted by Linnaeus, having become unwieldy by modern discoveries, has been divided into three genera.” He described details of their hothouse care and included instructions for growing seeds and cuttings.29 By 1808, Thomas Jefferson was growing Pelargonium geraniums in the White House.30
The plant in the portrait appears specifically to be a variety of Pelargonium inquinans, whose botanical features include velvety branches, softly textured leaves of five to seven lobes, scarlet flowers with five petals, and a long column of stamens. Its name inquinans (Latin for “staining”) is said to derive from the fact that its leaves turn a rusty or light brown color after they have been touched.31 The plant in the painting appears to have the characteristic brownish red tint on the edges of the lowest leaf.32 This scarlet-flowered geranium was first grown in England in the early lyoos.33 An engraving of the plant published in Hortus Elthamensis (London, 1732), an account by J. J. Dillenius of the gardens of Dr. James Sherard at Eltham, near London, is very similar to the plant in Peale’s painting.34
Philadelphian William Logan apparently ordered seeds of the plant among the vegetable and flower seeds that he acquired in 1768 from James Gordon’s nursery in London.35 In 1806 Bernard McMahon listed Pelargonium inquinans in his American Gardener’s Calendar, giving the plant’s English name as “scarlet-flowered geranium.”36 By this time, however, P. inquinans was already becoming rare, probably because it was the stock plant from which new varieties were produced. A London writer commented that P. inquinansy or “Stainingleaved Crane’s bill,” a “very old Geranium, once very common, is now a scarce plant. There are several fine scarlets under the title of the Nosegay Geraniums, that resemble this species, and are sometimes confounded with it, but upon comparison will be found to differ materially.”37 Years later, American horticulturalist Joseph Breck confirmed this, identifying P. inquinans as “probably the original of the Scarlet varieties.”38
Mary Jane Peale’s claim for the plant as “the first brought to this country” thus seems to refer not to the geranium in general but rather to a particular variety, perhaps of P. inquinans, that became known as the “Waterloo” geranium. In 1834 the “Waterloo geranium” was listed by horticulturalist Robert Buist among forty-nine varieties of the plant.39 Presumably the naming of the plant postdates the Battle of Waterloo (1815) and somehow relates to it.
While the geranium in the painting serves to define Rubens’ interests, and perhaps was intended as the subject of the painting, the two pairs of eyeglasses are critical in characterizing Rubens’ physical state. His poor eyesight was already apparent in early childhood, when it was identified as nearsightedness. Rembrandt later described Rubens’ difficulties:
A younger brother was so near-sighted, that I have seen him drawing, with pencils of his own manufacture—small sticks burnt in the candle and dipped in its grease—looking sometimes with his left eye, and then turning to look with his right eye, the end of his nose was blackened with his greasy charcoal. He was slow in his progress at school…. At ten years of age, he only knew two letters, o and i, never having distinctly seen any others, because his master, holding the book at a distance to suit his own eye, his pupil could see nothing but a blurred line—and only learned by rote.40
One day, a chance use of lenses made for an elderly person showed that Rubens was farsighted, a rare condition for a child but one that normally occurs in the elderly.41 Rubens described the correction to his eyesight in his “Memorandum’s”: “My sight has always been very bad and it was not untill I was about 10 or 12 years of age, that I could procure any glasses that aided my sight. I had to put the book or paper so close to my face that my nose would frequently touch the book. It was always thought that I required concave glasses and every degree of concavity was tried in vain, at last I happened to take a large burning-glass and placed it to my eye and to my great astonishment I saw at a distance every thing distinctly.”42 He wrote that after this discovery, “My father then went with me to Mr. Chs. [John] M’Alister’s store in Chesnut near 2d. st. He had no spectacles of so high a power, & he then set in a frame glasses of 4 ½ inch focus, with these spectacles I could see to read and even to read the signs across the street. This surprised him very much, he had never met with such a case before, (strange to say I still continue to use the glasses of the same focus ever since.) It was not until this discovery was made, that I could read a newspaper or other small print.”43
This story was later confirmed by Rembrandt Peale:
No concave glasses afforded him the least relief; but at Mr. M’Allister’s, the optician, my father being in consultation on his case, there lay on the counter several pairs of spectacles, which had just been tried by a lady ninety years old. Taking up one of these and putting it on, he exclaimed in wild ecstasy, that he could see across the street—”There’s a man!—there’s a woman!—there’s a dog!” These glasses were double convex of four and a half inch focus, and enabled him rapidly to advance in his studies. He has continued to use them, of the same strength, to the present time, being seventy years old—putting them on the first thing in the morning, and taking them off the last thing at night. In London in 1802, he was present at a lecture on optics, by Professor Walker, who declared he had never known another instance of a shortsighted person requiring strong magnifying glasses.44
Rubens’ need for magnification, rather than for concave glasses, was also noted by John Isaac Hawkins, an Englishman who had come to the United States in the 17905 and settled in Philadelphia by 1799. An engineer and prolific inventor, Hawkins worked closely with Charles Willson Peale, inventing the physiognotrace for his museum and the polygraph that Thomas Jefferson used to make copies of his correspondence.45 Hawkins took an interest in the problem of Rubens’ eyesight. In 1826, after he had returned to England, he described Rubens’ case in a published paper that he illustrated with an engraving of a design for trifocals. “I knew twenty-five years ago a very extraordinary exception to the use of concave glasses for nearsighted eyes, in a young man in Philadelphia; he tried concaves without any benefit, but accidentally taking up a pair of strong magnifiers, he found that he could see well through them, and continued the use of strong magnifiers with great advantage.”46
Evidence in the painting itself suggests that Mary Jane Peale was correct in stating that Rubens was first painted with only one pair of glasses, those in his hand. When Rembrandt added the second pair, she said, he did not remove the spectacles from Rubens’ hand because he did not want to “spoil the painting.” The artist has indicated clearly that the pair of glasses that Rubens holds has the strong magnifying lenses that he needed : The sidebar that is folded behind the glasses can be seen through the lenses, which have enlarged the image. (Because the sidebar is folded at its center joint, the loop at the end of the sidebar can also be seen, between the two lenses.)47 The power of these lenses is also indicated by the curve of their surface. A reflection of the studio window is visible in the lower corner of the lens that is farther from Rubens’ hand. By contrast, the glasses that Rubens is wearing do not enlarge his eyes, which suggests that they are not of high magnification. In fact, they seem to be carefully placed so that they do not interrupt the outline of his eyes. Instead only the flesh of his cheeks is visible through them. Rembrandt’s slightly later portrait of Rubens (NPG), painted in 1807, offers a helpful comparison. There, Rembrandt clearly represented Rubens wearing lenses with strong magnification. They quite noticeably enlarge the inner corner of Rubens’ left eye and the outer area of his right eye.48
Since two early portraits of Rubens by his brother Raphaelle Peale do not show him with glasses,49 only one other early portrait provides helpful evidence on the question of which glasses are original to the painting. The portrait of Rubens that Charles Willson Peale included in his painting Exhumation of the Mastodon (1805-1808, PM) depicts Rubens wearing glasses that appear to be of the same shape as those he is holding in the Gallery’s portrait.50 This type of frame, with large lenses and a wide bridge, was commercially available by 1801.51 In contrast, the glasses that Rubens wears, with a narrow bridge, were apparently less common.52 They are similar in shape to glasses made for the Peales and their acquaintances by John McAllister, the man that Rubens credited with assembling his first successful pair of glasses. The spectacles that McAllister made for Thomas Jefferson in 1806 (Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, Inc., Charlottesville) are similar in their narrow bridge, although the shape of the lenses is different.53 The pair that Charles Willson Peale is wearing on his forehead in his self-portrait of about 1804 (PAFA) is also similar, as is the pair that Rubens wears in Rembrandt’s 1807 portrait of him.
McAllister was a Scottish-born Philadelphia merchant and manufacturer who came to Philadelphia from New York in 1781. He opened a business selling canes and walking sticks, and by 1788 was a manufacturer of these and related merchandise. In 1796 he moved into a new shop at 48 Chestnut
Street, near Second Street. He was not an optician and until 1815 did not make spectacles; instead he imported and sold the frames, using lenses made elsewhere. It is believed that he first sold spectacles in 1799; his first advertisement for them appeared in the Philadelphia Gazette and Daily Advertiser in October 1800, at the beginning of his three-year partnership with John Matthews.54 With the exception of this partnership, McAllister’s business was at 48 Chestnut Street until his death in 1830. The earliest written evidence that he supplied spectacles for Charles Willson Peale is from 1806, when he made glasses for Peale and his brother James that were specially designed for miniature painting.55
One modern explanation for the two pairs of glasses was offered by Dr. John R. Levene, an optometrist. Noting that the lenses of the spectacles in Rubens’ hand are larger, and the bridge wider, than those of the pair he is wearing, Levene proposed that Rubens may have worn the pair in his hand lower down on his nose “for reading or close work purposes.” When both were worn at the same time, the combination could have created the effect of bifocals.56 Levene, however, was unaware of Mary Jane Peale’s accounts.57 Having read her statements, art historian John Wilmerding more recently noted a lack of physical evidence in the painting that would support her idea that the second pair of glasses was added. X-radiography revealed no measurable changes in the paint surface or reworking of the area. Wilmerding added that “these spectacles seem so integral and central to the entire effect and meaning of the painting that they must have been part of the intention and composition from the start.”58
Physical evidence is of limited help in solving the question. Close study of the painting did not reveal a reserved space for the glasses or for the reflected light on his cheeks, indicating that Peale did not set aside an area for the glasses when he painted the face. Examination of the surface of the painting revealed instead that the glasses were painted over the brushwork of the lower eyelids. However, this would be the case whether or not the glasses were intended to be there from the beginning, since they could have been painted at the final stage. Billie Follensbee has suggested that there is additional evidence that Mary Jane Peale’s narrative is accurate: the nature of the reflected pools of light on Rubens’ cheeks and the lack of distortion of his eyes as seen through the lenses. These pools of reflected light, which would indicate strong lenses, could easily have been added to a completed portrait. Repainting the eyes to indicate the magnification of the lenses would have been more difficult.59 In showing only the flesh of Rubens’ cheeks through the lenses, Rembrandt would not have had to alter the painting.
When would the glasses have been added? Presumably before Rembrandt Peale gave the painting to James Claypoole Copper. Mary Jane Peale wrote in 1854 that “Mr. Copper … always admired this picture very much so when Uncle went to Europe he presented this picture to Mr. Copper as something very good.”60 In her annotation of his letter, she modified this statement, saying that “The Picture when painted was presented to him.”61 If her comments are accurate, the gift could have been made before Rembrandt Peale’s first voyage abroad in 1802, when he and Rubens took the mastodon skeleton, with other natural history objects and some portraits, to England for exhibition.62 Rembrandt could also have given Copper the portrait before his trip to Europe in 1808, by which time he had painted his second portrait of Rubens, who in that portrait is seen wearing his glasses.63
The initial absence of the pair of spectacles reinforces Mary Jane Peale’s comment that the painting was done primarily to represent the geranium. “The geranium,” as she wrote in her annotation of Copper’s letter, “is a little withered in the painting room.” The sitter’s glance away from the plant places the emphasis on his gesture, touching the rim of the pot, as if to test the moistness of the soil. He is not looking at the plant, and his gesture does not need the sense of sight to confirm the information it receives. One could imagine that Rubens Peale was eager to take the withered geranium out of his brother’s painting room and return it to his own care.
EGM
Notes
1.Mary Jane Peale wrote that after the painting was given to her in 1854, her uncle Rembrandt Peale “put on it a new back & cleaned it for me”; undated annotation on letter from James Glaypoole Copper to Mary Jane Peale, 28 April 1854, AAA.
2.The date of Copper’s acquisition of the painting is unknown. Mary Jane Peale believed that he owned it almost from the time it was painted. In 1854 she wrote that “when Uncle [Rembrandt Peale] went to Europe,” he gave the portrait to Copper. In an undated annotation to Copper’s letter (28 April 1854, AAA), she wrote that “the Picture when Painted was presented to him.” Later, in her will, she said that it was “painted for him by Mr. Rembrandt Peale.” On Copper, see Graff 1893, 79, 101-102, which does not record his life dates. His parents were married in 1774.
3.For Mary Jane Peale’s dates, see the genealogy of the Peale Family in Elam 1967,10, and Miller 1992, 231. For information that she lived in Pottsville, see Hevner, “Rembrandt” 1986,1012.
4.Mary Jane Peale bequeathed the portrait to her nephew Albert Charles Peale, the son of her brother Charles Willson Peale and Harriet Friel Peale; see her will dated 27 June 1901 and the second codicil dated 6 September 1901, Register of Wills, Courthouse, Pottsville, Pennsylvania. (The will is signed and dated 1900, but is referred to in codicils as dated 1901; that date is more likely, given the date of the codicüs.) Albert Peale was one of the executors of Mary Jane Peale’s estate. For his dates, see Charles Coleman Sellers, “Peale Genealogy,” MS, Peale Papers Office, NPG; also, NCAB 1893-, 21:255-256.
5.The painting belonged to Jessie Sellers Colton by 1923, when she lent it to the exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. A label formerly on the painting (in NGA curatorial files) gives her name and address, and states that she was the great-niece of Rubens Peale. For her dates, see Sellers, “Peale Genealogy.”
6.Mrs. Esty owned the portrait when it was reproduced in Sellers 1947 (opp. 147, fig. 12) and lent it in 1955 to the exhibition at Pennsylvania State University. For her birth date see Sellers, “Peale Genealogy”; her date of death is recorded in Social Register Association 1978, 98.
7.Fleischman confirmed his ownership of the portrait in a letter of 19 December 1985 to the Gallery (in NGA curatorial files).
8.Mrs. Woolworth was the owner by 1963, when she lent the painting to the exhibition American Art from American Collections at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
9.“Fabulous” 1960, 76-77, fig. 74, “loaned by a private collector.”
10.This work has been identified in the past as having been exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1807 and at the Peale Museum in 1808. Peale included “No. 15 Rubens Peale by Rembrandt” in a sketch of the proposed arrangement for the academy in 1807 (Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1047 and note 4; Hevner, “Rembrandt” 1986, 1011-1012). He wrote to Rembrandt in 1808 that he was exhibiting “Your Portrait of … Rubens” at the museum (Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1096, 1098n.15; Hevner, “Rembrandt” 1986, 1012). More recently, however, Hevner noted that she believes that in both cases the portrait exhibited was probably the portrait of Rubens that Rembrandt painted in 1807 (NPG); note dated 20 December 1989 (in NPG curatorial files).
11.Rubens Peale, “Memorandum’s of Rubens Peale and the events of his life &c,” Peale-Sellers Papers, APS; see Miller 1980, fiche VIIB/1A2-G9, 5-6 (pagination added by the editors). Peale’s “Memorandum’s” are a rough chronology of events, beginning with his childhood. While he occasionally gives specific dates, they appear to be approximate. For example, he wrote that he sailed to England “early in the year 1801,” when in fact this voyage occurred in the summer of 1802. Family physician Dr. James Hutchinson was also professor of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania and secretary of the American Philosophical Society; Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1911.1.
12.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” 6-7.
13.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” 5.
14.For his activities in this period, see Miller, Hart,
1.and Ward 1988, 350-379; and Miller 1992, 47-54.
15.Graff 1893, 79.
16.Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1241n. 2.
17.Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1235; the letter is dated 28 October 1809.
18.Diary of Mary Jane Peale, 1854, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS; partially quoted in Hevner 1987,1996; and Follensbee 1997, 420.
19.Letter from James Claypoole Copper to Mary Jane Peale, 28 April 1854, AAA. The letter was written from 260 Marshall Street, which was Copper’s Philadelphia residence; see McElroy 1854,102.
20.Undated annotation by Mary Jane Peale on letter to her from James Claypoole Copper, 28 April 1854, AAA.
21.Mary Jane Peale, “List of Pictures I Own, 1884,” n.p., no. 34, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS. She added that “I have left it to Albert, in my will.” The portrait is also included in her “List of Pictures owned by Mary J. Peale & where they are,” 1883, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS, as “lo. Father when nineteen with Geranium by Rem Peale/’ located “at home.”
22.Mary Jane Peale, “List of Pictures I Own; 1885,” no. 24, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS (courtesy of Billie Follensbee, who located the document). The list has an annotation, “Rubens Peale,” in the left margin, which was crossed out. Below it was written “Albert Peale.” These notations seem to reflect Mary Jane Peak’s ideas about the recipient of the future bequest.
23.Will dated 27 June 1901, with second codicil dated 6 September 1901, Register of Wills, Court House, Pottsville, Pennsylvania. In the codicil she wrote: “The portrait of Father with the Geranium, the first brought to this country, and painted on account of the plant which shews [sic] that it was in the studio being a little withered. It was at first painted without the spectacles and afterwards put on. given to me by Mr. Copper, painted for him by Mr. Rembrandt Peale.” An undated draft of her will states: “I give to my niece Fannie Carrier the miniature of my Father by Miss Anna Peale afterwards Mrs. Duncan, unless Rubens would prefer it to the portrait of my Father with the Geranium given me by Mr. Copper for whom it was painted,” and “The picture of my Father painted by Uncle Rembrandt for Mr. Copper & given me by him I give to Albert” (Peale-Sellers Papers, APS). A “Last Will and Testament, 1883” that has occasionally been cited as in NGA curatorial files is in fact a partial photocopy of the 1901 will and codicil.
24.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” n. David Landreth came to Philadelphia in 1781 and established the city’s first nursery and seed business in 1784. He was probably Bernard McMahon’s first employer after McMahon arrived in the United States from Ireland in 1796. McMahon established his own business in Philadelphia in 1802; Pennsylvania Horticultural Society 1976, 22.
25.Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 421-422.
26.Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 427.
27.Darlington 1849, 224-225, letter of 15 September 1760; Hedrick 1950, 88; Pennsylvania Horticultural Society 1976, 24.
28.For example, Thomas Jefferson asked John Bartram, Jr., to include two American geraniums, Geranium maculatum and Geranium gibbosum, in a group of American plants that were sent to him in Paris in 1786; see Jefferson to John Bartram, Jr., 27 January 1786 (Boyd 1954, 228-230). The first, known as wild geranium or spotted crane’s bill, has rose-purple flowers and deeply divided leaves, while the second is a shrubby plant with deep greenish yellow flowers. See Betts 1944, 109-110; Betts and Perkins 1971, 57; Bailey 1900-1902, 2: 640; Clark 1988, 92. On the history and botanical features of geraniums and pelargoniums, see Bailey 1900-1902, 3:1257-1264; Van der Walt and Vorster 1977-1981; Everett 1981, 5: 1462-1465, 8: 2527; and Clark 1988,15-21, 93.
29.McMahon 1806, 83, 160, 355, 419, 444, 615, 618.
30.Adams 1976, 346, no. 600, written by Charles Coleman Sellers; see also 351 for botanical notes on Pelargonium. In December 1808 Margaret Bayard Smith asked Jefferson if he would give her the geranium that he kept in the White House, when he left Washington; he did this at the end of his second term the following spring; see Betts 1944, 382-383.
31.Van der Walt and Vorster 1977-1981, 1:23 and color repro. opp. 23.
32.Some writers believed that the name came about because the plant produced a red stain. Henry Andrews (1805, 2:n.p.) described the source as “the stems, which are beset with glands containing a red juice, which rubbed on paper stains it; from whence its specific title of Inquinans.”
33.Hobhouse 1992, 115; it was grown by Henry Compton (1632-1713), bishop of London, in his garden at Fulham Palace.
34.Dillenius 1732,151-152, and pi. cxxv, opp. 151, titled Geranium Afric. arborescent, Malvae folio pingui, flor e coccíneo Pein. The plate is reproduced in Bailey 1900-1902, 3: 1257, fig. 1698; see also 3: 1261-1262. See also Clark 1988,15.
35.Hobhouse 1992, 269, states that this order included inquinans but gives no source for this information.
36.McMahon 1806, 618.
37.Andrews 1805, 2:n.p.
38.Breck 1866, 310.
39.Buist 1834, no. The only indication of its color is the fact that the list is arranged by color of the flowers, from lightest to darkest, with this variety as number thirty-two out of forty-nine.
40.Peale, “Painter’s Eyes” 1856,164.
41.The first specialist to discuss Rubens’ eyesight in relation to this portrait was Dr. John R. Levene, a professor of optometry; see Levene 1977, 171-173. Opthalmologist Charles E. Letocha, M.D., of York, Pennsylvania, identified Peale’s condition to the Gallery staff in a letter of 4 February 1986 and subsequent correspondence (in NGA curatorial files). See also Letocha 1987, 476 (reference courtesy of Billie J. A. Follensbee). The most recent study of this portrait in relation to Peale’s eyesight and need for glasses is Follensbee 1997.
42.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” 7. A burning-glass is a converging lens used to focus the sun’s rays on an object so as to produce heat or combustion.
43.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” 7-8.
44.Peale, “Painter’s Eyes,” 1856,164-165.
45.On Hawkins, see Levene 1977, 166-189; and Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988.
46.Hawkins 1827, 39I-392J ne identified the “young man” as Rubens Peale. The reference is quoted in Levene 1977, 171, where Hawkins’ illustration, an engraving of his trifocals, is reproduced on 184, as figure 7.1.
47.The folded sidebar is commented on by Levene 1977, 172; and Wilmerding, “Young Masters” 1988, 86.
48.The portrait bears two inscribed dates, 1807 and 1821; the earlier date was not visible until the painting was cleaned in 1989 after it was acquired by the National Portrait Gallery. The painting was therefore incorrectly dated in Hevner, “Rembrandt” 1986, 1012, and is correctly dated in Hevner 1992, 260, fig. 124.
49.The first shows Rubens dressed as the mascot of McPherson’s Blues (c. 1795, private collection; illustrated in Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, color pi. 2, opp. 344); the second is a profile watercolor (c. 1805, NMAA;Miles 1994, ii2, repro.). Among later portraits, Anna Claypoole Peale’s miniature of 1822 (Bolton-Smith 1976,255, no. 212, repro.) and Mary Jane Peale’s portrait of 1855 ( Elam 1967, 138, no. 223, repro. 116) show him with glasses, while Rembrandt Peal’s portrait of 1834 ( Wadsworth Athenaeum) does not (Hevner 1985,76-77, no. 23, repro.).
50.On this painting, see Miller 1981, 47-68.
51.Numerous examples can be found in collections that document the history of eyeglasses; see Poulet 1978, 1: 142-144,148-150, 2: 217.
52.They appear less frequently in collections of eyeglasses. W. Poulet (1978, 1 : 155) illustrates as B 1077 a similar pair of frames with extendable sidebars, c. 1800 (they are not exactly the same, since they have rectangular lenses).
53.On these glasses, see the letter of John McAllister to Thomas Jefferson, 14 November 1806, Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress (transcript in NGA curatorial files, provided by Dr. Charles E. Letocha); Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1006-1008, and note 1. Jefferson’s glasses are illustrated in Stein 1993,430.
54.Information on McAllister is from Danzenbaker 1968,1-4; correspondence of Dr. Charles E. Letocha, 4 February and 24 February 1986 (in NGA curatorial files); Letocha 1987,476; and research notes compiled by Deborah Jean Warner, curator, Physical Sciences Collections, NMAH.
55.John McAllister to Thomas Jefferson, 14 November 1806, Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress (transcript in NGA curatorial files, provided by Charles Letocha). McAllister’s bank books for 1796-1797, 1800-1801, and 1807-1809 (Hagley Museum and Library, Wilmington, Delaware) were checked for references to members of the Peale family, but none was found.
56.Levene 1977,172.
57.Follensbee 1997,58.
58.Wilmerding, “Young Masters” 1988, 85.
59.Follensbee 1997, 420-421.
60.Diary of Mary Jane Peale, 1854, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS.
61.Undated annotation by Mary Jane Peale on letter to her from James Claypoole Copper, 28 April 1854, AAA.
62.See Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 419-474, 485-603 (correspondence between Charles Willson Peale and his sons from January until their return in November 1803, interspersed with other Peale correspondence), 624n.2 (noting their return). See also Miller 1992, 57-71. Lillian Miller (1992, 58-59) suggests that Rembrandt took the painting to London in 1802, intending it as the pendant to his similarly sized self-portrait with the mammoth tooth, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1803. Carol Hevner (1992, 255, citing Graves 1905-1906, 6:87) indicates that the second portrait that Rembrandt exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1803 was a “Portrait in Chalk,” which does not describe the portrait of Rubens.
63.See note 10 above for discussion of the possible exhibition of the portrait at the PAFA in 1807 and at the PM in 1808.
References
•1947—Sellers: fig. 12, opp. 147.
•1956—Rendezvous: 2 repro., 28, no. 82 (not exhibited).
•1965—Feld 1283, repro.
•1971—Gerdts and Burke: 36, repro. 34, figs. 2-12.
•1976—Adams: 346, no. 600, repro.
•1976—Pennsylvania Horticultural Society: 24, repro. 27.
•1977—Levene: 171-172.
•1981—Gerdts: 3, color pl. 3, 62-63.
•1984—Foshay: 32-34, repro.
•1985—Hevner: 20, 21 fig. 5, 103n. 8.
•1986—Hevner, “Rembrandt”: 1010-1013, color repro.
•1986—Hevner, “Rubens”: 114-116, fig. 1 (color).
•1987—Hevner: 1996 and color repro., cover.
•1988—Miller, Hart, and Ward: 1047n. 4, 1096, 1098n. 15, 1241n. 2, color pl. 6, between 344 and 345.
•1988—Wilmerding, American Masterpieces: 66, no. 10; 67, color repro.
•1988—Wilmerding, “Young Masters”: 72-93.
•1992—Hevner: 255.
•1992—Miller: 57-60, fig. 22, 160, color pi. 4, 243.
•1992—NGA: 256, repro.
•1996—Miller: 35 (repro), 51-52, 309.
•1997—Follensbee: 417-424, repro.
With grateful acknowledgement to the Roll of Honour site, which provided the starting point for the information below. All information sourced from there is shown as (RoH)
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/CastleAcre.html
Ernest James Archer……………….................................(RoH)
Private 32609. 7th Battalion East Surrey Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 20th November 1917. Aged 35. Born North Pickenham, Norfolk. Enlisted London. Son of James Tertius Archer and Sarah Ann Archer, of Castle Acre, Swaffham, Norfolk; husband of Ethel Elizabeth Archer, of "Olives, Shrewsbury Rd., Red Hill, Surrey. Commemorated: Cambrai Memorial, Louverval, Nord, France. Panel 6.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1750838
No match on Picture Norfolk
There is no apparent match for an Ernest Archer of the right age or with a Norfolk connection on the Genes Re-united transcription of the 1901 Census for England and Wales. There is however a James and Sarah Ann Archer recorded at Bailey Street, Castle Acre. James is aged 45 and a Prudential Assurance Agent from Great Cressingham, while Sarah Ann is aged 47 and is from Saham Toney. The children recorded as living with them are Edgar Robert, (aged 14 and a Telegraph Messenger for the Post Office, born Ashill), Edwin George, (aged 10 and born Castle Acre), and Eleanor Hannah, (aged 4 and born Castle Acre).
On the high level search of the 1911 census, there is an Ernest of the right age born “ L Pickering” and now recorded in the Strand registration district.
The battalion took part in the battle of Cambrai, advancing from Gonnelieu through La Vacquerie on the 20th November. They were driven back on the 30th by the German counter-attack
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=116... 1917 surreys&fromsearch=1entry1111687
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)
Henry James Askew DCM…………………...................(RoH)
Serjeant 38229. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th April 1918. Aged 36. Born Weasenham, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Son of the late John and Emily Askew; husband of Mary Ann Askew, of 75, Pales Green, Castle Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk. Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal. Commemorated: Tyne Cot Memorial, Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 34 to 35 and 162A.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=846448
No match on Picture Norfolk
Henry James is recorded on the 1901 Census as James. He is aged 19, born Weasenham and employed as an Agricultural Labourer. His address is just recorded as Weasenham. This is the household of his parents, John, (aged 47 and an Agricultural Labourer from East Dereham), and Frances, (aged 44 and from Weasenham). Their other cildren are:-
Anthony………………………aged 13.……………….born Weasenham
Charles……………………………aged 2 …………………born Weasenham
Herbert…………………………..aged 7.………………..born Weasenham
William…………………………..aged 10.……………….born weasenham
The 9th were moved to the Ypres salient on April 1st 1918 and moved to Dranoute on the 14th.
