Sternorrhyncha - Superfamily: Coccoidea of the World

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About Sternorrhyncha - Superfamily: Coccoidea of the World

Scale Insects
Most scale insects are parasites of plants, feeding on sap drawn directly from the plant's vascular system. A few species feed on fungal mats and fungi, e.g., some species in the genus Newsteadia in the family Ortheziidae. Scale insects vary dramatically in their appearance from very small organisms (1–2 mm) that occur under wax covers (some look like oyster shells), to shiny pearl-like objects (about 5 mm), to creatures covered with mealy wax. Adult female scales are almost always immobile (aside from mealybugs) and permanently attached to the plant they have parasitized. They secrete a waxy coating for defense; this coating causes them to resemble reptilian scales or fish scales, hence the name.

The main families of scale insects are:

* Margarodidae – cottony cushion scales, giant coccids and ground pearls
* Diaspididae – armored scales
* Dactylopiidae – cochineal
* Kerriidae – lac scales
* Coccidae – soft scales
* Asterolecaniidae – pit scales
* Pseudococcidae – mealybugs
* Eriococcidae – felted scales

A number of other families are known only from fossils, including Arnoldidae, Electrococcidae, Grimaldiellidae, Grohnidae, Hammanococcidae, Inkaidae, Jersicoccidae, Kukaspididae, Labiococcidae, Lebanococcidae, Lithuanicoccidae, Pennygullaniidae, Serafinidae and Weitschatidae.

All Families
Aclerdidae
Asterolecaniidae
Beesoniidae
Carayonemidae
Cerococcidae
Coccidae
Conchaspididae
Dactylopiidae
Diaspididae
Eriococcidae
Halimococcidae
Kermesidae
Kerriidae
Lecanodiaspididae
Margarodidae
Micrococcidae
Monophlebidae
Ortheziidae
Phenacoleachiidae
Phoenicococcidae
Pseudococcidae
Putoidae
Stictococcidae

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