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CLOSED Today in US History: 2007 April 19 - July 29
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Apr 19, 1775, The American Revolution began as fighting broke out in Lexington, Massachusetts.
Originally posted at 3:26PM, 19 April 2007 PDT
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F*O*T*O*G*R*A*F*I*A ~by~ Nelo Esteves edited this topic 59 months ago.
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(1 to 100 of 110 replies in CLOSED Today in US History: 2007 April 19 - July 29)
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April 19, 2003 - My wife and I got married!
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Congratulations, Mr-Sparkle.
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Happy Anniversary Zach and Mrs Zach!
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Congratulations!! MR-Sparkle and wife!!!
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Thanks everyone!
Apr 20 1836 - U.S. Congress passes an act creating the Wisconsin Territory.
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Yes, congrats to both Marge and you, Homer (joke).
Apr 22 1864 - The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act which mandates that the inscription "In God We Trust" be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
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Apr 25, 1846, The Mexican-American War ignited as a result of disputes over claims to Texas boundaries. The outcome of the war fixed Texas' southern boundary at the Rio Grande River.
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On April 26th,
1607 The British established an American colony at Cape Henry, Virginia. It was the first permanent English establishment in the Western Hemisphere.
1865 Joseph E. Johnston surrendered the Army of Tennessee to Sherman during the American Civil War.
1865 John Wilkes Booth was killed by the U.S. Federal Cavalry.
1952 Patty Berg set a new record for major women’s golf competition when she shot a 64 over 18 holes in a tournament in Richmond, California.
1964 The Boston Celtics won their sixth consecutive NBA title. They won two more before the streak came to an end.
1968 Students seized the administration building at Ohio State University.
1983 Dow Jones Industrial Average broke 1,200 for first time.
Originally posted 62 months ago.
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F*O*T*O*G*R*A*F*I*A ~by~ Nelo Esteves edited this topic 62 months ago.
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It was a sad day in LA...
29 April 1986 - Fire at the Central library of the City of Los Angeles Public Library, some 400,000 books and other items damaged or destroyed.
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That is sad, anytime knowledge and patrimony of humankind is lost!
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Apr 30, 1789, George Washington took office as the first U.S. president under the New Constitution of the United States of America.
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Apr 30, 1975. It's not a date specific to US history, but the events leading up to it are very much a part of US history. What is this date? It's the day on which South Vietnam fell. To many Vietnamese (especially those living in the US now), today is known was "the day our country was lost." The official holiday in Vietnam is called Victory Day.
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May 1 history.
1790 - The United States completes its first census.
1863 - American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville begins - Union forces under Major General Joseph Hooker begin to fight Confederate troops commanded by General Robert E. Lee (Union defeat).
1869 - The Folies-Bergere opens in Paris.
1873 - The 1873 Vienna World's Fair opens in Vienna.
1883 - Buffalo Bill Cody put on his first Wild West Show.
1884 - Proclamation of the demand for eight-hour workday in the United States
1886 - The start of the general strike which eventually won the eight-hour workday in the United States. These events are today commemorated as May Day or Labour Day in most industrialized countries.
1893 - The World Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago, Illinois.
1894 - Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, arrives in Washington D.C..
1898 - Spanish-American War: The Battle of Manila Bay - The United States Navy destroys the Spanish Pacific fleet in the first battle of the war.
1901 - The Pan-American Exposition opens in Buffalo, New York.
1902 - Petrol Loco, the first prototype gasoline-powered "locomobile" (automobile), is completed.
1931 - The Empire State Building is dedicated in New York City.
1940 - The 1940 Summer Olympics are canceled due to war.
1941 - Orson Welles's Citizen Kane premieres in New York City
1950 - Guam is organized as a United States commonwealth.
1956 - The polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk is made available to the public.
1960 - Cold War: U-2 Crisis - Francis Gary Powers, in a U-2 spyplane, is shot down over the Soviet Union, beginning a crisis.
*1963 - James Whittaker of Redmond, Washington, becomes the first American climb to the summit of Mt. Everest.*From my home state
1967 - Elvis Presley marries Priscilla Beaulieu.
1971 - Amtrak is formed.
1972 - Vietnam War: Easter Offensive - North Vietnamese troops capture Quang Tri City, effectively giving them control Quang Tri Province.
1982 - The 1982 World's Fair opens in Knoxville, Tennessee.
1983 - Edwin El Chapo Rosario wins boxing's vacant WBC world Lightweight title by beating Jose Luis Ramirez in San Juan, by points in 12 rounds, becoming Puerto Rico's 14th world boxing champion. A young Julio Cesar Chavez also wins as part of the undercard.
1986 - Bill Elliott sets a stock car speed record at Talladega Speedway with a speed of 212.229 mph (339.956 km/h).
1991 - Texas Rangers pitcher Nolan Ryan hurls his seventh no-hitter in a 3-0 victory over the Toronto Blue Jays.
1991 - Oakland Athletics outfielder Rickey Henderson breaks the all-time record for stolen bases by stealing his 939th
1992 - Rickey Henderson steals his 1000th base.
1994 - Formula 1 driver Ayrton Senna is killed during the San Marino Grand Prix.
2004 - Northwest and Continental join the Skyteam Alliance.
2007-Immigrants march for rights in downtown Seattle.
Famous births and deaths were:
1830 - Mother Jones, labor activist (d. 1930)
1852 - Calamity Jane, riflewoman, Wild West star (d. 1903)
1905 - Henry Koster, film director (d. 1988)
1909 - Kate Smith, singer (d. 1986)
1916 - Glenn Ford, actor
1918 - Jack Paar, television host (d. 2004)
1923 - Joseph Heller, American novelist (d. 1999)
1924 - Art Fleming, game show host (d. 1995)
1939 - Judy Collins, singer
1940 - Elsa Peretti, jewelry designer
1944 - Rita Coolidge, singer
1946 - John Woo, director, producer, writer, actor
1954 - Ray Parker Jr., singer/songwriter
1960 - Steve Cauthen, jockey
1967 - Tim McGraw, country musician
1965 - Spike Jones, band leader, musician, comedian (b. 1911)
May Day, Labour Day, Loyalty Day, Day of the International Solidarity of Workers - see event section above.
Lei Day - Hawaiian holiday for the Lei.
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Wow, they actually have a holiday in Hawaii called Lei Day.
You figure Labour Day would come nine months after Lei Day....
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I think I love Lei Day :)
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On May 2
1776 France and Spain agreed to donate arms to American rebels fighting the British.
1863 Confederate Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was wounded by his own men in the battle of Chancellorsville, VA. He died 8 days later.
1865 U.S. President Andrew Johnson offered $100,000 reward for the capture of Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
1926 U.S. Marines landed in Nicaragua to put down a revolt and to protect U.S. interests. They did not depart until 1933.
1939 Lou Gehrig set a new major-league baseball record when he played in his 2,130th game.
1941 Hostilities broke out between British forces in Iraq and that country’s pro-German faction.
1946 Prisoners revolted at California's Alcatraz prison.
1970 Student anti-war protesters at Ohio's Kent State University burn down the campus ROTC building. The National Guard took control of the campus.
1974 Former U.S. Vice President Spiro T. Agnew was disbarred by the Maryland Court of Appeals.
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On May 3
1802 Washington D.C. was incorporated as a city.
1855 Macon B. Allen became the first African American to be admitted to the Bar in Massachusetts.
1921 West Virginia imposed the first state sales tax.
1945 Indian forces captured Rangoon, Burma, from the Japanese.
1948 The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that covenants prohibiting the sale of real estate to blacks and other minorities were legally unenforceable.
1968 After three days of battle, the U.S. Marines retook Dai Do complex in Vietnam. They found that the North Vietnamese had evacuated the area.
1971 Anti-war protesters began four days of demonstrations in Washington, D.C.
1971 James Earl Ray, Martin Luther King's assassin, was caught in
1986 In NASA's first post-Challenger launch, an unmanned Delta rocket lost power in its main engine shortly after liftoff. Safety officers destroyed it by remote control.
1992 Five days of rioting and looting ended in Los Angeles, CA. The riots, that killed 53 people, began after the acquittal of police officers in the beating of Rodney King.
1997 The "Republic of Texas" surrendered to authorities ending an armed standoff where two people were held hostage. The group asserts the independence of Texas from the U.S.
1999 Mark Manes, at age 22, was arrested for supplying a gun to Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, who later killed 13 people at Columbine High school in Colorado.
2000 The trial of two Libyans accused of killing 270 people in the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 (over Lockerbie) opened.
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May 4
1626 - Dutch explorer Peter Minuit landed on Manhattan Island. Native Americans later sold the island (20,000 acres) for $24 in cloth and buttons.
1776 - Rhode Island declared its freedom from England two months before the Declaration of Independence was adopted.
1863 - The Battle of Chancellorsville ended when the Union Army retreated.
1864 - Ulysses S Grant crossed Rapidan and began his duel with Robert E Lee.
1886 - Chichester Bell and Charles S. Tainter patented the gramophone. It was the first practical phonograph.
1905 - Belmont Park opened in surburban Long Island. It opened as the largest race track in the world.
1916 - Germany agreed to limit its submarine warfare after a demand from U.S. President Wilson.
1932 - Al Capone entered the Atlanta Penitentiary federal prison for income-tax evasion.
1942 - The Battle of the Coral Sea commenced as American and Japanese carriers launched their attacks at each other.
1942 - The United States began food rationing.
1946 - A two-day riot at Alcatraz prison in San Francisco Bay ended. Five people were killed.
1954 - The first intercollegiate court tennis match in the U.S. It was between Yale and Princeton.
1961 - Thirteen civil rights activists, dubbed "Freedom Riders," began a bus trip through the South.
1964 - "Another World" premiered on NBC-TV.
1970 - The Ohio National Guardsmen opened fire on students during an anti-Vietnam war protest at Kent State University. Four students were killed and nine others were wounded.
1987 - Live models were used for the first time in Playtex bra ads.
1989 - Oliver North, a former White House aide was convicted of shredding documents and two other crimes. He was acquitted of nine other charges stemming from the Iran-Contra affair. The three convictions were later overturned on appeal.
1998 - Unabomber Theodore Kaczynski was given four life sentences plus 30 years by a federal judge in Sacramento, CA. The sentence was under a plea agreement that spared Kaczynski the death penalty.
1999 - Several severe tornadoes hit the Midwest U.S. overnight. At least 45 people were killed.
1999 - Manuel Babbitt was executed for killing Leah Schendel in 1980. Babbitt had received a purple heart for his injuries in Vietnam while on death row.
2003 - Idaho Gem was born. He was the first member of the horse family to be cloned.
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Kent State information on May 4, 1970.
And More info...
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May 5
1798 - U.S. Secretary of War William McHenry ordered that the USS Constitution be made ready for sea. The frigate was launched on October 21, 1797, but had never been put to sea.
1809 - Mary Kies was awarded the first patent to go to a woman. It was for technique for weaving straw with silk and thread.
1814 - The British attack the American forces at Ft. Ontario, Oswego, NY.
1847 - The AMA (American Medical Association) was organized in Philadelphia, PA.
1865 - The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified, abolishing slavery in the U.S.
1886 - A bomb exploded on the fourth day of a workers' strike in Chicago, IL.
1891 - Music Hall was dedicated in New York City. It was later renamed Carnegie Hall.
1892 - The U.S. Congress extended the Geary Chinese Exclusion Act for 10 more years. The act required Chinese in the U.S. to be registered or face deportation.
1901 - The first Catholic mass for night workers was held at the Church of St. Andrew in New York City.
1904 - The third perfect game of the major leagues was thrown by Cy Young (Boston Red Sox) against the Philadelphia Athletics. It was the first perfect game under modern rules.
1916 - U.S. Marines invaded the Dominican Republic.
1917 - Eugene Jacques Bullard becomes the first African-American aviator when he earned his flying certificate with the French Air Service.
1925 - John T. Scopes, a biology teacher in Dayton, TN, was arrested for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution.
1936 - Edward Ravenscroft received a patent for the screw-on bottle cap with a pour lip.
1942 - General Joseph Stilwell learned that the Japanese had cut his railway out of China and was forced to lead his troops into India.
1945 - The Netherlands and Denmark were liberated from Nazi control.
1945 - A Japanese balloon bomb exploded on Gearhart Mountain in Oregon. A pregnant woman was killed in the only fatal attack of its kind during World War II.
1955 - "Damn Yankees" opened on Broadway.
1956 - Jim Bailey became the first runner to break the four-minute mile in the U.S. He was clocked at 3:58.5.
1961 - Alan Shepard became the first American in space when he made a 15 minute suborbital flight.
1966 - Willie Mays broke the National League record for home runs when he hit his 512th.
1978 - Pete Rose of the Cincinnati Reds registered his 3,000th major league hit.
1987 - The U.S. congressional Iran-Contra hearings opened.
1991 - In New York, Carnegie Hall marked its 100th anniversary.
1997 - Dolores Hope received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1997 - Ivan Reitman received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
2000 - The final episode of "Boy Meets World" aired on ABC.
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On May 6
1861 Arkansas became the ninth state to secede from the Union.
1882 The U.S. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act. The act barred Chinese immigrants from the U.S. for 10 years.
1937 The Hindenburg crashed and burned in Lakehurst, NJ. 36 people (of the 97 on board) were killed.
1942 During World War II, some 15,000 Americans and Filipinos on Corregidor surrendered to the Japanese.
1954 British runner Roger Banister broke the four-minute mile.
1957 U.S. Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his book "Profiles in Courage".
1960 U.S. President Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1960.
1962 The first nuclear warhead was fired from the Polaris submarine.
1994 Former Arkansas state worker Paula Jones filed suit against U.S. President Clinton. The case alleged that he had sexually harassed her in 1991.
1999 A parole board in New York voted to release Amy Fisher. She had been in jail for 7 years for shooting her lover's wife, Mary Jo Buttafuoco, in the face.
2001 Chandra Levy's parents reported her missing to police in Washington, DC. Levy's body was found on May 22, 2002 in Rock Creek Park.
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On May 7
1789 The first U.S. Presidential Inaugural Ball was held in New York City.
1800 The U.S. Congress divided the Northwest Territory into two parts. The western part became the Indiana Territory and the eastern section remained the Northwest Territory.
1915 The civilian ship Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine off Ireland. 1,198 people were killed.
1939 Germany and Italy announced a military and political alliance known as the Rome-Berlin Axis.
1942 In the Battle of the Coral Sea, Japanese and American navies attacked each other with carrier planes. It was the first time in the history of naval warfare where two enemy fleets fought without seeing each other.
1943 The last major German strongholds in North Africa, Tunis and Bizerte, fell to Allied forces.
1945 Germany signed unconditional surrender ending World War II. It would take effect the next day.
1945 Baseball owner Branch Rickey announced the organization of the United States Negro Baseball League. There were 6 teams.
1984 A $180 million out-of-court settlement was announced in the Agent Orange class-action suit brought by Vietnam veterans who claimed they had suffered injury from exposure to the defoliant while serving in the armed forces.
1992 A 203-year-old proposed constitutional amendment barring the U.S. Congress from giving itself a midterm pay raise was ratified as the 27th amendment.
1997 A report released by the U.S. government said that Switzerland provided Nazi Germany with equipment and credit during World War II. Germany exchanged for gold what had been plundered or stolen. Switzerland did not comply with postwar agreements to return the gold.
1999 In Belgrade, Yugoslavia, three Chinese citizens were killed and 20 were wounded when a NATO plane mistakenly bombed the Chinese embassy.
2003 Roger Moore collapsed during a matinee performance of the Broadway comedy "The Play What I Wrote." He finished the show after a 10-minute break. He was fitted with a pacemaker the following day.
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May 8
1541 - Hernando de Soto reached the Mississippi River. He called it Rio de Espiritu Santo.
1794 - The United States Post Office was established.
1846 - The first major battle of the Mexican War was fought. The battle occurred in Palo Alto, TX.
1847 - The rubber tire was patented by Robert W. Thompson.
1879 - George Selden applied for the first automobile patent.
1886 - Pharmacist Dr. John Styth Pemberton invented what would later be called "Coca-Cola."
1904 - U.S. Marines landed in Tangier to protect the Belgian legation.
1914 - The U.S. Congress passed a Joint Resolution that designated the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day.
1915 - H.P. Whitney's Regret became the first filly to win the Kentucky Derby.
1919 - The first transatlantic flight took-off by a navy seaplane.
1939 - Clay Puett's electric starting gate was used for the first time.
1945 - U.S. President Harry Truman announced that World War II had ended in Europe.
1954 - Parry O'Brien became the first to toss a shot put over 60 feet. O'Brien achieved a distance of 60 feet 5 1/4 inches.
1956 - Alfred E. Neuman appeared on the cover of "Mad Magazine" for the first time.
1958 - U.S. President Eisenhower ordered the National Guard out of Little Rock as Ernest Green became the first black to graduate from an Arkansas public school.
1961 - New Yorkers selected a new name for their new National League baseball franchise. They chose the Mets.
1967 - Muhammad Ali was indicted for refusing induction in U.S. Army.
1970 - Construction workers broke up an anti-war protest on New York City's Wall Street.
1973 - Militant American Indians who had held the South Dakota hamlet of Wounded Knee for 10 weeks surrendered.
1978 - David R. Berkowitz, known as the "Son of Sam," pled guilty to six murder charges.
1984 - The Soviet Union announced that they would not participate in the 1984 Summer Olympics Games in Los Angeles.
1984 - Joanie (Erin Moran) and Chachi (Scott Baio) got married on ABC-TV's "Happy Days."
1985 - "New Coke" was released to the public on the 99th anniversary of Coca-Cola.
1997 - Larry King received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1999 - The first female cadet graduated from The Citadel military college.
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May 9
1502 - Christopher Columbus left Spain for his final trip to the Western Hemisphere.
1754 - The first newspaper cartoon in America showed a divided snake "Join or die" in "The Pennsylvania Gazette."
1785 - Joseph Bramah patented the beer-pump handle.
1825 - The Chatham Theatre opened in New York City. It was the first gas-lit theater in America.
1926 - Americans Richard Byrd and Floyd Bennett became the first men to fly an airplane over the North Pole.
1930 - A starting gate was used to start a Triple Crown race for the first time.
1936 - Fascist Italy took Addis Abba and annexed Ethiopia.
1936 - The first sheet of postage stamps of more than one variety went on sale in New York City.
1940 - Vivien Leigh debuted in America on stage in "Romeo and Juliet" with Lawrence Olivier.
1941 - The German submarine U-110 was captured at sea by Britain's Royal navy.
1945 - U.S. officials announced that the midnight entertainment curfew was being lifted immediately.
1955 - West Germany joined NATO.
1958 - Richard Burton made his network television debut in the presentation of "Wuthering Heights" on CBS-TV.
1960 - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for sale an oral birth-control pill for the first time.
1961 - Jim Gentile (Baltimore Orioles) set a major league baseball record when he hit a grand slam home run in two consecutive innings. The game was against the Minnesota Twins.
1962 - A laser beam was successfully bounced off Moon for the first time.
1974 - The House Judiciary Committee began formal hearings on the Nixon impeachment.
1980 - A Liberian freighter hit the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay in Florida. 35 motorists were killed and a 1,400-foot section of the bridge collapsed.
1987 - Tom Cruise and Mimi Rogers were married.
1996 - In video testimony to a courtroom in Little Rock, AR, U.S. President Clinton insisted that he had nothing to do with a $300,000 loan in the criminal case against his former Whitewater partners.
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11 May 1987 - The first heart-lung transplant takes place (Baltimore, Maryland). The surgery is performed by Dr. Bruce Reitz, of Stanford University School of Medicine.
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May 11, 1965, My Sister, Susan was born.