" Next day D and A companies were in front line, C in support and B in reserve. Arrangements had been made for C to counter attack if necessary but it's losses owing to the continuous heavy bombardment commencing at noon on the 15th necessitated B taking it's place as the counter attack force. At 2.30pm on the 15th the enemy advanced and by 3pm had gained a foothold in the front trenches. From these he was once again driven out by B company. Although B held the line and formed a defensive flank they were eventually themselves driven out due to their exposed position.
Line was then formed along the railway with the Ist Leicesters on their left at Clapham Junction. At 10.30pm they were moved back behind Mt Kemmel before being pulled out of line on the 18th.
This was after the 9th had been badly cut up a month before holding the masive German onslaught of the 21st March. Here they had fought a strong rearguard action before being moved out of line to for a refit in Sixte near Proven on the 26th.
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t...
Bernard Beck MC………………………….......................(RoH)
3rd Battalion The King's (Liverpool Regiment). Killed in action on 18th August 1916. Awarded the Military Cross. Buried: Flatiron Copse Cemetery, Mametz, Somme, France. Ref. I. B. 28.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=556258
No match on Picture Norfolk
Bernard is on the church memorial and not the village memorial, therefore at this time I must assume the information about the MC is correct, and therefore the correct individual has been identified.
There are 5 Bernard Beck’s on the 1901 Census, none with any obvious connections to East Anglia, let alone Castle Acre. Intriguingly, two are pupils at Boarding schools, so impossible to see if there are family ties to this area. Four of the five are on the 1911 census, still all well away from Norfolk. There is a Bernard Beck born circa 1909 at Tunstead, Norfolk, but this can hardly be the someone who died as a combatant in WW1.
There is also a Bernard Beck on the Weasenham Roll of Honour who is believed to be the Liverpool Regiment man.
www.breckland-rollofhonour.org.uk/weasenham.html
However, the link is finally made clear by the Kings Lynn Roll of Honour page.
Lieutenant (Temporary Captain). 3rd attached 4th Liverpool Regiment. Awarded the Military Cross, London Gazette, 25/8/1916: 'For conspicuous gallantry during operations. Under heavy fire he established and maintained for six hours communications between the front line and the H.Q.'s of an infantry brigade.' Killed in action France 18/8/1916. Flat Iron Copse cemetery, Mametz, I.B. 28 Note: until 2000 his headstone did not show the award of the M.C., this has since been corrected.
Born Winton Lodge, Leyton Court Road, Streatham, 13/6/1890, son of Harry, a wine merchant, and Julia Beck. He was well known for his interests in farming and held High House Farm, Weasenham. Married Enid Brown, of King's Lynn, and had one child. His wife subsequently remarried, to Mr. Neill, and emigrated to Australia on 26/9/1919.
Enlisted in the 8th Reserve Cavalry Regiment, 24/8/1914, this unit was affiliated to the 16th and 17th Lancers and he is noted as being 6462, Private, 16th Lancers.
Commissioned 15/10/1914. To the Western Front, June, 1915. He was acting second in command of his battalion when he was killed. Death notified by telegram 23/8/1916.
His service papers are at the National Archive (WO339/29583).
Also named on All Saints Church, South Lynn, Memorial Window
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/KingsLynn.html
John Blowers………………………………...................................(RoH),
Private 3/10310. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th September 1916. Aged 40. Born Sporle, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Mrs. Maria Blowers; husband of Ethel Mary Blowers, of 40, Broad Meadow Common, Castle Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk. Commemorated: Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=766296
No match on Picture Norfolk
There isn’t a likely match on the 1901 Census and even on the 1911 Census, we have a “30 year old” John Blowers rather than the 34/35 year old we‘d expect. This John Blowers was born Sporle, and is now recorded in the Freebridge District, the District which covers Castle Acre.
Going back to the 1891 Census makes things a little clearer. The John Blowers from Sporle is aged 14, and resident at The Street, Sporle and employed as an Agricultural Labourer. This is the household of his parents, James, (aged 62 and an Agricultural Labourer from Sporle), and Maria, (aged 57 and from Scarning). Their other children are Jane, (aged 11), and Leonard, (aged 8), both from Sprole.
15th September 1916
On September 15th the 1st Leicesters and the 9th Norfolks attacked a German strongpoint called the Quadrilateral in the region of Flers. The attack was originally planned to include 3 tanks in support but two broke down before zero hour and the third was disabled at the start of the advance.
At zero hour the leading companies ("D" & "B") moved off at a steady pace, advancing in four lines at 30 paces interval, the supporting companies ("C" & "A") following in the same formation 300 yards in the rear, and the enemy at once opened a heavy machine gun fire.
The Battalion suffered heavily from the machine gun fire and was held up by the undamaged wire in the front of a German trench, leading from the North West corner of the Quadrilateral, the existence of which was not known. Despite having dug in overnight the Battalion was forced to withdraw the next day having lost 14 officers and 410 other ranks killed, wounded or missing.
www.whitwick.org.uk/history/regulars.htm
See John William Green below, who died in the same action.
Algier Buckenham……………………………........................(RoH)
Lance Corporal 21274. 8th Battalion Border Regiment. Formerly 19076 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 5th July 1916. Born North Pickenham, Norfolk. Lived Swaffham. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 6 A and 7 C.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=766146
No match on Picture Norfolk
The 10 year Algier, (born South Pickenham), is recorded on the 1901 Census at Place Farm Cottages, Great & Little Snarehill, near Thetford. This was the household of his parents, Frederick Buckenham, (aged 47 and an Agricultural Labourer from Great Cressingham) and Charlotte, (aged 47 and also from Great Cressingham). Their other children are:-
Ada………………aged 12.…………born Great Cressingham
Archer………….aged 8.……………born East Winch
Bessie………….aged 3.……………born East Winch
Frederick……..aged 27.…………born Great Cressingham..Single..Housekeeper on Farm
Harry…………..aged 21.…………born Great Cressingahm..Single..Agricultural Labourer
Jesse…………..aged 26.…………born Great Cressingham…Single..Cattleman on Farm
William John..aged 17.………..born Great Cressingham…Single..Agricultural Labourer
Making up the household is the Buckenham’s grandson, Thomas Buckenham, (aged 4, born East Winch). The 1911 census also refers to Algier being born at South Pickenham, and he is by now recorded on the District that covers Castle Acre. Also resident in the same district are Jesse, William John, Archer and Bessie.
I can find information on the Brigade of which Algier’s 8th Borders was a part being in action on the 3rd, but nothing major on the 5th - I can only assume this was part of holding the little that had been gained so far in the battle of the Somme.
North of Ovillers, the 32nd Div reinforced by 75 Bde of 25th Div attacked the Leipzig Redoubt near Authuille Wood. There was utter confusion over start times and the 32nd Div attack consisted of only two companies of the Highland Light Infantry. After two attempts no gains were made.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=9058
Hugh T Buxton………………………………...........................(RoH)
Probably: Private 43881. 14th Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 8th October 1918. Born and enlisted Norwich. Buried: Haringhe (Bandaghem) Military Cemetery, Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. III. A. 40.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=93599
No match on Picture Norfolk
The 1911 Census has a 13 year old Hugh, born Swafield and now resident in the Freebridge District which includes Castle Acre. Although I have limited access to this, the family seems to consist of:-
James……….aged 46/born circa 1865 at Sparham
Sarah………..aged 45/born circa 1866 at Elsing
Ernest……….aged 19/born circa 1892 at Sparham
Arthur……….aged 15/born circa 1896 at Sparham
Stanley……..aged 5/born circa 1906 at Castle Acre
Allen………….aged 3/born circa 1908 at Castle Acre
The Genes Re-united site also confirms that’s the CWGC individual from the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and shown as H T in their records, is in fact a Hugh T.
The 14th Division, of which this battalion was part, lists amongst its battle honours
Battle of Ypres. 28 Sep-2 Oct 1918
www.warpath.orbat.com/divs/14_div.htm
Sydney G Buxton…………………………..........................(RoH)
Probably: Sidney George Buxton. Private 21399. 2nd Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers. Formerly 18866 West Yorkshire Regiment. Died in the Mediterranean Theatre of war on 10th September 1916. Born Elsing, Norfolk. Enlisted York. Commemorated: Doiran Memorial, Greece.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1648984
No match on Picture Norfolk
No obvious match on the 1901 Census, but the 1911 Census includes a George Buxton living at Castle Acre. He was born circa 1881 at East Barham. On the 1891 Census the 10 year old old George A, (born Walsingham, Fakenham),can be found at Waterhouse Cottage, Birmingham Terrace, Walsingham, This is the household of his parents, Alfred A. (aged 35 and a Horse Team Man) and Caroline, (age n\k from Saxingham).
September 10 1916 the Struma, which had served as a line of defence, was crossed by General Milne's troops both south and north of Lake Tachinos. Between the Lake and the Gulf of Orfano they occupied the " New Village " (Neokhori or Yeni Kioi). To the north they crossed at various points between Lake Butkovo and Lake Tachinos. Some small villages were occupied, and the Northumberland Fusiliers drove the Bulgarians out of Nevoljen, inflicting severe losses on the enemy The British troops subsequently withdrew as pre- arranged. Five days later the offensive was renewed. British forces seized the villages of Kato (or Lower) Ghoudheli, Jami Mah, Ago Mah and Komarian, and burnt them to the ground.
www.dublin-fusiliers.com/salonika/1916-birdcage.html
In a report in the London Gazette, it notes the Northumberlands, “lost heavily during their retirement and subsequent counter-attack, They also suffered severely from our artillery fire in attempting to follow our pre-arranged movements to regain the right bank of the river”
London Gazette Supplement for the 6th December 1916.
www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/29851/supplements/11932/p...
John Daws………………………………...................................(RoH)
Probably: John Daws. Private 240035. 1st/5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died in Palestine on 19th April 1917. Born Shipdham, Norfolk. Enlisted Swaffham. Commemorated: Buried Jerusalem Memorial. Panels 12 to 15.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1644940
No match on Picture Norfolk
There is no obvious match on the 1901 Census, but the high-level search of the 1911 Census throws up a 20 years old John. Born Shipdham, and recorded in the District of Freebridge, (which covers Castle Acre).
There are 22 Daws, including John, recorded in this District with most being born either Great Massingham or Shipdham.
19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
To the right (west) of Tank Redoubt, the 3rd Camel Battalion, advancing in the gap between two redoubts, actually made the furthest advance of the battle, crossing the Gaza-Beersheba Road and occupying a pair of low hills (dubbed "Jack" and "Jill"). As the advances on their flanks faltered, the "Camels" were forced to retreat to avoid being isolated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
More than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
George Ellis……………………………….................................(RoH)
RoH believes possibly : Private 9194. 7th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died in France & Flanders on 5th October 1915. Born Great Hockham, Norfolk. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Bethune Town Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. IV. E. 91.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=62798
but see Census details below
No match on Picture Norfolk
The 1901 Census has a 7 year old George, born Hockham, recorded at 12 Shropham Road, Hockham. This is the household of his parents, George, (aged 38 and a Carter on an estate timber yard, from Ashill), and Emily, (aged 37 and from Hockham). Their other children are:-
Charles………….aged 17.….born Hockham..Labourer on farm
Frederick……….aged 4.……born Hockham
Jane……………….aged 9.…..born Hockham
John W……………aged u/1...born Hockham
However, when I check for a location on the 1911 census, the Hockham born George is recorded in the district of Wayland, while the entry above it is for a George H Ellis, born circa 1895 at Coston, Norfolk, and now resident in the Freebridge District, which covers Castle Acre. There is no obvious match for George H. in the CWGC database - the five individuals concerned all have no additonal details or even age.
George H. is recorded on the 1901 census at Weston Street, Market Weston, Suffolk. This is the household of his parents, Edward, (age 28 and a Gardener Domestic from Necton), and Maria, (aged 28 and from Hardingham). They have four other children, Ellen, (aged 2, born Market Weston), Gordon, (aged 3, born Coston), John, (aged u/1, born Market Weston) and Reginald, (aged 5, born Coston)
Update 28/02/23.
The 1911 Census of England & Wales has a 16 year old George H. Ellis, a Domestic Stable Boy, born Coston, Norfolk, who was recorded living at Cooks Stool, Castleacre, Swaffham.
This was the household of his parents Edward, (aged 39, a Domestic Groom and Gardener, born Necton, Norfolk), and Maria J., (aged 39, born Hardingham, Norfolk). The couple have been married 18 years, and the union has produced 9 children, all then still alive. All 9 were still unmarried and living with them. Four of their children, aged between 12 and 8 were born Market Weston, Suffolk. Their last two children, Sidney C. (6) and Dorothy E., (4), were born Castleacre.
The birth of the last two were registered in the Freebridge civil registration district with a mothers’ maiden name shown as Goward. Which means the birth of a George Herbert Ellis, mothers’ maiden name Goward, which was registered with the civil authorities in the Forehoe District of Norfolk in the April to June quarter, (Q2) of 1894 the most likely birth match.
The civil registration district of Forehoe included the civil parish of Coston. www.ukbmd.org.uk/reg/districts/forehoe.html
A round up by villages and towns of those who were serving that appeared in the edition of the Norwich Mercury dated Saturday, September 19th 1914, records a G. Ellis of Castle Acre who had enlisted in “Kitchener’s Army”.
Kitcheners Army were the new war service only Battalions that were being authorised by the War Office up and down the land.
Soldiers Died in the Great War, an HMSO publication from the 1920’s, records a Private 19128 George Ellis, who was Killed in Action on the 15th September 1916 serving in France & Flanders with the 9th Battalion, Norfolk. He was born Market Weston, Suffolk, and enlisted Norwich. No place of residence is shown.
That soldier has surviving service records, although I’ve not yet been able to check them out.
The Norfolk Regiment issued service 19118 to a man who enlisted on the 3rd September 1914, while 19130 was issued on the 7th September 1914.
The Medal Index Card for George shows George first landed in France on the 30th August 1915 – that was the day the 9th Battalion deployed overseas.
When the main Official Casualty List relating to the 9th Battalion losses at Flers Courcellette appeared in the edition of The Times dated November 2nd, 1916, he was then still listed amongst the missing. Unfortunately for this purpose no locations for next of kin were shown in that list. However the lists that appear in regional newspapers shows that the next of kin informed he was missing was living at “Swaffham”.
See John William Green for more on the events of the day.
John William Green………………………………..................(RoH)
Private 19115. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th September 1916. Aged 27. Born Castle Acre. Enlisted Shoreham, Sussex. Son of Mrs. Rebecca Green, of I, Pales Green, Castle Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk. Commemorated: Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=787283
No match on Picture Norfolk
The 12 year old John, born Castle Acre), is recorded on the 1901 Census at Pales Green Cottages, Castle Acre. His occupation is listed as “with Bricklayer”. This is the household of his parents, William, (aged 58 and a Gardener Domestic from Stiffkey), and Rebecca, (aged 52 and a Sewing Domestic from West Lexham (?)). Also living with them is another son, Henry, (aged 17 and a General Farm Labourer from Castle Acre). John doesn’t readily appear to be on the 1911 Census.
15th September 1916
On September 15th the 1st Leicesters and the 9th Norfolks attacked a German strongpoint called the Quadrilateral in the region of Flers. The attack was originally planned to include 3 tanks in support but two broke down before zero hour and the third was disabled at the start of the advance.
At zero hour the leading companies ("D" & "B") moved off at a steady pace, advancing in four lines at 30 paces interval, the supporting companies ("C" & "A") following in the same formation 300 yards in the rear, and the enemy at once opened a heavy machine gun fire.
The Battalion suffered heavily from the machine gun fire and was held up by the undamaged wire in the front of a German trench, leading from the North West corner of the Quadrilateral, the existence of which was not known. Despite having dug in overnight the Battalion was forced to withdraw the next day having lost 14 officers and 410 other ranks killed, wounded or missing.
www.whitwick.org.uk/history/regulars.htm
See John Blowers above, who died in the same action
Lewis Green………………………………...............................(RoH)
No further information available at present on RoH.
Possibly
Name: GREEN, LEWIS
Rank: Private
Regiment: Lincolnshire Regiment
Unit Text: 1st Bn.
Date of Death: 16/06/1915 Service No: 16215
Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 21. Memorial: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=907731
Or a 1st Battalion Norfolks Man, (down as L Green but Genes Reunited confirms he was a Lewis in their copy of the Index of War Deaths)
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=450340
No match on Picture Norfolk
28/09/23: See update in the comments box below.
Robert William Green………………………….....................(RoH)
Private 11760. 2nd Battalion King's Own Scottish Borderers. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 5th February 1915. Aged 19. Born and lived Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Fredrick George and Amelia Elizabeth Green, of Castle Stile, Castle Acre, Norfolk. Buried: R.E. Farm Cemetery, Heuvelland, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. II. B. 6.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=102464
No match on Picture Norfolk
The 6 year old Robert W, born Castle Acre, is recorded on the 1901 census at Newton Road, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, Frederick, (aged 28 and a Farm Labourer from Castle Acre), and Amelia, (aged 27 and from Swaffham). They lived next door to the family of William, (listed below)
William James Green………………………........................(RoH)
Private 20502. 1st Battalion Essex Regiment. Formerly 16912 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in Gallipoli on 6th August 1915. Aged 21. Born and lived Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Arthur and Harriett Green, of Newton Rd., Castle Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk. Commemorated: Helles Memorial, Turkey. Panel 144 to 150 or 229 to 233.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=693846
No match on Picture Norfolk
The 6 year old William, born Castle Acre, is recorded on the 1901 Census at Newton Road, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, Arthur J, (aged 30 and a Farm Labourer from West Acre), and Harriet, (aged 28 and from Castle Acre). Their other children are Hanah, (aged 8) and Susannah, (aged 10), both born Castle Acre.
They lived next door to the family of Robert, (listed above).
6th August 1915
Sir Ian Hamilton’s Third Gallipoli dispatch
At Helles the attack of the 6th was directed against 1,200 yards of the Turkish front opposite our own right and right centre, and was to be carried out by the 88th Brigade of the 29th Division. Two small Turkish trenches enfilading the main advance had, if possible, to be captured simultaneously, an affair which was entrusted to the 42nd Division. After bombardment the infantry assaulted at 3.50 p.m. On the left large sections of the enemy's line were carried, but on our centre and right the Turks were encountered in masses, and the attack, pluckily and perseveringly as it was pressed, never had any real success. The 1st Battalion, Essex Regiment, in particular forced their way into the crowded enemy trench opposite them, despite the most determined resistance, but, once in, were subjected to the heaviest musketry fire from both flanks, as well as in reverse, and were shattered by showers of bombs.
www.1914-1918.net/hamiltons_gallipoli_despatch_3.html
Geoff’s Search Engine on the CWGC database returns details of 240 1st Essex men who died on this day.
Edgar Starr Grimes………………………………...................(RoH)
Lance Corporal A/201098. 8th Battalion King's Royal Rifle Corps. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on 28th August 1917. Born Pentney, Norfolk. Lived Swaffham. Enlisted Holborn, Middlesex. Buried: Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery, Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen. Ref. XVIII. C. 17A.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=144351
During the First World War, the village of Lijssenthoek was situated on the main communication line between the Allied military bases in the rear and the Ypres battlefields. Close to the Front, but out of the extreme range of most German field artillery, it became a natural place to establish casualty clearing stations. The cemetery was first used by the French 15th Hopital D'Evacuation and in June 1915, it began to be used by casualty clearing stations of the Commonwealth forces.
www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=14900&...
No match on Picture Norfolk
The 18 year old Edgar, born Pentney and a Private in the Norfolk Militia, is recorded on the 1901 Census at River Yard, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, Ridchard, (aged 45 and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Heacham), and Emma, (aged 38 and from Pentney). Their other children are:-
Daisy……………….aged 13.………born Sporle
Thomas…………….aged 2.………..born Castle Acre
Vilo (Daughter)...aged 9.…………born Caste Acre
Walter Hamblin………………………………..........................(RoH)
Private 21337. 8th Battalion Border Regiment. Formerly 18660 Norfolk Regiment. Died in France & Flanders on 9th July 1916. Born Barnett (sic) Norfolk. Lived Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Le Cateau Military Cemetery, Nord, France. Ref. IV. A. 7.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=594896
No match on Picture Norfolk
There is no obvious match on the 1901 Census, and given the information from the RoH site, the only likely match is a Norman Hamblin, born Barney circa 1893 and now recorded in the District of Walsingham.
There is a Walter and a Norman Hamblin recorded on the Great Snoring memorial
www.the-snorings.co.uk/info/GSwarmems.html
The RoH site for Great Snoring advises that the Walter Hamblin who was in the Border Regiment died of wounds whilst a Prisoner of War.
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/GreatSnoring.html
Walter Harrison………………………………..........................(RoH)
Private 23155. 7th Battalion Border Regiment. Formerly 18661 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 16th September 1917. Lived Newton-by-Castle Acre. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: Brown's Copse Cemetery, Roeux, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. IV. B. 61.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=567758
No match on Picture Norfolk
The 18 year old Walter, born Castle Acre and a Farm Labourer, is recorded on the 1901 census at St James Green, Castle Acre. This is the household of his parents, James, (aged 60 and a Farm Labourer from Castle Acre) and Elizabeth, (aged 59 and from Castle Acre). James and Elizabeth also have a grand-daughter living with them, Alice E Clarke, aged 7 and from Castle Acre.
I can’t find any evidence of the 17th Division, of which the 7th Battalion was a part, being engaged in the Battle of Passchendaele at this time, although they list the October battles as part of the Divisional battle honours
editor-in-chief Edward Greenspon.
Toronto, Bell Globemedia Publishing Incorporated, 12 may 2oo4. issued in an unknown number of local variants: the following description is for the (a) variant Ottawa Edition (see notes below for other known variants):
approx.13-1/2 x 22-3/4, 19 sheets grey newsprint folded to 68 pp in 5 unbound signatures (of 18, 26, 8, 1o & 6 pp) & again horizontally to 13-1/2 x 11-3/8 tabloid, all printed black offset with 3-colour process addition to front cover & 16 further pp, red only to 2.
cover still photographer unidentified.
2o2 contributors ID'd:
James Adams, Scott Adams, Eleanor Alexander, Glen Allison, Silvia Ascarelli, Joel Baglole, Mike Baldwin, Marcel O.Bard, Marissa Barnartt, Angela Barnes, Peter Battistoni, Greg Beacham, Leslie Beck, Steve Becker, Mark L.Berlin, Adam Bisby, Richard Blackwell, Jean Blais, Richard Bloom, Anthony Boadle, Chris Bolin, Patrick Brethour, Sally Brompton, Alex Browning, Samuel Browning, Joe Bryksa, John Burge, Rebecca Caldwell, Sara Calian, Linda Caty, Marek Ciezkiewicz, J.Coghlan, Ray Conlogue, Dennis Cook, Tim Cook, Kevin Cox, Beppi Crosariol, Derek DeCloet, Gary Delainey, Yves Des Groseillers, Jim Donovan, Susan Downey, John Doyle, Eric Duhatschek, George Dunbar, [--?--] Dunham, Steve Erwin, Brian Ettkin, Drew Fagan, Kevin Fagan, Gordon Fairclough, Rick Fawn, Jorge Ferrari, Josie Finestone, Jock Finlayson, Ian Fisher, Dennis Fotinos, Jonathan Fowlie, Sydney F.Franchuk, Alan Freeman, [--?--] Gable, Eric Gaillard, Virginia Galt, Paul Gilligan, Marguerita Gonsalves, Craig Gordon, Charles Grandmont, Michael Grange, Michael Granshaw, Fred Greenslade, Edward Greenspon, Tobin Grimshaw, Pascal Guyot, Tom Hanson, [--?--] Harrop, James Hatton, Matthew Hayes, Ron Hogg, Bayard Horton, William Houston, Karen Howlett, Mark Hume, Wallace Immen, Sharon Irving, Sudhir Jain, Brent Jang, Asha Jeffers, Anthony Jenkins, Marina Jiminez, Yuri Kageyama, Matthew Kalman, Katsumi Kasahara, Peter Kennedy, John Kenney, Ann Kerr, Grant Kerr, Michael Kesterton, Irene Klar, Ileen Kohn, Tibor Kolley, Paul Koring, Liam Lacey, Paul Landry, Wai Lau, Allison Lawler, Robert Lebeau, Daniel LeBlanc, John Lehmann, Bruce Little, Roma Luciw, T.M.Luke, Fred Lum, Roy MacGregor, Robert MacLeod, Jim Mac Millan, Allan Maki, Kirk Makin, Bill Manson, Arthur Marcus, Bertrand Marotte, Robert Matas, Douglas McArthur, Keith McArthur, Shawn McCarthy, Roxanne McCoy, Ann McCullough, Jeff McIntosh, Tracey McKiernan, Robert A.McMillin, Ryan McVay, Steve Mertl, John Messenger, Rod Mickleburgh, Mark Miller, J.P.Moczulski, R.Craig Moore, W.F.Moore, Patrick Mullin, Christianne Muschi, Anja Niedringhaus, Stephanie Nolen, Michael O'Keefe, Anthony Oluwatoyin, C.Overly, Mitchell Pacell, Seah Park, David Parkinson, John Partridge, Brian Pease, Peter Phillips, André Picard, Susan Pinker, Dan Piraro, Charles Platiau, Erik Portanger, Richard C.Powers, Paul Preston, Gerry Rasmussen, David Reilly, Ryan Remiorz, Allan Robinson, Françoise Roy, Lorne Rubenstein, Mohammed Salem, John Sarche, John Saunders, Kara Scannell, Harvey Schachter, Heathjer Scoffield, Rhéal Séguin, Charles S.Shaver, Myriam Shechter, David Shoalts, Jim Shunamon, Jeffrey Simpson, Graeme Smith, Robert Snowden, Sinclair Stewart, Marion Stinson, Jason Straziuso, Philip Street, Wendy Stueck, Papio Tamayo, Scott Thurm, Judith Timson, Michael Valpy, Lorraine Van Haastrecht, Boudwyn Van Oort, Andrew Vaughan, Dan Walker, Dawn Walton, Donald Weber, Hilary M.Weston, Rick Wilkling, Andrew Willis, Joan M.Wilson, Shirley Won, David J.Wright, Konrad Yakabuski, Leonard Zehr.
includes:
i) Coach House Books in crucial decline The sixties icon's landlord, a student co-op, covets its location for housing expansion, by Rebecca Caldwell (pp.R1-R2; prose article with references to bpNichol, bpNichol Lane, & Nichol's "A / LAKE / A / LANE" carved concrete poem)
___________________________
notes on variants
b) Atlantic Edition
as (a) but with halfsheets in different positions & one extra page of 3-colour addition.
2oo contributors:
dropped: Alex Browning, Marguerita Gonsalves, Wai Lau, Roxanne McCoy, Tracey McKioernan;
added: Fred Chartrand, David Howie, Simon Tuck.
c) Alberta Edition
as (b) but with halfsheets in different positions & one advertising insert, 8-7/16 x 11, single sheet white claycoat folded to 4 pp leaflet, all printed 4-colour process offset.
199 contributors, as (b) but minus Samuel Browning.
d) Quebec Edition
as (a) with 2oo contributors:
dropped: Greg Beacham, Alex Browning, Bayard Horton, Wai Lau, Tracey McKiernan, Katie O'Dell, Rick Wilking;
added: Jeff Gray, Mike Segar, Chris Sheridan, Simon Tuck, Ed Zurga.
e) Greater Toronto Edition
as (a) but 2o sheets folded to 72 pp in 5 unbound signatures, halfsheets differently distributed, with 3 inserts in home delivery copies in 15-1/16 x 5 white glossy band printed 4-colour process offset. the inserts are:
––as (c) above;
––advertisement, 8-3/8 x 1o-7/8 white chromecoat broadsheet printed 4-colour process offset
––Soulpepper 2004 Season programme, 5-3/8 x 8-15/16, 6 sheets white rough bond folded & stapled twice to 24 pp in selfwrappers, all printed 4-colour process offset; 6 contributors ID'd: J.N.Beggarstaff, Sally Gayer, Sandy Nicholson, Thomas Payne, Brian Rea, Albert Schultz.
