Krakow salt mine, Wieliczka
700 year old salt mines near Krakow in Poland. All carved from solid
rock salt by miners. Even the lights are made from salt!
The Wieliczka Salt Mine, located in the town of Wieliczka in southern
Poland, lies within the Kraków metropolitan area. The mine
continuously produced table salt from the 13th century until 2007 as
one of the world's oldest operating salt mines (the oldest being the
Bochnia Salt Mine).
The mine's attractions for tourists include dozens of statues and an
entire chapel that have been carved out of the rock salt by the
miners. About 1.2 million people visit the Wieliczka Salt Mine
annually.
Commercial mining was discontinued in 1996 due to low salt prices and
mine flooding.
The Wieliczka salt mine reaches a depth of 327 meters and is over 300
km long. It features a 3.5-km touring route for visitors (less than 1%
of the length of the mine's passages) that includes historic statues
and mythical figures. The oldest sculptures were carved out of rock
salt by miners; more recent figures have been fashioned by
contemporary artists. Even the crystals of the chandeliers are made
from rock salt that has been dissolved and reconstituted to achieve a
clear, glass-like appearance. The rock salt is naturally grey in
various shades, so that the carvings resemble unpolished granite
rather than the white or crystalline look that many visitors expect.
The carvings may appear white in the photos, but the actual carved
figures are not white.
At the end of the tour, there is a large cathedral and reception room
that can be reserved for private functions such as weddings or private
parties. Also featured is a large chamber with walls carved to
resemble wooden chapels built by miners in earlier centuries; an
underground lake; and exhibits on the history of salt mining. The
Wieliczka mine is often referred to as "the Underground Salt
Cathedral of Poland." It also houses a private rehabilitation and
wellness complex.
Over the centuries, visitors to this site have included Nicolaus
Copernicus, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Alexander von Humboldt, Dmitri
Mendeleyev, Bolesław Prus, Ignacy Paderewski, Robert Baden-Powell,
Jacob Bronowski (who filmed segments of The Ascent of Man in the
mine), Karol Wojtyła (the later Pope John Paul II), former U.S.
President Bill Clinton, and many others. During World War II, the salt
mine was used by the occupying Germans as facilities for war-related
industries.
To get down to the 64-metre level of the mine, visitors must descend a
wooden stairway of 378 steps. After the three-kilometer tour of the
mine's corridors, chapels, statues and lake, 135 metres underground,
visitors take an elevator back up to the surface. The elevator holds
36 people (nine per car) and takes some 30 seconds to reach the
surface.
The salt mine helped inspire the Labyrinth scenes in Bolesław Prus'
1895 historical novel, Pharaoh.
In 1978 the Wieliczka salt mine was placed on the original UNESCO list
of the World Heritage Sites.
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This photo was invited and added to the WORLD MINING HERITAGE ⚒ group.