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 I hope her b-day is celebrated with so much love ;)
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On May 11
1647 Peter Stuyvesant arrived in New Amsterdam (New York) to become governor.
1858 Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state.
1866 Confederate President Jefferson Davis becomes a free man after spending two years in prison for his role in the American Civil War.
1927 The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded.
1944 A major offensive was launched by the allied forces in central Italy.
1995 The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty was extended indefinitely. The treaty limited the spread of nuclear material for military purposes.
1996 An Atlanta-bound ValuJet DC-9 caught fire shortly after takeoff from Miami and crashed into the Florida Everglades. All 110 people on board were killed.
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May 12
1780 - Charleston, South Carolina fell to British forces.
1831 - Edward Smith became the first indicted bank robber in the U.S.
1847 - William Clayton invented the odometer.
1888 - Charles Sherrill of the Yale track team became the first runner to use the crouching start for a fast break in a foot race.
1926 - The airship Norge became the first vessel to fly over the North Pole.
1932 - The infant body of Charles and Anna Lindbergh's son was found just a few miles from the Lindbergh home near Hopewell, NJ.
1940 - The Nazi conquest of France began with the German army crossing Muese River.
1942 - The Soviet Army launched its first major offensive of World War II and took Kharkov in the eastern Ukraine from the German army.
1943 - The Axis forces in North Africa surrendered during World War II.
1949 - The Soviet Union announced an end to the Berlin Blockade.
1950 - The American Bowling Congress abolished its white males-only membership restriction after 34 years.
1957 - A.J. Foyt won his first auto racing victory in Kansas City, MO.
1970 - Ernie Banks, of the Chicago Cubs, hit his 500th home run.
1975 - U.S. merchant ship Mayaguez was seized by Cambodian forces in international waters.
1978 - The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced that they would no longer exclusively name hurricanes after women.
1992 - Four suspects were arrested in the beating of trucker Reginald Denny at the start of the Los Angeles riots.
2002 - Former U.S. President Carter arrived in Cuba for a visit with Fidel Castro. It was the first time a U.S. head of state, in or out of office, had gone to the island since Castro's 1959 revolution.
2003 - In Texas, fifty-nine Democratic lawmakers went into hiding over a dispute with Republican's over a congressional redistricting plan.
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13 May 1880 - In Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison performs the first test of his electric railway.
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I'm shocked, and I bet Thomas Edison was, too.
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LOL
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On May 14
1787 Delegates began gathering in Philadelphia for a convention to draw up the U.S. Constitution.
1897 "The Stars and Stripes Forever" by John Phillip Sousa was performed for the first time. It was at a ceremony where a statue of George Washington was unveiled.
1897 Guglielmo Marconi made the first communication by wireless telegraph.
1904 For the first time Olympic games were held in the U.S in St. Louis.
1940 The Netherlands surrendered to Nazi Germany.
1961 A bus carrying Freedom Riders was bombed and burned in Alabama.
1973 Skylab One was launched as the first U.S. manned space station.
1975 U.S. forces raided the Cambodian island of Koh Tang and recaptured the American merchant ship Mayaguez. All 40 crew members were released safely by Cambodia. About 40 U.S. servicemen were killed in the military operation.
1980 U.S. President Carter inaugurated the Department of Health and Human Services.
1992 Former Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev addressed members of the U.S. Congress, appealing to them to pass a bill to aid the people of the former Soviet Union.
1998 The TV series "Seinfeld" signed off after nine years on NBC.
1999 North Korea returned the remains of six U.S. soldiers that had been killed during the Korean War.
1999 Jess Marlow received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
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15 May 1940 - McDonald's is founded.
You want fries with that?
Oh, wait - this is more important:
15 May 1940 (same day!) - Nylon stockings go on sale for the first time in the United States.
Anybody know what NYLON stands for?
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Sheena 2.0™ edited this topic 61 months ago.
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On May 17
1756 Britain declared war on France, beginning the French and Indian War.
1792 The New York Stock Exchange was founded at 70 Wall Street by 24 brokers.
1875 The first Kentucky Derby was run at Louisville, KY.
1940 Germany occupied Brussels, Belgium and began the invasion of France.
1946 U.S. President Truman seized control of the nation's railroads, delaying a threatened strike by engineers and trainmen.
1954 The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled for school integration in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka. The ruling declared that racially segregated schools were inherently unequal.
1973 The U.S. Senate Watergate Committee began its hearings.
1980 Rioting erupted in Miami's Liberty City neighborhood after an all-white jury in Tampa acquitted four former Miami police officers of fatally beating black insurance executive, Arthur McDuffie. Eight people were killed in the rioting.
1985 Bobby Ewing died on the season finale of "Dallas" on CBS-TV. He returned the following season.
1987 An Iraqi warplane attacked the U.S. Navy frigate Stark in the Persian Gulf, killing 37 American sailors. Iraq and the United States called the attack a mistake.
1996 U.S. President Clinton signed a measure requiring neighborhood notification when sex offenders move in. Megan's Law was named for 7-year-old Megan Kanka, who was raped and killed in 1994.
1998 New York Yankees pitcher David Wells became the 13th player in modern major league baseball history to throw a perfect game.
2000 Thomas E. Blanton Jr. and David Luker surrendered to police in Birmingham, AL. The two former Ku Klux Klan members were arrested on charges from the bombing of a church in 1963 that killed four young black girls.
2001 The U.S. Postal Service issued a stamp based on Charles M. Schulz's "Peanuts" comic strip.
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Uh-oh, You forgot in 1999 when Makah Indians restarted their whale hunt off the coast of Washington. What a storm of controversy that was.
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18 May 1953 - Jackie Cochran becomes the first woman to break the sound barrier (she flew in a F-86 Sabrejet at an average speed of 652.337 miles per hour (1049.835 km/h) at Rogers Dry Lake, California).
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19 May 1992 - In a speech to the Commonwealth Club of California, Vice President Dan Quayle criticizes television character Murphy Brown for ignoring the importance of fathers and bearing a child alone.
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20 May 1927 - At 07:52 Charles Lindbergh takes off from Roosevelt Field in Long Island, New York, on the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean, touching down at Le Bourget Field in Paris at 22:22 the next day.
20 May 1932 - Amelia Earhart takes off from Newfoundland to begin the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean by a female pilot, landing in Ireland the next day.
20 May 1949 - the Armed Forces Security Agency (predecessor to the National Security Agency) is established.
20 May 2007 - Coastal Defenses Day is celebrated at Sandy Hook, NJ.
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21 May 1927 - Charles Lindbergh touchs down at Le Bourget Field in Paris, completing the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
21 May 1932 - Amelia Earhart, because of bad weather, lands in a pasture in Derry, Northern Ireland, becoming the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
21 May 1934 - Oskaloosa, Iowa, becomes the first municipality in the United States to fingerprint each of its citizens.
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This week, HistoryLink.org salutes the Seattle Aquarium, upon the 30th anniversary of its May 20, 1977, opening. Official birthday celebrations will be held next month to coincide with the opening of the aquarium's new "Windows on Washington Waters" exhibit, and to mark the completion of a major restoration project to historic Pier 59, seen above in a photo taken last year.
The Seattle Aquarium was not King County's first. That honor (not counting Vashon Island's Aquarium Post Office launched by postmaster Henry P. Fish in 1892, we kid you not) goes to local legend Ivar Haglund, who opened his aquarium next to Ye Olde Curiosity Shop in 1938. Nearly 30 years later, Ted Griffin operated the Seattle Marine Aquarium, which featured performances by the world's first captive killer whale, Namu.
Concern over the use and exploitation of Orca and other marine mammals led to the creation of a true public aquarium that would provide information about the Puget Sound region's rich aquatic environment. In 1968, voters approved funding for a new aquarium through the 1968 Forward Thrust bonds, but true to form, it took Seattle almost a decade to agree on a location.
Site on the Sound
Marine biologist, Pacific Science Center director, and future governor Dixy Lee Ray fought to put a research-oriented aquarium at Golden Gardens near Ballard, but Mayor Wes Uhlman felt that locating it on the downtown waterfront would better serve locals and boost tourism. The Seattle City Council first favored Ballard, but then flip-flopped and handed the victory to Uhlman. (Ray got her revenge by stinging Uhlman in the 1976 Democratic primary for governor.)
After it opened, the aquarium was an immediate success. During the past 30 years, more than 18.5 million visitors to the award-winning aquarium have seen additions, expansions, and an array of ground-breaking (surf-breaking?) exhibits and other explorations into the life aquatic. The new "Window on Washington Waters" exhibit will feature 120,000 gallons and daily dive shows to display Puget Sound's rich but endangered marine life through a 20-foot by 40- foot acrylic window that's nearly 12 inches thick.
For more history of the aquarium and its home on the waterfront, be sure to check out our three-part slide show here, here, and here. Better yet, you "otter" visit the aquarium in person and "sea" it for yourself.
The Rising Tide
Here at HistoryLink.org, we have our own reason to celebrate this week, with the addition of the 4,500th essay to our encyclopedia, i.e., Deputy Director's David Wilma's look back at an 1855 battle between Nisqually and Klickitat warriors and Territorial Volunteers in Pierce County. This is part of a concerted effort to reconcile numerous conflicting accounts of Washington's 1854-1856 "Indian Wars."
HistoryLink.org adds new essays virtually every day, and each week's additions are listed in the right-hand column of This Week Then. Other recent postings include Jim Kershner's overview of Spokane's Japanese community, Laura Arksey's history of Whitworth College, Frank Chesley's biographies of Gordon C. Culp and Ruby Chow, John Daughters' look back at Ellen Powell Dabney and Washington's Home Economics Movement, and Margaret Riddle's recounting of the firing of UW President Henry Suzzallo.
New People's Histories include ace memoirist Dorothea Nordstrand's remembrance of an old friend, Ralph Munro's solution to the mystery of the Swinging Chandelier, and Peter LeSourd's two-part history of CHECC and its effects upon Seattle politics. Finally, we've added essays on recent events, such as Daryl McClary's investigation into last year's tragic crane collapse in Bellevue and Alan Stein's peek into an unexpectedly bawdy time capsule that was opened last month.
Swept Away, Back Ashore
On the Waves: This week marks the May 19, 1792, anniversary of the first survey of Puget Sound, and there's a boatload of other maritime events to commemorate this week as well. The first lightship took station on Washington's outer coast on May 22, 1898, and a century and one day later, the U.S.S. Missouri bid bon voyage to Bremerton, her home for more than 50 years. On May 23, 1968, the ferry Yakima entered service from Seattle's Colman Dock, the spot of a tragic accident that occurred on May 19, 1912.
On the Map: On May 23, 1853, pioneers Arthur Denny, Carson Boren, and David "Doc" Maynard filed the street plans for the "Town of Seattle" along Elliott Bay. There was just one little problem: Their streets did not mesh along the diagonal line of Mill Street, now Yesler Way. Denny and Maynard argued over whether the street system should follow the topography or obey the compass. Maynard -- "stimulated by liquor," according to Denny -- refused to compromise and the resulting gridlock in Pioneer Square endures to this day.
In the Spotlight: Mary Pickford's stage tour of Coquette, which began successfully at Seattle's Metropolitan Theatre on May 20, 1935, effectively became her swan song and led to her retirement. Years later, the curtain fell on the theater itself when it was demolished to create a new entranceway for the Olympic Hotel. This week also marks the 25th anniversary of the hotel's May 23, 1982, reopening following an extensive renovation and restoration campaign.
In the Streets: On May 23, 1970, Seattle's first modern street fair was held in the University District. Leaders such as Andy Shiga and Cal McCune organized the event to help ease tensions on "the Ave" following the previous summer's youth-police clashes.
Stopping By: On May 23, 1903, Teddy Roosevelt paid his first visit to the Northwest and signed in as the inaugural guest at the Washington Hotel atop Denny Hill. He carried Washington in 1904 to win a second term, and dispatched the U.S. Navy's Great White Fleet from the Atlantic to the Pacific, including a tour of Puget Sound this week in 1908. The Bull Moose nominee returned to campaign for the presidency in 1912, but his Washington state plurality was not enough to return him to the White House.
Cleaning Up: On May 23, 1910, a small group of civic leaders and reformers founded the Municipal League of Seattle to promote "honest government," which wasn't always the rule at the time. Over the coming decades the Muni League found plenty of muck to rake and led bipartisan progressive pushes for numerous reforms and public enterprises, including City Light, Metro, Forward Thrust, and home rule in King County.
Smoking Clouds: The skies grew dark on May 23, 1944, when fire destroyed a lumber mill at Monohon, and grew even darker when the Seattle Cedar Manufacturing plant went up in flames on May 20, 1958. But when Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980, day turned into night.
Spoken Loud: On May 18, 1952, Paul Robeson performed at an outdoor concert for more than 25,000 people at Peace Arch Park in Blaine. His passport had been confiscated due to his political views, which prevented his entry into Canada. Two days later, he was almost barred from speaking and performing in Seattle, but he overcame cold-war hysteria to make his voice heard
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Quote of the Week
The sea, once it casts its spell, holds one in its net of wonder forever.
-- Jacques Cousteau
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Oh, smeg. I forgot. May 18,1980 Mt. St. Helens erupted at 8:32 a.m.
Here's the whole story.
On May 18, 1980 at 8:32 a.m., the earth rumbles underneath Mount St. Helens, a peak in Skamania County in southwestern Washington. Moments later an explosion blasts away a side of the mountain in a major volcanic eruption. The volcano causes the deaths of 57 people. The destruction is widespread but especially severe in Clark County as boiling gas and mud scour 200 square miles of forest and 30 miles of State Route 504. Some 1,000 miles of state highways and roads have to be closed, some for months, and highway repairs alone run into hundreds of millions of dollars.
Steam and Ash
The first visual signs of Mount St. Helens’ volcanic activity in 123 years occurred on March 27, 1980, when a steam explosion and crater opening occurred at the mountain’s peak. For the next few weeks steam and ash periodically vented out of the growing crater. A bulge on the mountain’s north side, noticed at the end of April 1980, grew larger and larger so that by mid-May the north side of Mount St. Helens bulged out 300 feet and increasing at a rate of five or six feet a day. This was caused by magma rising inside the mountain.
On Saturday May 17, Day Karr, age 37, took his two sons, Day Andrew and Michael Murray, for a weekend camping trip to Mount St. Helens. Day Karr, co-owner of a Seattle produce wholesaler called Sound Produce (1932 Occidental Ave S), lived at 3219 SW Point Place in Seattle. Andy, age 11, and Mike, age 9, lived with their mother, Barbara Karr, at 19025 SE Jones Road in Maple Valley. Day Karr and his boys enjoyed camping and they headed to one of their favorite campsites located 4 to 4 ½ miles northwest of Mt. St. Helens. Barbara Karr said, "They had camped there often before … I knew he was hoping to get some more pictures of the mountain. The boys were along because they loved to go camping with their father" (Post-Intelligencer June 15, 1980).
On a recent visit Day Karr had taken a photo of Mount St. Helens which he sold to a national wire service, and he was returning to the mountain hoping to get some more good shots. On the morning of May 18 the Karrs had gotten up early and were in their pickup truck when the mountain erupted.
The Volcano Erupts
As the northern top of the mountain started sliding to the north, the pressure of the rising magma inside the mountain was released. Several events happened almost simultaneously:
Sound and shock waves shot straight up towards the heavens.
At 660 degrees F., hot gases and pulverized pieces of the mountain were blasted to the north and swept along the ground at speeds of at least 300 mph. Within about a minute of the eruption, the Karr pickup truck was overwhelmed and its three occupants were killed. The lateral blast was so powerful that all trees and vegetation in a six mile radius to the north of Mount St. Helens, including where the Karrs were, vaporized.
In less than five minutes after the eruption, the seething blast continued out 18 to 23 miles from the mountain, killing nearly all vegetation. Trees, mainly Douglas Firs, some 200 feet high, were stripped of branches and bark and blown down like toothpicks. Some old growth trees were picked up, roots and all, and thrown over a ridge 1,500 feet high.
The top of the mountain, composed of rock debris, snow, and ice, rushed down the mountain at speeds up to 200 mph and over a portion of the lateral blast area. Most of the debris landslide flowed to the northwest following the North Fork of the Toutle River. In 10 minutes it had traveled 13 ½ miles. The mountain avalanche covered a 24 square mile area to an average thickness of 150 feet -- in some places it was 600 feet thick. In moments Mount St. Helens dropped from being the fifth highest mountain in Washington at 9,677 feet to being the 30th highest peak at 8,364 feet. The south side of the mountain lost 1,313 feet in elevation and the north side lost about 2,900 feet. The volcano left a crater more than a square mile wide, about the size of Seattle's downtown business area.
An ash plume roared out of the top of the mountain and within 15 minutes reached a height of 15 miles above the mountain. Prevailing winds blew dense clouds of black ash to the east that blocked the sun and turned day into total darkness over the land it crossed. Then a rain of powdery ash began to fall out of the "clouds" onto the countryside. In just over an hour the ash cloud reached Yakima 60 miles away and put the city in total darkness. The ash eruption continued roaring out of the mountain for 9 hours. Ash fell along the cloud’s route as far east as the Great Plains about 900 miles from the mountain. Within 10 miles of the mountain, 10 inches of ash accumulated on the ground. Within 60 miles the ash fall was one inch, within 300 miles, one-half inch. The ash cloud took three days to reach the East Coast and 15 days to circumnavigate the world.
Like Watching the End of the World
Lee Harris was driving near Auburn when the eruption began. He gave the following eyewitness account:
"I had just started to drive onto the overpass [over Valley Freeway] and there it was. It was almost like a motion picture, or, more accurately, a painting. There was such a surreal feel to it all, it was like watching the end of the world come slowly, and you could do nothing but watch. Once drivers noticed all the people watching from the road shoulders, they pulled over and hardly anyone was moving on the streets in Auburn. Everyone just stared with their mouths open in shock. I was late for work because I just couldn't pull myself away from the sight. You could feel the tension/excitement that rolled off everyone. It was so thick in the air that I could almost reach out with my hand and grab ahold of it" (Seattle Post-Intelligencer May 8, 2000).
It took about an hour for the sound and shock wave of the explosion to bounce off the upper atmosphere and reach as far as King County. Some residents heard a series of very loud "whumps" described as the sound of “heavy artillery fired [from] a short distance away” (Carson, 39). The shock waves rattled windows and caused dishes to fall from shelves. The sound of the Mount St. Helens eruption was heard as far away as Saskatchewan.
The disaster killed 57 people. One couple died while watching the eruption 25 miles away from the mountain. The deaths were caused by heat, by being buried under the debris avalanche, or by suffocation when ash raining down was inhaled. Amazingly, over the next two days from 125 to 150 survivors were rescued from the blast area.
Tragically, Day Karr’s hope of a photograph that could be sold nationally was realized when a photographer from the San Jose Mercury took a photograph of the Karr pickup truck showing the body of one of the children in the back of the truck.
A stunning 200-foot thick lahar (flow of mud, trees, ice, and debris) rushed down the Toutle River Valley at 10 to 25 mph and into the Cowlitz River. Eighteen hours after the flow started, it emptied into the Columbia River 75 miles from the mountain. The depth of the Columbia was reduced from 40 feet to 14 feet and shipping was blocked on the river for one week.
An Eerie Landscape
On May 20, Washington Governor Dixy Lee Ray flew over Mount St. Helens and on her return stated, "I feel like I’ve just come back from the moon." She described it as an "eerie, undulating landscape" (Post-Intelligencer May 21, 1980).