212 contributors:
dropped: Greg Beacham, Chris Bolin, Tim Cook, Michael Grange, Bayard Horton, Mark Hume, Marina Jiminez, Robert Matas, Ryan Remiorz, Lorne Rubenstein, Jon Sarche, Rick Wilking;
added: Gay Abbate, Caroline Alphonso, John Barber, J.N.Beggarstaff, Sally Gayer, Jeff Gray, Robert Laberge, Jacqueline Larma, Richard Mackie, Arnaud Maggs, John McKay, Sarah Milroy, Sandy Nicholson, Louie Palu, Thomas Payne, Brian Rea, Anthony Reinhart, Jim Ross, Chris Sheridan, Albert Schultz, Adrian Wyld, Ed Zunga.
___________________________
& a coupla last notes on the above
Caldwell's article is present in all variants above. it is unknown if there're any further daily variant editions but i wouldn't be surprised to find there are. the content variations are slight until it comes to the Toronto version, which is rampantly different in content & layout. it can be therefore assumed that all issues of The Globe And Mail may exist in many variants which may or may not contain the same sought-after content.
Rubens Peale with a Geranium
West Building, Main Floor—Gallery 60A
•Date: 1801
•Medium: Oil on Canvas
•Dimensions:
oOverall: 71.4 × 61 cm (28⅛ × 24 in.)
oFramed: 89.5 × 79.7 × 5.6 cm (35¼ × 31⅜ × 2 3/16 in.)
•Credit Line: Patrons’ Permanent Fund
•Accession Number: 1985.59.1
•Artists/Makers:
oArtist: Rembrandt Peale, American, 1778-1860
Overview
Charles Willson Peale christened most of his seventeen children after famous artists and scientists; however, there is little consistency between the sons’ and daughters’ namesakes and their adult careers. While Rembrandt Peale did become a painter and the portraitist of this work, Rubens Peale, who sat for this likeness at the age of seventeen, was a botanist.
Painted in Philadelphia, the work could be described as a double portrait because the geranium, reputed to be the first specimen of this exotic plant ever grown in the New World, is as lovingly portrayed as the painter’s brother is. The Peale family often collaborated in their endeavors, and here Rembrandt commemorated his brother’s horticultural triumph. Rembrandt’s own skill is evident in the clearly defined pools of light on Rubens’ cheeks. In a phenomenon familiar to all, his glasses focus the beams passing through them, thereby forming the brighter disks of light under his eyes.
Rubens Peale with a Geranium is a supreme example of the unaffected naturalism which typified the artist’s early maturity. Combining firm, clear drawing, carefully modulated color, and an intense devotion to detail, twenty-three-year-old Rembrandt Peale produced an eloquent expression of his family’s philosophical orientation.
Inscription
•Lower Right: Rem Peale / 1801
Provenance
The artist; James Claypoole Copper, Philadelphia;[1] Mary Jane Peale [1827-1902], Pottsville, Pennsylvania, the daughter of the sitter, Rubens Peale;[2] her nephew, Albert Charles Peale [1849-1914], Washington, D.C.;[3] his cousin, Jessie Sellers Colton [Mrs. Sabin Woolworth Colton, Jr., 1855-1932], Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania;[4] her daughter, Mildred Colton [Mrs. Robert P.] Esty [1883-1977], Ardmore, Pennsylvania;[5] sold to Lawrence A. Fleischman, Detroit, Michigan;[6] (Kennedy Galleries, New York); purchased by Pauline E. [Mrs. Norman B.] Woolworth;[7] (sale, Sotheby’s, New York, 5 December 1985, lot 42); purchased through (Kennedy Galleries, New York) by NGA.
[1]Rebecca Irwin Graff, Genealogy of the Claypoole Family of Philadelphia, 1893: 79, which does not record Copper’s life dates.
[2]Copper’s gift of the portrait to Rubens’ Peale’s daughter Mary Jane Peale in 1854 is discussed in the NGA systematic catalogue. For Mary Jane Peale’s dates, see the genealogy of the Peale Family in Charles H. Elam, ed., The Peale Family: Three Generations of American Artists, Exh. cat., Detroit Institute of Arts; Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, New York, 1967: 10, and Lillian B. Miller, In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale, 1778-1860, Exh. cat., National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1992: 231. For information that she lived in Pottsville, see Carol Eaton Hevner, “Rembrandt Peale’s portraits of his brother Rubens”, Antiques 130 (November): 1012.
[3]Mary Jane Peale bequeathed the portrait to her nephew Albert Charles Peale, the son of her brother Charles Willson Peale (1821-1871) and Harriet Friel Peale; for his dates see Charles Coleman Sellers, “Peale Genealogy,” manuscript, Peale Papers Office, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., and The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, vol. 21: 255-56. Albert Peale was one of the executors of Mary Jane Peale’s estate.
[4]The painting belonged to Jessie Sellers Colton by 1923, when she lent it to the exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. A label formerly on the painting (in NGA curatorial files) gives her name and address, and states that she was the great-niece of Rubens Peale. For her dates see Charles Coleman Sellers, “Peale Genealogy,” manuscript, Peale Papers Office, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.
[5]Mrs. Esty owned the portrait when it was reproduced in Charles Coleman Sellers, Charles Willson Peale, Later Life (1790-1827), Philadelphia, 1947: 2:opp. 147, fig. 12, and lent it in 1955 to the exhibition at Pennsylvania State University. For her birth date see Charles Coleman Sellers, “Peale Genealogy,” manuscript, Peale Papers Office, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.; her date of death is recorded in Social Register Association, Social Register, Summer 1978, New York, 1978: 92:98.
[6]Fleischman confirmed his ownership of the portrait in his letter of 19 December 1985 to NGA (in NGA curatorial files).
[7]Mrs. Woolworth was the owner by 1963, when she lent the painting to the exhibition American Art from American Collections at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Associated Names
•Colton, Jessie Sellers
•Copper, James Claypoole
•Esty, Mildred Colton
•Fleischman, Lawrence A.
•Kennedy Galleries
•Kennedy Galleries
•Peale, Albert Charles
•Peale, Mary Jane
•Sotheby’s
•Woolworth, Pauline E.
Exhibition History
•1923—Exhibition of Portraits by Charles Willson Peale and James Peale and Rembrandt Peale, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, 1923, no. 73.
•1955—Pennsylvania Painters, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; The Toledo Museum of Art, 1955-1956, no. 11.
•1960—The Fabulous Peale Family, Kennedy Galleries, New York, 1960, no. 74.
•1963—American Art from American Collections, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1963, no. 185.
•1965—The Peale Family and Peale’s Baltimore Museum, 1814-1830, The Peale Museum, Baltimore, 1965, no. 16.
•1967—The Peale Family: Three Generations of American Artists, The Detroit Institute of Arts; Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, 1967, no. 139.
•1970—19th Century America: Paintings and Sculpture, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1970, no. 2, repro.
•1970—The American Painting Collection of Mrs. Norman B. Woolworth, Coe Kerr Gallery, New York, 1970, no. 87, repro.
•1976—The Eye of Thomas Jefferson, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1976, no. 600, repro.
•1980—The Woolworth Collection: American Paintings, Birmingham Museum of Art, Alabama, 1980, checklist no. 2.
•1981—Painters of the Humble Truth: Masterpieces of American Still Life, 1801-1939, Philbrook Art Center, Tulsa; The Oakland Museum; Baltimore Museum of Art; National Academy of Design, New York, 1981-1982, checklist no. 112 (repro. in cat. by W. Gerdts).
•1983—A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting 1760-1910, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Grand Palais, Paris, 1983-1984, no. 11, repro.
•1989—Raphaelle Peale Still Lifes, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.,; The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, 1988-1989, fig. 56.
•1992—In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale, 1778-1860, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1992-1993, fig. 22, pl. 4.
•1996—The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy 1770-1870, Philadelphia Museum of Art; M. H. De Young Memorial Museum; Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1996-1997, no. 162, pl. 16 and frontispiece.
•1999—America: The New World in 19th-Century Painting, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna, 1999, no. 18, repro.
•2003—Jefferson’s America & Napoleon’s France: An Exhibition for the Louisiana Purchase Bicentennial, New Orleans Museum of Art, 2003, no. 136, repro.
•2011—The Great American Hall of Wonders: Art, Science, and Invention in the Nineteenth Century, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C., 2011-2012, fig. 102.
•2015—Audubon to Warhol: The Art of the American Still Life, Philadelphia Museum of Art; Phoenix Art Museum, 2015-2016, (shown only in Philadelphia).
Bibliography
•1947—Sellers, Charles Coleman. Charles Willson Peale. Vol. 2: Later Life (1790-1827). Philadelphia, 1947: fig. 12, opp. 147.
•1956—Rendezvous for Taste: Peale’s Baltimore Museum, 1814-1830. Exh. cat. Peale Museum, Baltimore, 1956: repro. 2, 28, no. 82 (not exhibited).
•1965—Feld, Stuart P. “‘Loan Collection,’ 1965.” Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 23, no. 8 (April 1965): 283, repro.
•1971—Gerdts, William H., and Russell Burke. American Still-Life Painting. New York, 1971: 36, repro. 34, fig. 2-12.
•1976—Adams, William Howard, ed. The Eye of Thomas Jefferson. Exh. cat. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1976: 346, no. 600, repro.
•1976—From Seed to Flower: Philadelphia, 1681-1876; A Horticultural Point of View. Exh. cat. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, Philadelphia, 1976: 24, repro. 27.
•1977—Levene, John R. Clinical Refraction and Visual Science. London, 1977: 171-172.
•1981—Gerdts, William H. Painters of the Humble Truth: Masterpieces of American Still Life 1801-1939. Columbia, Missouri, 1981: 3, color pl. 3, 62-63.
•1983—Miller, Lillian B., Sidney Hart, and David C. Ward, eds. The Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family. Vol. 2: Charles Willson Peale: The Artist as Museum Keeper, 1791-1810. New Haven, 1988: 1047 n.4, 1096, 1098 n.15, 1241 n.2, pl. 6.
•1984—Foshay, Ella. Reflections of Nature: Flowers in American Art. Exh. cat. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, 1984: 32-34, repro.
•1985—Hevner, Carol Eaton. Rembrandt Peale, 1778-1860: A Life in the Arts. With a biographical essay by Lillian B. Miller. Exh. cat. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1985: 20, 21 fig. 5, 103 n. 8.
•1986—Hevner, Carol Eaton. “Rembrandt Peale’s Portraits of His Brother Rubens.” Antiques 130 (November 1986): 1010-1013.
•1986—Hevner, Carol Eaton. “Rubens Peale with a Geranium by Rembrandt Peale.” In Art at Auction: The Year at Sotheby’s 1985-86. New York, 1986: 114-116, fig. 1 (color).
•1987—Hevner, Carol Eaton. “The Cover.” Journal of the American Medical Association 257, no. 15 (17 April 1987): 1996 and color repro., cover.
•1988—Wilmerding, John. American Masterpieces from the National Gallery of Art. Rev. ed. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1988: 66, no. 10, color repro.
•1988—Wilmerding, John. “America’s Young Masters: Raphaelle, Rembrandt, and Rubens.” In Nicolai Cikovsky, Jr. Raphaelle Peale Still Lifes. Exh. cat. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia. Washington, D.C., 1988: 72-93.
•1991—Gingold, Diane J., and Elizabeth A.C. Weil. The Corporate Patron. New York, 1991: 136-137, color repro.
•1991—Kopper, Philip. America’s National Gallery of Art: A Gift to the Nation. New York, 1991: 292, color repro.
•1992—American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992: 256, repro.
•1992—Hevner, Carol Eaton. “The Paintings of Rembrandt Peale: Character and Conventions.” In Miller, Lillian B. In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale, 1778-1860. Exh. cat. National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1992: 255, 57-60, fig. 22, 160, color pl. 4, 243.
•1992—National Gallery of Art, Washington. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992: 222, repro.
•1994—Craven, Wayne. American Art: History and Culture. New York, 1994: 155, color fig. 11.3.
•1996—Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin. American Paintings Before 1945 in the Wadsworth Atheneum. London, 1996: no. 597, repro.
•1996—Miller, Lillian B., ed. The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy, 1770-1870. Exh. cat. Trust for Museum Exhibitions and National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1996: repro. 35, 51-52, 309.
•1996—Miller, Lillian B. “The Peale Legacy: The Art of an American Family, 1770-1870.” American Art Review 8, no. 6 (1996): repro. 141.
•1997—Follensbee, Billie J.A. “Rubens Peale’s Spectacles: An Optical Illusion?” Survey of Ophthalmology 41, no. 5 (March-April 1997): 417-424, repro.
•1997—Hughes, Robert. American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America. New York, 1997: 106-107, fig. 69.
•1998—Torchia, Robert Wilson, with Deborah Chotner and Ellen G. Miles. American Paintings of the Nineteenth Century, Part II. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C., 1998: 48-57, color repro.
•2002—Solti, Carol. “Rembrandt Peale’s Rubens Peale with a Geranium: A Possible Source in David Teniers the Younger.” American Art Journal 33, nos. 1 and 2 (2002): 4-19, fig. 1.
•2004—Hand, John Oliver. National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection. Washington and New York, 2004: 332-333, no. 267, color repro.
•2013—Harris, Neil. Capital Culture: J. Carter Brown, the National Gallery of Art, and the Reinvention of the Museum Experience. Chicago and London, 2013: 407.
•2015—“Art for the Nation: The Story of the Patrons’ Permanent Fund.” National Gallery of Art Bulletin, no. 53 (Fall 2015): 2, repro.
•2019—Wallach, Alan. “‘A Distasteful, Indelicate Subject’.” American Art 33, no. 3 (Fall 2019): 29, 30, color fig. 2.
From American Paintings of the Nineteenth Century, Part II:
1985.59.1
Rubens Peale with a Geranium
•1801
•Oil on Canvas, 71.4 × 61 (28 Vs × 24)
•Patrons’ Permanent Fund
•Inscriptions:
oAt Lower Right: Rem Peale / 1801
Technical Notes:
The tacking margins of the mediumweight plain-weave fabric support have been trimmed. The painting has been lined with a heavier weight plain-weave fabric that appears to be a prepared artist’s canvas; its white ground layer is visible on the reverse of the lining.1 The ground layer is creamy white and of medium thickness. Infrared reflectography revealed limited underdrawing in the right hand and the flowerpot. The paint was applied as a smooth, thin, fluid-to-dry paste, generally wet-into-wet, with some low impasto in the highlights. X-radiography reveals slight changes in the sitter’s neckwear. A small ruffle that was painted below the fabric around the sitter’s neck has been covered with addition to that fabric, and by the black waistcoat. Infrared reflectography reveals changes in the geranium leaves and shows that the entire rim of the flowerpot was painted before it was covered by the lower leaf.
There is moderate abrasion, which reveals the ground in some areas. There are also scattered pinpoint old flake losses, and occasional other repaired losses, including one measuring approximately i cm by 0.5 cm in the right side of the lens that is on the viewer’s right, and a slightly smaller loss outside and to the right of the frame around the same lens. The varnish is slightly discolored.
Provenance:
The artist; James Claypoole Copper, Philadelphia;2 Mary Jane Peale [1827-1902], Pottsville, Pennsylvania, the daughter of the sitter, Rubens Peale;3 her nephew, Albert Charles Peale [1849-1914], Washington, D.C.;4 his cousin, Jessie Sellers Colton [Mrs. Sabin Woolworth Colton, Jr., 1855-1932], Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania;5 her daughter, Mildred Colton [Mrs. Robert P.] Esty [1883-1977], Ardmore, Pennsylvania;6 sold to Lawrence A. Fleischman, Detroit, Michigan;7 (Kennedy Galleries, New York); purchased by Pauline E. [Mrs. Norman B.] Woolworth;8 (sale, Sotheby’s, New York, 5 December 1985, no. 42).
Exhibited:
Exhibition of Portraits by Charles Willson Peale and James Peale and Rembrandt Peale, PAFA, 1923, no. 73. Pennsylvania Painters, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio, 1955-1956, no. 11. The Fabulous Peale Family, Kennedy Galleries, New York, 1960, no. 74.9 American Art from American Collections, MM A, 1963, no. 185. The Peale Family and Peale’s Baltimore Museum, 1814-1830, PM, 1965, no. 16. The Peale Family: Three Generations of American Artists, DÍA; MWPI, 1967, no. 139. 19th Century America: Paintings and Sculpture, MM A, 1970, no. 2. The American Painting Collection of Mrs. Norman B. Woolworth, Coe Kerr Gallery, New York, 1970, no. 87. The Eye of Thomas Jefferson, NGA, 1976, no. 600. Painters of the Humble Truth: Masterpieces of American Still Life, Philbrook Art Center, Tulsa; Oakland Museum; BMA; NAD, 1981-1982, checklist no. 112. A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting 1760-1910, MFA; CGA; Grand Palais, Paris, 1983-1984, no. 11. Raphaelle Peale Still Lifes, NGA; PAFA, 1988-1989, no cat. no. In Pursuit of Fame: Rembrandt Peale, ijj8-i86o, NPG, 1992-1993, no cat. no. The Peale Family: Creation of a Legacy, 1770-1870, PMA; FAMSF; CGA, 1996-1997, no. 162.10
This portrait of seventeen-year-old Rubens Peale by his older brother Rembrandt Peale is among the finest portraits in the history of American art. Rembrandt Peale painted the portrait with exceptional care and precision, observing his brother so closely that the viewer feels emotionally as well as physically close to him. Rubens, seated at a table, leans slightly to his right and looks downward. He seems to be preoccupied and not looking through his silver-framed glasses. Next to him on the table is a tall, somewhat leggy geranium with green leaves and small red flowers, in a terra-cotta pot. Rubens’ left hand, resting on the table, holds a second pair of glasses, while his right hand, crossing his left, rests on the rim of the flowerpot, two fingers touching the soil. Rembrandt’s sensitivity toward his sibling seems to be mirrored in Rubens’ care for the plant, characterized by this gentle, nurturing gesture. Rembrandt also emphasizes the sense of touch over sight, since Rubens is not looking at the plant. Rembrandt has also carefully represented the direction of light, which falls from the upper left onto Rubens and the plant, perhaps signaling the depiction of a specific time and place.
Rubens Peale (1784-1865) was the ninth of eleven children of artist and naturalist Charles Willson Peale and his first wife Rachel. Six of their eleven children did not survive to adulthood, and Rachel herself died in 1790, when Rubens was a child. He was the younger brother of Raphaelle, Rembrandt, and Angelica Kauffmann Peale, and the older brother of Sophonisba Angusciola Peale. Rubens was small for his age, with poor eyesight, as he later described himself:
I was very delicate in health and our family phycian [sic] Dr. Hutchins required that I should be kept out of the sun as much as possible…. I was not permitted to playin the streets with the other boys…. I remember perfectly well of chasing my sister Sophonisba (now Mrs. Coleman Sellers) about the room with a paper mask on, and was so small that I ran under the tea table without touching it, or stooping in the least degree…. I made but little progress at school for my sight was so imperfect that I had to have a spelling book of clean print and white paper (at that date a very rare article) and seated as near the window as possible to see to read.11
Rubens’ restricted life soon changed for the better:
“One day when I returned from school I was informed that our family Phycian [sic] was dead, at this inteligence I was so much pleased that I danced about the room with joy. … I then went into the garden and took the watering pot and watered my flowers which I was forbid to do, and after that time I gradually increased in strength & health.”12
From an early age, Rubens had remarkable success at raising both plants and animals. Once, when his favorite bird, a painted bunting, was missing, he learned that his father’s friend, Timothy Matlack, had found the lost pet. Matlack refused to return it to Rubens until Rubens could convince him that it was his. “I told him that if the bird was mine, it would come to me to be corressed [sic], we entered the room together, at once the bird flew to me and lit on my sholder and wanted to feed out of my mouth and remained with me as long as we were in the room, he then acknoledged the bird belonged to me and give it up with much reluctance.”13
Rembrandt Peale probably painted his brother’s portrait sometime during the first six or seven months of 1801. At that time Rembrandt was eagerly seeking portrait commissions and also was attempting to get a patronage job in the administration of President Thomas Jefferson. Later, from midsummer until the end of that year, Rembrandt was preoccupied with his father’s extraordinary project to exhume and restore two almost complete mastodon skeletons found in upstate New York. One of the skeletons was ready for viewing at the museum on Christmas eve, 1801.14 Sometime within the next few years, Rembrandt gave the portrait to James Claypoole Copper, a member of the extended Peale family. Copper was the son of Norris Copper and Elizabeth Claypoole Copper; Elizabeth’s sister Mary was the wife of Rembrandt’s uncle, James Peale. In 1797 Copper’s widowed mother married Timothy Matlack (see the entry for 1947.17.10, p. 72, for the Gallery’s portrait of Matlack, which is attributed to Rembrandt Peale).15 Rembrandt Peale painted Copper’s portrait in about 1806 (private collection).10 Charles Willson Peale described him in 1809 to Rembrandt as “your friend Copper.”17 Copper managed Charles Willson Peale’s estate after Peale’s death in 1827.
Important information about the portrait comes from Rubens’ daughter Mary Jane Peale, to whom Copper gave the painting in 1854, when she was twenty-seven years old. When she recorded the gift in her diary on 20 April, she gave the history of the painting as she knew it, explaining why the geranium was significant and also why Peale was shown with two pairs of glasses. Since Rubens and Rembrandt Peale, Mary Jane’s father and uncle, were both living when Copper gave her the portrait, her comments carry considerable weight:
I called at Mr Coppers—he presented me with a very beautiful portrait of Father when about [age left blank] he is represented with a flower-pot in his hand containing a Waterloo geranium—when it was first introduced & considered very wonderful—a very fine specimen. It was first painted without spectacles & then to make it more perfect it was painted with spectacles on the eyes as he always wore them & then the others were left in order not to mar the picture. When it was painted Uncle Rembrant who painted the picture lived at the head of Mulberry Court. After the picture was finished it was placed in the window filling up the space of the lower sash—presently Father’s pet Dog a large mastiff—came running in to hunt Father & seeing him (as he thought) rushed towards it & would have bounded on him had not the family prevented it. This pleased them all very much. Mr. Copper was a very dear friend of Uncle Rembrants & always admired this picture very much so when Uncle went to Europe he presented this picture to Mr. Copper as something very good—so now before Mr. Copper died he wished to present it to Father’s daughter.18
Copper wrote Mary Jane on 28 April about the gift:
Dear Miss Peale It gives me much pleasure to acknowlege the receipt of a very pleasing note from the daughter of one of my old friends. I have necessarily delayed sending the portrait of your father until to day—I have looked at it many and many a time, with recollections of old times, of a mixed character, both of pleasure and regret, the natural result of the discontinuance of old habits and old associations. May your course through life, my dear young lady, leave you few causes of regret, and a great many thoughts of times well and happily spent. I request to be remembered most kindly to your good father & mother.19
At an unknown date Mary Jane Peale annotated the letter, repeating much of the information that she had written in her diary, but adding some important comments:
This letter was received by me from Mr. James G Copper. The Picture when painted was presented to him … He kept it during his life and when an old man sent for me, because he wanted to see if he liked me, and if he did he was going to give me the picture, so I suppose he liked me because he sent it. uncle Rembrant put on it a new back & cleaned it for me. It was painted on account of the Geranium which was the first one in this country. It was first painted without the glasses on but in the hand—they thought it would look better with them on, and they were painted—but uncle Rembrandt who painted it thought it would spoil the painting of the hand to take the others out, so they did not…. The geranium is a little withered in the painting room.20
Mary Jane Peale repeated and refined these stories in the 1880s. When she included the information in her “List of Pictures I Own, 1884,” she referred to the plant as “the Scarlet Geranium which was the first brought to this country.” She said that the painting “always belonged to Mr Copper.”21 The following year she repeated much of the information in her “List of Pictures I Own; 1885.”22 And in 1901 she again described the painting, this time in a codicil to her will, in which she stated that Peale had painted the portrait for Copper.23
In the portrait, Rubens and the geranium command equal attention. The plant becomes a significant means of characterizing the young man. Despite being named after the seventeenth-century painter Peter Paul Rubens, Rubens Peale by 1801 had demonstrated his skills as a naturalist rather than as an artist. Singled out by his father as a future museum proprietor, Rubens Peale later managed the Peale museums in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New York. In retrospect, he remembered how in 1793, not yet ten years old, he was entrusted with the care of unusual plants: “My Father received from France a number of subjects of Natural History in exchange for those he had sent, consisting of Birds, Reptáis, Insects & Seeds, amongst the latter was a paper of the Red Tomato & Okra. I planted them in potts, and had them growing, supposing them to be flowers, a french gentleman from St. Domingo recognized the Tomato as a favourite fruit of his. I gave the balance of these seeds to Mr. McMahon & Landreth, they soon introduced them in to the Phila, market.”24 His concern for his plants is reflected in letters he wrote to his family after he and Rembrandt left Philadelphia for New York in March 1802. Writing to his father on 2 April, he commented, “I hope my Plants are not negleckted.”25 On 19 April, he wrote his sister Sophonisba: “I think it is about time to take out the plants but I cannot judge for we left Summer in Philadelphia and brought winter along with us.”20
Mary Jane Peale’s comments about the geranium, when combined with information about the history of these plants in America, suggests that the painting may depict a new variety. In 1854 she described the plant as “a Waterloo geranium—when it was first introduced & considered very wonderful—a very fine specimen” and in 1884 as “the Scarlet Geranium which was the first brought to this country.” She also wrote that the portrait was “painted on account of the Geranium which was the first one in this country.” Is this a documented horticultural “first”?
Geraniums were first imported from South Africa to Europe in the early eighteenth century. The plants were introduced to North American horticulture in the mid-1700s. As tropical plants they required greenhouse, or hothouse, care in colder climates. In 1760 English horticulturist Peter Collinson wrote to his friend John Bartram in Philadelphia: “I am pleased thou will build a green-house. I will send thee seeds of Geraniums to furnish it. They have a charming variety, and make a pretty show in a green-house; but contrive and make a stove in it, to give heat in severe weather.”27 To distinguish this type of geranium from the other plants of the Geraniaceae family that were native to Europe or North America, French botanist Charles Louis L’Héritier de Brutelle established the genus Pelargonium in 1787.28 Geraniums became increasingly popular in America in the early nineteenth century. Philadelphia horticulturalist Bernard McMahon listed Pelargonium geraniums in his American Gardener’s Calendar; adapted to the Climates and Seasons of the United States (1806), explaining that “the Genus of Geranium, as constituted by Linnaeus, having become unwieldy by modern discoveries, has been divided into three genera.” He described details of their hothouse care and included instructions for growing seeds and cuttings.29 By 1808, Thomas Jefferson was growing Pelargonium geraniums in the White House.30
The plant in the portrait appears specifically to be a variety of Pelargonium inquinans, whose botanical features include velvety branches, softly textured leaves of five to seven lobes, scarlet flowers with five petals, and a long column of stamens. Its name inquinans (Latin for “staining”) is said to derive from the fact that its leaves turn a rusty or light brown color after they have been touched.31 The plant in the painting appears to have the characteristic brownish red tint on the edges of the lowest leaf.32 This scarlet-flowered geranium was first grown in England in the early lyoos.33 An engraving of the plant published in Hortus Elthamensis (London, 1732), an account by J. J. Dillenius of the gardens of Dr. James Sherard at Eltham, near London, is very similar to the plant in Peale’s painting.34
Philadelphian William Logan apparently ordered seeds of the plant among the vegetable and flower seeds that he acquired in 1768 from James Gordon’s nursery in London.35 In 1806 Bernard McMahon listed Pelargonium inquinans in his American Gardener’s Calendar, giving the plant’s English name as “scarlet-flowered geranium.”36 By this time, however, P. inquinans was already becoming rare, probably because it was the stock plant from which new varieties were produced. A London writer commented that P. inquinansy or “Stainingleaved Crane’s bill,” a “very old Geranium, once very common, is now a scarce plant. There are several fine scarlets under the title of the Nosegay Geraniums, that resemble this species, and are sometimes confounded with it, but upon comparison will be found to differ materially.”37 Years later, American horticulturalist Joseph Breck confirmed this, identifying P. inquinans as “probably the original of the Scarlet varieties.”38
Mary Jane Peale’s claim for the plant as “the first brought to this country” thus seems to refer not to the geranium in general but rather to a particular variety, perhaps of P. inquinans, that became known as the “Waterloo” geranium. In 1834 the “Waterloo geranium” was listed by horticulturalist Robert Buist among forty-nine varieties of the plant.39 Presumably the naming of the plant postdates the Battle of Waterloo (1815) and somehow relates to it.
