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Calm, Assertive Consciousness



The NatGeo show The Dog Whisperer with Cesar Millan has brought a wide realization of the importance of a calm, assertiveness. This group is for posting examples of faces (either of human beings or of other conscious creatures) demonstrating a calm, assertive consciousness. See www.alanweissman.com/cesar_millan.html

World Maths Day: the maths of nice

Tuesday, 02 March 2010 15:50

Photo in the public domainYou might wonder how maths and opening doors for a stranger or buying chocolate for a heartbroken friend are related. Yet according to game theory, the branch of applied mathematics made famous in the movie A Beautiful Mind, there could be a mathematical reason behind kindness.

Game theory: not just like backgammon

Game Theory as a field of study began in 1944 when John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern published Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour. Game theory is not just about games, but about strategy. It’s a type of maths used in the social sciences, economics, biology, engineering, international relations and computer science as a way to figure out how people behave in situations where success depends on the choices of others. Game theory uses maths to develop the best strategy for dealing with scenarios that require tactics.

Equilibrium: a beautiful find

In game theory research, finding a strategy that works, and that the players are unlikely to change, is called the equilibrium. The most well-known concept of equilibrium is the Nash Equilibrium, developed by American mathematician John Nash. John Nash’s life inspired the Oscar-winning film A Beautiful Mind.

Prisoner’s dilemma

Thinking through the prisoner’s dilemma is a fun way to do some game theory for yourself. Imagine two prisoners being interrogated by the police in separate rooms. They are offered a choice: they can betray the other prisoner by confessing to a crime, or they can stay silent. If they both remain silent, they spend six months in jail each. If they both confess and betray the other, then they will spend five years in jail each. However, if one confesses and the other remains silent, then the prisoner who betrayed the other walks free, and the prisoner who remained silent spends ten years in jail. What should the prisoners do?

The maths of nice

The problem is that if both prisoners act selfishly, and betray the other hoping to walk free, they will both spend more time in jail than if they stayed silent. In experiments where the prisoner’s dilemma was run several times in one long game, Robert Axelrod showed that the best strategy was to be nice, forgiving, and not envious, while retaliating when necessary to avoid being taken advantage of.
sciencesowhat.direct.gov.uk/articles/health-and-society/m...