To give some sense of the enormity of the eruption and the destruction that it created, the Everett Herald imagined the crater of Mount St. Helens where the professional sports stadia are, just south of downtown Seattle. The newspaper assumed the terrain was the same as it was around the mountain before it erupted on May 18, 1980. Following is the Herald’s description of the area affected by the volcano:
“It would have, in moments, devastated with heat, ash, concussion and mud all of downtown Seattle, North Seattle [Shoreline] and beyond as far as Edmonds, some 20 miles to the north. The devastation would have crossed Puget Sound, smashed the northern third of Bainbridge Island and sent two huge mud flows crashing as far as Hood Canal.
Renton would have been inundated with mud. Kirkland and Bellevue would have been destroyed. The western shore of Lake Sammamish would have been devastated and the lake itself would be buried under a thick ash cover that would extend across the Cascade foothills to cover Skykomish and Index before continuing into Eastern Washington and beyond” (Everett Herald).
The following people were killed in the Mount St. Helens eruption:
BLACKBURN, Reid Turner, 27, Vancouver, WA, Photographer
BOWERS, Wallace Norwood, 41, Winlock, WA (Never Recovered)
CRALL, Terry A., 21, Kelso, WA
COLTEN, Joel K., 29, Wyncote, PA
CONNER, Ronald Lee, 43, Tacoma, WA
CROFT, Clyde Andrew, 36, Roy, WA
DIAS, Jose Arturo, Woodburn, WA, Logger
DILL, Ellen Loy, 53, Kirkland, WA (Never Recovered)
DILL, Robert, 61, Kirkland, WA (Never Recovered)
EDWARDS, Arlene H., 37, Portland, OR
EDWARDS, Jolene H., 19, Portland, OR
FADDIS, Bruce Edwards, 23, Bend, OR (Never Recovered)
FITZGERALD, James F., Jr., Moscow, ID
GADWA, Thomas G., 35, Montesano, WA, Logger (Never Recovered)
HANDY, Allen R., 34, Tacoma, WA
HIATT, Paul (Never Recovered)
JOHNSTON, David A., Menlo Park, CA, USGS Employee (Never Recovered)
KARR, Day Andrew, 37, Renton, WA
KARR, Day Bradley, Renton, WA
KARR, Michael Murray, Renton, WA
KASEWETER, Robert M., 39, Portland, OR (Never Recovered)
KILLIAN, Christy Liann, Vader, WA
KILLIAN, John G., 29, Vader, WA (Never Recovered)
KIRKPATRICK, Harold (Butch), 33, Newberg, OR
KIRKPATRICK, Joyce M., 33, Newberg, OR
LANDSBURG, Robert Emerson, Portland, OR, 48, Photographer
LYNDS, Robert, 25, Kelso, WA (Never Recovered)
MARTIN, Gerald O., 64, Concrete, WA
MOORE, Gerald Lloyd, Kelso, WA
MOORE, Keith A., 37, Kelso, WA (Never Recovered)
MOORE, Shirley, 49, Kelso, WA
MORRIS, Kevin Christopher, 7, Olympia, WA
MORRIS, Michele Lea, 9, Olympia, WA
MURPHY, Edward Joseph, 62, Renton, WA (Never Recovered)
MURPHY, Eleanor Jeanne, Renton, WA (Never Recovered)
PARKER, Donald R., 45, Portland, OR (See PARKER, Richard A.)
PARKER, Jean Isabell, 56, Portland, OR (SEE PARKER, William Paul)
PARKER, Natalie Ali, Westport, WA
PARKER, Richard A., 28, Shelton, WA (See PARKER, Donald R.)
PARKER, William Paul, 46, Portland, OR (See PARKER, Jean Isabell)
PLUARD, Merlin James, 60, Toledo, WA (Never Recovered)
PLUARD, Ruth Kathleen, Toledo, WA (Never Recovered)
ROLLINS, Fred D., 58, Hawthorne, CA
ROLLINS, Margery Ellen, Hawthorne, CA
SCHMIDT, Paul F., 29, Silverton, OR
SEIBOLD, Barbara Lea, Olympia, WA
SEIBOLD, Ronald Dale, 41, Olympia, WA
SELBY, Donald James, 48, Lake Stevens, WA
SHARIPOFF, Evlanty V., Mt. Angel, OR, Logger
SKOROHODOFF, Leonty V., 30, Woodburn WA, Logger
THAYER, Dale Douglas, 26, Kelso, WA (Never Recovered)
TRUMAN, Harry R., 83, Spirit Lake, WA (Never Recovered)
TUTE, James S., Canada (Never Recovered)
TUTE, Velvetia, Canada (Never Recovered)
VARNER, Karen Marie, 21, Kelso, WA
WETHERALD, Beverly C., Portland, OR (Never Recovered)
ZIMMERMAN, Klaus, Spokane, WA
My fault. I was on a library computer that only alloted me 15 minutes. That's why this is late.
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On June 2
1851 Maine became the first U.S. state to enact a law prohibiting alcohol.
1883 The first baseball game under electric lights was played in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
1886 Grover Cleveland became the first U.S. President to get married while in office.
1897 Mark Twain, at age 61, was quoted by the New York Journal as saying "the report of my death was an exaggeration." He was responding to the rumors that he had died.
1924 All American Indians were granted U.S. citizenship by the U.S. Congress.
1935 George Herman "Babe" Ruth announced that he was retiring from baseball.
1941 Lou Gehrig died in New York of a degenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
1966 Surveyor 1, the U.S. space probe, landed on the moon and started sending photographs back to Earth of the Moon's surface. It was the first soft landing on the Moon.
1995 Captain Scott F. O'Grady's U.S. Air Force F-16C was shot down by Bosnian Serbs. He was rescued six days later.
1997 Timothy McVeigh was found guilty of the bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City in which 168 people were killed.
1998 Voters in California passed Proposition 227. The act abolished the state's 30-year-old bilingual education program by requiring that all children be taught in English.
2003 In the U.S., federal regulators voted to allow companies to buy more television stations and newspaper-broadcasting combinations in the same city. The previous ownership restrictions had not been altered since 1975.
2003 The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that companies could not be sued under a trademark law for using information in the public domain without giving credit to the originator. The case had originated with 20th Century Fox against suing Dastar Corp. over their use of World War II footage.
2003 William Baily was reunited with two paintings he had left on a subway platform. One of the works was an original Picasso rendering of two male figures and a recreation of Picasso's "Guernica" by Sophie Matisse. Sophie Matisse was the great-granddaughter of Henri Matisse.
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On June 3
1621 The Dutch West India Company received a charter for New Netherlands (now known as New York).
1800 John Adams moved to Washington, DC. He was the first President to live in what later became the capital of the United States.
1851 The New York Knickerbockers became the first baseball team to wear uniforms.
1864 About 7,000 Union troops were killed within 30 minutes during the Battle of Cold Harbor in Virginia during the U.S. Civil War.
1871 Jesse James, then 24, and his gang robbed the Obocock bank in Corydon, Iowa. They stole $15,000.
1888 "Casey at the Bat", the poem by Ernest Lawrence Thayer, was first published.
1932 Lou Gehrig set a major-league baseball record when he hit four consecutive home runs.
1959 The first class graduated from the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, CO.
1965 Edward White became the first American astronaut to do a "space walk" when he left the Gemini 4 capsule.
1968 Andy Warhol was shot and critically wounded by Valerie Solanas in his New York film studio.
1974 Charles Colson, an aide to U.S. President Richard Nixon, pled guilty to obstruction of justice.
1983 Gordon Kahl was killed in a gun battle with law enforcement officials near Smithville, AK. Kahl was wanted for the slayings of two U.S. marshals in North Dakota.
1985 After five years, the characters of Nancy and Chris Hughes returned to CBS-TV's "As the World Turns".
1999 Slobodan Milosevic's government accepted an international peace plan concerning Kosovo. NATO announced that air strikes would continue until 40,000 Serb forces were withdrawn from Kosovo.
1999 Dennis Muren received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
2003 Sammy Sosa (Chicago Cubs) broke a bat when he grounded out against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. The bat he was using was a corked bat.
2003 Toys "R" Us, Inc. announced that it had signed a multi-year agreement with Albertson to become the exclusive toy provider for all of all of Albertson's food and drug stores.
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On June 4
1784 Marie Thible became the first woman to fly in a hot-air balloon. The flight was 45 minutes long and reached a height of 8,500 feet.
1816 The Washington was launched at Wheeling, WV. It was the first stately, double-decker steamboat.
1896 Henry Ford made a successful test drive of his new car in Detroit, MI.
1911 Gold was discovered in Alaska's Indian Creek.
1918 French and American troops halted Germany's offensive at Chateau-Thierry, France.
1919 The U.S. Senate passed the Women's Suffrage bill.
1924 An eternal light was dedicated at Madison Square Park in New York City in memory of all New York soldiers who died in World War I.
1931 The first rocket-glider flight was made by William Swan in Atlantic City, NJ.
1939 The first shopping cart was introduced by Sylvan Goldman in Oklahoma City, OK. It was actually a folding chair that had been mounted on wheels.
1942 The Battle of Midway began. It was the first major victory for America over Japan during World War II. The battle ended on June 6 and halted Japanese expansion in the Pacific.
1974 The Cleveland Indians had "Ten Cent Beer Night". Due to the drunken and unruly fans, the Indians forfeited to the Texas Rangers.
1986 Jonathan Jay Pollard, a former Navy intelligence analyst, pled guilty in Washington to spying for Israel. He was sentenced to life in prison.
1992 The U.S. Postal Service announced that people preferred the "younger Elvis" stamp design in a nationwide vote.
1998 George and Ira Gershwin received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
2000 Julius "Dr. J" Erving reported his 19-year-old son, Cory, missing. His body was found on July 6, 2000.
2003 Martha Stewart was indicted on federal charges of using illegal privileged information and then obrstructing an investigation. She resigned as chairman and chief executive officer of her company the same day.
2003 The U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill that would ban "partial birth" abortions with a 282-139 vote.
2003 Amazon.com announced that it had received more than 1 million orders for the book "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix." The release date was planned for June 21.
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June 5
1637 - American settlers in New England massacred a Pequot Indian village.
1752 - Benjamin Franklin flew a kite for the first time to demonstrate that lightning was a form of electricity.
1794 - The U.S. Congress prohibited citizens from serving in any foreign armed forces.
1851 - Harriet Beecher Stow published the first installment of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in "The National Era."
1865 - The first safe deposit vault was opened in New York. The charge was $1.50 a year for every $1,000 that was stored.
1884 - U.S. Civil War General William T. Sherman refused the Republican presidential nomination, saying, "I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected."
1917 - American men began registering for the World War I draft.
1924 - Ernst F. W. Alexanderson transmitted the first facsimile message across the Atlantic Ocean.
1927 - Johnny Weissmuller set two world records in swimming events. Weissmuller set marks in the 100-yard, and 200-yard, free-style swimming competition.
1933 - President Roosevelt signed the bill that took the U.S. off of the gold standard.
1940 - During World War II, the Battle of France began when Germany began an offensive in Southern France.
1944 - The first B-29 bombing raid hit the Japanese rail line in Bangkok, Thailand.
1946 - The first medical sponges were first offered for sale in Detroit, MI.
1947 - U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall gave a speech at Harvard University in which he outlined the Marshall Plan.
1967 - The National Hockey League (NHL) awarded three new franchises. The Minnesota North Stars (later the Dallas Stars), the California Golden Seals (no longer in existence) and the Los Angeles Kings.
1968 - U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy was mortally shot in Los Angeles by Sirhan Sirhan. Kennedy died early the next morning.
1973 - The first hole-in-one in the British Amateur golf championship was made by Jim Crowford.
1981 - In the U.S., the Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported that five men in Los Angeles were suffering from a rare pneumonia found in patients with weakened immune systems. They were the first recognized cases of what came to be known as AIDS.
1986 - A federal jury in Baltimore convicted Ronald W. Pelton of selling secrets to the Soviet Union. Pelton was sentenced to three life prison terms plus 10 years.
1987 - Ted Koppel and guests discussed the topic of AIDS for four hours on ABC-TV’s "Nightline".
1998 - A strike began at a General Motors Corp. parts factory near Detroit, MI, that closed five assembly plants and idled workers across the U.S. for seven weeks.
1998 - C-Span reported that Bob Hope had died. The report was false and had begun with an inaccurate obituary on the Associated Press Web site.
1998 - A strike at a General Motors parts factory began. It lasted for seven weeks.
2001 - Amazon.com announced that it would begin selling personal computers later in the year.
2004 - The U.S.S. Jimmy Carter was christened in the U.S. Navy in Groton, CT.
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6 June 1944 - World War II: Battle of Normandy begins. D-Day, code named Operation Overlord, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.
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On June 6
1813 The U.S. invasion of Canada was halted at Stony Creek, Ontario.
1833 Andrew Jackson became the first U.S. President to ride in a train. It was a B&O passenger train.
1882 The first electric iron was patented by H.W. Seely.
1904 The National Tuberculosis Association was formed in Atlantic City, NJ.
1925 Chrysler Corporation was founded by Walter Percy Chrysler.
1930 Frozen foods were sold commercially for the first time.
1932 The first federal tax on gasoline went into effect. It was a penny per gallon.
1933 In Camden, New Jersey the first drive-in movie theater opened.
1942 Japanese forces retreated in the World War II Battle of Midway. The battle had begun on June 4.
1944 The D-Day invasion of Europe took place on the beaches of Normandy, France. 400,000 Allied American, British and Canadian troops were involved.
1946 The Basketball Association of America was formed in New York City, NY.
1966 James Meridith was shot and wounded while on a solo march in Mississippi to promote voter registration among blacks.
1968 U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy died at 1:44am in Los Angeles after being shot by Sirhan Sirhan.
1971 "The Ed Sullivan Show" aired for the last time. It was cancelled after 23 years on the air. Gladys Knight and the Pips were the musical guests on show.
2001 U.S. District Court Judge Matsch rejected a request to delay the execution of convicted Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh. The date was left at June 11.
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June 7
1498 - Christopher Columbus left on his third voyage of exploration.
1712 - The Pennsylvania Assembly banned the importation of slaves.
1775 - The United Colonies changed their name to the United States.
1776 - Richard Henry Lee of Virginia proposed to the Continental Congress a resolution calling for a Declaration of Independence.
1892 - J.F. Palmer patented the cord bicycle tire.
1892 - John Joseph Doyle became the first pinch-hitter in baseball when he was used in a game.
1909 - Mary Pickford made her motion picture debut in "The Violin Maker of Cremona."
1932 - Over 7,000 war veterans marched on Washington, DC, demanding their bonuses.
1937 - The cover of "LIFE" magazine showed the latest in campus fashions of the times, which included saddle shoes.
1939 - King George VI and his wife, Queen Elizabeth, arrived in the U.S. It was the first visit to the U.S. by a reigning British monarch.
1942 - The Battle of Midway ended. The sea and air battle lasted 4 days. Japan lost four carriers, a cruiser, and 292 aircraft, and suffered 2,500 casualties. The U.S. lost the Yorktown, the destroyer USS Hammann, 145 aircraft, and suffered 307 casualties.
1942 - Japan landed troops on the islands of Attu and Kiska in the Aleutians. The U.S. invaded and recaptured the Alutians one year later.
1944 - Off of the coast of Normandy, France, the Susan B. Anthony sank. All 2,689 people aboard survived.
1955 - "The $64,000 Question" premiered.
1965 - Sony Corporation unveiled its brand new consumer home videotape recorder. The black and white only unit sold for $995.
1965 - In the U.S., the Gemini 4 mission was completed. The mission featured the first spacewalk by an American.
1968 - In Operation Swift Saber, U.S. Marines swept an area 10 miles northwest of Danang in South Vietnam.
1976 - "The NBC Nightly News", with John Chancellor and David Brinkley, aired for the first time.
1993 - Woody Allen lost his custody battle against Mia Farrow.
1994 - The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia declared the RMS Titanic, Inc. (RMST) salvor-in-possession of the wreck and the wreck site of the RMS Titanic.
1998 - James Byrd Jr., at age 49, was murdered in Jasper, TX. Byrd had been dragged to death behind a pickup truck. On February 25, 1999 William King was sentenced to the death penalty for the racial crime while two other men charged awaited trial.
2000 - U.S. Federal Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson ordered the breakup of Microsoft Corporation.
2002 - Michael Skakel was convicted of beating his neighbor Martha Moxley to death in 1975. The two were 15 years old at the time.
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June 8
1786 - In New York City, commercial ice cream was manufactured for the first time.
1790 - The first loan for the U.S. was repaid. The Temporary Loan of 1789 was negotiated and secured on September 18, 1789 by Alexander Hamilton.
1861 - Tennessee voted to secede from the Union and joined the Confederacy.
1869 - Ives W. McGaffey received a U.S. patent for the suction vacuum cleaner.
1872 - The penny postcard was authorized by the U.S. Congress.
1904 - U.S. Marines landed in Tangiers, Morocco, to protect U.S. citizens.
1915 - U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigned in a disagreement over U.S. handling of the sinking of the Lusitania.
1947 - "Lassie" debuted on ABC radio. It was a 15-minute show.
1948 - Milton Berle hosted "Texaco Star Theater" NBC-TV. It was the show's debut.
1953 - The U.S. Supreme Court outlawed segregated restaurants in Washington, DC.
1961 - The Milwaukee Braves set a major league baseball record when four consecutive home runs in the seventh inning.
1965 - U.S. troops in South Vietnam were given orders to begin fighting offensively.
1967 - Israeli airplanes attacked the USS Liberty in the Mediterranean during the 6-Day War between Israel and its Arab neighbors. 34 U.S. Navy crewmen were killed. Israel later called the incident a tragic mistake due to the mis-identification of the ship. The U.S. has never publicly investigated the incident.
1968 - James Earl Ray was captured at the London Airport. He was suspected of assassinating Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
1969 - The New York Yankees retired Mickey Mantle's number (7).
1969 - It was announced that there would be a single schedule for both the NFL and AFL.
1969 - U.S. President Richard Nixon met with President Thieu of South Vietnam to tell him 25,000 U.S. troops would pull out by August.
1978 - A jury in Clark County, Nevada, ruled that the "Mormon will," was a forgery. The work was supposedly written by Howard Hughes.
1982 - U.S. President Reagan became the first American chief executive to address a joint session of the British Parliament.
1986 - The Boston Celtics won their 16th NBA championship.
1987 - Fawn Hill began testifying in the Iran-Contra hearings. She said that she had helped to shred some documents.
1991 - A victory parade was held in Washington, DC, to honor veterans of the Persian Gulf War.
1994 - The warring factions in Bosnia agreed to a one-month cease-fire.
1995 - U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady was rescued by U.S. Marines after surviving alone in Bosnia after his F-16 fighter was shot down on June 2.
1998 - The National Rifle Association elected Charlton Heston to be its president.
1998 - In the U.S., the FTC brought an antitrust complaint against Intel Corp., alleging its policies punished other developers of microprocessor chips.
1998 - Honda agreed to pay $17.1 million for disconnecting anti-pollution devices in 1.6 million cars.
1998 - The space shuttle Discovery pulled away from Mir, ending America's three-year partnership with Russia.
2000 - The Dallas Stars and the New Jersey Devils played the NHL's longest scoreless game in Stanley Cup finals history. The fifth game of the series lasted 106 minutes and 21 seconds. The game ended with a goal by Mike Madano that allowed the Stars to play a game six back in Dallas.
2001 - Marc Chagall's painting "Study for 'Over Vitebsk" was stolen from the Jewish Museum in New York City. The 8x10 painting was valued at about $1 million. A group called the International Committee for Art and Peace later announced that they would return the painting after the Israelis and Palestinians made peace.
2004 - Nate Olive and Sarah Jones began the first known continuous hike of the 1,800-mile trail down the U.S. Pacific Coast. They completed the trek at the U.S.-Mexico border on September 28.