While the geranium in the painting serves to define Rubens’ interests, and perhaps was intended as the subject of the painting, the two pairs of eyeglasses are critical in characterizing Rubens’ physical state. His poor eyesight was already apparent in early childhood, when it was identified as nearsightedness. Rembrandt later described Rubens’ difficulties:
A younger brother was so near-sighted, that I have seen him drawing, with pencils of his own manufacture—small sticks burnt in the candle and dipped in its grease—looking sometimes with his left eye, and then turning to look with his right eye, the end of his nose was blackened with his greasy charcoal. He was slow in his progress at school…. At ten years of age, he only knew two letters, o and i, never having distinctly seen any others, because his master, holding the book at a distance to suit his own eye, his pupil could see nothing but a blurred line—and only learned by rote.40
One day, a chance use of lenses made for an elderly person showed that Rubens was farsighted, a rare condition for a child but one that normally occurs in the elderly.41 Rubens described the correction to his eyesight in his “Memorandum’s”: “My sight has always been very bad and it was not untill I was about 10 or 12 years of age, that I could procure any glasses that aided my sight. I had to put the book or paper so close to my face that my nose would frequently touch the book. It was always thought that I required concave glasses and every degree of concavity was tried in vain, at last I happened to take a large burning-glass and placed it to my eye and to my great astonishment I saw at a distance every thing distinctly.”42 He wrote that after this discovery, “My father then went with me to Mr. Chs. [John] M’Alister’s store in Chesnut near 2d. st. He had no spectacles of so high a power, & he then set in a frame glasses of 4 ½ inch focus, with these spectacles I could see to read and even to read the signs across the street. This surprised him very much, he had never met with such a case before, (strange to say I still continue to use the glasses of the same focus ever since.) It was not until this discovery was made, that I could read a newspaper or other small print.”43
This story was later confirmed by Rembrandt Peale:
No concave glasses afforded him the least relief; but at Mr. M’Allister’s, the optician, my father being in consultation on his case, there lay on the counter several pairs of spectacles, which had just been tried by a lady ninety years old. Taking up one of these and putting it on, he exclaimed in wild ecstasy, that he could see across the street—”There’s a man!—there’s a woman!—there’s a dog!” These glasses were double convex of four and a half inch focus, and enabled him rapidly to advance in his studies. He has continued to use them, of the same strength, to the present time, being seventy years old—putting them on the first thing in the morning, and taking them off the last thing at night. In London in 1802, he was present at a lecture on optics, by Professor Walker, who declared he had never known another instance of a shortsighted person requiring strong magnifying glasses.44
Rubens’ need for magnification, rather than for concave glasses, was also noted by John Isaac Hawkins, an Englishman who had come to the United States in the 17905 and settled in Philadelphia by 1799. An engineer and prolific inventor, Hawkins worked closely with Charles Willson Peale, inventing the physiognotrace for his museum and the polygraph that Thomas Jefferson used to make copies of his correspondence.45 Hawkins took an interest in the problem of Rubens’ eyesight. In 1826, after he had returned to England, he described Rubens’ case in a published paper that he illustrated with an engraving of a design for trifocals. “I knew twenty-five years ago a very extraordinary exception to the use of concave glasses for nearsighted eyes, in a young man in Philadelphia; he tried concaves without any benefit, but accidentally taking up a pair of strong magnifiers, he found that he could see well through them, and continued the use of strong magnifiers with great advantage.”46
Evidence in the painting itself suggests that Mary Jane Peale was correct in stating that Rubens was first painted with only one pair of glasses, those in his hand. When Rembrandt added the second pair, she said, he did not remove the spectacles from Rubens’ hand because he did not want to “spoil the painting.” The artist has indicated clearly that the pair of glasses that Rubens holds has the strong magnifying lenses that he needed : The sidebar that is folded behind the glasses can be seen through the lenses, which have enlarged the image. (Because the sidebar is folded at its center joint, the loop at the end of the sidebar can also be seen, between the two lenses.)47 The power of these lenses is also indicated by the curve of their surface. A reflection of the studio window is visible in the lower corner of the lens that is farther from Rubens’ hand. By contrast, the glasses that Rubens is wearing do not enlarge his eyes, which suggests that they are not of high magnification. In fact, they seem to be carefully placed so that they do not interrupt the outline of his eyes. Instead only the flesh of his cheeks is visible through them. Rembrandt’s slightly later portrait of Rubens (NPG), painted in 1807, offers a helpful comparison. There, Rembrandt clearly represented Rubens wearing lenses with strong magnification. They quite noticeably enlarge the inner corner of Rubens’ left eye and the outer area of his right eye.48
Since two early portraits of Rubens by his brother Raphaelle Peale do not show him with glasses,49 only one other early portrait provides helpful evidence on the question of which glasses are original to the painting. The portrait of Rubens that Charles Willson Peale included in his painting Exhumation of the Mastodon (1805-1808, PM) depicts Rubens wearing glasses that appear to be of the same shape as those he is holding in the Gallery’s portrait.50 This type of frame, with large lenses and a wide bridge, was commercially available by 1801.51 In contrast, the glasses that Rubens wears, with a narrow bridge, were apparently less common.52 They are similar in shape to glasses made for the Peales and their acquaintances by John McAllister, the man that Rubens credited with assembling his first successful pair of glasses. The spectacles that McAllister made for Thomas Jefferson in 1806 (Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, Inc., Charlottesville) are similar in their narrow bridge, although the shape of the lenses is different.53 The pair that Charles Willson Peale is wearing on his forehead in his self-portrait of about 1804 (PAFA) is also similar, as is the pair that Rubens wears in Rembrandt’s 1807 portrait of him.
McAllister was a Scottish-born Philadelphia merchant and manufacturer who came to Philadelphia from New York in 1781. He opened a business selling canes and walking sticks, and by 1788 was a manufacturer of these and related merchandise. In 1796 he moved into a new shop at 48 Chestnut
Street, near Second Street. He was not an optician and until 1815 did not make spectacles; instead he imported and sold the frames, using lenses made elsewhere. It is believed that he first sold spectacles in 1799; his first advertisement for them appeared in the Philadelphia Gazette and Daily Advertiser in October 1800, at the beginning of his three-year partnership with John Matthews.54 With the exception of this partnership, McAllister’s business was at 48 Chestnut Street until his death in 1830. The earliest written evidence that he supplied spectacles for Charles Willson Peale is from 1806, when he made glasses for Peale and his brother James that were specially designed for miniature painting.55
One modern explanation for the two pairs of glasses was offered by Dr. John R. Levene, an optometrist. Noting that the lenses of the spectacles in Rubens’ hand are larger, and the bridge wider, than those of the pair he is wearing, Levene proposed that Rubens may have worn the pair in his hand lower down on his nose “for reading or close work purposes.” When both were worn at the same time, the combination could have created the effect of bifocals.56 Levene, however, was unaware of Mary Jane Peale’s accounts.57 Having read her statements, art historian John Wilmerding more recently noted a lack of physical evidence in the painting that would support her idea that the second pair of glasses was added. X-radiography revealed no measurable changes in the paint surface or reworking of the area. Wilmerding added that “these spectacles seem so integral and central to the entire effect and meaning of the painting that they must have been part of the intention and composition from the start.”58
Physical evidence is of limited help in solving the question. Close study of the painting did not reveal a reserved space for the glasses or for the reflected light on his cheeks, indicating that Peale did not set aside an area for the glasses when he painted the face. Examination of the surface of the painting revealed instead that the glasses were painted over the brushwork of the lower eyelids. However, this would be the case whether or not the glasses were intended to be there from the beginning, since they could have been painted at the final stage. Billie Follensbee has suggested that there is additional evidence that Mary Jane Peale’s narrative is accurate: the nature of the reflected pools of light on Rubens’ cheeks and the lack of distortion of his eyes as seen through the lenses. These pools of reflected light, which would indicate strong lenses, could easily have been added to a completed portrait. Repainting the eyes to indicate the magnification of the lenses would have been more difficult.59 In showing only the flesh of Rubens’ cheeks through the lenses, Rembrandt would not have had to alter the painting.
When would the glasses have been added? Presumably before Rembrandt Peale gave the painting to James Claypoole Copper. Mary Jane Peale wrote in 1854 that “Mr. Copper … always admired this picture very much so when Uncle went to Europe he presented this picture to Mr. Copper as something very good.”60 In her annotation of his letter, she modified this statement, saying that “The Picture when painted was presented to him.”61 If her comments are accurate, the gift could have been made before Rembrandt Peale’s first voyage abroad in 1802, when he and Rubens took the mastodon skeleton, with other natural history objects and some portraits, to England for exhibition.62 Rembrandt could also have given Copper the portrait before his trip to Europe in 1808, by which time he had painted his second portrait of Rubens, who in that portrait is seen wearing his glasses.63
The initial absence of the pair of spectacles reinforces Mary Jane Peale’s comment that the painting was done primarily to represent the geranium. “The geranium,” as she wrote in her annotation of Copper’s letter, “is a little withered in the painting room.” The sitter’s glance away from the plant places the emphasis on his gesture, touching the rim of the pot, as if to test the moistness of the soil. He is not looking at the plant, and his gesture does not need the sense of sight to confirm the information it receives. One could imagine that Rubens Peale was eager to take the withered geranium out of his brother’s painting room and return it to his own care.
EGM
Notes
1.Mary Jane Peale wrote that after the painting was given to her in 1854, her uncle Rembrandt Peale “put on it a new back & cleaned it for me”; undated annotation on letter from James Glaypoole Copper to Mary Jane Peale, 28 April 1854, AAA.
2.The date of Copper’s acquisition of the painting is unknown. Mary Jane Peale believed that he owned it almost from the time it was painted. In 1854 she wrote that “when Uncle [Rembrandt Peale] went to Europe,” he gave the portrait to Copper. In an undated annotation to Copper’s letter (28 April 1854, AAA), she wrote that “the Picture when Painted was presented to him.” Later, in her will, she said that it was “painted for him by Mr. Rembrandt Peale.” On Copper, see Graff 1893, 79, 101-102, which does not record his life dates. His parents were married in 1774.
3.For Mary Jane Peale’s dates, see the genealogy of the Peale Family in Elam 1967,10, and Miller 1992, 231. For information that she lived in Pottsville, see Hevner, “Rembrandt” 1986,1012.
4.Mary Jane Peale bequeathed the portrait to her nephew Albert Charles Peale, the son of her brother Charles Willson Peale and Harriet Friel Peale; see her will dated 27 June 1901 and the second codicil dated 6 September 1901, Register of Wills, Courthouse, Pottsville, Pennsylvania. (The will is signed and dated 1900, but is referred to in codicils as dated 1901; that date is more likely, given the date of the codicüs.) Albert Peale was one of the executors of Mary Jane Peale’s estate. For his dates, see Charles Coleman Sellers, “Peale Genealogy,” MS, Peale Papers Office, NPG; also, NCAB 1893-, 21:255-256.
5.The painting belonged to Jessie Sellers Colton by 1923, when she lent it to the exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. A label formerly on the painting (in NGA curatorial files) gives her name and address, and states that she was the great-niece of Rubens Peale. For her dates, see Sellers, “Peale Genealogy.”
6.Mrs. Esty owned the portrait when it was reproduced in Sellers 1947 (opp. 147, fig. 12) and lent it in 1955 to the exhibition at Pennsylvania State University. For her birth date see Sellers, “Peale Genealogy”; her date of death is recorded in Social Register Association 1978, 98.
7.Fleischman confirmed his ownership of the portrait in a letter of 19 December 1985 to the Gallery (in NGA curatorial files).
8.Mrs. Woolworth was the owner by 1963, when she lent the painting to the exhibition American Art from American Collections at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
9.“Fabulous” 1960, 76-77, fig. 74, “loaned by a private collector.”
10.This work has been identified in the past as having been exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1807 and at the Peale Museum in 1808. Peale included “No. 15 Rubens Peale by Rembrandt” in a sketch of the proposed arrangement for the academy in 1807 (Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1047 and note 4; Hevner, “Rembrandt” 1986, 1011-1012). He wrote to Rembrandt in 1808 that he was exhibiting “Your Portrait of … Rubens” at the museum (Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1096, 1098n.15; Hevner, “Rembrandt” 1986, 1012). More recently, however, Hevner noted that she believes that in both cases the portrait exhibited was probably the portrait of Rubens that Rembrandt painted in 1807 (NPG); note dated 20 December 1989 (in NPG curatorial files).
11.Rubens Peale, “Memorandum’s of Rubens Peale and the events of his life &c,” Peale-Sellers Papers, APS; see Miller 1980, fiche VIIB/1A2-G9, 5-6 (pagination added by the editors). Peale’s “Memorandum’s” are a rough chronology of events, beginning with his childhood. While he occasionally gives specific dates, they appear to be approximate. For example, he wrote that he sailed to England “early in the year 1801,” when in fact this voyage occurred in the summer of 1802. Family physician Dr. James Hutchinson was also professor of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania and secretary of the American Philosophical Society; Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1911.1.
12.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” 6-7.
13.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” 5.
14.For his activities in this period, see Miller, Hart,
1.and Ward 1988, 350-379; and Miller 1992, 47-54.
15.Graff 1893, 79.
16.Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1241n. 2.
17.Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1235; the letter is dated 28 October 1809.
18.Diary of Mary Jane Peale, 1854, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS; partially quoted in Hevner 1987,1996; and Follensbee 1997, 420.
19.Letter from James Claypoole Copper to Mary Jane Peale, 28 April 1854, AAA. The letter was written from 260 Marshall Street, which was Copper’s Philadelphia residence; see McElroy 1854,102.
20.Undated annotation by Mary Jane Peale on letter to her from James Claypoole Copper, 28 April 1854, AAA.
21.Mary Jane Peale, “List of Pictures I Own, 1884,” n.p., no. 34, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS. She added that “I have left it to Albert, in my will.” The portrait is also included in her “List of Pictures owned by Mary J. Peale & where they are,” 1883, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS, as “lo. Father when nineteen with Geranium by Rem Peale/’ located “at home.”
22.Mary Jane Peale, “List of Pictures I Own; 1885,” no. 24, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS (courtesy of Billie Follensbee, who located the document). The list has an annotation, “Rubens Peale,” in the left margin, which was crossed out. Below it was written “Albert Peale.” These notations seem to reflect Mary Jane Peak’s ideas about the recipient of the future bequest.
23.Will dated 27 June 1901, with second codicil dated 6 September 1901, Register of Wills, Court House, Pottsville, Pennsylvania. In the codicil she wrote: “The portrait of Father with the Geranium, the first brought to this country, and painted on account of the plant which shews [sic] that it was in the studio being a little withered. It was at first painted without the spectacles and afterwards put on. given to me by Mr. Copper, painted for him by Mr. Rembrandt Peale.” An undated draft of her will states: “I give to my niece Fannie Carrier the miniature of my Father by Miss Anna Peale afterwards Mrs. Duncan, unless Rubens would prefer it to the portrait of my Father with the Geranium given me by Mr. Copper for whom it was painted,” and “The picture of my Father painted by Uncle Rembrandt for Mr. Copper & given me by him I give to Albert” (Peale-Sellers Papers, APS). A “Last Will and Testament, 1883” that has occasionally been cited as in NGA curatorial files is in fact a partial photocopy of the 1901 will and codicil.
24.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” n. David Landreth came to Philadelphia in 1781 and established the city’s first nursery and seed business in 1784. He was probably Bernard McMahon’s first employer after McMahon arrived in the United States from Ireland in 1796. McMahon established his own business in Philadelphia in 1802; Pennsylvania Horticultural Society 1976, 22.
25.Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 421-422.
26.Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 427.
27.Darlington 1849, 224-225, letter of 15 September 1760; Hedrick 1950, 88; Pennsylvania Horticultural Society 1976, 24.
28.For example, Thomas Jefferson asked John Bartram, Jr., to include two American geraniums, Geranium maculatum and Geranium gibbosum, in a group of American plants that were sent to him in Paris in 1786; see Jefferson to John Bartram, Jr., 27 January 1786 (Boyd 1954, 228-230). The first, known as wild geranium or spotted crane’s bill, has rose-purple flowers and deeply divided leaves, while the second is a shrubby plant with deep greenish yellow flowers. See Betts 1944, 109-110; Betts and Perkins 1971, 57; Bailey 1900-1902, 2: 640; Clark 1988, 92. On the history and botanical features of geraniums and pelargoniums, see Bailey 1900-1902, 3:1257-1264; Van der Walt and Vorster 1977-1981; Everett 1981, 5: 1462-1465, 8: 2527; and Clark 1988,15-21, 93.
29.McMahon 1806, 83, 160, 355, 419, 444, 615, 618.
30.Adams 1976, 346, no. 600, written by Charles Coleman Sellers; see also 351 for botanical notes on Pelargonium. In December 1808 Margaret Bayard Smith asked Jefferson if he would give her the geranium that he kept in the White House, when he left Washington; he did this at the end of his second term the following spring; see Betts 1944, 382-383.
31.Van der Walt and Vorster 1977-1981, 1:23 and color repro. opp. 23.
32.Some writers believed that the name came about because the plant produced a red stain. Henry Andrews (1805, 2:n.p.) described the source as “the stems, which are beset with glands containing a red juice, which rubbed on paper stains it; from whence its specific title of Inquinans.”
33.Hobhouse 1992, 115; it was grown by Henry Compton (1632-1713), bishop of London, in his garden at Fulham Palace.
34.Dillenius 1732,151-152, and pi. cxxv, opp. 151, titled Geranium Afric. arborescent, Malvae folio pingui, flor e coccíneo Pein. The plate is reproduced in Bailey 1900-1902, 3: 1257, fig. 1698; see also 3: 1261-1262. See also Clark 1988,15.
35.Hobhouse 1992, 269, states that this order included inquinans but gives no source for this information.
36.McMahon 1806, 618.
37.Andrews 1805, 2:n.p.
38.Breck 1866, 310.
39.Buist 1834, no. The only indication of its color is the fact that the list is arranged by color of the flowers, from lightest to darkest, with this variety as number thirty-two out of forty-nine.
40.Peale, “Painter’s Eyes” 1856,164.
41.The first specialist to discuss Rubens’ eyesight in relation to this portrait was Dr. John R. Levene, a professor of optometry; see Levene 1977, 171-173. Opthalmologist Charles E. Letocha, M.D., of York, Pennsylvania, identified Peale’s condition to the Gallery staff in a letter of 4 February 1986 and subsequent correspondence (in NGA curatorial files). See also Letocha 1987, 476 (reference courtesy of Billie J. A. Follensbee). The most recent study of this portrait in relation to Peale’s eyesight and need for glasses is Follensbee 1997.
42.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” 7. A burning-glass is a converging lens used to focus the sun’s rays on an object so as to produce heat or combustion.
43.Peale, “Memorandum’s,” 7-8.
44.Peale, “Painter’s Eyes,” 1856,164-165.
45.On Hawkins, see Levene 1977, 166-189; and Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988.
46.Hawkins 1827, 39I-392J ne identified the “young man” as Rubens Peale. The reference is quoted in Levene 1977, 171, where Hawkins’ illustration, an engraving of his trifocals, is reproduced on 184, as figure 7.1.
47.The folded sidebar is commented on by Levene 1977, 172; and Wilmerding, “Young Masters” 1988, 86.
48.The portrait bears two inscribed dates, 1807 and 1821; the earlier date was not visible until the painting was cleaned in 1989 after it was acquired by the National Portrait Gallery. The painting was therefore incorrectly dated in Hevner, “Rembrandt” 1986, 1012, and is correctly dated in Hevner 1992, 260, fig. 124.
49.The first shows Rubens dressed as the mascot of McPherson’s Blues (c. 1795, private collection; illustrated in Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, color pi. 2, opp. 344); the second is a profile watercolor (c. 1805, NMAA;Miles 1994, ii2, repro.). Among later portraits, Anna Claypoole Peale’s miniature of 1822 (Bolton-Smith 1976,255, no. 212, repro.) and Mary Jane Peale’s portrait of 1855 ( Elam 1967, 138, no. 223, repro. 116) show him with glasses, while Rembrandt Peal’s portrait of 1834 ( Wadsworth Athenaeum) does not (Hevner 1985,76-77, no. 23, repro.).
50.On this painting, see Miller 1981, 47-68.
51.Numerous examples can be found in collections that document the history of eyeglasses; see Poulet 1978, 1: 142-144,148-150, 2: 217.
52.They appear less frequently in collections of eyeglasses. W. Poulet (1978, 1 : 155) illustrates as B 1077 a similar pair of frames with extendable sidebars, c. 1800 (they are not exactly the same, since they have rectangular lenses).
53.On these glasses, see the letter of John McAllister to Thomas Jefferson, 14 November 1806, Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress (transcript in NGA curatorial files, provided by Dr. Charles E. Letocha); Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 1006-1008, and note 1. Jefferson’s glasses are illustrated in Stein 1993,430.
54.Information on McAllister is from Danzenbaker 1968,1-4; correspondence of Dr. Charles E. Letocha, 4 February and 24 February 1986 (in NGA curatorial files); Letocha 1987,476; and research notes compiled by Deborah Jean Warner, curator, Physical Sciences Collections, NMAH.
55.John McAllister to Thomas Jefferson, 14 November 1806, Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress (transcript in NGA curatorial files, provided by Charles Letocha). McAllister’s bank books for 1796-1797, 1800-1801, and 1807-1809 (Hagley Museum and Library, Wilmington, Delaware) were checked for references to members of the Peale family, but none was found.
56.Levene 1977,172.
57.Follensbee 1997,58.
58.Wilmerding, “Young Masters” 1988, 85.
59.Follensbee 1997, 420-421.
60.Diary of Mary Jane Peale, 1854, Peale-Sellers Papers, APS.
61.Undated annotation by Mary Jane Peale on letter to her from James Claypoole Copper, 28 April 1854, AAA.
62.See Miller, Hart, and Ward 1988, 419-474, 485-603 (correspondence between Charles Willson Peale and his sons from January until their return in November 1803, interspersed with other Peale correspondence), 624n.2 (noting their return). See also Miller 1992, 57-71. Lillian Miller (1992, 58-59) suggests that Rembrandt took the painting to London in 1802, intending it as the pendant to his similarly sized self-portrait with the mammoth tooth, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1803. Carol Hevner (1992, 255, citing Graves 1905-1906, 6:87) indicates that the second portrait that Rembrandt exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1803 was a “Portrait in Chalk,” which does not describe the portrait of Rubens.
63.See note 10 above for discussion of the possible exhibition of the portrait at the PAFA in 1807 and at the PM in 1808.
References
•1947—Sellers: fig. 12, opp. 147.
•1956—Rendezvous: 2 repro., 28, no. 82 (not exhibited).
•1965—Feld 1283, repro.
•1971—Gerdts and Burke: 36, repro. 34, figs. 2-12.
•1976—Adams: 346, no. 600, repro.
•1976—Pennsylvania Horticultural Society: 24, repro. 27.
•1977—Levene: 171-172.
•1981—Gerdts: 3, color pl. 3, 62-63.
•1984—Foshay: 32-34, repro.
•1985—Hevner: 20, 21 fig. 5, 103n. 8.
•1986—Hevner, “Rembrandt”: 1010-1013, color repro.
•1986—Hevner, “Rubens”: 114-116, fig. 1 (color).
•1987—Hevner: 1996 and color repro., cover.
•1988—Miller, Hart, and Ward: 1047n. 4, 1096, 1098n. 15, 1241n. 2, color pl. 6, between 344 and 345.
•1988—Wilmerding, American Masterpieces: 66, no. 10; 67, color repro.
•1988—Wilmerding, “Young Masters”: 72-93.
•1992—Hevner: 255.
•1992—Miller: 57-60, fig. 22, 160, color pi. 4, 243.
•1992—NGA: 256, repro.
•1996—Miller: 35 (repro), 51-52, 309.
•1997—Follensbee: 417-424, repro.
Class of 1997 5th Reunion May 2002
Names L-R
Row 1: Arturo Martinez, Chanel Chambers, Shannon Hall, Jennifer Lantz Gavin, Rebecca Phares, Patricia Abernathy, Diepiriye S. Kuku, Dawn Tremblay, Meredith Cooper, Louis P. Sintasath
Row 2: Alison Ching, Rachel Gilbert, Estela DiFranco Field, Mona Gohara, Eboni Francis, Sara Bolitzer, Sara Daily, Ana Zapata, Joy Williams, Stephanie Riego Bester, Zelda Menard, Aparna Jain, Tanya Rosen-Jones, Anna Fewell, Elizabeth T. Mason.
Row 3: Albert B. Wong, Takeisha Hall Ruff, Jennifer Dewan, Zakia Redd, Farah Woodall Emeka, Melissa Gottwald, Jessica Barr, Anne Bentley, Ntombi A Peters, Ginger Pomiecko, Anne Howarth '96, Christina Ahrens, Jacqueline Linge.
Row 4: Kerri Sutton, Rebecca Nagel Operhall, Devon Greyson, Rashard W. Allen, David J. Tarlow, Jeffrey S. Green, Joseph A. Gordon, Rebecca Renard, Serjio Acevedo, Pavel DeJesus, Christopher G. Figge, Bryce B. Denney, Lynn Peemoeller.
Row 5: Heather West, Joshua B. Adams, Andrew T. Marcus, Richard A. Harris, Leonard Kusdra, Lora Nunn, Emily Eerdmans.
These laminated leaflets appeared in January 2011, posted in streets inside Haringey's Controlled Parking Zones (CPZs). They were part of the London Borough's statutory consultation on proposals for substantial increases in Parking Permit Charges.
In the past I've joked about some Haringey Council parking consultation leaflets. For example, one missed out the key information that charges were increasing. Another pretended that lines marking out parking bays were being "upgraded". In fact they had to be corrected because they were unlawful.
But there was nothing coy or shamefaced about the leaflet in the photo. It proudly announced the price hike in full multicoloured detail. (Read it enlarged here - back button returns to this page.)
A Tax In Everything But Name?
The key question, of course, is whether local councils raise parking charges to balance the Parking Account - which by law they are required to do. Or is it to raise more money to fill holes in their budgets?
On 14 August 2010 in a Daily Telegraph article - Motorists hit by soaring parking 'tax' - Rebecca Lefort suggested it was the latter. She commented that: "Councils have been accused of declaring war on the motorist after introducing a raft of new parking charges to plug holes in their budgets."
§ Similar points were made by Andrew Cooper, Kirklees Green Party councillor in a video clip from a December 2010 BBC Politics Show (Yorks & Lincs). . . . Read more here.
A Price-fixing Cartel ?
Also in January 2011, Flickr member Anony Pony pointed out that Haringey's Parking Account had been in healthy surplus. The Annual Report for April 2009-March 2010 (published in June 2010) showed a surplus of £3.096 million for that year. Anony also poured scorn on the justification used by Haringey Environment Department for the price hike - that it would bring Haringey's charges in line with other councils' charges. "Instead of giving us value for money", she wrote, "they seem to think having a cartel and price fixing is the way to go."
The Position in 2012
Naturally I was curious to see Haringey's 2010-2011 Parking Report. It didn't appear in June 2011, nor in September. I was told it was planned for January 2012.
To have at least a slim chance of getting information about the Parking Account without further delay, on 12 January 2012, I made a Freedom of Information Act (F.o.I) request. And so any Haringey resident could see it, I used the publicly accessible website WhatDoTheyKnow,com. Click the blue link to see my F.o.I request and follow-up email to Kevin Crompton, Haringey's Chief Executive.