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June 9
1534 - Jacques Cartier became the first to sail into the river he named Saint Lawrence.
1790 - John Barry copyrighted "Philadelphia Spelling Book." It was the first American book to be copyrighted.
1860 - The book, "Malaeska, the Indian Wife of the White Hunter" by Mrs. Ann Stevens, was offered for sale for a dime. It was the first published "dime novel."
1861 - Mary Ann "Mother" Bickerdyke began working in Union hospitals.
1931 - Robert H. Goddard patented a rocket-fueled aircraft design.
1934 - Donald Duck made his debut in the Silly Symphonies cartoon "The Wise Little Hen."
1940 - Norway surrendered to the Nazis during World War II.
1943 - The withholding tax on payrolls was authorized by the U.S. Congress.
1945 - Japanese Premier Kantaro Suzuki declared that Japan would fight to the last rather than accept unconditional surrender.
1946 - Mel Ott (with the New York Giants) became the first manager to be ejected from a doubleheader (both games).
1953 - A tornado struck Worcester, Massachusetts, killing about 100 people.
1959 - The first ballistic missile carrying submarine, the USS George Washington, was launched.
1965 - Michel Jazy ran the mile in 3 minutes, 53.6 seconds. He broke the record set by Peter Snell in 1964.
1972 - American advisor John Paul Vann was killed in a helicopter accident in Vietnam.
1978 - Leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints struck down a 148-year-old policy of excluding black men from the Mormon priesthood.
1980 - Richard Pryor was severely burned by a "free-base" mixture that exploded. He was hospitalized more than two months.
1985 - Thomas Sutherland, an American educator, was kidnapped in Lebanon. He was not released until November 1991.
1985 - The Los Angeles Lakers won the NBA title by defeating the Boston Celtics.
1986 - The Rogers Commission released a report on the Challenger disaster. The report explained that the spacecraft blew up as a result of a failure in a solid rocket booster joint.
1998 - In Jasper, TX, three white men were charged in the dragging death of African-American James Byrd Jr.
1999 - NATO and Yugoslavia signed a peace agreement over Kosovo.
2000 - The U.S. Justice Department announced that it had not uncovered reliable evidence of conspiracy behind 1968 assissination of Martin Luther King Jr.
2000 - Canada and the United States signed a border security agreement. The agreement called for the establishment of a border-enforcement team.
2000 - The U.S. House of Representatives voted to repeal gift and estate taxes. The bill called for the taxes to be phased out over 10 years.
2001 - Patrick Roy (Colorado Avalanche) became the first National Hockey League (NHL) player to win three Conn Smythe Trophies. The award is given to the playoff's Most Valuable Player.
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10 June 1991 - In what was dubbed "The Mother of All Parades," New York City hosts a parade welcoming back troops from Operation Desert Storm.
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11 June 1970 - After being appointed on May 15, Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington officially receive their ranks as U.S. Army Generals, becoming the first females to do so.
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On June 10
1776 The Continental Congress appointed a committee to write a Declaration of Independence.
1801 The North African State of Tripoli declared war on the U.S. The dispute was over merchant vessels being able to travel safely through the Mediterranean.
1889 Hattie McDaniel was born. She, for her role in Gone With the Wind, was the first African-American to win an Academy Award.
1898 U.S. Marines landed in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
1902 The "outlook" or "see-through" envelope was patented by Americus F. Callahan.
1920 The Republican convention in Chicago endorsed woman suffrage.
1925 The state of Tennessee adopted a new biology textbook that denied the theory of evolution.
1935 Alcoholic Anonymous was founded by William G. Wilson and Dr. Robert Smith.
1943 The Allies began bombing Germany around the clock.
1944 The youngest pitcher in major league baseball pitched his first game. Joe Nuxhall was 15 years old (and 10 months and 11 days).
1948 Chuck Yeager exceeded the speed of sound in the Bell XS-1.
1954 General Motors announced the gas turbine bus had been produced successfully.
1964 Capitol Records released the Beatles' single "A Hard Days Night" and the album of the same name.
1970 A fifteen-man group of special forces troops began training for Operation Kingpin. The operation was a POW rescue mission in North Vietnam.
1971 The U.S. ended it's 21-year trade embargo of China.
1977 James Earl Ray escaped with 6 others from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Tennessee. Ray was recaptured June 13, 1977.
1984 The U.S. Army successfully tested an antiballistic missile.
1987 An earthquake hit 15 states from Iowa to South Carolina.
1993 It was announced by scientists that genetic material was extracted from an insect that lived when dinosaurs roamed the Earth.
1998 The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that poor children in Milwaukee could attend religious schools at the taxpayer's expense.
1999 NATO suspended air strikes in Yugoslavia after Slobodan Milosevic agreed to withdraw his forces from Kosovo.
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June 11
1776 - In America, the Continental Congress formed a committee to draft a Declaration of Independence from Britain.
1793 - Robert Haeterick was issued the first patent for a stove.
1880 - Jeanette Rankin was born. She became the first woman elected to the U.S. Congress.
1889 - The Washington Business High School opened in Washington, DC. It was the first school devoted to business in the U.S.
1895 - Charles E. Duryea received the first U.S. patent granted to an American inventor for a gasoline-driven automobile.
1912 - Silas Christoferson became the first pilot to take off from the roof of a hotel.
1919 - Sir Barton became the first horse to capture the Triple Crown when he won the Belmont Stakes in New York City.
1927 - Charles A. Lindberg was presented the first Distinguished Flying Cross.
1936 - The Presbyterian Church of America was formed in Philadelphia, PA.
1942 - The U.S. and the Soviet Union signed a lend lease agreement to aid the Soviets in their effort in World War II.
1943 - During World War II, the Italian island of Pantelleria surrendered after a heavy air bombardment.
1947 - The U.S. government announced an end sugar rationing.
1950 - Ben Hogan returned to tournament play after a near fatal car accident. He won the U.S. Open.
1963 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested in Florida for trying to integrate restaurants.
1963 - Alabama Gov. George Wallace allowed two black students to enroll at the University of Alabama.
1972 - Hank Aaron tied the National League record for 14 grand-slam home runs in a career.
1973 - After a ruling by the Justice Department of the State of Pennsylvania, women were licensed to box or wrestle.
1981 - The first major league baseball player's strike began. It would last for two months.
1982 - Steven Spielberg's movie "E.T." opened.
1985 - Karen Ann Quinlan died at age 31. Quinlan was a comatose patient whose case prompted a historic right-to-die court decision.
1990 - The U.S. Supreme Court struck down a law that would prohibit the desecration of the American Flag.
1993 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that people who commit "hate crimes" could be sentenced to extra punishment. The court also ruled in favor of religious groups saying that they indeed had a constitutional right to sacrifice animals during worship services.
1993 - Steven Spielberg's movie "Jurassic Park" opened.
1998 - Mitsubishi of America agreed to pay $34 million to end the largest sexual harassment case filed by the U.S. government. The federal lawsuit claimed that hundreds of women at a plant in Normal, IL, had endured groping and crude jokes from male workers.
2001 - Timothy McVeigh was executed by the U.S. federal government for his role in the bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City.
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June 12
1665 - England installed a municipal government in New York, the former Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam.
1838 - The Iowa Territory was organized.
1839 - Abner Doubleday created the game of baseball, according to the legend. However, evidence has surfaced that indicates that the game of baseball was played before 1800.
1849 - The gas mask was patented by L.P. Haslett.
1901 - Cuba agreed to become an American protectorate by accepting the Platt Amendment.
1912 - Lillian Russel retired from the stage and was married for the fourth time.
1918 - The first airplane bombing raid by an American unit occurred on World War I's Western Front in France.
1921 - U.S. President Warren Harding urged every young man to attend military training camp.
1923 - Harry Houdini, while suspended upside down 40 feet above the ground, escaped from a strait jacket.
1931 - Al Capone and 68 of his henchmen were indicted for violating U.S. Prohibition laws.
1935 - U.S. Senator Huey Long of Louisiana made the longest speech on Senate record. The speech took 15 1/2 hours and was filled by 150,000 words.
1939 - The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum was dedicated in Cooperstown, New York. This was exactly one hundred years to the day on which the game was invented by Abner Doubleday.
1941 - In London, the Inter-Allied Declaration was signed. It was the first step towards the establishment of the United Nations.
1948 - Ben Hogan won his first U.S. Open golf classic.
1963 - "Cleopatra" starring Elizabeth Taylor, Rex Harrison, and Richard Burton premiered at the Rivoli Theatre in New York City.
1963 - Civil rights leader Medgar Evers was fatally shot in front of his home in Jackson, MS.
1967 - State laws which prohibited interracial marriages were ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.
1971 - Tricia Nixon and Edward F. Cox were married in the White House Rose Garden.
1978 - David Berkowitz, the "Son of Sam" killer in New York, was sentenced to 25 years to life in prison for six killings.
1981 - Major league baseball players began a 49 day strike. The issue was free-agent compensation.
1982 - 75,000 people rallied against nuclear weapons in New York City's Central Park. Jackson Browne, James Taylor, Bruce Springsteen, and Linda Ronstadt were in attendance.
1985 - Wayne "The Great One" Gretsky was named winner of the NHL's Hart Trophy. The award is given to the the league Most Valuable Player.
1985 - The U.S. House of Representatives approved $27 million in aid to the Nicaraguan contras.
1987 - U.S. President Reagan publicly challenged Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.
1991 - The Chicago Bulls won their first NBA championship. The Bulls beat the Los Angeles Lakers four games to one.
1992 - In a letter to the U.S. Senate, Russian Boris Yeltsin stated that in the early 1950's the Soviet Union had shot down nine U.S. planes and held 12 American survivors.
1994 - Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman were murdered outside her home in Los Angeles. O.J. Simpson was later acquitted of the killings, but he was held liable in a civil suit.
1996 - In Philadelphia a panel of federal judges blocked a law against indecency on the internet. The panel said that the 1996 Communications Decency Act would infringe upon the free speech rights of adults.
1997 - Interleague play began in baseball, ending a 126-year tradition of separating the major leagues until the World Series.
1997 - The U.S. Treasury Department unveiled a new $50 bill meant to be more counterfeit-resistant.
1998 - Compaq Computer paid $9 billion for Digital Equipment Corp. in largest high-tech acquisition.
1998 - A jury in Hattiesburg, MS, convicted 17-year-old Luke Woodham of killing two students and wounding seven others at Pearl High School.
1999 - NATO peacekeeping forces entered the province of Kosovo in Yugoslavia.
2003 - In Arkansas, Terry Wallis spoke for the first time in nearly 19 years. Wallis had been in a coma since July 13, 1984, after being injured in a car accident.
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On June 13
1789 Ice cream was served to General George Washington by Mrs. Alexander Hamilton.
1825 Walter Hunt patented the safety pin, he then sold the rights for $400.
1888 The U.S. Congress created the Department of Labor.
1912 Captain Albert Berry made the first successful parachute jump from an airplane in Jefferson, Mississippi.
1920 The U.S. Post Office Department ruled that children may not be sent by parcel post.
1922 Charlie Osborne started the longest attack of hiccups. He hiccupped over 435 million times before stopping. He died in 1991, 11 months after his hiccups ended.
1927 Charles Lindbergh was honored with a ticker-tape parade in New York City.
1927 An American Flag was displayed from the right hand of the Statue of Liberty for the first time.
1940 Paris was evacuated before the German advance on the city.
1943 German spies landed on Long Island, New York. They were soon captured.
1966 The landmark "Miranda vs. Arizona" decision was issued by the U.S. Supreme Court. The decision ruled that criminal suspects had to be informed of their constitutional rights before being questioned by police.
1967 General Thurgood Marshall was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
1971 The New York Times began publishing the "Pentagon Papers." The articles were a secret study of America's involvement in Vietnam.
1983 The unmanned U.S. space probe, Pioneer 10, became the first spacecraft to leave the solar system. It was launched in 1972.
1988 The Ligger Group, a cigarette manufacturer, was found liable for a lung-cancer death. They were, however, found innocent by the federal jury of misrepresenting the risks of smoking.
1997 The same Denver jury that convicted Timothy McVeigh of the 1995 bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City recommended the death penalty for his crime.
2000 Julius "Dr. J." Erving issued a public appeal for help finding his 19-year-old son, Cory. Cory had been missing since May 28, 2000. His body was found July 6, 2000.
2000 In Pyongyang, North Korea's leader Kim Jong Il welcomed South Korea's President Kim Dae for a three-day summit. It was the first such meeting between the leaders of North and South Korea.
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June 14
1775 - The Continental Army was founded by the Continental Congress for purposes of common defense. This event is considered to be the birth of the United States Army. On June 15, George Washington was appointed commander-in-chief.
1777 - The Continental Congress in Philadelphia adopted the "Stars and Stripes" as the national flag of the United States.
1834 - Cyrus Hall McCormick received a patent for his reaping machine.
1834 - Isaac Fischer Jr. patented sandpaper.
1846 - A group of U.S. settlers in Sonoma proclaimed the Republic of California.
1864 - Alois Alzheimer was born. He was a psychiatrist/pathologist, and in 1907 he wrote an article describing the disease that is named for him.
1893 - Philadelphia observed the first Flag Day.
1900 - Hawaii became a U.S. territory.
1917 - General John Pershing arrived in Paris during World War I.
1919 - The first non-stop trans-Atlantic flight began. Captain John Alcot and Lt. Arthur Brown flew from Newfoundland to Ireland.
1922 - Warren G. Harding became the first U.S. president to be heard on radio. The event was the dedication of the Francis Scott Key memorial at Fort McHenry.
1927 - Nicaraguan President Adolfo Diaz signed a treaty with the U.S. allowing American intervention in his country.
1932 - U.S. Representative Edward Eslick died on the floor of the House of Representatives while pleading for the passage of the bonus bill.
1940 - The Nazis opened their concentration camp at Auschwitz in German-occupied Poland.
1940 - German troops entered Paris. As Paris became occupied loud speakers announced the implementation of a curfew being imposed for 8 p.m.
1943 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that schoolchildren could not be made to salute the U.S. flag if doing so conflicted with their religious beliefs.
1944 - Sixty U.S. B-29 Superfortress' attacked an iron and steel works factory on Honshu Island. It was the first U.S. raid against mainland Japan.
1951 - "Univac I" was unveiled. It was a computer designed for the U.S. Census Bureau and billed as the world's first commercial computer.
1952 - The Nautilus was dedicated. It was the first nuclear powered submarine.
1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed an order adding the words "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance.
1954 - Americans took part in the first nation-wide civil defense test against atomic attack.
1965 - A military triumvirate took control in Saigon, South Vietnam.
1967 - Mariner 5 was launched from Cape Kennedy, FL. The space probe's flight took it past Venus.
1983 - Five people were killed in a wing of a Ramada Inn in Fort Worth, TX. The fire began in stacked rolls of carpet and padding, the fumes that ensued were toxic.
1985 - The 17-day hijacking of TWA flight 847 began. The hijackers were Lebanese Shiite Muslim extremists.
1987 - The Los Angeles Lakers won the NBA title by defeating the defending Boston Celtics.
1989 - Former U.S. President Reagan received an honorary knighthood from Britain's Queen Elizabeth II.
1989 - Zsa Zsa Gabor was arrested in Beverly Hills for slapping a motorcycle policeman.
1990 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld police checkpoints that are used to examine drivers for signs of intoxication.
1992 - The Chicago Bulls won the NBA championship beating the Portland Trailblazers.
1994 - The New York Rangers won the Stanley Cup by defeating the Vancouver Canucks. It was the first time the Rangers had won the cup in 54 years.
1996 - The FBI released that the White House had done bureau background reports on at least 408 people without justification.
2002 - Twelve people were killed and 50 were injured when a car bomb was used to attack the U.S. consulate in Karachi, Pakistan.
2002 - Actor Kirk Douglas received the UCLA Medal. The award is presented to people for cultural, political and humanitarian achievements.
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Don't Forget: June 14, 2007
KayCee Connell (aka purplewon2000) Graduates from HIghline College!!
YYYYYYYAAAAAAAAAYYYYYYYYY!!!!!!!!
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Super Congrats KC!
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June 15
1607 - Colonists in North America completed James Fort in Jamestown.
1752 - Benjamin Franklin experimented by flying a kite during a thunderstorm. The result was a little spark that showed the relationship between lightning and electricity.
1775 - George Washington was appointed head of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress.
1836 - Arkansas became the 25th U.S. state.
1844 - Charles Goodyear was granted a patent for the process that strengthens rubber.
1846 - The United States and Britain settled a boundary dispute concerning the boundary between the U.S. and Canada, by signing a treaty.
1864 - An order to establish a military burial ground was signed by Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. The location later became known as Arlington National Cemetery.
1877 - Henry O. Flipper became the first African American to graduate from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
1898 - The U.S. House of representatives approved the annexation of Hawaii.
1904 - The steamboat General Slocum erupted in fire killing more than 1,000 in New York City's East River.
1909 - Benjamin Shibe patented the cork center baseball.
1911 - The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. was incorporated in the state of New York. The company was later renamed International Business Machines (IBM) Corp.
1916 - U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signed a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America.
1919 - Captain John Alcock and Lt. Arthur W. Brown won $50,000 for successfully completing the first, non-stop trans-Atlantic plane flight.
1932 - Gaston Means was sentenced to 15 years for fraud in the Lindbergh baby kidnapping.
1938 - Johnny Vandemeer, of the Cincinnati Reds, pitched his second straight no-hitter.
1944 - American forces began their successful invasion of Saipan during World War II.
1978 - King Hussein of Jordan married 26-year-old American Lisa Halaby, who became Queen Noor.
1983 - The U.S. Supreme Court reinforced its position on abortion by striking down state and local restriction on abortions.
1985 - U.S. Navy diver Robert D. Stethem was killed by the hijackers of Flight 847.
1992 - It was ruled by the U.S. Supreme Court that the government could kidnap criminal suspects from foreign countries for prosecution.
1992 - U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle instructed a student to spell "potato" with an "e" on the end during a spelling bee. He had relied on a faulty flash card that had been written by the student's teacher.
1995 - During the O.J. Simpson murder trial, O.J. was asked to put on a pair of gloves. The gloves were said to have been worn by the killer on the night of the murders of Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman. The gloves appeared not to fit.
1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state prison inmates are protected by the Americans with Disabilities Act.
1999 - South Korean naval forces sank a North Korean torpedo boat during an exchange in the disputed Yellow Sea.
2006 - The U.S. Supreme Court said that judges cannot throw out evidence collected by police who have search warrants but do not properly announced their arrival.
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On June 16
1858 In a speech in Springfield, IL, U.S. Senate candidate, Abraham Lincoln, said the slavery issue had to be resolved. He declared, "A house divided against itself cannot stand."
1883 The New York Giants baseball team admitted all ladies for free to the ballpark. It was the first Ladies Day.
1903 Ford Motor Company was incorporated. The ten employees began producing the company's first car, the Model A.
1910 The first Father's Day was celebrated in Spokane, Washington.
1922 Henry Berliner accomplished the first helicopter flight at College Park, MD.
1952 Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl was published in the United States.
1971 An El Greco sketch, "The Immaculate Conception," was recovered in New York City by the FBI. The work had been stolen 35 years earlier.
1978 The film adaptation of "Grease" premiered in New York City.
1981 The "Chicago Tribune" purchased the Chicago Cubs baseball team from the P.K. Wrigley Chewing Gum Company for $20.5 million.
1985 Willie Banks broke the world record for the triple jump with a leap of 58 feet, 11-1/2 inches in the U.S.A. championships in Indianapolis, IN.
1987 A jury in New York acquitted Bernhard Goetz of attempted murder in the subway shooting of four young African Americans he said were going to rob him. He was convicted of illegal possession of a weapon. Also, in 1996 a civil jury ordered Goetz to pay $43 million to one of the people he shot.
1999 The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said that a 1992 federal music piracy law does not prohibit a palm-sized device that can download high-quality digital music files from the Internet.
2000 U.S. federal regulators approved the merger of Bell Atlantic and GTE Corp. The merger created the nation's largest local phone company.
2000 U.S. Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson reported that an employee at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico had discovered that two computer hard drives were missing.
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On June 17
1837 Charles Goodyear received a patent for rubber.
1856 The Republican Party opened its first national convention in Philadelphia.
1861 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln witnessed Dr. Thaddeus Lowe demonstrate the use of a hot-air balloon.
1876 General George Crook’s command was attacked and bested on the Rosebud River by 1,500 Sioux and Cheyenne under the leadership of Crazy Horse.
1885 The Statue of Liberty arrived in New York City aboard the French ship Isere.
1928 Amelia Earhart became the first woman to successfully fly across the Atlantic Ocean.
1950 Dr. Richard H. Lawler performed the first kidney transplant in a 45-minute operation in Chicago, IL.
1963 The U.S. Supreme Court banned the required reading of the Lord's prayer and Bible in public schools.
1972 Five men were arrested for burglarizing the Democratic Party Headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington, DC. The event was the beginning of the Watergate affair.
1994 O.J. Simpson drove his Ford Bronco across Los Angeles with police in pursuit and millions of people watching live on television. After the slow speed chase ended Simpson was arrested and charged with the murders of Nicole Simpson and Ronald Goldman.
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Today is Father's Day in the USA.
For all the Father's out there, thanks and enjoy your day!
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June 18
1621 - The first duel in America took place in the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts.
1778 - Britain evacuated Philadelphia during the U.S. Revolutionary War.
1812 - The War of 1812 began as the U.S. declared war against Great Britain. The conflict began over trade restrictions.
1861 - The first American fly-casting tournament was held in Utica, NY.
1873 - Susan B. Anthony was fined $100 for attempting to vote for a U.S. President.
1898 - Atlantic City, NJ, opened its Steel Pier.
1915 - During World War I, the second battle of Artois ended.
1918 - Allied forces on the Western Front began their largest counter-attack against the German army.
1925 - The first degree in landscape architecture was granted by Harvard University.
1927 - The U.S. Post Office offered a special 10-cent postage stamp for sale. The stamp was of Charles Lindbergh’s "Spirit of St. Louis."
1928 - Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean as she completed a flight from Newfoundland to Wales.
1936 - Charles ‘Lucky’ Luciano was found guilty on 62 counts of compulsory prostitution.
1936 - The first bicycle traffic court was established in Racine, WI.
1939 - The CBS radio network aired "Ellery Queen" for the first time.
1942 - The U.S. Navy commissioned its first black officer, Harvard University medical student Bernard Whitfield Robinson.
1948 - The United Nations Commission on Human Rights adopted its International Declaration of Human Rights.
1953 - Seventeen major league baseball records were tied or broken in a game between the Boston Red Sox and the Detroit Tigers.
1959 - A Federal Court annulled the Arkansas law allowing school closings to prevent integration.
1959 - The first telecast received from England was broadcast in the U.S. over NBC-TV.
1961 - "Gunsmoke" was broadcast for the last time on CBS radio.
1966 - Samuel Nabrit became the first African American to serve on the Atomic Energy Commission.
1975 - Fred Lynn of the Boston Red Sox hit three home runs, a triple and a single in a game against the Detroit Tigers.
1979 - In Vienna, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) 2.
1983 - Dr. Sally Ride became the first American woman in space aboard the space shuttle Challenger.
1984 - Alan Berg was shot to death outside his home. Two white supremacists were convicted of civil rights violations in the murder.
1996 - Richard Allen Davis was convicted in San Jose, CA, of the 1993 kidnap-murder of 12-year-old Polly Klaas.
1997 - Sirhan Sirhan was denied parole for the 10th time. He had assissinated presidential candidate Robert Kennedy in 1968.
1998 - The Walt Disney Co. purchased a 43% stake in the Web search engine company Infoseek Corp.
1998 - Nine commemorative U.S. postage stamps were reissued. The stamps were considered to be classically beautiful examples of stamp engraving.
1998 - "The Boston Globe" asked Patricia Smith to resign after she admitted to inventing people and quotes in four of her recent columns.
1999 - Walt Disney's "Tarzan" opened.
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19 June 1846 - The first baseball game under recognizable modern rules is played in Hoboken, New Jersey, United States.
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June 19
0240 BC - Eratosthenes estimated the circumference of the Earth using two sticks.
1586 - English colonists sailed away from Roanoke Island, NC, after failing to establish England's first permanent settlement in America.
1778 - U.S. General George Washington's troops finally left Valley Forge after a winter of training.
1846 - The New York Knickerbocker Club played the New York Club in the first baseball game at the Elysian Field, Hoboken, NJ. It was the first organized baseball game.
1862 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln outlined his Emancipation Proclamation, which outlawed slavery in U.S. territories.
1864 - The USS Kearsarge sank the CSS Alabama off of Cherbourg, France.
1865 - The emancipation of slaves was proclaimed in Texas.
1867 - In New York, the Belmont Stakes was run for the first time.
1910 - Father's Day was celebrated for the first time, in Spokane, WA.
1911 - In Pennsylvania, the first motion-picture censorship board was established.
1912 - The U.S. government established the 8-hour work day.
1934 - The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration was established.
1934 - The U.S. Congress established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The commission was to regulate radio and TV broadcasting (later).
1939 - In Atlanta, GA, legislation was enacted that disallowed pinball machines in the city.
1942 - Norma Jeane Mortenson (Marilyn Monroe) and her 21-year-old neighbor Jimmy Dougherty were married. They were divorced in June of 1946.
1942 - British Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrived in Washington, DC. to discuss the invasion of North Africa with U.S. President Roosevelt.
1943 - Henry Kissinger became a naturalized United States citizen.
1943 - The National Football League approved the merger of the Philadelphia Eagles and the Pittsburgh Steelers.
1944 - The U.S. won the battle of the Philippine Sea against the Imperial Japanese fleet.
1951 - U.S. President Harry S. Truman signed the Universal Military Training and Service Act, which extended Selective Service until July 1, 1955 and lowered the draft age to 18.
1952 - "I’ve Got a Secret" debuted on CBS-TV.
1953 - Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, NY. They had been convicted of conspiring to pass U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.
1958 - In Washington, DC, nine entertainers refused to answer a congressional committee's questions on communism.
1961 - The U.S. Supreme Court struck down a provision in Maryland's constitution that required state officeholders to profess a belief in God.
1964 - The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was approved after surviving an 83-day filibuster in the U.S. Senate.
1965 - Air Marshall Nguyen Cao Ky became South Vietnam's youngest premier at age 34.
1968 - 50,000 people marched on Washington, DC. to support the Poor People's Campaign.
1973 - The Case-Church Amendment prevented further U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia.
1973 - Pete Rose (Cincinnati Reds) got his 2,000th career hit.
1973 - Gordie Howe left the NHL to join his sons Mark and Marty in the WHA (World Hockey League).
1978 - Garfield was in newspapers around the U.S. for the first time.
1981 - "Superman II" set the all-time, one-day record for theater box-office receipts when it took in $5.5 million.
1986 - University of Maryland basketball star Len Bias died of a cocaine-induced seizure.
1987 - The U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Louisiana law that required that schools teach creationism.
1989 - The movie "Batman" premiered.
1998 - Gateway was fined more than $400,000 for illegally shipping personal computers to 16 countries subject to U.S. export controls.
1998 - A study released said that smoking more than doubles risks of developing dementia and Alzheimer's.
1999 - Stephen King was struck from behind by a mini-van while walking along a road in Maine.
1999 - The Dallas Stars won their first NHL Stanley Cup by defeating the Buffalo Sabres in the third overtime of game six.
2000 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a group prayer led by students at public-school football games violated the 1st Amendment's principle that called for the separation of church and state.
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June 20
1782 - The U.S. Congress approved the Great Seal of the United States.
1793 - Eli Whitney applied for a cotton gin patent. He received the patent on March 14. The cotton gin initiated the American mass-production concept.
1863 - West Virginia became the 35th state to join the U.S.
1863 - The National Bank of Philadelphia in Philadelphia, PA, became the first bank to receive a charter from the U.S. Congress.
1893 - A jury in New Bedford, MA, found Lizzie Borden innocent of the ax murders of her father and stepmother.
1898 - The U.S. Navy seized the island of Guam en route to the Phillipines to fight the Spanish.
1910 - Fanny Brice debuted in the New York production of the "Ziegfeld Follies".
1941 - The U.S. Army Air Force was established, replacing the Army Air Corps.
1943 - Race-related rioting erupted in Detroit. Federal troops were sent in two days later to end the violence that left more than 30 dead.
1947 - Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel was murdered in Beverly Hills, CA, at the order of mob associates angered over the soaring costs of his project, the Flamingo resort in Las Vegas, NV.
1948 - "Toast of the Town" debuted on CBS-TV. The show was hosted by Ed Sullivan.
1950 - Willie Mays graduated from high school and immediately signed with the New York Giants.
1955 - The AFL and CIO agreed to combine names and a merge into a single group.
1963 - The United States and Soviet Union signed an agreement to set up a hot line communication link between the two countries.
1966 - The U.S. Open golf tournament was broadcast in color for the first time.
1967 - Muhammad Ali was convicted in Houston of violating Selective Service laws by refusing to be drafted. The U.S. Supreme Court later overturned the conviction.
1977 - The Trans-Alaska Pipeline began operation.
1979 - ABC News correspondent Bill Stewart was shot to death in Managua, Nicaragua, by a member of President Anastasio Somoza's national guard.
1994 - In Los Angeles, O.J. Simpson pled innocent to the killing of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman.
1997 - The tobacco industry agreed to a massive settlement in exchange for major relief from mounting lawsuits and legal bills.
2001 - Barry Bonds, of the San Francisco Giants, hit his 38th home run of the season. The home run broke the major league baseball record for homers before the midseason All-Star break.
2001 - In Texas, Andrea Yates was arrested for drowning her five children in a bathtub.
2002 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the execution of mentally retarded murderers was unconstitutionally cruel. The vote was 6 in favor and 3 against.
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June 21
1788 - The U.S. Constitution went into effect when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify it.
1834 - Cyrus McCormick patented the first practical mechanical reaper for farming. His invention allowed farmers to more than double their crop size.
1859 - Andrew Lanergan received the first rocket patent.
1913 - Georgia Broadwick became the first woman to jump from an airplane.
1938 - In Washington, U.S. President Roosevelt signed the $3.75 billion Emergency Relief Appropriation Act.
1939 - Lou Gehrig quit baseball due to illness.
1940 - Richard M. Nixon and Thelma Catherine ‘Pat’ Ryan were married.
1941 - German troops entered Russia on a front from the Arctic to Black Sea.
1942 - Ben Hogan recorded the lowest score (to that time) in a major golf tournament. Hogan shot a 271 for 72 holes in Chicago, IL.
1945 - Pan Am announced an 88-hour round-the-world flight at a cost of $700.
1954 - The American Cancer Society reported significantly higher death rates among cigarette smokers than among non-smokers.
1954 - NBC radio presented the final broadcast of "The Railroad Hour."
1958 - In Arkansas, a federal judge let Little Rock delay school integration.
1958 - Linus Pauling and Detlev Bronke, both Americans, were elected to the Soviet Academy of Science.
1963 - In St. Louis, Bob Hayes set a record when he ran the 100-yard dash in 0:09.1.
1963 - France announced that they were withdrawing from the North Atlantic NATO fleet.
1964 - Three civil rights workers disappeared in Philadelphia, MS. Their bodies were found on August 4, 1964 in an earthen dam. Eight Ku Klux Klan members later went to federal prison on conspiracy charges.
1969 - In South Carolina, civil rights leader Rev. Ralph Abernathy was jailed on riot charges.
1970 - Tony Jacklin became the second British golfer in 50 years to win the U.S. Open golf tournament.
1973 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states may ban materials found to be obscene according to local standards.
1981 - "Raiders of the Lost Ark" opened.
1982 - A jury in Washington, DC, found John Hinckley Jr. innocent by reason of insanity in the shootings of U.S. President Reagan and three other men.
1989 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that burning the American flag as a form of political protest was protected by the First Amendment.
2001 - In Alexandria, VA, a U.S. federal grand jury indicted 13 Saudis and a Lebanese in the 1996 bombing of the Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia that killed 19 American servicemen.
2003 - The fifth Harry Potter book, "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix," was published by J.K. Rowling. Amazon.com shipped out more than one million copies on this day making the day the largest distribution day of a single item in e-commerce history. The book set sales records around the world with an estimated 5 million copies were sold on the first day.
2004 - SpaceShipOne, designed by Burt Rutan and piloted by Mike Melvill, reached 328,491 feet above Earth in a 90 minute flight. The height is about 400 feet above the distance scientists consider to be the boundary of space.
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June 22
1611 - English explorer Henry Hudson, his son and several other people were set adrift in present-day Hudson Bay by mutineers.
1807 - British seamen board the USS Chesapeake, a provocation leading to the War of 1812.
1832 - J.I. Howe patented the pin machine.
1868 - Arkansas was re-admitted to the Union.
1870 - The U.S. Congress created the Department of Justice.
1874 - Dr. Andrew Taylor Still began the first known practice of osteopathy.
1909 - The first transcontinental auto race ended in Seattle, WA.
1939 - The first U.S. water-ski tournament was held at Jones Beach, on Long Island, New York.
1941 - Under the codename Barbarossa, Germany invaded the Soviet Union.
1942 - A Japanese submarine shelled Fort Stevens at the mouth of the Columbia River.
1942 - In France, Pierre Laval declared "I wish for a German vitory".
1942 - V-Mail, or Victory-Mail, was sent for the first time.
1944 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt signed the "GI Bill of Rights" to provide broad benefits for veterans of the war.
1945 - During World War II, the battle for Okinawa officially ended after 81 days.
1946 - Jet airplanes were used to transport mail for the first time.
1959 - Eddie Lubanski rolled 24 consecutive strikes in a bowling tournament in Miami, FL.
1964 - The U.S. Supreme Court voted that Henry Miller’s book, "Tropic of Cancer", could not be banned.
1969 - Judy Garland died from an accidental overdose of prescription sleeping aids. She was 47.
1970 - U.S. President Richard Nixon signed 26th amendment, lowering the voting age to 18.
1973 - Skylab astronauts splashed down safely in the Pacific after a record 28 days in space.
1977 - John N. Mitchell became the first former U.S. Attorney General to go to prison as he began serving a sentence for his role in the Watergate cover-up. He served 19 months.
1978 - James W. Christy and Robert S. Harrington discovered the only known moon of Pluto. The moon is named Charon.
1981 - Mark David Chapman pled guilty to killing John Lennon.
1992 - The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that hate-crime laws that ban cross-burning and similar expressions of racial bias violated free-speech rights.
1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that evidence illegally obtained by authorities could be used at revocation hearings for a convicted criminal's parole.
1998 - The 75th National Marbles Tournament begins in Wildwood, NJ.
1999 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that persons with remediable handicaps cannot claim discrimination in employment under the Americans with Disability Act.
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June 24
1664 - New Jersey, named after the Isle of Jersey, was founded.
1497 - Italian explorer John Cabot, sailing in the service of England, landed in North America on what is now Newfoundland.
1675 - King Philip's War began when Indians massacre colonists at Swansee, Plymouth colony.
1844 - Charles Goodyear was granted patent #3,633 for vulcanized rubber.
1861 - Federal gunboats attacked Confederate batteries at Mathias Point, Virginia.
1862 - U.S. intervention saved the British and French at the Dagu forts in China.
1869 - Mary Ellen "Mammy" Pleasant officially became the Vodoo Queen in San Francisco, CA.
1896 - Booker T. Washington became the first African American to receive an honorary MA degree from Howard University.
1922 - The American Professional Football Association took the name of The National Football League.
1940 - TV cameras were used for the first time in a political convention as the Republicans convened in Philadelphia, PA.
1941 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt pledged all possible support to the Soviet Union.
1947 - Kenneth Arnold reported seeing flying saucers over Mt. Rainier, Washington.
1948 - The Soviet Union began the Berlin Blockade.
1953 - John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier announced their engagement.
1955 - Soviet MIG's down a U.S. Navy patrol plane over the Bering Strait.
1962 - The New York Yankees beat the Detroit Tigers, 9-7, after 22 innings.
1964 - The Federal Trade Commission announced that starting in 1965, cigarette manufactures would be required to include warnings on their packaging about the harmful effects of smoking.
1968 - "Resurrection City," a shantytown constructed as part of the Poor People's March on Washington D.C., was closed down by authorities.
1970 - The U.S. Senate voted overwhelmingly to repeal the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
1970 - The movie "Myra Breckinridge" premiered.
1971 - The National Basketball Association modified its four-year eligibility rule to allow for collegiate hardship cases.
1975 - 113 people were killed when an Eastern Airlines Boeing 727 crashed while attempting to land during a thunderstorm at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport.
1985 - Natalia Solzhenitsyn the wife of exiled, Soviet author Alexander Solzhenitsyn, became a U.S. citizen.
1997 - 18-year-old Melissa Drexler was charged with murder in the death of her baby. Drexler had given birth during her prom.
1997 - The U.S. Air Force released a report on the "Roswell Incident," suggesting the alien bodies witnesses reported seeing in 1947 were actually life-sized dummies.
1998 - AT&T Corp. struck a deal to buy cable TV giant Tele-Communications Inc. for $31.7 billion.
1998 - Walt Disney World Resort admitted its 600-millionth guest.
2002 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that juries, not judges, must make the decision to give a convicted killer the death penalty.
2002 - A painting from Monet's Waterlilies series sold for $20.2 million.
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June 25
1788 - Virginia ratified the U.S. Constitution and became the 10th state of the United States.
1864 - Union troops surrounding Petersburg, VA, began building a mine tunnel underneath the Confederate lines.
1867 - Lucien B. Smith patented the first barbed wire.
1868 - The U.S. Congress enacted legislation granting an eight-hour day to workers employed by the Federal government.
1868 - Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina were readmitted to the Union.
1876 - Lt. Col. Custer and the 210 men of U.S. 7th Cavalry were killed by Sioux and Cheyenne Indians at Little Big Horn in Montana. The event is known as "Custer's Last Stand."
1877 - In Philadelphia, PA, Alexander Graham Bell demonstated the telephone for Sir William Thomson (Baron Kelvin) and Emperor Pedro II of Brazil at the Centennial Exhibition.
1906 - Pittsburgh millionaire Harry Kendall Thaw, the son of coal and railroad baron William Thaw, shot and killed Stanford White. White, a prominent architect, had a tryst with Florence Evelyn Nesbit before she married Thaw. The shooting took place at the premiere of Mamzelle Champagne in New York.
1910 - The U.S. Congress authorized the use of postal savings stamps.
1917 - The first American fighting troops landed in France.
1921 - Samuel Gompers was elected head of the AFL for the 40th time.
1948 - The Soviet Union tightened its blockade of Berlin by intercepting river barges heading for the city.
1950 - North Korea invaded South Korea initiating the Korean War.
1951 - In New York, the first regular commercial color TV transmissions were presented on CBS using the FCC-approved CBS Color System. The public did not own color TV's at the time.
1962 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of unofficial non-denominational prayer in public schools was unconstitutional.
1964 - U.S. President Lyndon Johnson ordered 200 naval personnel to Mississippi to assist in finding three missing civil rights workers.