Italian postcard by World Collection, no. P.c. 688.
With his bumbling English charm, Hugh Grant (1960) achieved international stardom in the romantic comedy Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). The handsome Brit with his floppy hair and posh accent delivered more endearing comic performances in hits like Notting Hill (1999), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) and About a Boy (2002). Privately, Grant also proved to have enough sense of humor to survive a media frenzy.
Hugh John Mungo Grant was born in Hammersmith, London, in 1960. He was the second son of Fynvola Susan MacLean, a schoolteacher, and James Murray Grant, a carpet sales representative. His elder brother, James Grant, is a successful banker. From 1969 to 1978, Hugh attended the independent Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith on a scholarship and played 1st XV rugby, cricket and football for the school. In 1979, he won the Galsworthy scholarship to New College, Oxford where he starred in his first film, Privileged (Michael Hoffman, 1982), produced by the Oxford University Film Foundation. Viewing acting as nothing more than a creative outlet, he joined the Oxford University Dramatic Society and starred in a successful touring production of Twelfth Night. To obtain his Equity card, he joined the Nottingham Playhouse, a regional theatre. Bored with small acting parts, he created his own comedy revue called The Jockeys of Norfolk with friends Chris Lang and Andy Taylor. The group toured London's pub comedy circuit and proved a hit at the Edinburgh Festival. Their sketch on the Nativity, told as an Ealing comedy, gained them a spot on the BBC2 TV show Edinburgh Nights. During this time, Grant also appeared in theatre productions of plays such as An Inspector Calls, Lady Windermere's Fan, and Coriolanus. His first leading film role came as as a sexually conflicted Edwardian in Maurice (James Ivory, 1987), adapted from E. M. Forster's novel. He and co-star James Wilby shared the Volpi Cup for best actor at the Venice Film Festival for their portrayals of lovers Clive Durham and Maurice Hall. Despite such acclaim, Grant's next films were largely forgettable affairswith the exception of The Lair of the White Worm (Ken Russell, 1988). Grant attained some cult status as a lord attempting to foil the murderous charms of a campy, trampy vampire (Amanda Donahoe). He had supporting parts in the BAFTA Award-nominated White Mischief (Michael Radford, 1987) and in Dawning (Robert Knights, 1988), opposite Anthony Hopkins. His classic good looks made him a natural for romantic leads. He played Lord Byron in the Spanish production Remando al viento/Rowing with the Wind (Gonzalo Suárez, 1988). During the shooting of this Goya Award-winning film, Grant met model and actress Elizabeth Hurley, who was cast in a supporting role as Byron's former lover Claire Clairmont. Their subsequent relationship created much media attention. He portrayed another real life figure, Frédéric Chopin, in Impromptu (James Lapine, 1991) opposite Judy Davis as George Sand. He also played Julie Andrews' gay son in the ABC made-for-television film Our Sons (John Erman, 1991). In Roman Polanski's Bitter Moon (1992), he portrayed a fastidious and proper British tourist married to Kristin Scott Thomas, who finds himself enticed by the sexual hedonism of a seductive French woman (Emmanuelle Seigner) and her embittered, paraplegic American husband (Peter Coyote). His work in the award-winning Merchant-Ivory drama The Remains of the Day (James Ivory, 1993) went largely unnoticed.
At 32, Hugh Grant became an overnight international star when he played bohemian and debonair bachelor Charles in Four Weddings and a Funeral (Mike Newell 1994), opposite Andie MacDowell. The romantic comedy, written by Richard Curtis, became the highest-grossing British film to date with a worldwide box office in excess of $244 million. Among the numerous awards for the film, Grant earned his first and only Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award. Het signed a two-year production deal with Castle Rock Entertainment and became founder and director of the UK-based Simian Films Limited. He appointed Elizabeth Hurley as the head of development to look for prospective projects. Simian Films produced two Grant vehicles in the 1990s but closed its US office in 2002. Grant was one of the choices to play James Bond in GoldenEye (1995), but eventually lost out to Pierce Brosnan. He did play Emma Thompson's suitor in the Academy Award-winning film version of Jane Austen's classic 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility (Ang Lee, 1995) and was a cartographer in 1917 Wales in The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain (Christopher Monger, 1995). He also performed in the Academy Award-winning Restoration (Michael Hoffman, 1995) with Robert Downey Jr.. On 27 June 1995, Grant was arrested in Los Angeles, California, for lewd conduct after police checking into a ‘suspicious parked car’ found him with Divine Brown, a prostitute, in the front seat. He pleaded no contest and was fined $1,180, placed on two years' summary probation. The arrest occurred about two weeks before the release of Grant's first major studio film, Nine Months, which he was scheduled to promote on several American television shows. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno had him booked for the same week. In the much-watched interview, Grant was noted for not making excuses for the incident after Leno asked him, "What the hell were you thinking?" Grant answered, "I think you know in life what's a good thing to do and what's a bad thing, and I did a bad thing. And there you have it." The comedy Nine Months (Chris Columbus, 1995) was almost universally panned by critics, but it proved a hit at the box office. Grant made his debut as a film producer with the thriller Extreme Measures (Michael Apted, 1996), a commercial and critical failure. After a three-year hiatus, he paired with Julia Roberts in Notting Hill (Roger Michell, 1999), made by much of the same team that was responsible for Four Weddings and a Funeral. This new Working Title production displaced Four Weddings and a Funeral as the biggest British hit in the history of cinema, with earnings equalling $363 million worldwide. The comedy helped to restore some of Grant’s luster. He also released his second production output, a fish-out-of-water mob comedy Mickey Blue Eyes (Kelly Makin, 1999), that year. More successful was Small Time Crooks (Woody Allen, 2000) in which Grant played an unsympathetic art dealer. After 13 years together, Grant and Elizabeth Hurley split up in May 2000, but two years later Grant became godfather to Hurley's son Damian (2002).
Hugh Grant played a charming but womanising book publisher in Bridget Jones's Diary (Sharon Maguire, 2001). The film, featuring Renée Zellweger and adapted from Helen Fielding's novel, was an international hit, earning $281 million worldwide.Grant played another womaniser, Will Freeman, in About a Boy (Paul Weitz, 2002), the film adaptation of Nick Hornby's best-seller At AllMovie, Michael Hastings notes: “Hugh Grant is one of the few actors since Cary Grant who can remain likeable even as he's committing near-despicable acts of dishonesty.” The film earned Grant his third Golden-Globe nomination, while the London Film Critics Circle named Grant its Best British Actor. About a Boy also marked a notable change in Grant's boyish look. Now 41, he had lost weight and also abandoned his trademark floppy hair. Grant was also paired with Sandra Bullock in Warner Bros.'s Two Weeks Notice (Marc Lawrence, 2002), which made $199 million internationally but was panned by critcics. It was followed by the ensemble comedy, Love Actually (Richard Curtis, 2003), headlined by Grant as the British Prime Minister. A Christmas release by Working Title Films, the film was promoted as ‘the ultimate romantic comedy’ and accumulated $246 million at the international box office. In 2004, Grant reprised his role as Daniel Cleaver for a small part in Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (Beebon Kidron, 2004), which, like its predecessor, made more than $262 million commercially. Gone from the screen for two years, Grant then reteamed with Paul Weitz for the black comedy American Dreamz (2006), in which he portrayed the acerbic host of an American Idol-like reality show. American Dreamz failed financially but Grant’s self-loathing performance was generously praised. In 2007, Grant starred opposite Drew Barrymore in Music and Lyrics (Marc Lawrence, 2007), a parody of pop culture and the music industry. Grant learned to sing, play the piano, dance (a few mannered steps) and studied the mannerisms of prominent musicians to prepare for his role as a has-been pop singer, based loosely on Andrew Ridgeley. He starred opposite Sarah Jessica Parker in the romantic comedy Did You Hear About the Morgans? (Marc Lawrence, 2009), which was a commercial as well as a critical failure. In April 2011 he published an article in the New Statesman ‘The Bugger, Bugged’ about a conversation with Paul McMullan, former journalist and paparazzo for News of the World. In unguarded comments which were secretly taped by Grant, McMullan alleged that editors at the Daily Mail and News of the World, had ordered journalists to engage in illegal phone tapping and had done so with the full knowledge of senior British politicians. Wikipedia describes how “Grant's article attracted considerable interest, due to both the revelatory content of the taped conversation, and the novelty of Grant himself ‘turning the tables’ on a tabloid journalist”. The later revelation that the voicemail of the by then murdered Millie Dowler had been hacked, and evidence for her murder enquiry had been deleted, turned the coverage from media interest to widespread public and eventually political outrage. “Grant became something of a spokesman against Murdoch's News Corporation, culminating in a bravura performance on BBC television's Question Time in July 2011”. Grant played several six evil characters in the epic drama film Cloud Atlas (Tom Tykwer, Andy Wachowski, Lana Wachowski, 2012). In November 2011, it was announced that Grant had become a father to a baby girl, Tabitha, earlier that autumn. The identity of the mother, with whom Grant had a "fleeting affair" according to his publicist, was not at first announced; however, it was later revealed to be a Chinese woman, Tinglan Hong. In an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in April 2012, Grant revealed that his daughter's Chinese name is Xiao Xi, meaning ‘happy surprise’. Grant and Hong reportedly briefly reunited in 2012. In February 2013, Hugh Grant announced that they had recently welcomed a son named Felix Chang. In the cinema, Hugh Grant can be seen soon in another romantic comedy, The Rewrite (Marc Lawrence, 2014) with Marisa Tomei, and in the action comedy The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (Guy Ritchie, 2015), based on the legendary TV series.
Sources: Rebecca Flint Marx (AllMovie), Steve Shelokhonov (IMDb), Michael Hastings (AllMovie), FilmReference.com, Wikipedia, and IMDb.
Spanish postcard in the Colección 'Estrellas de actualidad' by CACITEL, S.L., 1990, no. 101.
With his bumbling English charm, Hugh Grant (1960) achieved international stardom in the romantic comedy Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). The handsome Brit with his floppy hair and posh accent delivered more endearing comic performances in hits like Notting Hill (1999), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) and About a Boy (2002). Privately, Grant also proved to have enough sense of humour to survive a media frenzy.
Hugh John Mungo Grant was born in Hammersmith, London, in 1960. He was the second son of Fynvola Susan MacLean, a schoolteacher, and James Murray Grant, a carpet sales representative. His elder brother, James Grant, is a successful banker. From 1969 to 1978, Hugh attended the independent Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith on a scholarship and played 1st XV rugby, cricket and football for the school. In 1979, he won the Galsworthy scholarship to New College, Oxford where he starred in his first film, Privileged (Michael Hoffman, 1982), produced by the Oxford University Film Foundation. Viewing acting as nothing more than a creative outlet, he joined the Oxford University Dramatic Society and starred in a successful touring production of Twelfth Night. To obtain his Equity card, he joined the Nottingham Playhouse, a regional theatre. Bored with small acting parts, he created his own comedy revue called The Jockeys of Norfolk with friends Chris Lang and Andy Taylor. The group toured London's pub comedy circuit and proved a hit at the Edinburgh Festival. Their sketch on the Nativity told as an Ealing comedy, gained them a spot on the BBC2 TV show Edinburgh Nights. During this time, Grant also appeared in theatre productions of plays such as An Inspector Calls, Lady Windermere's Fan, and Coriolanus. His first leading film role came as a sexually conflicted Edwardian in Maurice (James Ivory, 1987), adapted from E. M. Forster's novel. He and co-star James Wilby shared the Volpi Cup for best actor at the Venice Film Festival for their portrayals of lovers Clive Durham and Maurice Hall. Despite such acclaim, Grant's next films were largely forgettable affairs except for The Lair of the White Worm (Ken Russell, 1988). Grant attained some cult status as a lord attempting to foil the murderous charms of a campy, trampy vampire (Amanda Donahoe). He had supporting parts in the BAFTA Award-nominated White Mischief (Michael Radford, 1987) and Dawning (Robert Knights, 1988), opposite Anthony Hopkins. His classic good looks made him a natural for romantic leads. He played Lord Byron in the Spanish production Remando al viento/Rowing with the Wind (Gonzalo Suárez, 1988). During the shooting of this Goya Award-winning film, Grant met model and actress Elizabeth Hurley, who was cast in a supporting role as Byron's former lover Claire Clairmont. Their subsequent relationship created much media attention. He portrayed another real-life figure, Frédéric Chopin, in Impromptu (James Lapine, 1991) opposite Judy Davis as George Sand. He also played Julie Andrews' gay son in the ABC made-for-television film Our Sons (John Erman, 1991). In Roman Polanski's Bitter Moon (1992), he portrayed a fastidious and proper British tourist married to Kristin Scott Thomas, who finds himself enticed by the sexual hedonism of a seductive French woman (Emmanuelle Seigner) and her embittered, paraplegic American husband (Peter Coyote). His work in the award-winning Merchant-Ivory drama The Remains of the Day (James Ivory, 1993) went largely unnoticed.
At 32, Hugh Grant became an overnight international star when he played bohemian and debonair bachelor Charles in Four Weddings and a Funeral (Mike Newell 1994), opposite Andie MacDowell. The romantic comedy, written by Richard Curtis, became the highest-grossing British film to date with a worldwide box office above $244 million. Among the numerous awards for the film, Grant earned his first and only Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award. Het signed a two-year production deal with Castle Rock Entertainment and became the founder and director of the UK-based Simian Films Limited. He appointed Elizabeth Hurley as the head of development to look for prospective projects. Simian Films produced two Grant vehicles in the 1990s but closed its US office in 2002. Grant was one of the choices to play James Bond in GoldenEye (1995) but eventually lost out to Pierce Brosnan. He did play Emma Thompson's suitor in the Academy Award-winning film version of Jane Austen's classic 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility (Ang Lee, 1995) and was a cartographer in 1917 Wales in The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain (Christopher Monger, 1995). He also performed in the Academy Award-winning Restoration (Michael Hoffman, 1995) with Robert Downey Jr.. On 27 June 1995, Grant was arrested in Los Angeles, California, for lewd conduct after police checking into a ‘suspicious parked car’ found him with Divine Brown, a prostitute, in the front seat. He pleaded no contest and was fined $1,180, and placed on two years' summary probation. The arrest occurred about two weeks before the release of Grant's first major studio film, Nine Months, which he was scheduled to promote on several American television shows. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno had him booked for the same week. In the much-watched interview, Grant was noted for not making excuses for the incident after Leno asked him, "What the hell were you thinking?" Grant answered, "I think you know in life what's a good thing to do and what's a bad thing, and I did a bad thing. And there you have it." The comedy Nine Months (Chris Columbus, 1995) was almost universally panned by critics, but it proved a hit at the box office. Grant made his debut as a film producer with the thriller Extreme Measures (Michael Apted, 1996), a commercial and critical failure. After a three-year hiatus, he paired with Julia Roberts in Notting Hill (Roger Michell, 1999), made by much of the same team that was responsible for Four Weddings and a Funeral. This new Working Title production displaced Four Weddings and a Funeral as the biggest British hit in the history of cinema, with earnings equalling $363 million worldwide. The comedy helped to restore some of Grant’s lustre. He also released his second production output, a fish-out-of-water mob comedy Mickey Blue Eyes (Kelly Makin, 1999), that year. More successful was Small Time Crooks (Woody Allen, 2000) in which Grant played an unsympathetic art dealer. After 13 years together, Grant and Elizabeth Hurley split up in May 2000, but two years later Grant became godfather to Hurley's son Damian (2002).
Hugh Grant played a charming but womanising book publisher in Bridget Jones's Diary (Sharon Maguire, 2001). The film, featuring Renée Zellweger and adapted from Helen Fielding's novel, was an international hit, earning $281 million worldwide. Grant played another womaniser, Will Freeman, in About a Boy (Paul Weitz, 2002), the film adaptation of Nick Hornby's best-seller At AllMovie, Michael Hastings notes: “Hugh Grant is one of the few actors since Cary Grant who can remain likeable even as he's committing near-despicable acts of dishonesty.” The film earned Grant his third Golden Globe nomination, while the London Film Critics Circle named Grant its Best British Actor. About a Boy also marked a notable change in Grant's boyish look. Now 41, he had lost weight and also abandoned his trademark floppy hair. Grant was also paired with Sandra Bullock in Warner Bros.'s Two Weeks Notice (Marc Lawrence, 2002), which made $199 million internationally but was panned by critics. It was followed by the ensemble comedy, Love Actually (Richard Curtis, 2003), headlined by Grant as the British Prime Minister. A Christmas release by Working Title Films, the film was promoted as ‘the ultimate romantic comedy’ and accumulated $246 million at the international box office. In 2004, Grant reprised his role as Daniel Cleaver for a small part in Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (Beebon Kidron, 2004), which, like its predecessor, made more than $262 million commercially. Gone from the screen for two years, Grant then reteamed with Paul Weitz for the black comedy American Dreamz (2006), in which he portrayed the acerbic host of an American Idol-like reality show. American Dreamz failed financially but Grant’s self-loathing performance was generously praised. In 2007, Grant starred opposite Drew Barrymore in Music and Lyrics (Marc Lawrence, 2007), a parody of pop culture and the music industry. Grant learned to sing, play the piano, dance (a few mannered steps) and studied the mannerisms of prominent musicians to prepare for his role as a has-been pop singer, based loosely on Andrew Ridgeley. He starred opposite Sarah Jessica Parker in the romantic comedy Did You Hear About the Morgans? (Marc Lawrence, 2009), which was a commercial as well as a critical failure.
In April 2011 Hugh Grant published an article in the New Statesman ‘The Bugger, Bugged’ about a conversation with Paul McMullan, former journalist and paparazzo for News of the World. In unguarded comments which were secretly taped by Grant, McMullan alleged that editors at the Daily Mail and News of the World had ordered journalists to engage in illegal phone tapping and had done so with the full knowledge of senior British politicians. Wikipedia describes how “Grant's article attracted considerable interest, due to both the revelatory content of the taped conversation, and the novelty of Grant himself ‘turning the tables’ on a tabloid journalist”. The later revelation that the voicemail of the by then murdered Millie Dowler had been hacked, and evidence for her murder enquiry had been deleted, turned the coverage from media interest to widespread public and eventually political outrage. “Grant became something of a spokesman against Murdoch's News Corporation, culminating in a bravura performance on BBC television's Question Time in July 2011”. Grant played several six evil characters in the epic drama film Cloud Atlas (Tom Tykwer, Andy Wachowski, Lana Wachowski, 2012). In November 2011, it was announced that Grant had become a father to a baby girl, Tabitha, earlier that autumn. The identity of the mother, with whom Grant had a "fleeting affair" according to his publicist, was not at first announced; however, it was later revealed to be a Chinese woman, Tinglan Hong. In an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in April 2012, Grant revealed that his daughter's Chinese name is Xiao Xi, meaning ‘happy surprise’. Grant and Hong reportedly briefly reunited in 2012. In February 2013, Hugh Grant announced that they had recently welcomed a son named Felix Chang. In the cinema, Hugh Grant can be seen soon in another romantic comedy, The Rewrite (Marc Lawrence, 2014) with Marisa Tomei, and in the action comedy The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (Guy Ritchie, 2015), based on the legendary TV series. In 2018, Grant returned to television screens after 25 years, as Jeremy Thorpe in the BBC One miniseries A Very English Scandal, which marked his second collaboration with director Stephen Frears. In 2019, Grant played another against-type role, in Guy Ritchie's The Gentlemen, his second collaboration with the director following The Man From U.N.C.L.E. In 2020, Grant starred in the HBO miniseries The Undoing, opposite Nicole Kidman and Donald Sutherland. Grant's performance was widely acclaimed. In 2023, Grant reunited with Guy Ritchie for the action Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre alongside Jason Statham and Aubrey Plaza. The film was a box office flop with mixed reviews. Grant also appeared as an Oompa-Loompa in Wonka (Paul King, 2023) starring Timothée Chalamet. The film serves as a prequel to the Roald Dahl novel 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory', exploring Willy Wonka's origins. In 2024, Grant had a guest appearance in the HBO series The Regime (Stephen Frears, 2024) starring Kate Winslet. Grant also starred in the Horror film Heretic (Scott Beck, Bryan Woods, 2024) and will return to the romantic comedy genre, reprising his role as Daniel Cleaver in Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy (Michael Morris, 2025).
Sources: Rebecca Flint Marx (AllMovie), Steve Shelokhonov (IMDb), Michael Hastings (AllMovie), FilmReference.com, Wikipedia, and IMDb.
And please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
MUNICH, GERMANY - JUNE 30: Rebecca Grossman-Cohen (L) of The Daily and Franziska von Lewinski of Interone attend the Digital Life Design women conference (DLDwomen) at Bavarian National Museum on June 30, 2011 in Munich, Germany. The conference features discussions, case studies and lectures and brings together an extraordinary group of international high-profile speakers and more than 500 participants from business, media, technology, society, health, education, politics and science.
Free press picture | Fotocredit: Getty Images / Hubert Burda Media
Monument to Mary Kemp, Lady Digges and her sons erected by her husband Sir Dudley Digges (1585-1639). With 4 figures round a 11 ft central column of Justice, Prudence, Temperance and Fortitude. Monument by Nicholas Stone
Mary was co-heiress with 3 surviving sisters of Sir Thomas Kempe 1607 of Olantigh,Wye. Kent & 2nd wife Dorothy daughter of John Thompson Sheriff of Bedfordshire & Buckinghamshire, & Dorothy Gilbert
Mary;s co-heiress sisters were Anne Skipwith, Anne Cutt 1613 is at Swavesby www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/nHZTi8 & Dorothy wife of Sir Thomas Chicheley at Wimpole www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/e6895p )
She m Sir Dudley Digges 1639 of Chilham Castle son of Leonard Digges and Bridget daughter of Thomas Wilsford / Wilford and Elizabeth daughter of Walter Culpepper
Children
1. Thomas 1603-1687 m Mary daughter of Sir Maurice Abbott, Lord Mayor of London and Margaret Barnes
2. Dudley c 1612–1643 published a treatise on the Illegality of Subjects taking up Arms against their Sovereigns
3. Francis
4. Edward 1621-1675 m Mary Elizabeth Page (Edward was one of the "planters," who emigrated in the 1640s and became Governor of Virginia.
5. Leonard b1622
6. Herbert b/d 1628
7. Richard d1631
1. Anne b1616
2. Elizabeth b1617
3. Mary
Sir Dudley, a courtier at the court of Elizabeth I remarked of her "For her own mind, what that really was I must leave, as a thing doubly inscrutable, both as she was a woman and a queen" (Elizabeth the Queen - Alison Weir)
In One of ye Two Chapels belonging to ye DIGGES’s, on ye South Side of ye Chancel, (under wch. is a large Vault for ye Burial of ye Family of Sir Dudley Digges, ye Builder thereof), is a large Pedestal of Marble, on which stands a round Pillar, about 12 Feet high; on ye Top of wch. is an Urn; and, near ye Top, 4 Coats & Quarterings of ye Arms of Digges & KEMPE*; On ye 4 Corners of ye Pedestal are ye Statues, (with their Attributes), of ye 4 Cardinal Virtues; and, on ye 4 Sides, ye 4 following Inscriptions. *The Arms of KEMP are these. [Gu. a fesse betw. 3 garbs & a border engrld. or].
On the West Side.
"Sr. Dudley DIGGS Knight. Whose Death ye wisest of Men do reckon amongst ye Publick Calamities of these Times; on ye 10th Day of March, ye Year from ye Virgin Mother 1638/9, he resign’d his Spirit into ye Hand of his Maker; his Body to ye Peacefull Shades below; in humble Confidence he shall awake, rise up, and be cloathed with Immortality, in ye Dawn of that glorious Day wch. shall know no Night. Thou mays’t behold ye Grave of his Person, not of his Memory. What was earthly is sunk down into ye Land where all Things are forgotten: but ye Remembrance of his great Example will live through Age, ye Disease of Stones as well as Men; The Witness of his Death, This Tomb itself, shall die. The Story of his Life May be ye Rule of Ours. His Understanding few can equal; his Virtues fewer will. He was, a Pious Son; a Carefull Father; a Loving Husband; a Fatherly Brother; a Courteous Neighbour; a Mercyfull Landlord; a Liberal Master; a Noble Friend. When, after much Experience gain’d by Travel, and an exact Survey of ye Laws and People of foreigne Kingdoms, he had enabled himself for ye serving of his Country, observing too Many justle for Place, and cross ye Publick Interest if not joyn’d with their private Gain, hindring ye Motion of ye Great Body of ye Common Wealth, unless ye inferior Orbe of their Estates were advanced thereby; He was satisfied with ye Conscience of Merit; knowing, Good Men only can deserve Honours, ‘tho ye worst may attain them; his Noble Soul could not stoop to Ambition, nor be a beholding that, (‘tho ye most generous Vice) for an Occasion to exercise his Virtues. Out of such Apprehensions his moderate Desires confined his Thoughts to ye Innocency of a retired Life: When the most knowing of Princes, KING JAMES, who ever made Choice of the most knowing Ministers, judging none more equal to Employments, than those who wd. not unworthily court them, sent him Embassador to the EMPEROR of RUSSIA after his Return, and some Years conscionably spent in ye Service to the State, being unbiass’d by Popular Applause, or Court Hopes, he was made Master of ye Rolls. This did crown his former Actions; and, ‘tho it cd. not increase his Integrity, it made it more conspicuous: and, whom his Acquaintance, before, now, ye Kingdom honourd. If ye Example of his Justice had Powerfull Influence on all Magistrates, ye People who are governd wd. be happy upon Earth; and, ye Rulers, in Heaven, with him, who counted it an unworthy Thing to be tempted to Vice, by ye Reward of Virtue".
On ye East Side.
"Mary Kempe, Lady DIGGES, Daughter and Coheir of Sr. Thomas KEMPE of Olantigh, Knight, by Sr. Thomas MOYLE’s Daughter & Coheir Son of Sr. Thomas Kempe Knight by an Heir of BROWN & ARUNDEL, Son of Sr. William Kempe Knight, who by Emlen, Daughter and Coheire of Sr. Valentine CHICH, and Philippa Daughter and Heir of Sr. Robert CHICHLEY, Mayor of London, & Brother to HENRY, ye Arch Bishop, was Son to Sr. Thomas Kempe, Knight, Nephew to Thomas Kempe, Bishop of London, ye Nephew of John Kempe, Arch Bishop of York, then of Canterbury, Cardinal, L. Chancelor, etc. lies here buried together with Francis her 4th and Richard her 8th Son."
On ye North Side.
"Read in Genesis, how Rachell falling in Travail of her youngest Son, after a hard Labour departed, and Jacob set a Pillar over her Grave. In humble Imitation, for sacred Memory of a most virtuous Lady, that so died, alas, late, like Rachell Lovely, Loving, and beloved. Like Leah, fruitfull Mother of 8 Sons and 3 Daughters. Without Blemish, without Blame, through her (like Rebecca’s) tender and religious Care. Whose daily pious Practice, after her own Private Prayer, was to hear and teach her Children; then, give Order in her House; and, then, become for Charity, the Poor’s Physitian, Surgeon, Servant. Like Sara, to her Husband, most obsequious. Such a House wife, Such a constant Housekeeper, as for Example for ye best of Wives, In this Chappel, consecrated to her Virtues, was this Monument set up".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_Digges
- Chilham church Kent
Incidents(1996/7) were exhibited for the first time by Harald Szeemann at the Lyon Biennial 1997.
alchetron.com/Harald-Szeemann-770370-W
1997 Lyon Biennial L'autre (the Other)
Originating in 1991, the city of Lyon's Musee d'art Contemporain co-directors, Thierry Raspail and Thierry Prat, has hosted a biennial art exhibition, which generally has garnered little attention to international audiences. Each biennial has a specific theme and guest curator who determines the components of the exhibition. The choice for the Fourth Biennial, in 1997, was Harald Szeemann. The co-directors chosen theme for the exhibition was derived from the post-structuralist term L'autre, the other. L'autre was held at L'Halle Tony Garnier in the outskirts of Lyon. The structure from the 1920s is an example of extraordinary engineering of the era. The large scale of the space made it suitable for showing large-scale works such as by Richard Serra or Serge Spitzer, which would otherwise be excluded from such exhibitions in conventional spaces.