1966 - "Dark Shadows" began running on ABC-TV.
1968 - Bobby Bonds (San Francisco Giants) hit a grand-slam home run in his first game with the Giants. He was the first player to debut with a grand-slam.
1970 - The U.S. Federal Communications Commission handed down a ruling (35 FR 7732), making it illegal for radio stations to put telephone calls on the air without the permission of the person being called.
1973 - White House Counsel John Dean admitted that U.S. President Nixon took part in the Watergate cover-up.
1981 - The U.S. Supreme Court decided that male-only draft registration was constitutional.
1985 - ABC’s "Monday Night Football" began with a new line-up. The trio was Frank Gifford, Joe Namath and O.J. Simpson.
1985 - New York Yankees officials enacted the rule that mandated that the team’s bat boys were to wear protective helmets during all games.
1986 - The U.S. Congress approved $100 million in aid to the Contras fighting in Nicaragua.
1990 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of an individual, whose wishes are clearly made, to refuse life-sustaining medical treatment. "The right to die" decision was made in the Curzan vs. Missouri case.
1996 - Outside the Khobar Towers near Dhahran, Saudi Arabia a truck bomb exploded. The bomb killed 19 Americans and injured over 500 Saudis and Americans.
1997 - U.S. air pollution standards were significantly tightened by U.S. President Clinton.
1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court rejected the line-item veto thereby striking down presidential power to cancel specific items in tax and spending legislation.
1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that those infected with HIV are protected by the Americans With Disabilities Act.
1998 - Microsoft's "Windows 98" was released to the public.
2000 - U.S. and British researchers announced that they had completed a rough draft of a map of the genetic makeup of human beings. The project was 10 years old at the time of the announcement.
2000 - A Florida judge approved a class-action lawsuit to be filed against American Online (AOL) on behalf of hourly subscribers who were forced to view "pop-up" advertisements.
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June 26
1804 - The Lewis and Clark Expedition reached the mouth of the Kansas River after completing a westward trek of nearly 400 river miles.
1819 - The bicycle was patented by W.K. Clarkson, Jr.
1844 - John Tyler took Julia Gardiner as his bride, thus becoming the first U.S. President to marry while in office.
1870 - The first section of the boardwalk in Atlantic City, NJ, was opened to the public.
1894 - The American Railway Union called a general strike in sympathy with Pullman workers.
1900 - The United States announced that it would send troops to fight against the Boxer rebellion in China.
1900 - A commission that included Dr. Walter Reed began the fight against the deadly disease yellow fever.
1917 - General John "Black Jack" Pershing arrived in France with the American Expeditionary Force.
1925 - Charlie Chaplin's comedy, "The Gold Rush," premiered in Hollywood.
1926 - A memorial to the first U.S. troops in France was unveiled at St. Nazaire.
1924 - After eight years of occupation, American troops left the Dominican Republic.
1942 - The Grumman F6F Hellcat fighter was flown for the first time.
1945 - The U.N. Charter was signed by 50 nations in San Francisco, CA.
1948 - The Berlin Airlift began as the U.S., Britain and France started ferrying supplies to the isolated western sector of Berlin.
1951 - The Soviet Union proposed a cease-fire in the Korean War.
1959 - CBS journalist Edward R. Murrow interviewed Lee Remick. It was his 500th and final guest on "Person to Person."
1959 - U.S. President Eisenhower joined Britain's Queen Elizabeth II in ceremonies officially opening the St. Lawrence Seaway.
1963 - U.S. President John Kennedy announced "Ich bin ein Berliner" (I am a Berliner) at the Berlin Wall.
1971 - The U.S. Justice Department issued a warrant for Daniel Ellsberg, accusing him of giving away the Pentagon Papers.
1979 - Muhammad Ali, at 37 years old, announced that he was retiring as world heavyweight boxing champion.
1981 - In Mountain Home, Idaho, Virginia Campbell took her coupons and rebates and bought $26,460 worth of groceries. She only paid 67 cents after all the discounts.
1985 - Wilbur Snapp was ejected after playing "Three Blind Mice" during a baseball game. The incident followed a call made by umpire Keith O'Connor.
1987 - The movie "Dragnet" opened in the U.S.
1996 - The U.S. Supreme Court ordered the Virginia Military Institute to admit women or forgo state support.
1997 - The U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Communications Decency Act of 1996 that made it illegal to distribute indecent material on the Internet.
1997 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld state laws that allow for a ban on doctor-assisted suicides.
1998 - The U.S. and Peru open school to train commandos to patrol Peru's rivers for drug traffickers.
1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that employers are always potentially liable for supervisor's sexual misconduct toward an employee.
2000 - The Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics Corp. jointly announced that they had created a working draft of the human genome.
2001 - Ray Bourque (Colorado Avalanche) announced his retirement just 17 days after winning his first Stanley Cup. Bouque retired after 22 years and held the NHL record for highest-scoring defenseman and playing in 19 consecutive All-Star games.
2002 - David Hasseloff checked into The Betty Ford Center for treatment of alcoholism.
2002 - WorldCom Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
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June 27
1844 - Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum were killed by mob in Carthage, IL.
1847 - New York and Boston were linked by telegraph wires.
1885 - Chichester Bell and Charles S. Tainter applied for a patent for the gramophone. It was granted on May 4, 1886.
1893 - The New York stock market crashed. By the end of the year 600 banks and 74 railroads had gone out of business.
1905 - The battleship Potemkin succumbed to a mutiny on the Black Sea.
1924 - Democrats offered Mrs. Leroy Springs for vice presidential nomination. She was the first woman considered for the job.
1927 - The U.S. Marines adopted the English bulldog as their mascot.
1929 - Scientists at Bell Laboratories in New York revealed a system for transmitting television pictures.
1931 - Igor Sikorsky filed U.S. Patent 1,994,488, which marked the breakthrough in helicopter technology.
1940 - Robert Pershing Wadlow was measured by Dr. Cyril MacBryde and Dr. C. M. Charles. They recorded his height at 8' 11.1." He was only 22 at the time of his death on July 15, 1940.
1942 - The FBI announced the capture of eight Nazi saboteurs who had been put ashore from a submarine on New York's Long Island.
1944 - During World War II, American forces completed their capture of the French port of Cherbourg from the German army.
1949 - "Captain Video and His Video Rangers" premiered on the Dumont Television Network.
1950 - Two days after North Korea invaded South Korea, U.S. President Truman ordered the Air Force and Navy into the Korean conflict. The United Nations Security Council had asked for member nations to help South Korea repel an invasion from the North.
1955 - The first "Wide Wide World" was broadcast on NBC-TV.
1955 - The state of Illinois enacted the first automobile seat belt legislation.
1957 - More than 500 people were killed when Hurricane Audrey hit the coastal area of Louisiana and Texas.
1958 - NBC's "Matinee Theatre" was seen for the final time.
1959 - The play, "West Side Story," with music by Leonard Bernstein, closed after 734 performances on Broadway.
1964 - Ernest Borgnine and Ethel Merman were married. It only lasted 38 days.
1967 - Two hundred people were arrested during a race riot in Buffalo, NY.
1969 - Patrons at the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village, clashed with police. This incident is considered to be the birth of the homosexual rights movement.
1972 - Bobby Hull signed a 10-year hockey contract for $2,500,000. He became a player and coach of the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association.
1973 - Former White House counsel John W. Dean told the Senate Watergate Committee about an "enemies list" that was kept by the Nixon White House.
1973 - Nixon vetoed a Senate ban on bombing Cambodia.
1980 - U.S. President Carter signed legislation reviving draft registration.
1984 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individual colleges could make their own TV package deals.
1984 - The Federal Communications Commission moved to deregulate U.S. commercial TV by lifting most programming requirements and ending day-part restrictions on advertising.
1985 - Officials decertified Route 66.
1985 - The U.S. House of Representatives voted to limit the use of combat troops in Nicaragua.
1986 - The World Court ruled that the U.S. had broken international law by aiding Nicaraguan rebels.
1991 - Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall resigned from the U.S. Supreme Court. He had been appointed in 1967 by President Lyndon Johnson.
1992 - The body of kidnapped Exxon executive Sidney J. Reso was found buried in a makeshift grave in a state park in New Jersey. Arthur and Irene Seale were later convicted and sentenced to prison for the crime.
1995 - Actor Hugh Grant was arrested in Los Angeles for engaging in "lewd behavior" with a prostitute in a rented BMW.
1998 - In a live joint news conference in China U.S. President Clinton and President Jiang Zemin offered an uncensored airing of differences on human rights, freedom, trade and Tibet.
2002 - In the U.S., the Securities and Exchange Commission required companies with annual sales of more than $1.2 billion to submit sworn statements backing up the accuracy of their financial reports.
2005 - In Alaska's Denali National Park, a roughly 70-million year old dinosaur track was discovered. The track was form a three-toed Cretaceous period dinosaur.
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June 28
1776 - American Colonists repulsed a British sea attack on Charleston, SC.
1778 - Mary "Molly Pitcher" Hays McCauley, wife of an American artilleryman, carried water to the soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth and, supposedly, took her husband's place at his gun after he was overcome with heat.
1869 - R. W. Wood was appointed as the first Surgeon General of the U.S. Navy.
1894 - The U.S. Congress made Labor Day (First Monday in September) a U.S. national holiday.
1902 - The U.S. Congress passed the Spooner bill, it authorized a canal to be built across the isthmus of Panama.
1911 - Samuel J. Battle became the first African-American policeman in New York City.
1939 - Pan American Airways began the first transatlantic passenger service.
1938 - The U.S. Congress created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to insure construction loans.
1940 - The "Quiz Kids" was heard on NBC radio for the first time.
1942 - German troops launched an offensive to seize Soviet oil fields in the Caucasus and the city of Stalingrad.
1943 - "The Dreft Star Playhouse" debuted on NBC radio.
1944 - "The Alan Young Show" debuted on NBC radio.
1945 - U.S. General Douglas MacArthur announced the end of Japanese resistance in the Philippines.
1949 - The last U.S. combat troops were called home from Korea, leaving only 500 advisers.
1950 - North Korean forces captured Seoul, South Korea.
1951 - "Amos ’n’ Andy" moved to CBS-TV from radio.
1960 - In Cuba, Fidel Castro confiscated American-owned oil refineries without compensation.
1964 - Malcolm X founded the Organization for Afro American Unity to seek independence for blacks in the Western Hemisphere.
1965 - The first commercial satellite began communications service. It was Early Bird (Intelsat II).
1967 - Fourteen people were shot in race riots in Buffalo, New York.
1971 - The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the draft evasion conviction of Muhammad Ali.
1972 - U.S. President Nixon announced that no new draftees would be sent to Vietnam.
1976 - The first women entered the U.S. Air Force Academy.
1978 - The U.S. Supreme Court ordered the medical school at the University of California at Davis to admit Allan Bakke. Bakke, a white man, argued he had been a victim of reverse racial discrimination.
1996 - The Citadel voted to admit women, ending a 153-year-old men-only policy at the South Carolina military school.
1996 - Charles M. Schulz got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1997 - Mike Tyson was disqualified for biting Evander Holyfield's ear after three rounds of their WBA heavyweight title fight in Las Vegas, NV.
1998 - Poland, due to shortage of funds, is allowed to lease, U.S. aircraft to bring military force up to NATO standards.
1998 - The Cincinnati Enquirer apologized to Chiquita banana company and retracted their stories that questioned company's business practices. They also agreed to pay more than $10 million to settle legal claims.
2000 - The U.S. Supreme Court declared that a Nebraska law that outlawed "partial birth abortions" was unconstitutional. About 30 U.S. states had similar laws at the time of the ruling.
2000 - Darva Conger announced that she had done a layout for Playboy magazine. Conger had married Rick Rockwell on Fox-TV's "Who Wants to Marry a Multimillionaire."
2000 - The European Commission announced that they had blocked the planned merger between the U.S. companies WorldCom Inc. and Sprint due to competition concerns.
2000 - Six-year-old Elián González returned to Cuba from the U.S. with his father. The child had been the center of an international custody dispute.
2001 - The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit set aside an order that would break up Microsoft for antitrust violations. However, the judges did agree that the company was in violation of antitrust laws.
2004 - The U.S. turned over official sovereignty to Iraq's interim leadership. The event took place two days earlier than previously announced to thwart insurgents' attempts at undermining the transfer.
2004- The U.S. resumed diplomatic ties with Libya after a 24-year break.
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F*O*T*O*G*R*A*F*I*A ~by~ Nelo Esteves edited this topic 60 months ago.
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June 29
1652 - Massachusetts declared itself an independent commonwealth.
1767 - The British Parliament approved the Townshend Revenue Acts. The acts imposed import duties on glass, lead, paint, paper and tea shipped to America.
1776 - The Virginia constitution was adopted and Patrick Henry was made governor.
1804 - Privates John Collins and Hugh Hall of the Lewis and Clark Expedition were found guilty by a court-martial consisting of members of the Corps of Discovery for getting drunk on duty. Collins received 100 lashes on his back and Hall received 50.
1860 - The first iron-pile lighthouse was completed at Minot’s Ledge, MA.
1897 - The Chicago Cubs scored 36 runs in a game against Louisville, setting a record for runs scored by a team in a single game.
1901 - The first edition of "Editor & Publisher" was issued.
1925 - Marvin Pipkin filed for a patent for the frosted electric light bulb.
1932 - "Vic and Sade" debuted on NBC radio.
1941 - Joe DiMaggio got a base hit in his 42nd consecutive game. He broke George Sisler's record from 1922.
1950 - U.S. President Harry S. Truman authorized a sea blockade of Korea.
1951 - The United States invited the Soviet Union to the Korean peace talks on a ship in Wonson Harbor.
1953 - The Federal Highway Act authorized the construction of 42,500 miles of freeway from coast to coast.
1954 - The Atomic Energy Commission voted against reinstating Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer's access to classified information.
1956 - Marilyn Monroe and Arthur Miller were married. They were divorced on January 20, 1961.
1966 - The U.S. bombed fuel storage facilities near the North Vietnamese cities of Hanoi and Haiphong.
1967 - Jayne Mansfield, at age 34, and two male companions died when their car struck a trailer truck east of New Orleans.
1972 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty could constitute "cruel and unusual punishment." The ruling prompted states to revise their capital punishment laws.
1995 - The shuttle Atlantis and the Russian space station Mir docked, forming the largest man-made satellite ever to orbit the Earth.
1998 - With negotiations on a new labor agreement at a standstill, the National Basketball Association (NBA) announced that a lockout would be imposed at midnight.
2000 - In Santa Rosa, CA, the official groundbreaking ceremony took place for the Charles M. Schulz Museum.
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June 30
1841 - The Erie Railroad rolled out its first passenger train.
1859 - Charles Blondin crossed Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
1915 - During World War I, the Second Battle Artois ended when the French failed to take Vimy Ridge.
1921 - The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was formed.
1934 - Adolf Hitler purged the Nazi Party by destroying the SA and bringing to power the SS in the "Night of the Long Knives."
1936 - Margaret Mitchell’s book, "Gone with the Wind," was published in New York City.
1950 - U.S. President Harry Truman ordered U.S. troops into Korea and authorizes the draft.
1951 - On orders from Washington, General Matthew Ridgeway broadcasts that the United Nations was willing to discuss an armistice with North Korea.
1952 - CBS-TV debuted "The Guiding Light."
1953 - The first Corvette rolled off the Chevrolet assembly line in Flint, MI. It sold for $3,250.
1955 - The U.S. began funding West Germany’s rearmament.
1957 - The American occupation headquarters in Japan was dissolved.
1958 - The U.S. Congress passed a law authorizing the admission of Alaska as the 49th state in the Union.
1962 - Los Angeles Dodger Sandy Koufax pitched his first no-hitter in a game with the New York Mets.
1970 - The Cincinnati Reds moved to their new home at Riverfront Stadium.
1971 - The U.S. Supreme Court allowed the New York Times to continue publishing the Pentagon Papers.
1971 - The 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified when Ohio became the 38th state to approve it. The amendment lowered the minimum voting age to 18.
1974 - The July 4th scene from the Steven Spielberg movie "Jaws" was filmed.
1977 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter announced his opposition to the B-1 bomber.
1984 - The longest professional football game took place in the United States Football League (USFL). The Los Angeles Express beat the Michigan Panthers 27-21 after 93 minutes and 33 seconds.
1985 - Thirty-nine American hostages were freed from a hijacked TWA jetliner in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
1985 - Yul Brynner left his role as the King of Siam after 4,600 performances in "The King and I."
1986 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that states could outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.
1994 - The U.S. Figure Skating Association stripped Tonya Harding of the 1994 national championship and banned her from the organization for life for an attack on rival Nancy Kerrigan.
1998 - Officials confirmed that the remains of a Vietnam War serviceman buried in the Tomb of the Unknowns at Arlington National Cemetery were identified as those of Air Force pilot Michael J. Blassie.
2000 - U.S. President Clinton signed the E-Signature bill to give the same legal validity to an electronic signature as a signature in pen and ink.
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July 1
1847 - The U.S. Post Office issued its first adhesive stamps.
1862 - The U.S. Congress established the Bureau of Internal Revenue.
1863 - During the U.S. Civil War, the first day's fighting at Gettysburg began.
1874 - The Philadelphia Zoological Society zoo opened as the first zoo in the United States.
1893 - The first bicycle race track in America to be made out of wood was opened in San Francisco, CA.
1897 - Three years after the first issue of "Billboard Advertising" was published, the publication was renamed, "The Billboard".
1898 - During the Spanish-American War, Theodore Roosevelt and his "Rough Riders" waged a victorious assault on San Juan Hill in Cuba.
1905 - The USDA Forest Service was created within the Department of Agriculture. The agency was given the mission to sustain healthy, diverse, and productive forests and grasslands for present and future generations.
1909 - Thomas Edison began commercially manufacturing his new "A" type alkaline storage batteries.
1916 - The massive Allied offensive known as the Battle of the Somme began in France. The battle was the first to use tanks.
1934 - The Federal Communications Commission replaced the Federal Radio Commission as the regulator of broadcasting in the United States.
1940 - In Washington, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was opened to traffic. The bridge collapsed during a wind storm on November 7, 1940.
1941 - Bulova Watch Company sponsored the first TV commercial in New York City, NY.
1942 - German troops captured Sevestpol, Crimea, in the Soviet Union.
1943 - The U.S. Government began automatically withholding federal income tax from paychecks.
1945 - New York established the New York State Commission Against Discrimination to prevent discrimination in employment because of race, creed or natural origin. It was the first such agency in the U.S.
1946 - U.S. President Harry Truman signed Public Law 476 that incorporated the Civil Air Patrol as a benevolent, nonprofit organization. The Civil Air Patrol was created on December 1, 1941.
1946 - The U.S. exploded a 20-kiloton atomic bomb near Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.
1948 - The price of a subway ride in New York City was increased from 5 cents to 10.
1950 - American ground troops arrived in South Korea to stem the tide of the advancing North Korean army.
1951 - Bob Feller set a major league baseball record as he pitched his third no-hitter for the Cleveland Indians.
1961 - The first community air-raid shelter was built. The shelter in Boise, ID had a capacity of 1,000 people and family memberships sold for $100.
1963 - The U.S. postmaster introduced the five-digit ZIP (Zoning Improvement Plan) code.
1966 - The Medicare federal insurance program went into effect.
1968 - The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty was signed by 60 countries. It limited the spreading of nuclear material for military purposes. On May 11, 1995, the treaty was extended indefinitely.
1979 - Susan B. Anthony was commemorated on a U.S. coin, the Susan B. Anthony dollar.
1979 - Sony introduced the Walkman.
1980 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed legislation that provided for 2 acres of land near the Lincoln Memorial for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.