Szeemann's choices were eclectic but consistently focused on the subject of contemporary artists' personal mythologies. Large-scale sculptures by artists as: Bruce Nauman, Louise Bourgeois, Joseph Beuys, Richard Serra, Chris Burden, Jessica Stockholder, Hanne Darboven, and Ute Schroder were viewed in relation to video installations by: Gary Hill, Mariko Mori, Zhang Peill, Paul McCarthy, and Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky. There were "physical/ ephemeral" pieces by younger artists, such as Jason Rhoades and Richard Jackson, and the famous large-scale black rats by Katharina Fritsch, which were shown earlier at the Dia Center for the Arts in New York.
Szeemann included a historical section with bronze cast self-portraits of the eighteenth-century artist Frances Xavier Messerschmidt, an ancestral figure to contemporary performance art. Szeemann mounted the bronze heads in a circular arrangement, thereby asserting their relationship to closely placed works by the Austrian Actionists of the 1960s. Surrounding the Messerschmidts were photographs, drawings, and relics by artists as Rudolph Schwarzkogler, Hermann Nitsch, Otto Muhl, Gunther Brus, and Arnulf Rainer. Another portion of the "historical" section was an entry in the exhibition catalog by the French art historian and curator Jean Clair.
An apparent theme intended by Szeemann in L'Autre was to position artists at the end of modernism within the context of a "self-historifying mythos". The diversity of works chosen for the Fourth Biennial reflected the constant edge of what was modernism, also what is perceived at its boundaries.
"L'Autre. 4e Biennale de Lyon, Art Contemporain," (Curator Harald Szeemann), Lyon, France (cat.) Participating artists: Martine Aballea, Polly Apfelaum, Francis Bacon, Gilles Barbier, Matthew Barney, Joseph Beuys, Emery Blagdon, Louise Bourgeois, Rebecca Bournigault, Eugene von Bruenchenhein, Günter Brus, Chris Burden, Ferdinand Cheval, James Coleman, Serge Comte, Kyle Cooper pour R/GA Digital Studios Inc., Vincent Corpet, Hans Daunuser, Hanne Darboven, Stan Douglas, Nathalie Elemento, Etienne-Martin, Valie Export, Katharina Fritsch, Franz Gertsch, Douglas Gordon, Marie-Ange Guilleminot, Raymond Hains, Nicolas Herubel, Gary Hill, Richard Hoeck, An Hong, Jean-Olivier Hucleux, Peter Hutchinson, Pierre Huyghe, Fabrice Hybert, Richard Jackson, Christian Jankowski, Pu Jie, Jeff Koons, Igor & Svetlana Kopystiansky, Guillermo Kuitca, Emma Kunz, Elisar von Kupffer, Wolfgang Laib, Abigail Lane, Bul Lee, Ingeborg Lüscher, Paul Mc Carthy, Machine Kafka, Chris Marker, Feng Mengbo, Franz-Xaver Messerschmidt, Yan Pei Ming, John Monteith, Mariko Mori, Otto Muehl, Juan Muñoz, Bruce Nauman, Herman Nitsch, Gabriel Orozco, Philippe Parreno, Zhang Peili, Manfred Pernice, Friederike Pätzold, Arnulf Rainer, Charles Ray, Lene Reckenfelder, Jason Rhoades, Pipilotti Rist, Allen Ruppersberg, Ute Schröder, Rudolf Schwarzkogler, Richard Serra, Pierrick Sorin, Serge Spitzer, Jessica Stockholder, Nahum Tevet, Elmar Trankwalder, Luc Tuymans, Henry Ughetto, Franz West, Wang Xingwei, Yukinori Yanagi, Xu Yihui, Chen Zhen.
kopystianskyincidents.tumblr.com/
Exhibition History of “Incidents” (1996/7), 14:56 min video/sound installation:
1997 "L’Autre. 4e Biennale de Lyon, Art Contemporain," Lyon, France. Curated by Harald Szeemann, (cat.).
1997 “2nd Johannesburg Biennale,” South Africa. Curated by Okwui Enwezor (cat.).
1997 “In Medias Res,” Dolmabahce Palace, Istanbul. Curated by René Block (cat.).
1999 “Szenewechsel” (Change of Scene) Museum of Modern Art, Frankfurt/Main. Curated by Jean-Christophe Ammann and Mario Kramer.
1999 “Trace” Liverpool Biennial of Contemporary Art, Tate Gallery Liverpool. Curated by Anthony Bond, (cat.).
1999 “Wait,” Kunst-Werke, Berlin. Curated by Klaus Biesenbach
2000 Folkwang Museum in Essen, Germany. Curated by Klaus Biesenbach
2000 “Moment,” Dundee Contemporary Arts, Great Britain. Curated by Katrina Brown
2000 “Incidents,” Vor und Zurück. Curated by Sylvia Martin. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Germany.
2000 “Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky” Museum Sztuki, Lodz, Poland
2000 “Incidents” Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Curated by Anthony Bond.
2004 “9th Triennal of Small Sculpture” Fellbach, Germany. Curated by Jean-Christophe Ammann.
2005 “Igor & Svetlana Kopystiansky,” Kunsthalle Fridericianum, Kassel, Germany. Curated by René Block.
2005 “Igor & Svetlana Kopystiansky,” Fine Arts Center of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA. Curators Loretta Yarlow/Gregory Salzmann
2005 “From the permanent collection. Kopystiansky, Roth, Orozco, Cahn, Muniz.” AGNSW, Sydney. Curated by Anthony Bond.
2007 “Igor & Svetlana Kopystiansky,” ESPOO Museum of Modern Art (EMMA), Espoo, Finland. Curated by Timo Valjakka (cat.)
2008 “From the permanent collection.” AGNSW, Sydney. Curated by Anthony Bond.
2009 "Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky” Cinema 2, April 22. Musée National d’Art Moderne Center Pompidou, Paris, France. Curated by Philippe-Alain Michaud.
2009 “False Twins” S.M.A.K., Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst, Ghent, Belgium, Curated by Guillaume Désanges.
2009 “From the permanent collection. Roman Opalka, Brice Marden Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky and Rachel Whiteread,” AGNSW, Sydney. Curated by Anthony Bond.
2009 KunstFilmBiennale, “From the collection of the Center Pompidou Paris.” Medienkunstraum der Bundeskunsthalle Bonn, Germany. Curated by Philippe-Alain Michaud.
2010 “Radical Conceptual. Positions in the MMK Collection.” MMK Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Curated by Susanne Gaensheimer.
2010 “Image by Image. Film and Contemporary art from the collection of the Centre Pompidou,” Museum Ostwall, Dortmund, Germany. Curated by Philippe-Alain Michaud and Olivier Michelon.
2010 “Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky, ” Musée d’Art Moderne de Saint-Etienne Métropole. 6th of February – 18th of April, France. (cat.)
2011 “Energy and Process. Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky. Presentation of the collection. TATE Modern London. Curated by Stuart Comer.
2011 “Wunder,” Deichttorhallen Hamburg and Siemens Stiftung. Curated by Hürlimann | Lepp | Tyradellis (cat.)
2011 “From Trash to Treasure,” Kunsthalle zu Kiel, Germany. Curated by Anette Hüsch, (cat.)
2012 “Wunder,” Kunsthalle Krems, Austria. March 4th to July 1st Curated by Hürlimann | Lepp | Tyradellis.
2012 “Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky: Incidents (1996/7),” From the permanent collection. MoMA, New York.
2013 “Incidents,” in works from the collection selected by Rineke Dijkstra for The Krazy House. February 23-May 26. MMK Frankfurt. Catalogue.
2013-2014 “Everyday Epiphanies. Photography and Daily Life Since 1969.” Curator Douglas Eklund. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. June 25, 2013–January 26, 2014.
2014-2015. Collection Display. MMK Frankfurt, Germany.
From Michael Ferner's oldracingcars.info
www.oldracingcars.com/indy/coleman/
Coleman
by Michael Ferner
The Coleman Motors Corp. of Littleton, a suburb of Denver (CO), was a manufacturer of trucks with aspirations in the passenger car market. Being attuned to front-drive and 4wd technology through their core products, it was decided to test the waters with a front-drive racing car at the nearby Pikes Peak hill climb, and the company approached the local team of the Unser brothers for their enterprise – Louis, Joe and Jerry. The former may be legendary today for a 50-year-plus career in racing, and the latter may have “fathered” more Indy 500 wins than any two other men in the world combined, but in 1929 it was Joe Unser who appeared destined for greatness, after finishing second to Glen Schultz in the famous climb three years in a row.
The outlook was good, too, for Schultz had decided to forego the overall win in 1929 and compete in the stock car class instead, leaving his racing car to an unknown, Ed Phillips. Unfortunately, for the Unsers and Coleman, Phillips and the Schultz/Stutz were still good enough to beat the somewhat grotesque looking front-drive machine (www.littletongov.org/history/photos2/coleman-3045.jpg), and Joe Unser was second for the fourth year running, with Louis and Jerry finishing 5th and 6th out of seven starters. Undeterred, Coleman went ahead building a couple of front-drive cars for the 1930 Indy 500, and even succeeded in attracting the experienced Californian Lou Moore to lead the team effort. Actual construction of the cars is likely to have been in the hands of the Unsers, Moore and/or Floyd Sparks.
Sadly, Joe Unser was to die in February in an accident that is often, somewhat euphemistically, described as a testing accident. In truth, he was using his Pikes Peak car as an everyday drive, and simply crashed on his way home after work, incidentally not far from the location of the later Continental Divide Raceway. He was destined never to see the finished Indy Car. His place was taken by the veteran Red Shafer, who finished 7th at the Speedway, and apparently had his interest in the Pikes Peak hill climb triggered by this encounter. Joe’s older brother Louis would drive the Indy Car at the “climb to the clouds” in 1930, only to finish second behind… a returning Glen Schultz!
That was the high point of Coleman’s career in racing, as the efforts of the little firm grew progressively desperate. For 1931, they coupled both engines in a single chassis, which prompted Moore to jump ship and sign with Mike Boyle instead, with substitute driver Pete Kreis qualifying to slow to start the race. To harness the power, the car was equipped with 4wd in 1932, but local Sprint Car star Fred Merzney crashed in practice. The other car appeared one year later in the hands of future racing car builder Harry Lewis, but the world had moved on and no qualifying attempt was made. By then, the passenger car adventure had fizzled out as well, and henceforth the company again concentrated on trucks, tractors and trailers.
Coleman 'FD', chassis '1'
- 1930 #14 Coleman Front Drive, white, Miller M183, Coleman Motors Corp., Lou Moore (ret Indy)
- 1931 #22 Coleman Motors, ?, 2 Miller M183, Coleman Motors Corp., Lou Moore/Pete Kreis (dns Indy)
- 1932 #63 Coleman FWD, black?, 2 Miller M183, Coleman Motors Corp., Fred Merzney (dnq Indy)
Coleman 'FD', chassis '2'
- 1930 #15 Coleman Front Drive, black, Miller M183, Coleman Motors Corp., Red Shafer (7th Indy), Lou Unser (2nd Pikes Peak)
- 1933 #44 Bud’s Auto Parts, black?, Miller, E. M. Cauble, Harry Lewis (dnq Indy)
N.B. individual chassis histories slightly suspect, chassis '1' modified considerably throughout service "life".
These histories last updated by Michael Ferner on 14 Dec 2009.
www.littletongov.org/index.aspx?page=364
Harleigh Holmes and the Coleman Motor Company
Not long ago in Littleton's past, the name Harleigh Holmes was instantly recognizable, and his company, the Coleman Motor Company, stood as the most successful business in the area. The great success of the company was due to the inventive genius of Harleigh Holmes, and the efforts of everyone in the company to produce the very best, most reliable products.
Possibly the first truck made by the Holmes Motor Coompany 1920. Photo looks east from the South Platte River with the Carnegie Library in the background.
Possibly the first truck made by the Holmes Motor Co., c. 1920. Photo looks east from the South Platte River with the Carnegie Library in the background.
Holmes' family had moved to Colorado from Kansas when he was six, in 1886, but soon moved to Ogden, Utah. When Harleigh was in high school, the family moved back to Colorado and he finished his schooling in Denver. He then began working with irrigation equipment in Huerfano County and on the western slope of Colorado. He met and married Katherine Sievers of Carbondale in 1917. They had four children: Dorothy, Harleigh, Lee and Helen Louise. For several years they lived at the corner of Rapp Street and Alamo in Littleton. This had been the location in the pioneer days of an outdoor platform where the local politicians would speak. In 1937 they bought the Richard Little house three doors down the block and restored it, adding extra bedrooms in the attic. The Little-Holmes house had 15 rooms, two baths and a two-car garage.
During the years 1915-1920 Harleigh Holmes, while working in Carbondale, Colorado, had an idea for a new kind of vehicle mechanism-four-wheel drive. Cars and trucks had only been around for about 20 years in 1916. Holmes had the foresight to patent his ideas for a four-wheel drive and a front-wheel drive, and he founded Holmes Motor Company in Littleton to build four-wheel drive trucks.
1917 car shows the first application of the Holmes drive system.
This photo, c. 1917, shows the first application of the Holmes drive system. The driver is "Harl" Holmes, designer, who founded Holmes Motor Co. in 1920.
It did not take long before the reputation of the truck began to grow. In April 1921, a heavy snow caused problems for those living in the foothills near Littleton. One man, trapped about three miles into Deer Creek Canyon, was in dire circumstances due to the cold. No one could get to him. Harleigh Holmes heard of the man's plight and decided to help. He and eight of his employees drove a Holmes truck up Deer Creek Canyon, plowing through several four-foot drifts of snow on a vertical incline. They left the road and broke new ground to reach the trapped man, then turned around and brought him out, without any trouble.
Also in 1921, Holmes obtained a loan from Plains Iron Works of Denver. The name of the motor company was changed to Plains Motor Corporation and operations were moved to Denver. The Holmes truck was re-named the Plains four-wheel drive truck. By the summer of 1921, the company had diversified into offering the Holmes system for Fords, converting the Ford trucks into four-wheel drive vehicles. This was a lucrative step for Holmes. Discussions with N.S. Clark of Vancouver, Canada produced an order for 500 Holmes systems and Mr. Clark purchased the Canadian patent rights to the four-wheel drive system. Demonstrations at the Platte River in September, 1921 showed that the Holmes system fitted to a Ford could navigate through deep sand and water hauling a load, while similar vehicles quickly became mired.
Alfred Coleman
Alfred Coleman, date unknown.
In 1922, wealthy miners Alfred E. Coleman and his brother George bought 51% of the Plains Motor Corporation and Harleigh Holmes moved the plant back to Littleton. The Colemans also bought the creamery building on South Nevada Street in Littleton for the new vehicle operations. Holmes retained a senior position in the new company.
The Coleman brothers from Illinois had struck it rich in the lead-zinc-silver mining district of eastern Oklahoma in the early 1900s. They soon built up a fine cattle ranch, named the C-T, and George financed several businesses in their town of Miami, Oklahoma. George and Alfred remained close, and when Alfred's health began to fail, George arranged the move to Colorado for their families. From 1909 to 1920, Alfred Coleman lived in Rocky Ford, Colorado for his asthma. In 1920, he moved to Denver where he remained.
George Coleman married Jessie Carr in 1911; at age 26, she was half his age. Alfred married Burnettie Brundage in 1912, but she passed away four years later. Alfred remarried in 1917 to Pearl Silverman. Five years later, Pearl contracted appendicitis and died.
About thirty men were employed in the Coleman plant in the 1920s. Harleigh Holmes utilized an innovative form of marketing the trucks, called Holmes Trucks in 1924. He simply demonstrated how well the trucks worked. Often he would stop to pull someone out of the mud or snow. His employees were instructed to do the same, and the reputation of the trucks became known throughout the area. One anecdote reported by the Littleton Independent (March 14, 1924) told of a Pierce Arrow truck fully loaded with groceries that had become mired in the mud. A Holmes truck returning from Denver loaded with 3 tons of material stopped to help. Without unloading, the driver of the Holmes hooked the two trucks together and the Holmes pulled out the Pierce Arrow "with little effort.
The president of the company, Alfred E. Coleman, found that the reputation of the trucks was enough marketing. However, he did continue a standing wager begun by Holmes:
We will give to the owner of any truck $5000 in cash, providing his truck will equal the performance of the Holmes Truck, and to the owner of any rear-driven truck we will give $5000 in cash providing his truck, with no load, will equal the performance of the Holmes Truck with a load of three tons.
The Littleton Independent wrote several articles about the contests, even including photographs at times. On one occasion, a Holmes truck out-pulled a bulldozer. No truck ever won the bet.
Holmes began touring mining and lumber camps to demonstrate the trucks produced by the Coleman plant, and of course, accepting orders to build new ones. The Littleton Independent (July 18, 1924) noted, "Motor men are frankly stating now, that it will not be long until the Coleman Motor Works will be one of the greatest motor producing plants in the United States.
In March 1925, Calvin Coolidge was re-elected as President of the United States. Traditionally, important and influential people were asked to attend the inauguration in Washington D.C., and on this occasion, Harleigh Holmes and his wife received invitations. They rode by train across the country, and while they were in Washington, Harleigh spoke at the capitol about the possibility of the Coleman trucks being used by the federal government.
Littleton Fire Department's 1925 pumper, one of the first vehicles Coleman Company sold for money
Littleton Fire Department's 1925 pumper, probably one of the first vehicles Coleman Company sold for money. The truck was altered from its original design; the nose was welded in from an old chasis. It was later given to the Street Department which installed a cab and a shovel or crane.
In July of 1925, Coleman completed an order for a fire truck for the Littleton Fire Department. The water from the pump on the fire truck sprayed water eighty feet high, twice as effective as the old fire truck. The Coleman fire truck could attain a speed of 40 mph and could maneuver through two feet of snow or 18 inches of mud. Perhaps most impressive of all, it was able to climb a 50% grade with full equipment and men. The new fire truck was placed on display at the State Fireman's convention in Denver. Public donations helped to finance the truck for the town of Littleton.
The U.S. Army purchased a Coleman truck in April, 1927 for use hauling an anti-aircraft gun for tests. The Littleton Independent boasted that the Washington Post printed an impressive article about the Coleman truck purchase.
George Coleman experienced a difficult time in 1928, when he was blackmailed. While at his Oklahoma estate, he received a letter from someone threatening to blow up Coleman's house unless $4,500 was placed in a certain spot. An irate George refused to pay. A few days later the blackmailer wrote George again, saying he would take George's son if he did not pay. George still refused. A third letter stated he would shoot Coleman if the money was not delivered. George Coleman had run out of patience. He and the police arranged a trap for the blackmailer. A parcel was placed where the blackmailer dictated and the sheriff waited. Finally, two boys approached the area. When they saw the sheriff, they ran but were apprehended later. The older boy received four years in prison and the younger boy was released due to his youth.
Alfred E. Coleman lived in Denver and served as president of the Coleman Motor Company. He was involved in the daily operations of the plant, making the drive from his Denver home to Littleton every day and he was interested in the town of Littleton. In 1928, he became very sick with heart trouble. He died on June 9, 1930. Alfred had no children and left his fortune to his nephew, George Lewis Coleman.
Harleigh Holmes continued to develop new products for the Coleman company. In 1926, a new four-wheel drive truck was added to the inventory. It was half the size of the 5-ton model but otherwise was very similar, even to the famous Holmes hubs on the wheels. Holmes stated he thought the little truck would out-perform the "big job (5-ton truck). On a test at Ruby Hill in Denver, the small truck took a load of 2-1/2 tons up the face of the hill with ease.
In March, 1928, an amazing demonstration took place on Main Street, Littleton — a tug-of-war between a 5-ton Coleman truck and a 10-ton Caterpillar tractor. The Coleman was laden with 12,000 lbs of concrete blocks, while the tractor weighed 20,000 lbs. Even with the weight handicap, and giving the tractor a 15 ft. head start, the Coleman truck won the event. Many influential members of the community cheered on the hometown vehicle. Apart from the outstanding performances achieved in the Coleman trucks, they required little maintenance and rarely broke down.
Colorado's mountain passes suffered from frequent blockages due to snowfalls. An engineer from the state highway department had developed a rotary snowplow, the first of its kind, to clear the snow, but the highway department could not find a truck that could push the plow through the snow on winding roads, until they tried the Coleman truck. A rotary plow with an auxiliary motor was fitted on a 5-ton Coleman in April, 1928 and then driven to Berthoud Pass. The truck and plow cleared a channel through four feet of snow, making 1/2 mile per hour. The Coleman returned a few days later to finish clearing the pass. Another five ton Coleman equipped with a rotary plow opened Berthoud Pass for the summer, 1929.
By 1929, other uses had been found for Coleman trucks. A five-ton Coleman fitted with a Sargent snowplow could easily remove snow from Littleton's streets. In a demonstration, this same Coleman and plow backfilled a long trench dug by Public Service Company twice as fast as a traditional tractor.
Joe Unser stands next to the car he drove in the Pike's Peak Race 1929
Joe Unser stands next to the car he drove in the Pike's Peak Race, c. 1929.
In the late 1920s, George Coleman became interested in racecars and developed a front wheel drive racecar at the Littleton plant. In 1929, the Pikes Peak Hill Climb featured the first three of these cars. They were driven by the three Unser brothers from New Mexico and Colorado Springs: Louis, Jerry and Joe. The next year, two Coleman racecars were entered in the Indianapolis 500. This popular race originated in France in 1894, and was first held at Indianapolis in 1911. Joe Unser and Lou Moore were selected to drive the Coleman cars. While out for a practice drive on US 85 south of Littleton, on February 20, 1930, Joe Unser apparently lost control of his car while passing a slower vehicle and skidded down an embankment. Unser was taken to the hospital and died a few hours later.
Lou Moore of Los Angeles worked with Coleman's engineers to perfect the racecars' design. Phil Shafer drove a Coleman racecar to a seventh place finish at Indianapolis in 1930. Another racecar was entered in the 1931 Indy, but after qualifying at 108 mph, had to be withdrawn because of clutch troubles. That car was equipped with not one but two motors, which provided nearly unmanageable power. For the 1932 Indy, Holmes designed a four-wheel drive car, still with two engines. A Denver man named Merzney was picked to drive it, but the car was wrecked before the race started.
The Coleman Motor Company also began making passenger cars in about 1929. The first of these was affectionately called the "Blue Goose and used front wheel drive. A Model A Ford engine was used, with a transmission set ahead of the axle. The Blue Goose sold for about $1000. An advantage of these cars, said Holmes, was that they could be built lower to the ground than rear wheel drive vehicles without sacrificing headroom or vehicle clearance. The passenger cars had four-wheel brakes. This was one of the first cars with the body as wide as the outside of the tires. The front of the cars had rounded projecting noses and the wheelbase was 108 inches.
The second experimental car called the Maroon Car was built in 1932. It was unique in that the V-8 engine was mounted in the back, but it still had front-wheel drive. Holmes could accomplish amazing things. At the end of 1932, the White Car was built. This was the first of the "arched-axle series in which the front axle was not straight but arched over the engine as in an inverted U." In this case, the engine could be set lower to the ground, thus lowering the center of gravity of the vehicle. The Brown Car had the arched front-wheel drive axle, but had more conventional lines than the White Car. Holmes last car model was called the Custom. It had a slightly smaller body with a larger Ford V-8 engine. The detailing was more intricate, and it was Holmes' favorite. The only problem was keeping the wheels aligned because of the arched axle. Holmes always knew the cars were not meant to make money, but from these models, he patented axles, frames and other engineering features with an eye toward selling them.
Red Shafer shown driving the Coleman race car that placed 7th in the Indianapolis 500 in 1930
Red Shafer shown driving the Coleman race car that placed 7th in the Indianapolis 500 in 1930.
Coleman Motors worked in partnership with Ford Motor Company to develop a standard Ford truck that had a Coleman front wheel drive and an auxiliary transmission. The U. S. War Department had requested new types of specialized trucks, and in September 1929, just one month before the stock market crash, the first specialized Coleman truck was tested on Ruby Hill in Denver. With an army representative looking on, the truck successfully climbed a steep hill carrying a 3500 lb. load from a standing start. This truck also drove through sand that was "hub deep without effort. The truck was sent to an army camp outside of Baltimore, and others were delivered to the army.
The Coleman Motor Company received an army contract to assemble 720 ten-ton trailers in March, 1944. The trailers were for heavy duty use, able to transport light tanks. They were painted olive, and stood 53 inches high from the ground to the floor and 4 feet from the floor to the top of the sideboards. Many soldiers returning from World War II stopped in at the Coleman plant and related their amazing experiences in the four-wheel drive trucks.
George Coleman passed away on July 7, 1945 and his stock was sold to George Meffley, a Littleton resident living on Bowles Avenue. Operations continued, possibly due to the continuity provided by Harleigh Holmes. Wartime contracts in the 1940s gave them the chance to expand the plant and build new specialized vehicles. One design called for a special truck on which a crane was mounted, to be used by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Several hundred of these were built. The company also marketed kits for converting two-wheel drive trucks into four-wheel drive and even six-wheel drive. The "Coleman Conversion Kit" became quite successful.
In 1948, Coleman Motor Company merged with American Road Equipment Company and a head office in Omaha, Nebraska was established. The name was changed to American- Coleman. Meffley's stock was acquired by the new firm, but Harleigh Holmes still owned a large share of the company. The new board of directors was Howard Agee, William Ramsey and E.L. Martin, all from Omaha, and a Denver attorney, Phillip Van Cise. The Littleton plant continued to build vehicles under the name of Coleman Motors.
This reorganization led to another new product, the aircraft towing tractor. Tests conducted in 1949 at Carswell Air Force Base proved extremely successful and American-Coleman received a contract for 49 tractors. In 1950, another contract for 73 tractors was received, and in 1951, a contract for 495 tractors was awarded. By 1952, American-Coleman employed 460 people and was a household name in Littleton.
On July 26, 1963, Harleigh Holmes passed away. He had been on a ranch tour earlier in the day. He died in his sleep.
More stock buyouts continued over the years, as the Holmes family sold to E.L. Martin and his partner, B.I. Noble. Then, Noble sold his shares to Martin; by 1965, E.L. Martin and his wife held 99% of the stock. Three years later, the Kansas City Southern Industries, Inc. purchased the assets of American-Coleman.
The Littleton plant continued to produce aircraft tractors and axles. In 1981, American-Coleman branched out again, producing the SENTRY Power Dispatch. This was a fuel saving device for diesel electric locomotives.
In 1981, the Holmes family house on Rapp Street was owned by the four children of Harleigh and Kate. The family decided to sell it to a buyer who wanted to use it as office space. The house today stands as one of Littleton's designated landmarks.
A few years later in 1987, the American-Coleman facility in Littleton closed down. Employment had dropped to about 21. Vice President and General Manager Joseph E. McElroy handled the shutdown. The plant building, owned by a local developer, was in foreclosure and was eventually sold. The equipment was moved to Kansas City, the parent company home. A proud history of innovative truck design had come to an end.
Bibliography
Littleton Historical Museum. Vertical File.
Littleton (Colo.) Independent. The Littleton Independent Publishers, 1888-.
Author unknown. "Harleigh Holmes' Homely Honeys, Special Interest Autos, May-June, 1978: p. 32-35.
Author unknown. "Coleman, Colorado's Other Mountain Truck, This Old Truck, date unknown: p. 24-27.
Photographs courtesy of the Littleton Museum unless otherwise noted. To order copies, contact the museum at 303-795-3950.