1981 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that candidates for federal office had an "affirmative right" to go on national television.
1985 - Robin Yount (Milwaukee Brewers) got the 1,800th hit of his career.
1987 - John Kevin Hill, at age 11, became the youngest to fly across the U.S. when he landed at National Airport in Washington, DC.
1989 - The Montreal Protocol, an international treaty, went into effect. It limited the production of ozone-destroying chemicals.
1991 - Court TV began airing.
1996 - Margaux Hemingway was found dead in her apartment. It was concluded that she had committed suicide.
1999 - The U.S. Justice Department released new regulations that granted the attorney general sole power to appoint and oversee special counsels. The 1978 independent-counsel statute expired on June 30.
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July 2
1776 - Richard Henry Lee’s resolution that the American colonies "are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States" was adopted by the Continental Congress.
1850 - B.J. Lane patented the gas mask.
1857 - New York City’s first elevated railroad officially opened for business.
1881 - Charles J. Guiteau fatally wounded U.S. President James A. Garfield in Washington, DC.
1890 - The U.S. Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act.
1926 - The U.S. Congress established the Army Air Corps.
1937 - American aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart disappeared in the Central Pacific during an attempt to fly around the world at the equator.
1939 - At Mount Rushmore, Theodore Roosevelt's face was dedicated.
1944 - American bombers, as part of Operation Gardening, dropped land mines, leaflets and bombs on German-occupied Budapest.
1947 - An object crashed near Roswell, NM. The U.S. Army Air Force insisted it was a weather balloon, but eyewitness accounts led to speculation that it might have been an alien spacecraft.
1961 - Ernest Hemingway shot himself to death at his home in Ketchum, ID.
1964 - U.S. President Johnson signed the "Civil Rights Act of 1964" into law. The act made it illegal in the U.S. to discriminate against others because of their race.
1967 - The U.S. Marine Corps launched Operation Buffalo in response to the North Vietnamese Army's efforts to seize the Marine base at Con Thien.
1976 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled the death penalty was not inherently cruel or unusual.
1980 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter reinstated draft registration for males 18 years of age.
1985 - General Motors announced that it was installing electronic road maps as an option in some of its higher-priced cars.
1995 - "Forbes" magazine reported that Microsoft's chairman, Bill Gates, was the worth $12.9 billion, making him the world's richest man. In 1999, he was worth about $77 billion.
1998 - Cable News Network (CNN) retracted a story that alleged that U.S. commandos had used nerve gas to kill American defectors during the Vietnam War.
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July 3
1775 - U.S. Gen. George Washington took command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, MA.
1844 - Ambassador Caleb Cushing successfully negotiated a commercial treaty with China that opened five Chinese ports to U.S. merchants and protected the rights of American citizens in China.
1863 - The U.S. Civil War Battle of Gettysburg, PA, ended after three days. It was a major victory for the North as Confederate troops retreated.
1871 - The Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company introduced the first narrow-gauge locomotive. It was called the "Montezuma."
1878 - John Wise flew the first dirigible in Lancaster, PA.
1880 - "Science" began publication. Thomas Edison had provided the principle funding.
1890 - Idaho became the 43rd state to join the United States of America.
1898 - During the Spanish American War, a fleet of Spanish ships in Cuba's Santiago Harbor attempted to run a blockade of U.S. naval forces. Nearly all of the Spanish ships were destroyed in the battle that followed.
1901 - The Wild Bunch, led by Butch Cassidy, committed its last American robbery near Wagner, MT. They took $65,000 from a Great Northern train.
1903 - The first cable across the Pacific Ocean was spliced between Honolulu, Midway, Guam and Manila.
1912 - Rube Marquand of the New York Giants set a baseball pitching record when earned his 19th consecutive win.
1922 - "Fruit Garden and Home" magazine was introduced. It was later renamed "Better Homes and Gardens."
1924 - Clarence Birdseye founded the General Seafood Corp.
1930 - The U.S. Congress created the U.S. Veterans Administration.
1934 - U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) made its first payment to Lydia Losiger.
1937 - Del Mar race track opened in Del Mar, CA.
1939 - Chic Young’s comic strip character, "Blondie" was first heard on CBS radio.
1940 - Bud Abbott and Lou Costello debuted on NBC radio.
1944 - The U.S. First Army opened a general offensive to break out of the hedgerow area of Normandy, France.
1944 - During World War II, Soviet forces recaptured Minsk.
1945 - U.S. troops landed at Balikpapan and take Sepinggan airfield on Borneo in the Pacific.
1945 - The first civilian passenger car built since February 1942 was driven off the assembly line at the Ford Motor Company plant in Detroit, MI. Production had been diverted due to World War II.
1950 - U.S. carrier-based planes attacked airfields in the Pyongyang-Chinnampo area of North Korea in the first air-strike of the Korean War.
1962 - Jackie Robinson became the first African American to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
1974 - The Threshold Test Ban Treaty was signed, prohibiting underground nuclear weapons tests with yields greater than 150 kilotons.
1981 - The Associated Press ran its first story about two rare illnesses afflicting homosexual men. One of the diseases was later named AIDS.
1986 - U.S. President Reagan presided over a ceremony in New York Harbor that saw the relighting of the renovated Statue of Liberty.
1986 - Mikhail Baryshnikov became a U.S. citizen at Ellis Island, New York Harbor.
1988 - The USS Vincennes shot down an Iran Air jetliner over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people aboard. The jetliner was misidentified as an Iranian F-14 fighter.
1991 - U.S. President George Bush formally inaugurated the Mount Rushmore National Memorial in South Dakota.
1997 - U.S. President Clinton made his first formal response to the charges of sexual harassment from Paula Jones. He denied all the charges and asked that the judge dismiss the case.
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July 4
1712 - Twelve slaves were executed for starting a slave uprising in New York that killed nine whites.
1776 - The amended Declaration of Independence, prepared by Thomas Jefferson, was approved and signed by John Hancock, the President of the Continental Congress in America.
1802 - The U.S. Military Academy officially opened at West Point, NY.
1803 - The Louisiana Purchase was announced in newspapers. The property was purchased, by the U.S. from France, was for $15 million (or 3 cents an acre). The "Corps of Discovery," led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, began the exploration of the territory on May 14, 1804.
1817 - Construction began on the Erie Canal, to connect Lake Erie and the Hudson River.
1845 - American writer Henry David Thoreau began his two-year experiment in simple living at Walden Pond, near Concord, MA.
1848 - In Washington, DC, the cornerstone for the Washington Monument was laid.
1855 - The first edition of "Leaves of Grass," by Walt Whitman, was published in Brooklyn, NY.
1863 - The Confederate town of Vicksburg, MS, surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant.
1881 - Tuskegee Institute opened in Alabama.
1884 - Bullfighting was introduced in the U.S. in Dodge City, KS.
1886 - The first rodeo in America was held at Prescott, AZ.
1892 - The first double-decked street car service was inaugurated in San Diego, CA.
1894 - After seizing power, Judge Stanford B. Dole declared Hawaii a republic.
1901 - William H. Taft became the American governor of the Philippines.
1910 - Race riots broke out all over the United States after African-American Jack Johnson knocked out Jim Jeffries in a heavyweight boxing match.
1934 - Boxer Joe Louis won his first professional fight.
1934 - At Mount Rushmore, George Washington's face was dedicated.
1939 - Lou Gehrig retired from major league baseball.
1946 - The Philippines achieved full independence from the USA.
1955 - The first king cobra snakes born in captivity in the U.S. hatched at the Bronx Zoo in New York City.
1957 - The U.S. Postal Service issued the 4¢ Flag stamp.
1959 - The 49-star U.S. flag was debuted.
1960 - The 50-star U.S. flag made its debut in Philadelphia, PA.
1966 - U.S. President Johnson signed the Freedom of Information Act, which went into effect the following year.
1976 - The U.S. celebrated its Bicentennial.
1997 - The Mars Pathfinder, an unmanned spacecraft, landed on Mars. A rover named Sojourner was deployed to gather data about the surface of the planet.
1997 - Ferry service between Manhattan and Staten Island was made free of charge. Previously, the charge had ranged from 5 cents to 50 cents.
2004 - In New York, the cornerstone of the Freedom Tower was laid on the former World Trade Center site.
2005 - NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft took pictures as a space probe smashed into the Tempel 1 comet. The mission was aimed at learning more about comets that formed from the leftover buidling blocks of the solar system. The Deep Impact mission launched on January 12, 2005.
HAPPY BIRTHDAY USA & TO ALL AMERICANS ALL OVER THE WORLD.
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F*O*T*O*G*R*A*F*I*A ~by~ Nelo Esteves edited this topic 60 months ago.
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July 5
1814 - U.S. troops under Jacob Brown defeated a superior British force at Chippewa, Canada.
1863 - U.S. Federal troops occupied Vicksburg, MS, and distributed supplies to the citizens.
1892 - Andrew Beard was issued a patent for the rotary engine.
1916 - Adelina and August Van Buren started on the first successful transcontinental motorcycle tour to be attempted by two women. They started in New York City and arrived in San Diego, CA, on September 12, 1916.
1935 - "Hawaii Call" was broadcast for the first time.
1935 - U.S. President Roosevelt signed the National Labor Relations Act into law. The act authorized labor to organize for the purpose of collective bargaining.
1940 - During World War II, Britain and the Vichy government in France broke diplomatic relations.
1941 - German troops reached the Dnieper River in the Soviet Union.
1943 - The battle of Kursk began as German tanks attack the Soviet salient. It was the largest tank battle in history.
1947 - Larry Doby signed a contract with the Cleveland Indians, becoming the first black player in the American League.
1950 - U.S. forces engaged the North Koreans for the first time at Osan, South Korea.
1951 - Dr. William Shockley announced that he had invented the junction transistor.
1975 - Arthur Ashe became the first black man to win a Wimbledon singles title when he defeated Jimmy Connors.
1984 - The U.S. Supreme Court weakened the 70-year-old "exclusionary rule," deciding that evidence seized with defective court warrants could be used against defendants in criminal trials.
1989 - Former U.S. National Security Council aide Oliver North received a $150,000 fine and a suspended prison term for his part in the Iran-Contra affair. The convictions were later overturned.
1991 - Regulators shut down the Pakistani-managed Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) in eight countries. The charge was fraud, drug money laundering and illegal infiltration into the U.S. banking system.
1995 - The U.S. Justice Department decided not to take antitrust action against Ticketmaster.
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July 6
1699 - Captain William Kidd, the pirate, was captured in Boston, MA, and deported back to England.
1777 - British forces captured Fort Ticonderoga during the American Revolution.
1854 - In Jackson, MI, the Republican Party held its first convention.
1858 - Lyman Blake patented the shoe manufacturing machine.
1893 - In northwest Iowa 71 people were killed by a tornado.
1905 - Fingerprints were exchanged for the first time between officials in Europe and the U.S. The person in question was John Walker.
1919 - A British dirigible landed in New York at Roosevelt Field. It completed the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an airship.
1928 - "The Lights of New York" was previewed in New York's Strand Theatre. It was the first all-talking movie.
1932 - The postage rate for first class mail in the U.S. went from 2-cents to 3-cents.
1933 - The first All-Star baseball game was held in Chicago. The American League beat the National League 4-2.
1944 - A fire broke out in the main tent of the Ringling Brother, Barnum and Bailey Circus. 169 people died.
1945 - U.S. President Truman signed an order creating the Medal of Freedom.
1945 - Nicaragua became the first nation to formally accept the United Nations Charter.
1947 - "Candid Microphone" began airing on ABC radio.
1948 - Frieda Hennok became the first woman to serve as the commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission.
1957 - Althea Gibson won the Wimbledon women’s singles tennis title. She was the first black athlete to win the event.
1981 - The Dupont Company announced an agreement to purchase Conoco, Inc. (Continental Oil Co.) for $7 billion. At the time it was the largest merger in corporate history.
1983 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that retirement plans could not pay women smaller monthly payments solely because of their gender.
1983 - Fred Lynn of the California Angels hit the first grand slam in an All-Star game. The American League defeated the National League 13-3.
1985 - Martina Navratilova won her 4th consecutive Wimbledon singles title.
1985 - The submarine Nautilus arrived in Groton, Connecticut. The vessel had been towed from Mare Island Naval Shipyard.
1989 - The U.S. Army destroyed its last Pershing 1-A missiles at an ammunition plant in Karnack, TX. The dismantling was under the terms of the 1987 Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
1994 - On Storm King Mountain, in Colorado, 14 firefighters were killed while fighting a several-day-old fire.
1995 - In Los Angeles, the prosecution rested at the O.J. Simpson murder trial.
1996 - Steffi Graf won her seventh Wimbledon title.
1997 - The Mars Pathfinder released Sojourner, a robot rover on the surface of Mars. The spacecraft landed on the red planet on July 4th.
2000 - In Orlando, FL, the body of Cory Erving was found in his vehicle in a pond near his families home. Julius "Dr. J" Erving had reported his son missing on June 4, 2000.
2000 - A jury awarded former NHL player Tony Twist $24 million for the unauthorized use of his name in the comic book Spawn and the HBO cartoon series. Co-defendant HBO settled with Twist out of court for an undisclosed amount.
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July 7
1754 - Kings College opened in New York City. It was renamed Columbia College 30 years later.
1846 - U.S. annexation of California was proclaimed at Monterey after the surrender of a Mexican garrison.
1862 - The first railroad post office was tested on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad in Missouri.
1865 - Four people were hanged in Washington, DC, after being convicted of conspiring with John Wilkes Booth to assassinate U.S. President Lincoln.
1885 - G. Moore Peters patented the cartridge-loading machine.
1898 - The United States annexed Hawaii.
1920 - A device known as the radio compass was used for the first time on a U.S. Navy airplane near Norfolk, VA.
1930 - Construction began on Boulder Dam, later Hoover Dam, on the Colorado River.
1946 - Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini was canonized as the first American saint.
1949 - "Dragnet" was first heard on NBC radio.
1950 - The UN Security Council authorized military aid for South Korea.
1981 - U.S. President Reagan announced he was nominating Arizona Judge Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
1983 - Eleven-year-old Samantha Smith of Manchester, Maine, left for a visit to the Soviet Union at the personal invitation of Soviet leader Yuri V. Andropov.
1987 - Public testimony at the Iran-Contra hearing began.
1998 - A jury in Santa Monica, CA, convicted Mikail Markhasev of murdering Ennis Cosby, Bill Cosby's only son, during a roadside robbery.
2000 - Cisco Systems Inc. announced that it would buy Netiverse Inc. for $210 million in stock. It was the 13th time Cisco had purchased a company in 2000.
2000 - Amazon.com announced that they had sold almost 400,000 copies of "Harry Potter and The Goblet of Fire," making it the biggest selling book in e-tailing history.
2003 - In Liberia, a team of U.S. military experts arrived at the U.S. embassy compound to assess whether to deploy troops as part of a peacekeeping force in the country.
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July 8
1630 - The Massachusetts Bay Colony celebrated Thanksgiving Day. The day is recognized as the first Thanksgiving.
1663 - King Charles II of England granted a charter to Rhode Island.
1693 - Uniforms for police in New York City were authorized.
1755 - Britain broke off diplomatic relations with France as their disputes in the New World intensified.
1776 - Col. John Nixon gave the first public reading of the U.S. Declaration of Independence to a crowd at Independence Square in Philadelphia.
1795 - Kent County Free School changed its name to Washington College. It was the first college to be named after U.S. President George Washington. The school was established by an act of the Maryland Assembly in 1723.
1865 - C.E. Barnes patented the machine gun.
1879 - The first ship to use electric lights departed from San Francisco, CA.
1881 - Edward Berner, druggist in Two Rivers, WI, poured chocolate syrup on ice cream in a dish. Until this time, chocolate syrup had only been used for making ice-cream sodas.
1889 - The Wall Street Journal was first published.
1889 - John L. Sullivan defeated Jake Kilrain, in the last championship bare-knuckle fight. The fight lasted 75 rounds.
1907 - Florenz Ziegfeld staged his first "Follies" on the roof of the New York Theater in New York City.
1919 - U.S. President Wilson returned from the Versailles Peace Conference in France.
1947 - Demolition work began in New York City for the new permanent headquarters of the United Nations.
1950 - General Douglas MacArthur was named commander-in-chief of United Nations forces in Korea.
1953 - Notre Dame announced that the next five years of its football games would be shown in theatres over closed circuit TV.
1960 - The Soviet Union charged USAF Gary Powers with espionage. He was shot down in a U-2 spy plane.
1963 - All Cuban-owned assets in the United States were frozen.
1969 - The U.S. Patent Office issued a patent for the game "Twister."
1970 - The San Francisco Giant’s Jim Ray Hart became the first National League player in 59 seasons to collect six runs batted (RBI) during a single inning.
1993 - Charles Keating, chief of Lincoln Savings & Loan Association, was sentenced to 12 years and seven months in prison for violating California security and fraud laws.
1997 - The Mayo Clinic and the U.S. government warned that the diet-drug combination known as "fen-phen" could cause serious heart and lung damage.
1997 - NATO invited Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic to join the alliance in 1999.
2000 - J.K. Rowling's "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" was released in the U.S. It was the fourth Harry Potter book.
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July 9
1755 - General Edward Braddock was killed when French and Indian troops ambushed his force of British regulars and colonial militia.
1776 - The American Declaration of Independence was read aloud to Gen. George Washington's troops in New York.
1792 - S.L. Mitchell of Columbia College in New York City became the first Professor of Agriculture.
1808 - The leather-splitting machine was patented by Samuel Parker.
1847 - A 10-hour work day was established for workers in the state of New Hampshire.
1850 - U.S. President Zachary Taylor died in office at the age of 55. He was succeeded by Millard Fillmore. Taylor had only served 16 months.
1868 - The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. The amendment was designed to grant citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of recently freed slaves. It did this by prohibiting states from denying or abridging the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, depriving any person of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or denying to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
1872 - The doughnut cutter was patented by John F. Blondel.
1877 - Alexander Graham Bell, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Thomas Sanders and Thomas Watson formed the Bell Telephone Company.
1878 - The corncob pipe was patented by Henry Tibbe.
1910 - W.R. Brookins became the first to fly an airplane a mile in the air.
1918 - 101 people were killed when an inbound local train collided with an outbound express in Nashville, TN.
1922 - Johnny Weissmuller became the first person to swim the 100 meters freestyle in less than a minute.
1935 - Norman Bright ran the two mile event in the record time of 9 minutes, 13.2 seconds at a meet in New York City.
1943 - American and British forces made an amphibious landing on Sicily.
1951 - U.S. President Truman asked Congress to formally end the state of war between the United States and Germany.
1953 - New York Airways began the first commuter passenger service by helicopter.
1968 - The first All-Star baseball game to be played indoors took place at the Astrodome in Houston, TX.
1971 - The United States turned over complete responsibility of the Demilitarized Zone to South Vietnamese units.
1982 - A Pan Am Boeing 727 crashed in Kenner, LA, all 146 people aboard and eight people on the ground were killed.
1985 - Herschel Walker of the New Jersey Generals was named the Most Valuable Player in the United States Football League (USFL).
1985 - Joe Namath, signed a five-year pact with ABC-TV to provide commentary for "Monday Night Football".
1997 - Mike Tyson was banned from the boxing ring and fined $3 million for biting the ear of opponent Evander Holyfield.
2005 - Danny Way, a daredevil skateboarder, rolled down a large ramp and jumped across the Great Wall of China. He was the first person to clear the wall without motorized aid.
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July 10
1679 - The British crown claimed New Hampshire as a royal colony.
1776 - The statue of King George III was pulled down in New York City.
1778 - In support of the American Revolution, Louis XVI declared war on England.