Compiled by Rebecca Dorward
Edited by Phyllis Larison and Lorena Donohue
Updated January 2004
Monument to Mary Kemp, Lady Digges and her sons erected by her husband Sir Dudley Digges (1585-1639). With 4 figures round a 11 ft central column of Justice, Prudence, Temperance and Fortitude. Monument by Nicholas Stone
Mary was co-heiress with 3 surviving sisters of Sir Thomas Kempe 1607 of Olantigh,Wye. Kent & 2nd wife Dorothy daughter of John Thompson Sheriff of Bedfordshire & Buckinghamshire, & Dorothy Gilbert
Mary;s co-heiress sisters were Anne Skipwith, Anne Cutt 1613 is at Swavesby www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/nHZTi8 & Dorothy wife of Sir Thomas Chicheley at Wimpole www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/e6895p )
She m Sir Dudley Digges 1639 of Chilham Castle son of Leonard Digges and Bridget daughter of Thomas Wilsford / Wilford and Elizabeth daughter of Walter Culpepper
Children
1. Thomas 1603-1687 m Mary daughter of Sir Maurice Abbott, Lord Mayor of London and Margaret Barnes
2. Dudley c 1612–1643 published a treatise on the Illegality of Subjects taking up Arms against their Sovereigns
3. Francis
4. Edward 1621-1675 m Mary Elizabeth Page (Edward was one of the "planters," who emigrated in the 1640s and became Governor of Virginia.
5. Leonard b1622
6. Herbert b/d 1628
7. Richard d1631
1. Anne b1616
2. Elizabeth b1617
3. Mary
Sir Dudley, a courtier at the court of Elizabeth I remarked of her "For her own mind, what that really was I must leave, as a thing doubly inscrutable, both as she was a woman and a queen" (Elizabeth the Queen - Alison Weir)
In One of ye Two Chapels belonging to ye DIGGES’s, on ye South Side of ye Chancel, (under wch. is a large Vault for ye Burial of ye Family of Sir Dudley Digges, ye Builder thereof), is a large Pedestal of Marble, on which stands a round Pillar, about 12 Feet high; on ye Top of wch. is an Urn; and, near ye Top, 4 Coats & Quarterings of ye Arms of Digges & KEMPE*; On ye 4 Corners of ye Pedestal are ye Statues, (with their Attributes), of ye 4 Cardinal Virtues; and, on ye 4 Sides, ye 4 following Inscriptions. *The Arms of KEMP are these. [Gu. a fesse betw. 3 garbs & a border engrld. or].
On the West Side.
"Sr. Dudley DIGGS Knight. Whose Death ye wisest of Men do reckon amongst ye Publick Calamities of these Times; on ye 10th Day of March, ye Year from ye Virgin Mother 1638/9, he resign’d his Spirit into ye Hand of his Maker; his Body to ye Peacefull Shades below; in humble Confidence he shall awake, rise up, and be cloathed with Immortality, in ye Dawn of that glorious Day wch. shall know no Night. Thou mays’t behold ye Grave of his Person, not of his Memory. What was earthly is sunk down into ye Land where all Things are forgotten: but ye Remembrance of his great Example will live through Age, ye Disease of Stones as well as Men; The Witness of his Death, This Tomb itself, shall die. The Story of his Life May be ye Rule of Ours. His Understanding few can equal; his Virtues fewer will. He was, a Pious Son; a Carefull Father; a Loving Husband; a Fatherly Brother; a Courteous Neighbour; a Mercyfull Landlord; a Liberal Master; a Noble Friend. When, after much Experience gain’d by Travel, and an exact Survey of ye Laws and People of foreigne Kingdoms, he had enabled himself for ye serving of his Country, observing too Many justle for Place, and cross ye Publick Interest if not joyn’d with their private Gain, hindring ye Motion of ye Great Body of ye Common Wealth, unless ye inferior Orbe of their Estates were advanced thereby; He was satisfied with ye Conscience of Merit; knowing, Good Men only can deserve Honours, ‘tho ye worst may attain them; his Noble Soul could not stoop to Ambition, nor be a beholding that, (‘tho ye most generous Vice) for an Occasion to exercise his Virtues. Out of such Apprehensions his moderate Desires confined his Thoughts to ye Innocency of a retired Life: When the most knowing of Princes, KING JAMES, who ever made Choice of the most knowing Ministers, judging none more equal to Employments, than those who wd. not unworthily court them, sent him Embassador to the EMPEROR of RUSSIA after his Return, and some Years conscionably spent in ye Service to the State, being unbiass’d by Popular Applause, or Court Hopes, he was made Master of ye Rolls. This did crown his former Actions; and, ‘tho it cd. not increase his Integrity, it made it more conspicuous: and, whom his Acquaintance, before, now, ye Kingdom honourd. If ye Example of his Justice had Powerfull Influence on all Magistrates, ye People who are governd wd. be happy upon Earth; and, ye Rulers, in Heaven, with him, who counted it an unworthy Thing to be tempted to Vice, by ye Reward of Virtue".
On ye East Side.
"Mary Kempe, Lady DIGGES, Daughter and Coheir of Sr. Thomas KEMPE of Olantigh, Knight, by Sr. Thomas MOYLE’s Daughter & Coheir Son of Sr. Thomas Kempe Knight by an Heir of BROWN & ARUNDEL, Son of Sr. William Kempe Knight, who by Emlen, Daughter and Coheire of Sr. Valentine CHICH, and Philippa Daughter and Heir of Sr. Robert CHICHLEY, Mayor of London, & Brother to HENRY, ye Arch Bishop, was Son to Sr. Thomas Kempe, Knight, Nephew to Thomas Kempe, Bishop of London, ye Nephew of John Kempe, Arch Bishop of York, then of Canterbury, Cardinal, L. Chancelor, etc. lies here buried together with Francis her 4th and Richard her 8th Son."
On ye North Side.
"Read in Genesis, how Rachell falling in Travail of her youngest Son, after a hard Labour departed, and Jacob set a Pillar over her Grave. In humble Imitation, for sacred Memory of a most virtuous Lady, that so died, alas, late, like Rachell Lovely, Loving, and beloved. Like Leah, fruitfull Mother of 8 Sons and 3 Daughters. Without Blemish, without Blame, through her (like Rebecca’s) tender and religious Care. Whose daily pious Practice, after her own Private Prayer, was to hear and teach her Children; then, give Order in her House; and, then, become for Charity, the Poor’s Physitian, Surgeon, Servant. Like Sara, to her Husband, most obsequious. Such a House wife, Such a constant Housekeeper, as for Example for ye best of Wives, In this Chappel, consecrated to her Virtues, was this Monument set up".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_Digges
- Chilham church Kent
Dutch postcard by Boomerang Freecards, Amsterdam, no. P23-04. Hugh Grant in Bridget Jones - The Edge of Reason (Beebon Kidron, 2004). Caption: Will you join us for the film?
With his bumbling English charm, Hugh Grant (1960) achieved international stardom in the romantic comedy Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). The handsome Brit with his floppy hair and posh accent delivered more endearing comic performances in hits like Notting Hill (1999), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) and About a Boy (2002). Privately, Grant also proved to have enough sense of humour to survive a media frenzy.
Hugh John Mungo Grant was born in Hammersmith, London, in 1960. He was the second son of Fynvola Susan MacLean, a schoolteacher, and James Murray Grant, a carpet sales representative. His elder brother, James Grant, is a successful banker. From 1969 to 1978, Hugh attended the independent Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith on a scholarship and played 1st XV rugby, cricket and football for the school. In 1979, he won the Galsworthy scholarship to New College, Oxford where he starred in his first film, Privileged (Michael Hoffman, 1982), produced by the Oxford University Film Foundation. Viewing acting as nothing more than a creative outlet, he joined the Oxford University Dramatic Society and starred in a successful touring production of Twelfth Night. To obtain his Equity card, he joined the Nottingham Playhouse, a regional theatre. Bored with small acting parts, he created his own comedy revue called The Jockeys of Norfolk with friends Chris Lang and Andy Taylor. The group toured London's pub comedy circuit and proved a hit at the Edinburgh Festival. Their sketch on the Nativity told as an Ealing comedy, gained them a spot on the BBC2 TV show Edinburgh Nights. During this time, Grant also appeared in theatre productions of plays such as An Inspector Calls, Lady Windermere's Fan, and Coriolanus. His first leading film role came as a sexually conflicted Edwardian in Maurice (James Ivory, 1987), adapted from E. M. Forster's novel. He and co-star James Wilby shared the Volpi Cup for best actor at the Venice Film Festival for their portrayals of lovers Clive Durham and Maurice Hall. Despite such acclaim, Grant's next films were largely forgettable affairs except for The Lair of the White Worm (Ken Russell, 1988). Grant attained some cult status as a lord attempting to foil the murderous charms of a campy, trampy vampire (Amanda Donahoe). He had supporting parts in the BAFTA Award-nominated White Mischief (Michael Radford, 1987) and Dawning (Robert Knights, 1988), opposite Anthony Hopkins. His classic good looks made him a natural for romantic leads. He played Lord Byron in the Spanish production Remando al viento/Rowing with the Wind (Gonzalo Suárez, 1988). During the shooting of this Goya Award-winning film, Grant met model and actress Elizabeth Hurley, who was cast in a supporting role as Byron's former lover Claire Clairmont. Their subsequent relationship created much media attention. He portrayed another real-life figure, Frédéric Chopin, in Impromptu (James Lapine, 1991) opposite Judy Davis as George Sand. He also played Julie Andrews' gay son in the ABC made-for-television film Our Sons (John Erman, 1991). In Roman Polanski's Bitter Moon (1992), he portrayed a fastidious and proper British tourist married to Kristin Scott Thomas, who finds himself enticed by the sexual hedonism of a seductive French woman (Emmanuelle Seigner) and her embittered, paraplegic American husband (Peter Coyote). His work in the award-winning Merchant-Ivory drama The Remains of the Day (James Ivory, 1993) went largely unnoticed.
At 32, Hugh Grant became an overnight international star when he played bohemian and debonair bachelor Charles in Four Weddings and a Funeral (Mike Newell 1994), opposite Andie MacDowell. The romantic comedy, written by Richard Curtis, became the highest-grossing British film to date with a worldwide box office above $244 million. Among the numerous awards for the film, Grant earned his first and only Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award. Het signed a two-year production deal with Castle Rock Entertainment and became the founder and director of the UK-based Simian Films Limited. He appointed Elizabeth Hurley as the head of development to look for prospective projects. Simian Films produced two Grant vehicles in the 1990s but closed its US office in 2002. Grant was one of the choices to play James Bond in GoldenEye (1995) but eventually lost out to Pierce Brosnan. He did play Emma Thompson's suitor in the Academy Award-winning film version of Jane Austen's classic 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility (Ang Lee, 1995) and was a cartographer in 1917 Wales in The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain (Christopher Monger, 1995). He also performed in the Academy Award-winning Restoration (Michael Hoffman, 1995) with Robert Downey Jr.. On 27 June 1995, Grant was arrested in Los Angeles, California, for lewd conduct after police checking into a ‘suspicious parked car’ found him with Divine Brown, a prostitute, in the front seat. He pleaded no contest and was fined $1,180, and placed on two years' summary probation. The arrest occurred about two weeks before the release of Grant's first major studio film, Nine Months, which he was scheduled to promote on several American television shows. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno had him booked for the same week. In the much-watched interview, Grant was noted for not making excuses for the incident after Leno asked him, "What the hell were you thinking?" Grant answered, "I think you know in life what's a good thing to do and what's a bad thing, and I did a bad thing. And there you have it." The comedy Nine Months (Chris Columbus, 1995) was almost universally panned by critics, but it proved a hit at the box office. Grant made his debut as a film producer with the thriller Extreme Measures (Michael Apted, 1996), a commercial and critical failure. After a three-year hiatus, he paired with Julia Roberts in Notting Hill (Roger Michell, 1999), made by much of the same team that was responsible for Four Weddings and a Funeral. This new Working Title production displaced Four Weddings and a Funeral as the biggest British hit in the history of cinema, with earnings equalling $363 million worldwide. The comedy helped to restore some of Grant’s lustre. He also released his second production output, a fish-out-of-water mob comedy Mickey Blue Eyes (Kelly Makin, 1999), that year. More successful was Small Time Crooks (Woody Allen, 2000) in which Grant played an unsympathetic art dealer. After 13 years together, Grant and Elizabeth Hurley split up in May 2000, but two years later Grant became godfather to Hurley's son Damian (2002).
Hugh Grant played a charming but womanising book publisher in Bridget Jones's Diary (Sharon Maguire, 2001). The film, featuring Renée Zellweger and adapted from Helen Fielding's novel, was an international hit, earning $281 million worldwide. Grant played another womaniser, Will Freeman, in About a Boy (Paul Weitz, 2002), the film adaptation of Nick Hornby's best-seller At AllMovie, Michael Hastings notes: “Hugh Grant is one of the few actors since Cary Grant who can remain likeable even as he's committing near-despicable acts of dishonesty.” The film earned Grant his third Golden Globe nomination, while the London Film Critics Circle named Grant its Best British Actor. About a Boy also marked a notable change in Grant's boyish look. Now 41, he had lost weight and also abandoned his trademark floppy hair. Grant was also paired with Sandra Bullock in Warner Bros.'s Two Weeks Notice (Marc Lawrence, 2002), which made $199 million internationally but was panned by critics. It was followed by the ensemble comedy, Love Actually (Richard Curtis, 2003), headlined by Grant as the British Prime Minister. A Christmas release by Working Title Films, the film was promoted as ‘the ultimate romantic comedy’ and accumulated $246 million at the international box office. In 2004, Grant reprised his role as Daniel Cleaver for a small part in Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (Beebon Kidron, 2004), which, like its predecessor, made more than $262 million commercially. Gone from the screen for two years, Grant then reteamed with Paul Weitz for the black comedy American Dreamz (2006), in which he portrayed the acerbic host of an American Idol-like reality show. American Dreamz failed financially but Grant’s self-loathing performance was generously praised. In 2007, Grant starred opposite Drew Barrymore in Music and Lyrics (Marc Lawrence, 2007), a parody of pop culture and the music industry. Grant learned to sing, play the piano, dance (a few mannered steps) and studied the mannerisms of prominent musicians to prepare for his role as a has-been pop singer, based loosely on Andrew Ridgeley. He starred opposite Sarah Jessica Parker in the romantic comedy Did You Hear About the Morgans? (Marc Lawrence, 2009), which was a commercial as well as a critical failure.
In April 2011 Hugh Grant published an article in the New Statesman ‘The Bugger, Bugged’ about a conversation with Paul McMullan, former journalist and paparazzo for News of the World. In unguarded comments which were secretly taped by Grant, McMullan alleged that editors at the Daily Mail and News of the World had ordered journalists to engage in illegal phone tapping and had done so with the full knowledge of senior British politicians. Wikipedia describes how “Grant's article attracted considerable interest, due to both the revelatory content of the taped conversation, and the novelty of Grant himself ‘turning the tables’ on a tabloid journalist”. The later revelation that the voicemail of the by then murdered Millie Dowler had been hacked, and evidence for her murder enquiry had been deleted, turned the coverage from media interest to widespread public and eventually political outrage. “Grant became something of a spokesman against Murdoch's News Corporation, culminating in a bravura performance on BBC television's Question Time in July 2011”. Grant played several six evil characters in the epic drama film Cloud Atlas (Tom Tykwer, Andy Wachowski, Lana Wachowski, 2012). In November 2011, it was announced that Grant had become a father to a baby girl, Tabitha, earlier that autumn. The identity of the mother, with whom Grant had a "fleeting affair" according to his publicist, was not at first announced; however, it was later revealed to be a Chinese woman, Tinglan Hong. In an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in April 2012, Grant revealed that his daughter's Chinese name is Xiao Xi, meaning ‘happy surprise’. Grant and Hong reportedly briefly reunited in 2012. In February 2013, Hugh Grant announced that they had recently welcomed a son named Felix Chang. In the cinema, Hugh Grant can be seen soon in another romantic comedy, The Rewrite (Marc Lawrence, 2014) with Marisa Tomei, and in the action comedy The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (Guy Ritchie, 2015), based on the legendary TV series. In 2018, Grant returned to television screens after 25 years, as Jeremy Thorpe in the BBC One miniseries A Very English Scandal, which marked his second collaboration with director Stephen Frears. In 2019, Grant played another against-type role, in Guy Ritchie's The Gentlemen, his second collaboration with the director following The Man From U.N.C.L.E. In 2020, Grant starred in the HBO miniseries The Undoing, opposite Nicole Kidman and Donald Sutherland. Grant's performance was widely acclaimed. In 2023, Grant reunited with Guy Ritchie for the action Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre alongside Jason Statham and Aubrey Plaza. The film was a box office flop with mixed reviews. Grant also appeared as an Oompa-Loompa in Wonka (Paul King, 2023) starring Timothée Chalamet. The film serves as a prequel to the Roald Dahl novel 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory', exploring Willy Wonka's origins. In 2024, Grant had a guest appearance in the HBO series The Regime (Stephen Frears, 2024) starring Kate Winslet. Grant also starred in the Horror film Heretic (Scott Beck, Bryan Woods, 2024) and will return to the romantic comedy genre, reprising his role as Daniel Cleaver in Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy (Michael Morris, 2025).
Sources: Rebecca Flint Marx (AllMovie), Steve Shelokhonov (IMDb), Michael Hastings (AllMovie), FilmReference.com, Wikipedia, and IMDb.
And please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
People in Our Neighborhood
West Hollywood, CA (June 15, 2013)
Note: Sandy Dvore is an American artist and graphic designer who first became well known for designing the cover art for Buffalo Springfield's Eponymous album. Fatefully, his art was discovered by talent agent Freddie Fields, leading to work with Hollywood stars like Sean Connery, Steve McQueen, Warren Beatty, Judy Garland, Faye Dunaway, and Sammy Davis, Jr. He designed album covers for recording artists; created corporate logos for Lorimar, International Creative Management, and United Artists, among others; and crafted promotional ads for famed L.A. nightspots like the Cocoanut Grove and the Moulin Rouge. Dvore has been credited with creating a new art form, the poster-trade campaign: full-page ads crafted especially for the back page of the industry trades, like Daily Variety and the Hollywood Reporter, often touting individual stars rather than studios or films. He is best known for his work in designing television's more iconic title sequences, such as the walking partridges in The Partridge Family, and the brush-stroke logo and paintings from the long-running soap opera The Young and the Restless. His Emmy for Outstanding Graphic and Title Design was awarded in 1987 for his work on the comedy special Carol, Carl, Whoopi and Robin, starring Carol Burnett, Carl Reiner, Whoopi Goldberg, and Robin Williams.
You can see Sandy Dvore's portfolio here: sandydvore.prosite.com
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Co. D, 12th KS. Infantry
Fredonia Daily Herald, Monday, March 30, 1908, Pg. 1
Vol. V, No. 76
FRIGHTFUL ACCIDENT.
Yesterday afternoon, Sunday, March 28, 1908, about 2 o’clock, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Williamson, who had been visiting in this vicinity since Friday, were returning to their home near Altoona, accompanied by their granddaughter, Mrs. Roy J. Clark and her two children, when about one and one-half miles east of Fredonia the horse they were driving to a two-seated carriage became frightened, jumped and turned the carriage over, throwing the occupants out. Mrs. Williamson and Mrs. Clark sustained only slight injuries, but not so Mr. Williamson. When a short distance from Fredonia, his hands becoming cold, he had tied the lines around his body and when the horse became loose from the carriage the bridle bit broke into, letting the lines slip back until the bridle rings caught in the rings of the harness. Mr. Williamson had no chance to hold the horse and was dragged face down over the rough, rocky ground for about one-half mile, his clothing all torn and his face, hands and knees being terribly lacerated. His wife and a Mr. Jones were the first to arrive at his side, but found him unconscious and he only lived for a brief moment. The news was immediately telephoned to town and R. T. Minton, and wife, Dr. Duncan and Mrs. Lizzie Skaggs drove to the scene as soon as possible, but found he had “passed beyond.” The body was brought to the home of his daughter, Mrs. Lizzie Skaggs.
Funeral notice late.
Fredonia Daily Herald, Tuesday, March 31, 1908, Pg. 1
Vol. V, No. 77
OBITUARY
W. H. Williamson, a native of Virginia, lived at the old home of his nativity until 18 years of age when he went to Indiana to visit an uncle. After he had been in that State a year and a half, he was persuaded by his relative to drive a team for him into the unexplored Kansas. The result of this trip was his settlement, as above referred to.
In 1865 he sold his Franklin county interests and purchased a claim in Wilson county upon which he lived until about eight years ago he moved to Logan county where he resided for two years, returning to his farm near Altoona where he has since lived. He was as well known as intercourse with men in affairs of life as will make one, and his achievements were confined to the building of an untarnished reputation in the improvements of a valuable home. There were no “ups and downs” in Kansas of which he had not tasted of and the joys and sorrows in life there have been many.
The progress of the Civil war was not conducted without the modest aid of Mr. Williamson. He enlisted in August 1862 in company B, 12th Kansas Infantry, and served 3 years. His regiment was in the western department of the Union army and was engaged chiefly in guard and patrol duty. The few small skirmishes in which he took a part were confined to Kansas territory. The frontier at this time was full of bush-whackers, rebels, and guerrillas, and it was a frequent occurrence to have to push them back from civilization, thus bringing on a skirmish, or a “little push.” Mr. Williamson was detailed to hospital duty after a period o field service and he served as a nurse until his promotion as a ward master of the institution. He was doing duty in the latter capacity when he was discharged in 1865. Returning home to his family Mr. Williamson soon sold his farm, sought once more the atmosphere of the frontier, Wilson county. In 1872 he lost his first wife, whom he had married in 1858. She was Rebecca Fellows, a native of Ohio. By her death four children were orphaned, namely—Ella L., wife of James E, Clark, Emma, (deceased), wife of George Clemmens, Roa, wife of E. H. Russell and Lizzie, wife of A. P. Skaggs, (deceased). In 1878 Mr. Williamson married the second time, his wife being Miss Anna Morrow, who died in 1882, leaving three children, namely:--Minnie, wife of Ed. Dixon, Gertie, wife of R. T. Minton and Miss Myrtle, of Fredonia. January the 5th, 1900, Mr. Williamson again married, his wife being Mrs. Nancy J. King. She was a resident of the State of Illinois, being born in Sangamon county.
This is a great blow to the community in general for “Grandpa” Williamson, as he was familiarly called, was loved by all who knew him. He was a kind and considerate husband, an affectionate and indulgent father and an honorable and upright neighbor.
The funeral was conducted at the home of Mrs. A. P. Skaggs this afternoon at 3:45 by the Rev. H. A. Brundidge of Altoona assisted by Rev. J. R. McFadden of this city. The G. A. R. post of this city of which he was a member had charge of the funeral and interment was made in the Fredonia cemetery.
British postcard by Heroes Publishing LTD, London, no. SPC 2773.
With his bumbling English charm, Hugh Grant (1960) achieved international stardom in the romantic comedy Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). The handsome Brit with his floppy hair and posh accent delivered more endearing comic performances in hits like Notting Hill (1999), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) and About a Boy (2002). Privately, Grant also proved to have enough sense of humour to survive a media frenzy.
Hugh John Mungo Grant was born in Hammersmith, London, in 1960. He was the second son of Fynvola Susan MacLean, a schoolteacher, and James Murray Grant, a carpet sales representative. His elder brother, James Grant, is a successful banker. From 1969 to 1978, Hugh attended the independent Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith on a scholarship and played 1st XV rugby, cricket and football for the school. In 1979, he won the Galsworthy scholarship to New College, Oxford where he starred in his first film, Privileged (Michael Hoffman, 1982), produced by the Oxford University Film Foundation. Viewing acting as nothing more than a creative outlet, he joined the Oxford University Dramatic Society and starred in a successful touring production of Twelfth Night. To obtain his Equity card, he joined the Nottingham Playhouse, a regional theatre. Bored with small acting parts, he created his own comedy revue called The Jockeys of Norfolk with friends Chris Lang and Andy Taylor. The group toured London's pub comedy circuit and proved a hit at the Edinburgh Festival. Their sketch on the Nativity told as an Ealing comedy, gained them a spot on the BBC2 TV show Edinburgh Nights. During this time, Grant also appeared in theatre productions of plays such as An Inspector Calls, Lady Windermere's Fan, and Coriolanus. His first leading film role came as a sexually conflicted Edwardian in Maurice (James Ivory, 1987), adapted from E. M. Forster's novel. He and co-star James Wilby shared the Volpi Cup for best actor at the Venice Film Festival for their portrayals of lovers Clive Durham and Maurice Hall. Despite such acclaim, Grant's next films were largely forgettable affairs except for The Lair of the White Worm (Ken Russell, 1988). Grant attained some cult status as a lord attempting to foil the murderous charms of a campy, trampy vampire (Amanda Donahoe). He had supporting parts in the BAFTA Award-nominated White Mischief (Michael Radford, 1987) and Dawning (Robert Knights, 1988), opposite Anthony Hopkins. His classic good looks made him a natural for romantic leads. He played Lord Byron in the Spanish production Remando al viento/Rowing with the Wind (Gonzalo Suárez, 1988). During the shooting of this Goya Award-winning film, Grant met model and actress Elizabeth Hurley, who was cast in a supporting role as Byron's former lover Claire Clairmont. Their subsequent relationship created much media attention. He portrayed another real-life figure, Frédéric Chopin, in Impromptu (James Lapine, 1991) opposite Judy Davis as George Sand. He also played Julie Andrews' gay son in the ABC made-for-television film Our Sons (John Erman, 1991). In Roman Polanski's Bitter Moon (1992), he portrayed a fastidious and proper British tourist married to Kristin Scott Thomas, who finds himself enticed by the sexual hedonism of a seductive French woman (Emmanuelle Seigner) and her embittered, paraplegic American husband (Peter Coyote). His work in the award-winning Merchant-Ivory drama The Remains of the Day (James Ivory, 1993) went largely unnoticed.
At 32, Hugh Grant became an overnight international star when he played bohemian and debonair bachelor Charles in Four Weddings and a Funeral (Mike Newell 1994), opposite Andie MacDowell. The romantic comedy, written by Richard Curtis, became the highest-grossing British film to date with a worldwide box office above $244 million. Among the numerous awards for the film, Grant earned his first and only Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award. Het signed a two-year production deal with Castle Rock Entertainment and became the founder and director of the UK-based Simian Films Limited. He appointed Elizabeth Hurley as the head of development to look for prospective projects. Simian Films produced two Grant vehicles in the 1990s but closed its US office in 2002. Grant was one of the choices to play James Bond in GoldenEye (1995) but eventually lost out to Pierce Brosnan. He did play Emma Thompson's suitor in the Academy Award-winning film version of Jane Austen's classic 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility (Ang Lee, 1995) and was a cartographer in 1917 Wales in The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain (Christopher Monger, 1995). He also performed in the Academy Award-winning Restoration (Michael Hoffman, 1995) with Robert Downey Jr.. On 27 June 1995, Grant was arrested in Los Angeles, California, for lewd conduct after police checking into a ‘suspicious parked car’ found him with Divine Brown, a prostitute, in the front seat. He pleaded no contest and was fined $1,180, and placed on two years' summary probation. The arrest occurred about two weeks before the release of Grant's first major studio film, Nine Months, which he was scheduled to promote on several American television shows. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno had him booked for the same week. In the much-watched interview, Grant was noted for not making excuses for the incident after Leno asked him, "What the hell were you thinking?" Grant answered, "I think you know in life what's a good thing to do and what's a bad thing, and I did a bad thing. And there you have it." The comedy Nine Months (Chris Columbus, 1995) was almost universally panned by critics, but it proved a hit at the box office. Grant made his debut as a film producer with the thriller Extreme Measures (Michael Apted, 1996), a commercial and critical failure. After a three-year hiatus, he paired with Julia Roberts in Notting Hill (Roger Michell, 1999), made by much of the same team that was responsible for Four Weddings and a Funeral. This new Working Title production displaced Four Weddings and a Funeral as the biggest British hit in the history of cinema, with earnings equalling $363 million worldwide. The comedy helped to restore some of Grant’s lustre. He also released his second production output, a fish-out-of-water mob comedy Mickey Blue Eyes (Kelly Makin, 1999), that year. More successful was Small Time Crooks (Woody Allen, 2000) in which Grant played an unsympathetic art dealer. After 13 years together, Grant and Elizabeth Hurley split up in May 2000, but two years later Grant became godfather to Hurley's son Damian (2002).
Hugh Grant played a charming but womanising book publisher in Bridget Jones's Diary (Sharon Maguire, 2001). The film, featuring Renée Zellweger and adapted from Helen Fielding's novel, was an international hit, earning $281 million worldwide. Grant played another womaniser, Will Freeman, in About a Boy (Paul Weitz, 2002), the film adaptation of Nick Hornby's best-seller At AllMovie, Michael Hastings notes: “Hugh Grant is one of the few actors since Cary Grant who can remain likeable even as he's committing near-despicable acts of dishonesty.” The film earned Grant his third Golden Globe nomination, while the London Film Critics Circle named Grant its Best British Actor. About a Boy also marked a notable change in Grant's boyish look. Now 41, he had lost weight and also abandoned his trademark floppy hair. Grant was also paired with Sandra Bullock in Warner Bros.'s Two Weeks Notice (Marc Lawrence, 2002), which made $199 million internationally but was panned by critics. It was followed by the ensemble comedy, Love Actually (Richard Curtis, 2003), headlined by Grant as the British Prime Minister. A Christmas release by Working Title Films, the film was promoted as ‘the ultimate romantic comedy’ and accumulated $246 million at the international box office. In 2004, Grant reprised his role as Daniel Cleaver for a small part in Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (Beebon Kidron, 2004), which, like its predecessor, made more than $262 million commercially. Gone from the screen for two years, Grant then reteamed with Paul Weitz for the black comedy American Dreamz (2006), in which he portrayed the acerbic host of an American Idol-like reality show. American Dreamz failed financially but Grant’s self-loathing performance was generously praised. In 2007, Grant starred opposite Drew Barrymore in Music and Lyrics (Marc Lawrence, 2007), a parody of pop culture and the music industry. Grant learned to sing, play the piano, dance (a few mannered steps) and studied the mannerisms of prominent musicians to prepare for his role as a has-been pop singer, based loosely on Andrew Ridgeley. He starred opposite Sarah Jessica Parker in the romantic comedy Did You Hear About the Morgans? (Marc Lawrence, 2009), which was a commercial as well as a critical failure.
In April 2011 Hugh Grant published an article in the New Statesman ‘The Bugger, Bugged’ about a conversation with Paul McMullan, former journalist and paparazzo for News of the World. In unguarded comments which were secretly taped by Grant, McMullan alleged that editors at the Daily Mail and News of the World had ordered journalists to engage in illegal phone tapping and had done so with the full knowledge of senior British politicians. Wikipedia describes how “Grant's article attracted considerable interest, due to both the revelatory content of the taped conversation, and the novelty of Grant himself ‘turning the tables’ on a tabloid journalist”. The later revelation that the voicemail of the by then murdered Millie Dowler had been hacked, and evidence for her murder enquiry had been deleted, turned the coverage from media interest to widespread public and eventually political outrage. “Grant became something of a spokesman against Murdoch's News Corporation, culminating in a bravura performance on BBC television's Question Time in July 2011”. Grant played several six evil characters in the epic drama film Cloud Atlas (Tom Tykwer, Andy Wachowski, Lana Wachowski, 2012). In November 2011, it was announced that Grant had become a father to a baby girl, Tabitha, earlier that autumn. The identity of the mother, with whom Grant had a "fleeting affair" according to his publicist, was not at first announced; however, it was later revealed to be a Chinese woman, Tinglan Hong. In an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in April 2012, Grant revealed that his daughter's Chinese name is Xiao Xi, meaning ‘happy surprise’. Grant and Hong reportedly briefly reunited in 2012. In February 2013, Hugh Grant announced that they had recently welcomed a son named Felix Chang. In the cinema, Hugh Grant can be seen soon in another romantic comedy, The Rewrite (Marc Lawrence, 2014) with Marisa Tomei, and in the action comedy The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (Guy Ritchie, 2015), based on the legendary TV series. In 2018, Grant returned to television screens after 25 years, as Jeremy Thorpe in the BBC One miniseries A Very English Scandal, which marked his second collaboration with director Stephen Frears. In 2019, Grant played another against-type role, in Guy Ritchie's The Gentlemen, his second collaboration with the director following The Man From U.N.C.L.E. In 2020, Grant starred in the HBO miniseries The Undoing, opposite Nicole Kidman and Donald Sutherland. Grant's performance was widely acclaimed. In 2023, Grant reunited with Guy Ritchie for the action Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre alongside Jason Statham and Aubrey Plaza. The film was a box office flop with mixed reviews. Grant also appeared as an Oompa-Loompa in Wonka (Paul King, 2023) starring Timothée Chalamet. The film serves as a prequel to the Roald Dahl novel 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory', exploring Willy Wonka's origins. In 2024, Grant had a guest appearance in the HBO series The Regime (Stephen Frears, 2024) starring Kate Winslet. Grant also starred in the Horror film Heretic (Scott Beck, Bryan Woods, 2024) and will return to the romantic comedy genre, reprising his role as Daniel Cleaver in Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy (Michael Morris, 2025).
Sources: Rebecca Flint Marx (AllMovie), Steve Shelokhonov (IMDb), Michael Hastings (AllMovie), FilmReference.com, Wikipedia, and IMDb.
And please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
The Old Amsterdam Investigation: Environmental. Social. Governance
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Amerika
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Social
Latin Amerika
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Governance
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SO MUCH BETTER BIGGER!
Our Father, who art in heaven,
hallowed be thy name.
Thy Kingdom come,
thy will be done,
on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread,
And forgive us our trespasses,
as we forgive those who trespass against us.
And lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil.
For thine is the kingdom, the power and the glory, forever.
The other weekend, my grandpa passed away.
I wasn't very close to him or anything, he spoke nothing but spanish really, and I'm a complete white girl, but he was one of those people that you could just look at, and tell that he had a billion interesting stories to tell.
It's interesting how we put off things for our entire lives, and then at the last minute, if we're lucky enough to have warning, we then try to complete them.
On the Friday before he passed away, I guess he had fallen, (I don't know the whole story) and my family took him to the doctor and all of his organs were shutting down. They thought he might have about two weeks left, if he was lucky.
He told everybody in the family that he wanted two things to be done before he died. He wanted to marry my Grandma Rebecca, formally, and he wanted to be baptized.
Unfortunately, he slipped into a coma on that Saturday evening, and the wedding ceremony was scheduled for the next day at church.
Our pastor came over and baptized him, but it was clear that he wasn't going to be able to hold on much longer.
Anyways, he passed late that Saturday night.
Moral, don't put off things that are important to you. You never know when your time is up, and you can't count on living forever.
I'm a really morbid person. I had never been to a funeral before and I was sitting there listening to all of his 16 kids speak at the service, and all I really was thinking about was "I wonder what people will say about me at my funeral. Who would miss me? Who's life will I have significantly impacted? What good had i done for the world? Who will cry? Will my family have been proud of the things I have done in my life? What secrets will I take to my grave?"
yeah. hahaha. I know, I'm a fR3@k. : )
whatever.
Chinese postcard. Hugh Grant and James Wilby in Maurice (James Ivory, 1987).
With his bumbling English charm, Hugh Grant (1960) achieved international stardom in the romantic comedy Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). The handsome Brit with his floppy hair and posh accent delivered more endearing comic performances in hits like Notting Hill (1999), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) and About a Boy (2002). Privately, Grant also proved to have enough sense of humour to survive a media frenzy.
Hugh John Mungo Grant was born in Hammersmith, London, in 1960. He was the second son of Fynvola Susan MacLean, a schoolteacher, and James Murray Grant, a carpet sales representative. His elder brother, James Grant, is a successful banker. From 1969 to 1978, Hugh attended the independent Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith on a scholarship and played 1st XV rugby, cricket and football for the school. In 1979, he won the Galsworthy scholarship to New College, Oxford where he starred in his first film, Privileged (Michael Hoffman, 1982), produced by the Oxford University Film Foundation. Viewing acting as nothing more than a creative outlet, he joined the Oxford University Dramatic Society and starred in a successful touring production of Twelfth Night. To obtain his Equity card, he joined the Nottingham Playhouse, a regional theatre. Bored with small acting parts, he created his own comedy revue called The Jockeys of Norfolk with friends Chris Lang and Andy Taylor. The group toured London's pub comedy circuit and proved a hit at the Edinburgh Festival. Their sketch on the Nativity told as an Ealing comedy, gained them a spot on the BBC2 TV show Edinburgh Nights. During this time, Grant also appeared in theatre productions of plays such as An Inspector Calls, Lady Windermere's Fan, and Coriolanus. His first leading film role came as a sexually conflicted Edwardian in Maurice (James Ivory, 1987), adapted from E. M. Forster's novel. He and co-star James Wilby shared the Volpi Cup for best actor at the Venice Film Festival for their portrayals of lovers Clive Durham and Maurice Hall. Despite such acclaim, Grant's next films were largely forgettable affairs except for The Lair of the White Worm (Ken Russell, 1988). Grant attained some cult status as a lord attempting to foil the murderous charms of a campy, trampy vampire (Amanda Donahoe). He had supporting parts in the BAFTA Award-nominated White Mischief (Michael Radford, 1987) and Dawning (Robert Knights, 1988), opposite Anthony Hopkins. His classic good looks made him a natural for romantic leads. He played Lord Byron in the Spanish production Remando al viento/Rowing with the Wind (Gonzalo Suárez, 1988). During the shooting of this Goya Award-winning film, Grant met model and actress Elizabeth Hurley, who was cast in a supporting role as Byron's former lover Claire Clairmont. Their subsequent relationship created much media attention. He portrayed another real-life figure, Frédéric Chopin, in Impromptu (James Lapine, 1991) opposite Judy Davis as George Sand. He also played Julie Andrews' gay son in the ABC made-for-television film Our Sons (John Erman, 1991). In Roman Polanski's Bitter Moon (1992), he portrayed a fastidious and proper British tourist married to Kristin Scott Thomas, who finds himself enticed by the sexual hedonism of a seductive French woman (Emmanuelle Seigner) and her embittered, paraplegic American husband (Peter Coyote). His work in the award-winning Merchant-Ivory drama The Remains of the Day (James Ivory, 1993) went largely unnoticed.
At 32, Hugh Grant became an overnight international star when he played bohemian and debonair bachelor Charles in Four Weddings and a Funeral (Mike Newell 1994), opposite Andie MacDowell. The romantic comedy, written by Richard Curtis, became the highest-grossing British film to date with a worldwide box office above $244 million. Among the numerous awards for the film, Grant earned his first and only Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award. Het signed a two-year production deal with Castle Rock Entertainment and became the founder and director of the UK-based Simian Films Limited. He appointed Elizabeth Hurley as the head of development to look for prospective projects. Simian Films produced two Grant vehicles in the 1990s but closed its US office in 2002. Grant was one of the choices to play James Bond in GoldenEye (1995) but eventually lost out to Pierce Brosnan. He did play Emma Thompson's suitor in the Academy Award-winning film version of Jane Austen's classic 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility (Ang Lee, 1995) and was a cartographer in 1917 Wales in The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain (Christopher Monger, 1995). He also performed in the Academy Award-winning Restoration (Michael Hoffman, 1995) with Robert Downey Jr.. On 27 June 1995, Grant was arrested in Los Angeles, California, for lewd conduct after police checking into a ‘suspicious parked car’ found him with Divine Brown, a prostitute, in the front seat. He pleaded no contest and was fined $1,180, and placed on two years' summary probation. The arrest occurred about two weeks before the release of Grant's first major studio film, Nine Months, which he was scheduled to promote on several American television shows. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno had him booked for the same week. In the much-watched interview, Grant was noted for not making excuses for the incident after Leno asked him, "What the hell were you thinking?" Grant answered, "I think you know in life what's a good thing to do and what's a bad thing, and I did a bad thing. And there you have it." The comedy Nine Months (Chris Columbus, 1995) was almost universally panned by critics, but it proved a hit at the box office. Grant made his debut as a film producer with the thriller Extreme Measures (Michael Apted, 1996), a commercial and critical failure. After a three-year hiatus, he paired with Julia Roberts in Notting Hill (Roger Michell, 1999), made by much of the same team that was responsible for Four Weddings and a Funeral. This new Working Title production displaced Four Weddings and a Funeral as the biggest British hit in the history of cinema, with earnings equalling $363 million worldwide. The comedy helped to restore some of Grant’s lustre. He also released his second production output, a fish-out-of-water mob comedy Mickey Blue Eyes (Kelly Makin, 1999), that year. More successful was Small Time Crooks (Woody Allen, 2000) in which Grant played an unsympathetic art dealer. After 13 years together, Grant and Elizabeth Hurley split up in May 2000, but two years later Grant became godfather to Hurley's son Damian (2002).
Hugh Grant played a charming but womanising book publisher in Bridget Jones's Diary (Sharon Maguire, 2001). The film, featuring Renée Zellweger and adapted from Helen Fielding's novel, was an international hit, earning $281 million worldwide. Grant played another womaniser, Will Freeman, in About a Boy (Paul Weitz, 2002), the film adaptation of Nick Hornby's best-seller At AllMovie, Michael Hastings notes: “Hugh Grant is one of the few actors since Cary Grant who can remain likeable even as he's committing near-despicable acts of dishonesty.” The film earned Grant his third Golden Globe nomination, while the London Film Critics Circle named Grant its Best British Actor. About a Boy also marked a notable change in Grant's boyish look. Now 41, he had lost weight and also abandoned his trademark floppy hair. Grant was also paired with Sandra Bullock in Warner Bros.'s Two Weeks Notice (Marc Lawrence, 2002), which made $199 million internationally but was panned by critics. It was followed by the ensemble comedy, Love Actually (Richard Curtis, 2003), headlined by Grant as the British Prime Minister. A Christmas release by Working Title Films, the film was promoted as ‘the ultimate romantic comedy’ and accumulated $246 million at the international box office. In 2004, Grant reprised his role as Daniel Cleaver for a small part in Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (Beebon Kidron, 2004), which, like its predecessor, made more than $262 million commercially. Gone from the screen for two years, Grant then reteamed with Paul Weitz for the black comedy American Dreamz (2006), in which he portrayed the acerbic host of an American Idol-like reality show. American Dreamz failed financially but Grant’s self-loathing performance was generously praised. In 2007, Grant starred opposite Drew Barrymore in Music and Lyrics (Marc Lawrence, 2007), a parody of pop culture and the music industry. Grant learned to sing, play the piano, dance (a few mannered steps) and studied the mannerisms of prominent musicians to prepare for his role as a has-been pop singer, based loosely on Andrew Ridgeley. He starred opposite Sarah Jessica Parker in the romantic comedy Did You Hear About the Morgans? (Marc Lawrence, 2009), which was a commercial as well as a critical failure.
In April 2011 Hugh Grant published an article in the New Statesman ‘The Bugger, Bugged’ about a conversation with Paul McMullan, former journalist and paparazzo for News of the World. In unguarded comments which were secretly taped by Grant, McMullan alleged that editors at the Daily Mail and News of the World had ordered journalists to engage in illegal phone tapping and had done so with the full knowledge of senior British politicians. Wikipedia describes how “Grant's article attracted considerable interest, due to both the revelatory content of the taped conversation, and the novelty of Grant himself ‘turning the tables’ on a tabloid journalist”. The later revelation that the voicemail of the by then murdered Millie Dowler had been hacked, and evidence for her murder enquiry had been deleted, turned the coverage from media interest to widespread public and eventually political outrage. “Grant became something of a spokesman against Murdoch's News Corporation, culminating in a bravura performance on BBC television's Question Time in July 2011”. Grant played several six evil characters in the epic drama film Cloud Atlas (Tom Tykwer, Andy Wachowski, Lana Wachowski, 2012). In November 2011, it was announced that Grant had become a father to a baby girl, Tabitha, earlier that autumn. The identity of the mother, with whom Grant had a "fleeting affair" according to his publicist, was not at first announced; however, it was later revealed to be a Chinese woman, Tinglan Hong. In an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in April 2012, Grant revealed that his daughter's Chinese name is Xiao Xi, meaning ‘happy surprise’. Grant and Hong reportedly briefly reunited in 2012. In February 2013, Hugh Grant announced that they had recently welcomed a son named Felix Chang. In the cinema, Hugh Grant can be seen soon in another romantic comedy, The Rewrite (Marc Lawrence, 2014) with Marisa Tomei, and in the action comedy The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (Guy Ritchie, 2015), based on the legendary TV series. In 2018, Grant returned to television screens after 25 years, as Jeremy Thorpe in the BBC One miniseries A Very English Scandal, which marked his second collaboration with director Stephen Frears. In 2019, Grant played another against-type role, in Guy Ritchie's The Gentlemen, his second collaboration with the director following The Man From U.N.C.L.E. In 2020, Grant starred in the HBO miniseries The Undoing, opposite Nicole Kidman and Donald Sutherland. Grant's performance was widely acclaimed. In 2023, Grant reunited with Guy Ritchie for the action Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre alongside Jason Statham and Aubrey Plaza. The film was a box office flop with mixed reviews. Grant also appeared as an Oompa-Loompa in Wonka (Paul King, 2023) starring Timothée Chalamet. The film serves as a prequel to the Roald Dahl novel 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory', exploring Willy Wonka's origins. In 2024, Grant had a guest appearance in the HBO series The Regime (Stephen Frears, 2024) starring Kate Winslet. Grant also starred in the Horror film Heretic (Scott Beck, Bryan Woods, 2024) and will return to the romantic comedy genre, reprising his role as Daniel Cleaver in Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy (Michael Morris, 2025).
Sources: Rebecca Flint Marx (AllMovie), Steve Shelokhonov (IMDb), Michael Hastings (AllMovie), FilmReference.com, Wikipedia, and IMDb.
And please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
Australian Freecard by AvantCard, no. 6848. Hugh Grant in About a Boy (Paul Weitz, 2002).
With his bumbling English charm, Hugh Grant (1960) achieved international stardom in the romantic comedy Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). The handsome Brit with his floppy hair and posh accent delivered more endearing comic performances in hits like Notting Hill (1999), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) and About a Boy (2002). Privately, Grant also proved to have enough sense of humour to survive a media frenzy.
Hugh John Mungo Grant was born in Hammersmith, London, in 1960. He was the second son of Fynvola Susan MacLean, a schoolteacher, and James Murray Grant, a carpet sales representative. His elder brother, James Grant, is a successful banker. From 1969 to 1978, Hugh attended the independent Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith on a scholarship and played 1st XV rugby, cricket and football for the school. In 1979, he won the Galsworthy scholarship to New College, Oxford where he starred in his first film, Privileged (Michael Hoffman, 1982), produced by the Oxford University Film Foundation. Viewing acting as nothing more than a creative outlet, he joined the Oxford University Dramatic Society and starred in a successful touring production of Twelfth Night. To obtain his Equity card, he joined the Nottingham Playhouse, a regional theatre. Bored with small acting parts, he created his own comedy revue called The Jockeys of Norfolk with friends Chris Lang and Andy Taylor. The group toured London's pub comedy circuit and proved a hit at the Edinburgh Festival. Their sketch on the Nativity told as an Ealing comedy, gained them a spot on the BBC2 TV show Edinburgh Nights. During this time, Grant also appeared in theatre productions of plays such as An Inspector Calls, Lady Windermere's Fan, and Coriolanus. His first leading film role came as a sexually conflicted Edwardian in Maurice (James Ivory, 1987), adapted from E. M. Forster's novel. He and co-star James Wilby shared the Volpi Cup for best actor at the Venice Film Festival for their portrayals of lovers Clive Durham and Maurice Hall. Despite such acclaim, Grant's next films were largely forgettable affairs except for The Lair of the White Worm (Ken Russell, 1988). Grant attained some cult status as a lord attempting to foil the murderous charms of a campy, trampy vampire (Amanda Donahoe). He had supporting parts in the BAFTA Award-nominated White Mischief (Michael Radford, 1987) and Dawning (Robert Knights, 1988), opposite Anthony Hopkins. His classic good looks made him a natural for romantic leads. He played Lord Byron in the Spanish production Remando al viento/Rowing with the Wind (Gonzalo Suárez, 1988). During the shooting of this Goya Award-winning film, Grant met model and actress Elizabeth Hurley, who was cast in a supporting role as Byron's former lover Claire Clairmont. Their subsequent relationship created much media attention. He portrayed another real-life figure, Frédéric Chopin, in Impromptu (James Lapine, 1991) opposite Judy Davis as George Sand. He also played Julie Andrews' gay son in the ABC made-for-television film Our Sons (John Erman, 1991). In Roman Polanski's Bitter Moon (1992), he portrayed a fastidious and proper British tourist married to Kristin Scott Thomas, who finds himself enticed by the sexual hedonism of a seductive French woman (Emmanuelle Seigner) and her embittered, paraplegic American husband (Peter Coyote). His work in the award-winning Merchant-Ivory drama The Remains of the Day (James Ivory, 1993) went largely unnoticed.
At 32, Hugh Grant became an overnight international star when he played bohemian and debonair bachelor Charles in Four Weddings and a Funeral (Mike Newell 1994), opposite Andie MacDowell. The romantic comedy, written by Richard Curtis, became the highest-grossing British film to date with a worldwide box office above $244 million. Among the numerous awards for the film, Grant earned his first and only Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award. Het signed a two-year production deal with Castle Rock Entertainment and became the founder and director of the UK-based Simian Films Limited. He appointed Elizabeth Hurley as the head of development to look for prospective projects. Simian Films produced two Grant vehicles in the 1990s but closed its US office in 2002. Grant was one of the choices to play James Bond in GoldenEye (1995) but eventually lost out to Pierce Brosnan. He did play Emma Thompson's suitor in the Academy Award-winning film version of Jane Austen's classic 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility (Ang Lee, 1995) and was a cartographer in 1917 Wales in The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain (Christopher Monger, 1995). He also performed in the Academy Award-winning Restoration (Michael Hoffman, 1995) with Robert Downey Jr. On 27 June 1995, Grant was arrested in Los Angeles, California, for lewd conduct after police checking into a ‘suspicious parked car’ found him with Divine Brown, a prostitute, in the front seat. He pleaded no contest and was fined $1,180, and placed on two years' summary probation. The arrest occurred about two weeks before the release of Grant's first major studio film, Nine Months, which he was scheduled to promote on several American television shows. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno had him booked for the same week. In the much-watched interview, Grant was noted for not making excuses for the incident after Leno asked him, "What the hell were you thinking?" Grant answered, "I think you know in life what's a good thing to do and what's a bad thing, and I did a bad thing. And there you have it." The comedy Nine Months (Chris Columbus, 1995) was almost universally panned by critics, but it proved a hit at the box office. Grant made his debut as a film producer with the thriller Extreme Measures (Michael Apted, 1996), a commercial and critical failure. After a three-year hiatus, he paired with Julia Roberts in Notting Hill (Roger Michell, 1999), made by much of the same team that was responsible for Four Weddings and a Funeral. This new Working Title production displaced Four Weddings and a Funeral as the biggest British hit in the history of cinema, with earnings equalling $363 million worldwide. The comedy helped to restore some of Grant’s lustre. He also released his second production output, a fish-out-of-water mob comedy Mickey Blue Eyes (Kelly Makin, 1999), that year. More successful was Small Time Crooks (Woody Allen, 2000) in which Grant played an unsympathetic art dealer. After 13 years together, Grant and Elizabeth Hurley split up in May 2000, but two years later Grant became godfather to Hurley's son Damian (2002).
Hugh Grant played a charming but womanising book publisher in Bridget Jones's Diary (Sharon Maguire, 2001). The film, featuring Renée Zellweger and adapted from Helen Fielding's novel, was an international hit, earning $281 million worldwide. Grant played another womaniser, Will Freeman, in About a Boy (Paul Weitz, 2002), the film adaptation of Nick Hornby's best-seller At AllMovie, Michael Hastings notes: “Hugh Grant is one of the few actors since Cary Grant who can remain likeable even as he's committing near-despicable acts of dishonesty.” The film earned Grant his third Golden Globe nomination, while the London Film Critics Circle named Grant its Best British Actor. About a Boy also marked a notable change in Grant's boyish look. Now 41, he had lost weight and also abandoned his trademark floppy hair. Grant was also paired with Sandra Bullock in Warner Bros.'s Two Weeks Notice (Marc Lawrence, 2002), which made $199 million internationally but was panned by critics. It was followed by the ensemble comedy, Love Actually (Richard Curtis, 2003), headlined by Grant as the British Prime Minister. A Christmas release by Working Title Films, the film was promoted as ‘the ultimate romantic comedy’ and accumulated $246 million at the international box office. In 2004, Grant reprised his role as Daniel Cleaver for a small part in Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (Beebon Kidron, 2004), which, like its predecessor, made more than $262 million commercially. Gone from the screen for two years, Grant then reteamed with Paul Weitz for the black comedy American Dreamz (2006), in which he portrayed the acerbic host of an American Idol-like reality show. American Dreamz failed financially but Grant’s self-loathing performance was generously praised. In 2007, Grant starred opposite Drew Barrymore in Music and Lyrics (Marc Lawrence, 2007), a parody of pop culture and the music industry. Grant learned to sing, play the piano, dance (a few mannered steps) and studied the mannerisms of prominent musicians to prepare for his role as a has-been pop singer, based loosely on Andrew Ridgeley. He starred opposite Sarah Jessica Parker in the romantic comedy Did You Hear About the Morgans? (Marc Lawrence, 2009), which was a commercial as well as a critical failure.
In April 2011 Hugh Grant published an article in the New Statesman ‘The Bugger, Bugged’ about a conversation with Paul McMullan, former journalist and paparazzo for News of the World. In unguarded comments which were secretly taped by Grant, McMullan alleged that editors at the Daily Mail and News of the World had ordered journalists to engage in illegal phone tapping and had done so with the full knowledge of senior British politicians. Wikipedia describes how “Grant's article attracted considerable interest, due to both the revelatory content of the taped conversation, and the novelty of Grant himself ‘turning the tables’ on a tabloid journalist”. The later revelation that the voicemail of the by then murdered Millie Dowler had been hacked, and evidence for her murder enquiry had been deleted, turned the coverage from media interest to widespread public and eventually political outrage. “Grant became something of a spokesman against Murdoch's News Corporation, culminating in a bravura performance on BBC television's Question Time in July 2011”. Grant played several six evil characters in the epic drama film Cloud Atlas (Tom Tykwer, Andy Wachowski, Lana Wachowski, 2012). In November 2011, it was announced that Grant had become a father to a baby girl, Tabitha, earlier that autumn. The identity of the mother, with whom Grant had a "fleeting affair" according to his publicist, was not at first announced; however, it was later revealed to be a Chinese woman, Tinglan Hong. In an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in April 2012, Grant revealed that his daughter's Chinese name is Xiao Xi, meaning ‘happy surprise’. Grant and Hong reportedly briefly reunited in 2012. In February 2013, Hugh Grant announced that they had recently welcomed a son named Felix Chang. In the cinema, Hugh Grant can be seen soon in another romantic comedy, The Rewrite (Marc Lawrence, 2014) with Marisa Tomei, and in the action comedy The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (Guy Ritchie, 2015), based on the legendary TV series. In 2018, Grant returned to television screens after 25 years, as Jeremy Thorpe in the BBC One miniseries A Very English Scandal, which marked his second collaboration with director Stephen Frears. In 2019, Grant played another against-type role, in Guy Ritchie's The Gentlemen, his second collaboration with the director following The Man From U.N.C.L.E. In 2020, Grant starred in the HBO miniseries The Undoing, opposite Nicole Kidman and Donald Sutherland. Grant's performance was widely acclaimed. In 2023, Grant reunited with Guy Ritchie for the action Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre alongside Jason Statham and Aubrey Plaza. The film was a box office flop with mixed reviews. Grant also appeared as an Oompa-Loompa in Wonka (Paul King, 2023) starring Timothée Chalamet. The film serves as a prequel to the Roald Dahl novel 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory', exploring Willy Wonka's origins. In 2024, Grant had a guest appearance in the HBO series The Regime (Stephen Frears, 2024) starring Kate Winslet. Grant also starred in the Horror film Heretic (Scott Beck, Bryan Woods, 2024) and will return to the romantic comedy genre, reprising his role as Daniel Cleaver in Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy (Michael Morris, 2025).
Sources: Rebecca Flint Marx (AllMovie), Steve Shelokhonov (IMDb), Michael Hastings (AllMovie), FilmReference.com, Wikipedia, and IMDb.
And please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.