1821 - U.S. troops took possession of Florida. The territory was sold by Spain.
1832 - U.S. President Andrew Jackson vetoed legislation to re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
1866 - Edison P. Clark patented his indelible pencil.
1890 - Wyoming became the 44th state to join the United States.
1900 - ‘His Master’s Voice’, was registered with the U.S. Patent Office. The logo of the Victor Recording Company, and later, RCA Victor, shows the dog, Nipper, looking into the horn of a gramophone machine.
1913 - The highest temperature ever recorded in the U.S. was 134 degrees in Death Valley, CA.
1919 - The Treaty of Versailles was hand delivered to the U.S. Senate by President Wilson.
1928 - George Eastman first demonstrated color motion pictures.
1929 - The U.S. government began issuing paper money in the small size.
1938 - Howard Hughes completed a 91 hour flight around the world.
1940 - The 114-day Battle of Britain began during World War II.
1943 - Arthur Ashe, the first African-American inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame, was born. He had won 33 career titles.
1949 - The first practical rectangular television was presented. The picture tube measured 12 by 16 and sold for $12.
1951 - Armistice talks aimed at ending the Korean conflict began at Kaesong.
1951 - Sugar Ray Robinson was defeated for only the second time in 133 fights as Randy Turpin took the middleweight crown.
1953 - American forces withdraw from Pork Chop Hill in Korea after heavy fighting.
1962 - The Telstar Communications satellite was launched. The satellite relayed TV and telephone signals between Europe and the U.S.
1969 - The National League was divided up into two baseball divisions.
1984 - Dwight ‘Doc’ Gooden, of the New York Mets, became the youngest player to appear in an All-Star Game as a pitcher. He was 19 years, 7 months, and 24 days old.
1985 - Coca-Cola resumed selling the old formula of Coke, it was renamed "Coca-Cola Classic." It was also announced that they would continue to sell "New" Coke.
1989 - Mel Blanc, the "man of a thousand voices," died at age 81. He was known for such cartoon characters as Daffy Duck, Bugs Bunny and Porky Pig.
1991 - U.S. President Bush lifted economic sanctions against South Africa, citing its "profound transformation" toward racial equality.
1992 - In Miami, a federal judge sentenced former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega to 40 years in prison. He was convicted of drug and racketeering charges.
1992 - In New York, a jury found Pan Am responsible for allowing a terrorist to destroy Flight 103 in 1988, killing 270 people.
1997 - NATO forces captured one Serb war crimes suspect and killed another in a warning to Bosnia's most wanted.
1998 - The U.S. military delivered the remains of Air Force 1st Lt. Michael Blassie to his family in St. Louis. He had been placed in Arlington Cemetery's Tomb of the Unknown in 1984. His identity had been confirmed with DNA tests.
1998 - The Diocese of Dallas agreed to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who said they had been molested by a priest.
2000 - Justin Pierce commited suicide the day before the premiere of his last movie "Pigeonholed."
2000 - Jean-Claude Van Damme was given three years probation and fined $1,200 for drunk driving and driving without a license. Van Damme had been arrested after he crashed his Mercedes-Benz into a restaurant on September 23, 1999.
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July 11
1786 - Morocco agreed to stop attacking American ships in the Mediterranean for a payment of $10,000.
1798 - The U.S. Marine Corps was formally re-established by "An Act for Establishing a Marine Corps" passed by the U.S. Congress. The act also created the U.S. Marine Band. The Marines were first commissioned by the Continental Congress on November 10, 1775.
1804 - The United States' first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was killed by Vice President Aaron Burr in a duel.
1864 - In the U.S., Confederate forces led by Gen. Jubal Early began an invasion of Washington, DC. They turned back the next day.
1914 - Babe Ruth debuted in the major leagues with the Boston Red Sox.
1918 - Enrico Caruso recorded "Over There" written by George M. Cohan.
1934 - The first appointments to the newly created Federal Communications Commission were made.
1934 - U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the first American chief executive to travel through the Panama Canal while in office.
1955 - The U.S. Air Force Academy was dedicated in Colorado Springs, CO, at Lowry Air Base.
1960 - In Honolulu, HI, the first tournament held outside the continental U.S., sanctioned by the U.S. Golf Association, began.
1962 - The first transatlantic TV transmission was sent through the Telstar I satellite.
1972 - U.S. forces broke the 95-day siege at An Loc in Vietnam.
1977 - The Medal of Freedom was awarded posthumously to Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. in a White House ceremony.
1979 - The abandoned U.S. space station Skylab returned to Earth. It burned up in the atmosphere and showered debris over the Indian Ocean and Australia.
1980 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ordered the release of hostage Richard Queen due to illness. Queen was flown to Zurich, Switzerland. Queen had been taken hostage with 62 other Americans at the U.S. embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979.
1985 - Dr. H. Harlan Stone announced that he had used zippers for stitches on 28 patients. The zippers were used when he thought he may have to re-operate.
1985 - Nolan Ryan of the Houston Astros became the first major league pitcher to earn 4,000 strikeouts in a career.
1987 - Bo Jackson signed a contract to play football for the L.A. Raiders for 5 years. He was also continued to play baseball for the Kansas City Royals.
1994 - Shawn Eckardt was sentenced in Portland, OR, to 18 months in prison for his role in the attack on figure skater Nancy Kerrigan.
1995 - Full diplomatic relations were established between the United States and Vietnam.
1998 - U.S. Air Force Lt. Michael Blassie, a casualty of the Vietnam War, was laid to rest near his Missouri home. He had been positively identified from his remains that had been enshrined in the Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington, VA.
1999 - A U.S. Air Force jet flew over the Antarctic and dropped off emergency medical supplies for Dr. Jerri Nelson after she had discovered a lump in her breast. Nelso was at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Research Center.
2000 - Comedian Jimmy Walker was cited for failing to maintain his lane after his car collided with another vehicle.
2000 - Arkansas Judge Leon Johnson announced that he would preside over the disbarment case against U.S. President Clinton. Several other judges had stepped aside from the case citing the appearance of conflict of interest.
2000 - The video "Jaws," the Anniversary Collector's Edition, was released.
2000 - Liam Neeson broke his pelvis after hitting a deer with his Harley Davidson motorcycle.
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This old lady was born, as was my birthday twin Matthew, in 2002.
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Happiest of Birthdays to you both :)
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Thanks, Nelo.
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July 12
1862 - The U.S. Congress authorized the Medal of Honor.
1864 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln witnessed the battle where Union forces repelled Jubal Early's army on the outskirts of Washington, DC.
1912 - The first foreign-made film to premiere in America, "Queen Elizabeth", was shown.
1931 - A major league baseball record for doubles was set as the St. Louis Cardinals and the Chicago Cubs combined for a total of 23.
1933 - A minimum wage of 40 cents an hour was established in the U.S.
1946 - "The Adventures of Sam Spade" was heard on ABC radio for the first time.
1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed a highway modernization program, with costs to be shared by federal and state governments.
1954 - The Major League Baseball Players Association was organized in Cleveland, OH.
1957 - The U.S. surgeon general, Leroy E. Burney, reported that there was a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
1960 - The first Etch-A-Sketch went on sale.
1974 - John Ehrlichman, a former aide to U.S. President Nixon, and three others were convicted of conspiring to violate the civil rights of Daniel Ellsberg's former psychiatrist.
1982 - "E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial" broke all box-office records by surpassing the $100-million mark of ticket sales in the first 31 days of its opening.
1982 - The last of the distinctive-looking Checker taxicabs rolled off the assembly line in Kalamazoo, MI.
1984 - Democratic presidential candidate Walter F. Mondale named U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York to be his running mate. Ferraro was the first woman to run for vice president on a major party ticket.
1999 - Walt Disney Co. announced that it was merging all of its Internet operations together with Infoseek into Go.com.
2000 - Russia launched the Zvezda after two years of delays. The module was built to be the living quarters for the International Space Station (ISS.)
2000 - The movie "X-Men" premiered in New York.
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On July 13
1832 Henry Schoolcraft discovered the source of the Mississippi River in Minnesota.
1835 John Ruggles received patent #1 from the U.S. Patent Office for a traction wheel used in locomotive steam engines. All 9,957 previous patents were not numbered.
1967 Race-related rioting broke out in Newark, NJ. At the end of four days of violence, 27 people had been killed.
1971 The Army of Morocco executed ten leaders accused of leading a revolt.
1978 Lee Iacocca was fired as president of Ford Motor Co., by chairman Henry Ford II.
1998 "Image of an Assassination" went on sale. The video documentary was of Abraham Zapruder's home video of U.S. President Kennedy's assassination in Dallas.
1998 Four young cousins in Gallup, NM, died after becoming trapped in a car trunk.
2000 The United States and Vietnam signed a major trade agreement. The pact still needed to be approved by the U.S. Congress.
2000 Sprint Corp. and WorldCom canceled their planned merger due to opposition by regulators in the United States and Europe.
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July 14
1798 - The U.S. Congress passed the Sedition Act. The act made it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the U.S. government.
1868 - Alvin J. Fellows patented the tape measure.
1891 - The primacy of Thomas Edison's lamp patents was upheld in the court decision Electric Light Company vs. U.S. Electric Lighting Company.
1908 - "The Adventures of Dolly" opened at the Union Square Theatre in New York City.
1911 - Harry N. Atwood landed an airplane on the lawn of the White House to accept an award from U.S. President William Taft.
1914 - Robert H. Goddard patented liquid rocket-fuel.
1945 - American battleships and cruisers bombarded the Japanese home islands for the first time.
1946 - Dr. Benjamin Spock’s "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" was first published.
1951 - The first sports event to be shown in color, on CBS-TV, was the Molly Pitcher Handicap at Oceanport, NJ.
1951 - The George Washington Carver National Monument in Joplin, MO, became the first national park to honor an African American.
1965 - The American space probe Mariner 4 flew by Mars, and sent back photographs of the planet.
1966 - In a Chicago dormitory, Richard Speck murdered eight student nurses.
1967 - Eddie Mathews of the Houston Astros hit his 500th career home run.
1968 - Hank Aaron, while with the Atlanta Braves, hit his 500th career home run.
1981 - The All-Star Game was postponed because of a 33-day-old baseball players strike. The game was held on August 9.
1998 - Los Angeles sued 15 tobacco companies for $2.5 billion over the dangers of secondhand smoke.
2003 - Jerry Springer officially filed papers to run for the U.S. Senate from Ohio.
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July 15
1806 - Lieutenant Zebulon Pike began his western expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine, near St. Louis, MS.
1863 - Confederate raider Bill Anderson and his Bushwhackers attacked Huntsville, MO, where they stole $45,000 from the local bank.
1870 - Georgia became the last of the Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
1876 - George Washington Bradley of St. Louis pitched the first no-hitter in baseball in a 2-0 win over Hartford.
1888 - "Printers’ Ink" was first sold.
1901 - Over 74,000 Pittsburgh steel workers went on strike.
1904 - The first Buddhist temple in the U.S. was established in Los Angeles, CA.
1916 - In Seattle, WA, Pacific Aero Products was incorporated by William Boeing. The company was later renamed Boeing Co.
1922 - The duck-billed platypus arrived in America, direct from Australia. It was exhibited at the Bronx Zoo in New York City.
1940 - Robert Wadlow died at the age of 22. At that time he was 8 feet, 11-1/10 inches tall and weighed 439 pounds.
1958 - Five thousand U.S. Marines landed in Beirut, Lebanon, to protect the pro-Western government. The troops withdrew October 25, 1958.
1965 - The spacecraft Mariner IV sent back the first close-up pictures of the planet Mars.
1965 - Joan Rivers and Edgar Rosenberg were married.
1968 - ABC-TV premiered "One Life to Live".
1968 - Commercial air travel began between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., when the first plane, a Soviet Aeroflot jet, landed at Kennedy International Airport in New York.
1971 - U.S. President Nixon announced he would visit the People's Republic of China to seek a "normalization of relations."
1973 - Nolan Ryan of the California Angels became the first pitcher in two decades to win two no-hitters in a season.
1976 - A 36-hour kidnap ordeal began for 26 schoolchildren and their bus driver when they were abducted by three gunmen near Chowchilla, CA. All of the captives escaped unharmed.
1981 - Steven Ford, son of former President Gerald R. Ford, appeared in a seduction scene of "The Young and the Restless" on CBS-TV. Ford played the part of Andy.
1985 - Baseball players voted to strike on August 6th if no contract was reached with baseball owners. The strike turned out to be just a one-day interruption.
1997 - Gianni Versace was shot to death by Andrew Phillip Cunanan outside his home in Miami, FL. Cunanan was found dead eight days later.
1999 - Harold Greene received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
2002 - John Walker Lindh plead guilty to two felonies. The crimes were supplying services to Afghanistan's former Taliban government and for carrying explosives during the commission of a felony. Lindh agreed to spend 10 years in prison for each of the charges.
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16 July 1945 - Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon at the Trinity site near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
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 Oops almost forgot to add these in for today ;)
July 16
1779 - American troops under General Anthony Wayne capture Stony Point, NY.
1790 - The District of Columbia, or Washington, DC, was established as the permanent seat of the United States Government.
1845 - The New York Yacht Club hosted the first American boating regatta.
1862 - Two Union soldiers and their servant ransacked a house and raped a slave in Sperryville, VA.
1862 - David G. Farragut became the first rear admiral in the U.S. Navy.
1912 - Bradley A. Fiske patented the airplane torpedo.
1926 - The first underwater color photographs appeared in "National Geographic" magazine. The pictures had been taken near the Florida Keys.
1935 - Oklahoma City became the first city in the U.S. to make use of parking meters.
1940 - Adolf Hitler ordered the preparations to begin on the invasion of England, known as Operation Sea Lion.
1942 - French police officers rounded up 13,000 Jews and held them in the Winter Velodrome. The round-up was part of an agreement between Pierre Laval and the Nazis. Germany had agreed to not deport French Jews if France arrested foreign Jews.
1944 - Soviet troops occupied Vilna, Lithuania, in their drive toward Germany.
1945 - The United States detonated the first atomic bomb in a test at Alamogordo, NM.
1951 - J.D. Salinger's novel, "The Catcher in the Rye," was first published.
1957 - Marine Major John Glenn set a transcontinental speed record when he flew a jet from California to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds.
1969 - Apollo 11 blasted off from Cape Kennedy, FL, and began the first manned mission to land on the moon.
1970 - The Pittsburgh Pirates played their first game at Three Rivers Stadium.
1973 - Alexander P. Butterfield informed the Senate committee investigating the Watergate affair of the existence of recorded tapes.
1981 - After 23 years with the name Datsun, executives of Nissan changed the name of their cars to Nissan.
1985 - The All-Star Game, televised on NBC-TV, was the first program broadcast in stereo by a TV network.
1999 - The plane of John F. Kennedy Jr. crashed off the coast of Martha's Vineyard, MA. His wife, Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, and her sister, Lauren Bessette, were also on board the plane. The body of John Kennedy was found on July 21, 1999.
2004 - Martha Stewart was sentenced to five months in prison for lying about a stock sale. She was also ordered to spend five months confined to her home and fined $30,000. She was allowed to remain free pending her appeal.
2005 - J.K. Rowling's book "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" was released. It was the sixth in the Harry Potter series. The book sold 6.9 million copies on its first day of release.
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A definite milestone in history. Thanks Sheena!
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July 17
1821 - Spain ceded Florida to the U.S.
1862 - National cemeteries were authorized by the U.S. government.
1866 - Authorization was given to build a tunnel beneath the Chicago River. The three-year project cost $512,709.
1867 - Harvard School of Dental Medicine was established in Boston, MA. It was the first dental school in the U.S.
1898 - U.S. troops under General William R. Shafter took Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
1920 - Sinclair Lewis finished his novel "Main Street".
1941 - The longest hitting streak in baseball history ended when the Cleveland Indians pitchers held New York Yankee Joe DiMaggio hitless for the first time in 57 games.
1941 - Brigadier General Soervell directed Architect G. Edwin Bergstrom to have basic plans and architectural perspectives for an office building that could house 40,000 War Department employees on his desk by the following Monday morning. The building became known as the Pentagon.
1944 - 232 people were killed when 2 ammunition ships exploded in Port Chicago, CA.
1945 - U.S. President Truman, Soviet leader Josef Stalin and British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill began meeting at Potsdam in the final Allied summit of World War II. During the meeting Stalin made the comment that "Hitler had escaped."
1950 - The television show "The Colgate Comedy Hour" debuted featuring Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis.
1954 - The Brooklyn Dodgers made history as the first team with a majority of black players.
1955 - Disneyland opened in Anaheim, CA.
1960 - Francis Gary Powers pled guilty to spying charges in a Moscow court after his U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union.
1966 - Ho Chi Minh ordered a partial mobilization of North Vietnam forces to defend against American air strikes.
1975 - An Apollo spaceship docked with a Soyuz spacecraft in orbit. It was the first link up between the U.S. and Soviet Union.
1979 - Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza resigned and fled to Miami in exile.
1981 - Two skywalks suspended from the ceiling over the atrium lobby at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, MO, collapsed. 114 people were killed. Five years later two design engineers were convicted for their negligence.
1986 - The largest bankruptcy filing in U.S. history took place when LTV Corporation asked for court protection from more than 20,000 creditors. LTV Corp. had debts in excess of $4 billion.
1987 - Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and rear Admiral John Poindexter begin testifying to Congress at the "Iran-Contra" hearings.
1995 - The Nasdaq composite stock index rose above 1,000 for the first time.
1996 - 230 people were killed when TWA Flight 800 exploded and crashed off Long Island, NY.
1997 - After 117 years, the Woolworth Corp. closed its last 400 stores.
1998 - Biologists reported that they had deciphered the genome (genetic map) of the syphilis bacterium.
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July 18
1743 - "The New York Weekly Journal" published the first half-page newspaper ad.
1914 - Six planes of the U.S. Army helped to form an aviation division called the Signal Corps.
1927 - Ty Cobb set a major league baseball record by getting his 4,000th career hit. He hit 4,191 before he retired in 1928.
1932 - The U.S. and Canada signed a treaty to develop the St. Lawrence Seaway.
1936 - The first Oscar Meyer Wienermobile rolled out of General Body Company’s factory in Chicago, IL.
1936 - "The Columbia Workshop" debuted on CBS radio.
1944 - U.S. troops captured Saint-Lo, France, ending the battle of the hedgerows.
1944 - Hideki Tojo was removed as Japanese premier and war minister due to setbacks suffered by his country in World War II.
1947 - U.S. President Truman signed the Presidential Succession Act, which placed the Speaker of the House and the Senate President Pro Tempore next in the line of succession after the vice president.
1964 - Pete Rose of the Cincinnati Reds hit the only grand slam home run of his career.
1970 - Ron Hunt of the San Francisco Giants was hit by a pitch for the 119th time in his career.
1971 - New Zealand and Australia announced they would pull their troops out of Vietnam.
1984 - A gunman opened fire at a McDonald's fast-food restaurant in San Ysidro, CA. He killed 21 people before being shot dead by police.
1985 - Jack Nicklaus II, at age 23 years old, made his playing debut on the pro golf tour at the Quad Cities Open in Coal Valley, IL.
2000 - It was announced that Christopher Reeve would direct and serve as executive producer on the TV movie "Rescuing Jeffrey."
2000 - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence of marijuana. He was stopped for speeding and then failed to pass a sobriety test. Abdul-Jabbar was the leading scorer in National Basketball Association (NBA) history at the time.
2001 - A train derailed, involving 60 cars, in a Baltimore train tunnel. The fire that resulted lasted for six days and virtually closed down downtown Baltimore for several days.
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(1 to 100 of 110 replies in CLOSED Today in US History: 2007 April 19 - July 29)
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